heredity, genetics, and cells review

HEREDITY,GENETICS, AND CELLS

REVIEW

Which organelle produces most of the energy needed by a cell?

A. mitochondriaB. chloroplastsC. ribosomes

D. Golgi bodies

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A. mitochondria

And the answer is…

In what type of cells would you expect to find a lot of

mitochondria?

A. skin cellsB. blood cellsC. bone cells

D. muscle cells

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D. muscle cells


Which of the following is NOT a similarity between plant and animal cells.

A. both contain ribosomes to produce proteins

B. both contain chloroplasts to capture energy from the sun and convert it to food

C. both contain chromatin that contain genetic information for the cell

D. both contain a nucleolus where ribosomes are made

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B. both contain chloroplasts to capture energy from the sun and convert it to

food


Name two structures that are not found in the cell shown here but are found in plant

cells.

A. cell wall, chloroplastsB. cell wall, chromatin

C. nucleolus, chloroplastsD. lysomes, nucleolus

4

A. cell wall, chloroplasts


What term means the smallest unit that is able to perform the basic

functions of life?

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cells


Which structure listed is responsible for direction of all of the cell’s activities?

A. AB. BC. CD. D

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D. D


What term means a structure that is made up of different tissues working together to perform a

particular function?

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organ


What term means an individual living thing made up of one or many cells that is capable of growing and reproducing?

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organism


What is the function of a cell membrane

A. to protect and support the cellB. to perform different functions in

each cellC. to control what enters and leaves

the cellD. to form a hard covering for the cell

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C. to control what enters and leaves the cell


Which organelle is the control center of a cell?

A. mitochondria

B. ribosomeC. chloroplast

D. nucleus

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D. nucleus


What term means a group of similar cells that are organized to

do a specific job?

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tissue


Two forms of the same gene are known as

A.AllelesB.Chromosomes

C.GenotypesD.Sex cells

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A. Alleles


Long, thin fibers that carry information that controls the cell’s

activities are

A.Nucleic acidsB.Dominant traitsC.Recessive traitsD.chromosomes

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D. chromosomes


If you cross a white flower (with genotype pp) with a purple flower (with the genotype PP), the

possible genotypes and phenotypes possible are

A.PPB.Pp

C.Purple flowers D.White flowersE.A and B onlyF. B and C only

G.A , B and C onlyH.A, B, C and D only

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F. B and C only


The passing of traits from parents to offspring is

A.ProbabilityB.HeredityC.RecessiveD.Meiosis

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B. Heredity


B is for brown eyes and b is for blue eyes. Cross a heterozygous with a homozygous recessive. What is the percentage of the

offspring that are heterozygous?

A.25%B.50 %C.75%D.0%

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B. 50 %


H is for hairy fingers and h is for non-hairy fingers. Cross a heterozygous with a heterozygous. What are

the phenotypes and genotypes?

A. HH, hairy fingersB. Hh non-hairy fingersC. hh, non-hairy fingers

D. Hh, hairy fingersE. A and B onlyF. B and D only

G.A, B and C onlyH.A, B and D onlyI. A, C, and D only

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I. A, C, and D only


If you cross two rabbits that have the genotype Bb, what are the possible genotypes for the offspring?

A. BBB. bbC. BbD. bB

E. A and B onlyF. A, B and C onlyG.A, B and D onlyH.A, C and D onlyI. B, C and D only

J. A, B, C and D only18

F. A, B and C only


What is the part of a chromosome that carries information for a specific

trait called?

A.Nucleic acidB.Gene

C.GenotypeD.Phenotype

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B. Gene


A zygote is

A. A male reproductive cellB. A female reproductive cell

C. A newly formed cell after the union of a sperm and egg

D. Both male and female reproductive cells

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C. A newly formed cell after the union of a sperm and egg


Identify the statement that best states the difference between dominant and recessive

traits.

A.Recessive traits show up more often than dominant traits.

B.Recessive traits show up as often as dominant traits.

C.Recessive traits show up less often than dominant traits.

D.Recessive and dominant traits are the same.

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C. Recessive traits show up less often than dominant traits.


T is for thin lips and t is for full lips. Cross a homozygous dominant with a heterozygous.

Identify the percentage of offspring with thin lips and the correct genotypes for thin lips.

Choose all that apply.

A.TTB.Tt

C.50%D.100%

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A , B, and D


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A population of mice is evenly divided into two groups, and each group is placed on an isolated island with no existing mouse population. Which statement best explains the difference in the mouse populations on Island A and Island B at the end of 20 years?

A. On Island A, the allele for gray fur was dominant, while on Island B, the allele for brown fur was dominant.

B. More brown mice were in the half of the original population that was sent to Island B than in the group sent to Island A.

C. Conditions on Island B favored the brown-furred individuals, while both fur colors were evenly advantaged on Island A.

D. The recapturing of mice on Island A and Island B was done differently.

C. Conditions on Island B favored the brown-furred individuals, while both fur colors were evenly advantaged on Island A.


24

The base sequence of nucleotides in a DNA strand that compliments the DNA base sequence ACGAT is

A.TGCTAB. ACGATC.CGCTAD.TGCAT

A.TGCTA


25

In a plant that has red flowers, red flower color, R, is completely dominant to white flower color, r. If the plant is heterozygous for flower color, which alleles will be carried by the gametes it produces?

A.R and rB.R onlyC.r onlyD.Rr only

A. R and r


26

In pigeons, the allele for normal feathers (F) is dominant to the allele for frizzy feathers (f).

If a purebred, normal-feathered bird (FF) is crossed with a frizzy-feathered (ff) bird how many different feather phenotypes are possible in the offspring?

A. 1B. 2C. 3D. 4

A. 1


27

In humans, the allele for unattached earlobes (L) is dominant to the allele for attached earlobes (l).

Based on the diagram, an offspring with attached earlobes is indicated in

A. Box 1B. Box 4C. Boxes 2 and 3D. Boxes 1, 2, and 3

B. Box 4


28

Which is an example of an acquired trait?

A.Eye colorB.Hair colorC.Blood typeD.Ability to read

D. Ability to read


29

The unit of heredity that determines a particular trait is known as

A.ChromosomeB. a gameteC.A geneD.A phenotype

C. A gene


30

A human female would have which set of sex chromosomes?

A.XXB.YYC.XYD.XxYy

A. XX


31

If one copy of a dominant allele is present in a genotype, then the trait is

A.Expressed in the phenotypeB.Not expressedi n the phenotypeC.Partially expressed in the phenotypeD.Not expressed in an offspring’s

phenotype

A. Expressed in the phenotype


32

In guinea pigs, the allele for black fur (B) is dominant, and the allele for brown fur (b) is recessive. If a BB male mates with a Bb female, what percentage of offspring are likely to have black fur?

A.100 percentB.75 percentC.50 percentD.25 percent

A. 100 percent


33

If one parent has two dominant alleles and another parent has two recessive alleles, the offspring will have

A.The recessive phenotypeB.The dominant phenotypeC.Two dominant allelesD.Two recessive alleles

B. The dominant phenotype


34

Cells that contain half the usual number of chromosomes are

A.Fertilized egg cellsB.GametesC.AllelesD.Diploid cells

B. Gametes


35

The process that produces haploid (1n) cells is known as

A.MitosisB.ReproductionC.MeiosisD.Fertilization

C. Meiosis


36

What happens when fertilization occurs?

A. Two 2n cells combine in a new cell

B. Two 1n cells combine into a new cell

C. Two 2n daughter cells are produced

D. Two 1n daughter cells are produced

B. Two 1n cells combine into a new cell


37

Which does not occur during meiosis?

A.Four haploid daughter cells are produced.

B.Two diploid daughter cells are produced.

C.Only cells that are gametes are produced.

D.Daughter cells are produced that contain half the chromosomes of the parent cell.

B. Two diploid daughter cells are produced.


38

Genes are sequences of DNA, which are made up of

A.NucleotidesB.ChromosomesC.PhosphatesD.Ribosomes

A. Nucleotides


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What happens during replication?

A.DNA is copied.B.RNA is copied.C.Ribosomes are madeD.Proteins are made.

A.DNA is copied.


40

Which base is found only in RNA?

A.ThymineB.GuanineC.ThymineD.Uracil

D. Uracil


41

The main function of mRNA in protein synthesis is to

A.Transfer amino acids to a ribosome

B.Carry proteins to the ribosomeC.Transcribe genes from DNAD.Connect nucleotides together

C. Transcribe genes from DNA


42

Proteins are made up of a sequence of

A.Chromosomes B.Amino acidsC.NucleotidesD.Base pairs

B. Amino acids


43

Mutations are changes in

A.DNA B.The cell cycleC.tRNAD.Proteins

A. DNA


44

Which is a known cause of genetic mutations?

A.Poor nutritionB.MalariaC.UV radiationD.Cancer

C. UV radiation


45

A pedigree shows

A.How proteins are synthesizedB.How members of a family are

relatedC.Where mutations are located in a

sequence of DNAD.Which triplet of bases matches up

with a particular amino acid.

B. How members of a family are related


46

The main goal of the Human Genome Project was to

A.Find cures for genetic diseasesB.Find all mutations in human DNAC.Count the number of genes in

human DNAD.Sequence all DNA on human

chromosomes

D. Sequence all DNA on human chromosomes


47

Genetic engineering involves

A.Inserting changed DNA into an organism

B.Cross-breeding plantsC.Testing new medicines for genetic

diseasesD.Using x-rays to change DNA

A. Inserting changed DNA into an organism


48

What percentage of pea plants showed the dominant phenotype?

A.100 %B.75 %C.50 %D.25 %

B. 75 %


49

What percentage of pea plants showed the recessive phenotype?

A.100 %B.75%C.50%D.25%

D. 25%


50

What is the genotype of the dwarf pea plants?

A.DDB.DdC.ddD.Cannot tell

C. dd


51

What are the possible genotypes of the regular pea plants?

A. DD and ddB. DD and DdC. Dd and ddD. cannot tell

B. DD and Dd


52

What are the genotypes of the parents?

A.Dd and ddB.DD and DdC.Dd and DdD.dd and dd

C. Dd and Dd


53

Which statement is true, based on the data in the chart?

A. If both parents were Dd, then none of the offspring would be dwarf.

B. If both parents were DD, then none of the offspring would be dwarf.

C. If one parent were Dd and the other were dd, then none of the offspring would be regular.

D. If one parent were DD and the other parent were dd, then none of the offspring would be regular.

B. If both parents were DD, then none of the offspring would be dwarf.


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