Henry VIII [r. 1509-Henry VIII [r. 1509-1547]1547]

Henry VIII’s Henry VIII’s CHildrenCHildren1510 Daughter - died1510 Daughter - died

1511 Son - died1511 Son - died1513 Son - died1513 Son - died1514 Son - died1514 Son - died1516 Mary - 1516 Mary - survivedsurvived1518 Daughter - died1518 Daughter - died1533 Elizabeth - 1533 Elizabeth - survivedsurvived1534 Son - died1534 Son - died1535 unknown - died1535 unknown - died1536 Son - died1536 Son - died1537 Edward1537 Edward - - survivedsurvived

Henry VIII Henry VIII Medallion: Head of Medallion: Head of

the Church of the Church of EnglandEngland

The English ReformationThe English Reformation

• England was a likely breeding ground for Protestantism, but its advance was slow.– England had a reputation for maintaining the

authority of the crown against the pope– There were already many secret Protestants.– Humanism also influences

• England was a likely breeding ground for Protestantism, but its advance was slow.– England had a reputation for maintaining the

authority of the crown against the pope– There were already many secret Protestants.– Humanism also influences

Henry VIII and ReformHenry VIII and Reform

• Initially supported the Pope against Luther.• Henry’s first wife, Catherine of Aragon, did not

provide him a son. He wanted an annulment in order to marry Anne Boleyn, which was not granted.

• It was suggested that he declare himself supreme in English spiritual affairs, which would solve his problem.

• Initially supported the Pope against Luther.• Henry’s first wife, Catherine of Aragon, did not

provide him a son. He wanted an annulment in order to marry Anne Boleyn, which was not granted.

• It was suggested that he declare himself supreme in English spiritual affairs, which would solve his problem.

Reformation ParliamentReformation Parliament• In 1529, Parliament convened for what would be a

seven year session.– Legislation passed that eventually put the clergy under the

authority of the king.– In January 1531, the king was made officially the head of the

church in England.– 1532, published official grievances against the church.– 1534, ended all payments to Rome and gave Henry sole

jurisdiction over ecclesiastical appointments.– The same year, the Act of Supremacy declared Henry “the

only supreme head of the Church of England.”

• Despite these changes, Henry did not make many concessions to Protestant sensibilities, retaining most of the ritual and doctrinal trappings of Catholicism.

• In 1529, Parliament convened for what would be a seven year session.– Legislation passed that eventually put the clergy under the

authority of the king.– In January 1531, the king was made officially the head of the

church in England.– 1532, published official grievances against the church.– 1534, ended all payments to Rome and gave Henry sole

jurisdiction over ecclesiastical appointments.– The same year, the Act of Supremacy declared Henry “the

only supreme head of the Church of England.”

• Despite these changes, Henry did not make many concessions to Protestant sensibilities, retaining most of the ritual and doctrinal trappings of Catholicism.

After HenryAfter Henry

• When Henry died, his 10 year old son, Edward VI, took over the throne.– Ruled under several regencies.– Enacted a series of reforms, bringing the

Church of England more in line with Protestant England.

• In 1553, Edward died, leaving his Catholic half-sister Mary as queen. She quickly reversed the reforms.

• When Henry died, his 10 year old son, Edward VI, took over the throne.– Ruled under several regencies.– Enacted a series of reforms, bringing the

Church of England more in line with Protestant England.

• In 1553, Edward died, leaving his Catholic half-sister Mary as queen. She quickly reversed the reforms.

Reformation and WomenReformation and Women• The Protestant rejection of celibacy

accompanied their rejection of the Medieval tendency to degrade women as temptresses or exalt them as virgins. Instead, they praised women as mothers and housewives.

• Marriage was viewed as a partnership between man and wife.– Women had the right to divorce and remarry, just

as men did.– However, wives remained subject to their

husbands.

• The Protestant rejection of celibacy accompanied their rejection of the Medieval tendency to degrade women as temptresses or exalt them as virgins. Instead, they praised women as mothers and housewives.

• Marriage was viewed as a partnership between man and wife.– Women had the right to divorce and remarry, just

as men did.– However, wives remained subject to their

husbands.

Henry VIII at Henry VIII at Middle AgeMiddle Age

Henry’s Henry’s DeathbedDeathbed

Edward VIEdward VI

Edward VI [r. 1547-Edward VI [r. 1547-1553]1553]

Queen Mary I or Queen Mary I or “Bloody Mary”“Bloody Mary”[r. 1553 – 1558][r. 1553 – 1558]

Philip II & Mary Philip II & Mary TudorTudor

Elizabeth Elizabeth I,I,

QueenQueen

at last!at last!

r. 1558 - r. 1558 - 16031603

Queen Elizabeth I Queen Elizabeth I [1533-1603][1533-1603]

Elizabeth I Elizabeth I [1592][1592]

Map of the Spanish Map of the Spanish Armada RouteArmada Route

Mary, Queen of Mary, Queen of ScotsScots

Mary Stuart in Mary Stuart in CaptivityCaptivity

Mary, Queen of Mary, Queen of ScotsScots

[Before Her [Before Her Execution]Execution]

Execution of Mary of Execution of Mary of ScotlandScotland

Tudor TextTudor Text

• YOU NEED THIS FOR POV TEST MONDAY!!!

• Minimum: Text 404-408

• Recommended: Text 369-372, 380, 403-408

• YOU NEED THIS FOR POV TEST MONDAY!!!

• Minimum: Text 404-408

• Recommended: Text 369-372, 380, 403-408