HENRY DAVID THOREAU

From “CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE”

ARGUMENTIS A FORM OF PERSUASIONTHAT USES LOGIC, REASONS,AND EVIDENCE TO INFLUENCEAN AUDIENCE’S IDEAS ORACTIONS.

VALID ARGUMENT

RELIES ON LOGIC-THE PROCESS

OF CLEAR, WELL-ORGANIZETHINKING THAT LEADS TO AREASONABLE CONCLUSION.

FOUR MAJOR POINTS WITHIN

THOREAU’S ESSAY

1. GOVERNMENT IS A MEANS TO AN END.

2. THE MAJORITY WILL INEVITABLY, IN SOME INSTANCES, HARM THE MINORITY.

3. PEOPLE HAVE AN OBLIGATION NOT TO SUPPORT WHAT THEY FEEL IS WRONG.

4. THE “FREE AND ENLIGHTENED STATE”

IS ONE THAT WILL “RECOGNIZE THE INDIVIDUAL AS A HIGHER POWER.”

MAHONDAS K. GANDHI

On the Eve of Historic“DANDI MARCH”

GANDHI SUGGESTS THAT INDIANS RISE UP AGAINST THE

RULING BRITISH GOVERNMENT.

NELSON MANDELA

FROM “LONG WALK TO FREEDOM”

DETECTING BIAS: PERSUASIVE MESSAGES, SUCH AS ADVERTISEMENTS, EDITORIALS, AND POLITICAL CAMPAIGNS, APPEAL HEAVILY TO AN AUDIENCE’S EMOTIONS.

BANDWAGON APPEAL

ATTEMPTS TO MAKE PEOPLE

THINK THAT EVERYONE ELSE IS

DOING SOMETHING.

LOADED LANGUAGE

IS WORDS WITH STRONG CONNOTATIONS.

TESTIMONIALS

SUPPLY ENDORSEMENTSFROM EXPERTS ORCELEBRITIES.

POLLING RESULTS

OFFER NUMBERS TO SHOW

SUPPORT FOR A CERTAIN VIEWPOINT.

MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR.

From “LETTER FROM

BIRMINGHAM CITY JAIL”

PERSUASIVE TECHNIQUES

1. LOGIC: CONCERNING ALABAMA’S

LAWS

2. ANECDOTE: KING USES HIS ACCOUNT OF

HIS ARREST FOR MARCHING WITHOUT A PARADE PERMIT.

3. KING’S FINAL SENTENCE

APPEALS TO THE READER’S

CONSCIENCE; IT IS AN ETHICAL OR MORAL ARGUMENT.