henrique-pinto et al., 2012
TRANSCRIPT
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121
Revista do Instituto de Geocincias - USP
Geol. USP, Sr. cient., So Paulo, v. 12, n. 3, p. 21-32, Dezembro 2012
Disponvel on-line no endereo www.igc.usp.br/geologiausp - 21 -
Abstract
The So Roque Group is characterized by volcano-sedimentary sequences, in which deposition probably started in the latePaleoproterozoic. U-Pb dating by LA-MC-ICPMS of zircons extracted from predominantly equigranular monzogranitesclasts from Morro Doce and Morro do Polvilho regions, yield paleoproterozoic ages of 2199 8.5 Ma and 2247 13 Ma,respectively. These represent the ages for the main source of granite for the metaconglomerates from the Boturuna For-mation (basal unit of So Roque Group). Its polycyclic history is reinforced by the presence of inherited Archean zircons(2694 29 Ma) found within the clasts. Moreover, these clasts have also been affected by the Neoproterozoic overprintingevent as indicated by their lower intercept Concordia ages. Sm-Nd isotope data for the main clast varieties from the MorroDoce metaconglomerates yield T
DMages of 2.6 to 2.7 Ga, demonstrating that these granites are the recycling products of an
Archean crustal component. The metaconglomerate arkosean framework yields slightly lower Nd(t)
values than those for theclasts, indicating that a younger and/or more primitive source also contributed to the Boturuna Formation.
Keywords: So Roque Group; Metaconglomerates; U-Pb dating; Sm-Nd data; Provenance.
Resumo
O Grupo So Roque caracterizado por uma sequncia vulcanossedimentar com deposio provavelmente iniciada noPaleoproterozoico tardio. Dataes U-Pb obtidas por LA-MC-ICPMS de zirces extrados das variedades predominantesdos clastos de monzogranitos equigranulares, das regies do Morro Doce e Morro do Polvilho, mostram idades paleoprote-rozoicas de 2199 8,5 Ma e 2247 13 Ma, respectivamente. Estas representam as idades da principal fonte de granito da
Formao Boturuna (unidade basal do Grupo So Roque). A histria policclica deste domnio reforada pela presena dezirces arqueanos herdados (2694 29 Ma), encontrados nos clastos. Alm disso, tais clastos tambm foram afetados peloevento Neoproterozoico, conforme indicado pelo intercepto inferior das idades concrdia. Dados isotpicos Sm-Nd para osprincipais clastos do metaconglomerado do Morro Doce tm idades T
DMentre 2,6 a 2,7 Ga, demonstrando que estes granitos
so produtos da reciclagem de um componente crustal arqueano. O arcabouo dos metaconglomerados, quando comparadocom os clastos, mostra valores mais baixos de
Nd(t), indicando contribuies de fontes mais jovens e/ou primitivas para a
Formao Boturuna.
Palavras-chave: Grupo So Roque; Metaconglomerados; Datao U-Pb; Dados Sm-Nd; Provenincia.
Paleoproterozoic source contributions to the So Roque Group
sedimentation: LA-MC-ICPMS U-Pb dating and Sm-Nd systematics
of clasts from metaconglomerates of the Boturuna FormationContribuies de fontes Paleoproterozoicas para a sedimentao do Grupo So Roque:
datao U-Pb LA-MC-ICPMS e sistemtica Sm-Nd dos clastos dos metaconglomerados da
Formao Boturuna
Renato Henrique-Pinto1, Valdecir de Assis Janasi1, Antonio Simonetti2, Colombo Celso Gaeta Tassinari1,
Larry Michael Heaman31Departamento de Mineralogia e Geotectnica, Instituto de Geocincias, Universidade de So Paulo - USP, Rua do Lago 562,
CEP 05508-080, So Paulo, SP, BR ([email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected])2
Department of Civil Engineering and Geological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, US ([email protected])
3Department of Earth & Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, CA ([email protected])
Received 14 March 2012; accepted 26 July 2012
DOI: 10.5327/Z1519-874X2012000300002
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INTRODUCTION
The depositional age and geological signicance of theSo Roque Group (SRG) (Mantiqueira Tectonic Province,in Southeast Brazil) remain the focus of considerable de-
bate in the geological literature. Several meta volcano-sed-imentary sequences have been recognized in the so-calledSo Roque Domain. This includes the Serra do ItaberabaGroup, which has been recognized as a medium-grademetamorphic sequence with a depositional age of ~1.5 Ga(Juliani et al., 2000), and is distinct relative to the lower-grade sequences that are commonly grouped into the SRG.The SRG itself is considered by some authors (Juliani,1993; Martin, 2000) as a younger sequence, in view ofits lower-grade metamorphism and proposed erosionalcontact marked by the presence, in metaconglomeratesfrom its basal sequence (Boturuna Formation), of clasts
and volcanic fragments, which are correlated to the Serrado Itaberaba Group (SIG). However, U-Pb zircon datingof acid and basic metavolcanic rocks from the BoturunaFormation has yielded consistently older ages (1790 14Ma; van Schmus et al., 1986; 1750 40 Ma; Oliveira et al.,2008), strongly suggesting that SRG in fact corresponds,at least in part, to an older sequence (Henrique-Pinto andJanasi, 2010).
The metaconglomerates study from the SRG basal se-quence has a long history, with the pioneering study byDerby (1882), who rst documented the occurrence ofsuch rocks in Brazil. A subsequent study by Coutinho(1955) reported a detailed description of the metacon-
glomerates, which are characterized by pebbles and boul-ders largely granitic in nature within an arkosean frame-work. These occur as meter to hectometre-sized lenseswithin a dominantly psammitic sequence. The intercalat-ed bimodal suite of metavolcanic rocks that was used todetermine the age of deposition occurs as thin layers andis characterized by a within-plate geochemical signature(Henrique-Pinto, 2008).
We have reported here the results of LA-MC-ICPMSU-Pb zircon dating of granitic clasts and Sm-Nd isotopedeterminations for granitic and amphibolite clasts, and forthe framework of the metaconglomerates. Together with
the previously reported geochemical data, these new re-sults are used to aid in elucidating the provenance of theSRG and therefore contribute for understanding its tecton-ic signicance.
TECTONIC SETTING
The So Roque Domain is a tectonic block that is locatedbetween the high-metamorphic grade Socorro-GuaxupNappe to the north (currently interpreted as related to the
evolution of the southern branch of the Braslia Fold Belt),and the Embu Domain to the south (related to the RibeiraFold Belt), as observed in Figure 1. In the tectonic modelof Campos Neto (2000), the So Roque Domain is partof a larger block dominated by meta-volcano-sedimentary
sequences metamorphosed to low-to-medium-grade con-ditions (the Apia-So Roque Domain). When togetherwith the Socorro-Guaxup Nappe, these correspond to amagmatic arc domain developed at the border of an oldercratonic nucleus, which is mostly concealed beneath thePhanerozoic Paran sedimentary basin, the ParanapanemaCraton (Mantovani and Brito Neves, 2005).
The rst stratigraphic division of the SRG was pro-posed by Hasui (1976). Subsequently, a two-fold one wasproposed, with the basal Boturuna Formation consisting ofphyllites with quartzite and metacarbonate intercalations,whereas the upper Piragibu Formation is composed of
rhythmic metapsammites succeeded by phyllites that areinterbedded with quartzite. This sequence is interpreted topossibly represent turbidity current deposits in a marineenvironment (Carneiro, 1983; Campos Neto et al., 1983;Dantas, 1990).
Later studies recognized a distinctive volcano-sedimen-tary sequence in the Serra do Itaberaba region (Coutinhoet al., 1982), composed of basic to intermediate tuffs, vol-canic and subvolcanic rocks interbedded with chert, band-ed iron formation (BIF), and detrital sediments. This se-quence was later dened as SIG (Juliani et al., 1986), anddistinguished from the SRG, based on its higher (amphib-olite-facies) metamorphic grade, and the presumed exis-
tence of an erosional contact. The latter is delineated bythe presence of clasts and volcanic fragments from the SIGin metaconglomerates located at SRG base (Juliani, 1993;Martin, 2000). SIG was dated, by Juliani et al. (2000), byU-Pb zircon in metavolcanic rocks at 1395 10 Ma.
A different metavolcano-sedimentary sequence was de-scribed in the Pirapora region (Bistrichi, 1982; Bergmann,1988; Tassinari et al., 2001), which is composed of tholei-itic metabasalts with pillow-lavas (Figueiredo et al., 1982)chemically similar to MORB (Lazzari, 1987; Henrique-Pinto and Janasi, 2010) and associated with pyroclasticsand meta-limestones, showing stromatolite structures
(Bergmann and Fairchild, 1985). Bergmann (1988) inter-preted the Pirapora Formation as the representation of pas-sive margin volcanic centers surrounded by stromatolites.U-Pb zircon (608 7 Ma) and monazite (628 9 Ma) dates(Hackspacker et al., 1999; 2000) suggest a Neoproterozoicage for this sequence; however, recent U-Pb zircon datingfor possible correlative metavolcanic rocks in the Cajamarregion indicate an age of 1750 40 Ma (Oliveira et al.,2008).
The possibility that the SRG base is older than the over-lying layers was stated by Van Schmus et al. (1986), based
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on U-Pb zircon age of 1790 14 Ma obtained for acidmetavolcanic rocks, which are characterized by a within-
plate geochemical signature from the Morro do Polvilho
region (Henrique-Pinto and Janasi, 2010).
LOCAL GEOLOGY
A simplied geological map of the study area is presentedin Figure 2, where most of the metaconglomerate occur-rences from the Boturuna Formation are indicated. The
basal unit of the SRG identied by Coutinho (1955) wasreferred as Morro Doce Formation (Juliani et al., 1999);
part of this sequence was also positioned as lower byCordani et al. (1961) and classied as impure metapsam-
mitic unit (Carneiro, 1983), or basal siliciclastic associa-tion (Fernandes da Silva, 2004). However, these studieswere conducted in different geographical locations.
The Boturuna Formation crops out predominantlynorthwest of the city of So Paulo (Figure 2). It is char-acterized by the predominance of interngered metar-koses and polymictic metaconglomerates with pebblesand cobbles encased by hard-recrystallized framework. Intopographically higher regions (the Jaragu Peak), occur-rences of metasandstones and feldspathic metasandstonesones are present. Small bodies of metavolcanic rocks are
intercalated with metarkoses; those are represented by ba-sic metavolcanic rocks (e.g. small lenses of basaltic tra-chyandesite within the metarkoses), and porphyritic me-
ta-trachydacite (in the Morro do Polvilho region). Themeta-trachydacites dene a chemical signature typical ofwithin-plate magmatism, with low mg#, high Zr, Y, Nb,and low Sr (Henrique-Pinto and Janasi, 2010).
The Jaragu amphibolite, with an approximate ex-posure area of 1.5 x 2.5 km, occurs in apparent discor-dance in relation to detrital metasediments (Gomes, 1962).It shares the MORB-like signature of the volcanics fromthe Pirapora Formation, like low concentrations of incom-
patible elements such as Rb, Nb and Th (Henrique-Pintoand Janasi, 2010). Small occurrences of impure metalime-stones surrounding the main body further suggest a corre-
lation with the Pirapora Formation.The occurrences of calc-silicate rocks appearing in thenorth-central portion of the studied area (Cordani et al.,1963) belong to SIG, as probably do the scattered occur-rences of staurolite-mica schist that appear as windowswithin the area consisting predominantly of metarkosesfrom the Boturuna Formation.
The southern portion of the study area (Figure 2) isdominated by Neoproterozoic granitic rocks from Itaquiand Cantareira plutons; the small Fazenda Ithay Granite,intruding the metarkose unit in the center of the area is
Figure 1.Simplied geotectonic map of the region near the city of So Paulo (modied from Campos Neto, 2000). 1: Phanerozoic
cover and intrusive rocks; 2: late and post-tectonic granites; 3: (garnet)-(muscovite)-biotite granites; 4: porphyritic biotite
granites; 5: porphyritic (hornblende)-biotite granites; 6: Socorro-Guaxup domain; 7: Paleoproterozoic gneisses (basement
to Embu Domain metasupracrustals); 8: Embu Domain metasupracrustal sequences; 9: So Roque Group and Votuverava
Formation; 10: Serra do Itaberaba Group; 11: Costeiro complex. The small box shows the location of Figure 2.
1
48 W
23 S
Brazil51 45
20
25
State of So Paulo
So Paulo
Atlantic Ocean 20 km
N
So Roque Domain
Paran
Basin
24 S
47 W 46 W 45 W
7 8 9 10 11
2 3 4 5 6
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petrographically similar, being dominated by porphyriticbiotite ( hornblende) granites. In contrast, the Tico-TicoGranite, part of which appears in the extreme north of thestudy area, is intrusive in SIG, and consists of two micaleucogranites. Tourmaline-bearing pegmatite and aplitedikes are scattered over most of the area.
Tassinari et al. (1985) obtained a Rb-Sr isochron age of1200 75 Ma for granitic pebbles from a metaconglom-erate of Boturuna Formation. The evolution of the Sr iso-topic ratio was used to suggest that the source of pebblesformed at ~2.4 Ga K-Ar ages for groundmass biotite range
between 800 to 750 Ma, and they were interpreted as rep-resenting the last metamorphic event that affected theserocks (Tassinari, 1988).
It is possible that the basal unit (sensu Coutinho, 1955)was deposited in a deep-sea environment (Odman, 1955),which was affected by proximal arkosean terrigenous oreven conglomeratic sediments. Petrographic study of gran-ites clasts for SRG metaconglomerates (Henrique-Pinto,2008; Henrique-Pinto and Janasi, 2010) allowed the iden-tication of four petrographic varieties: porphyritic biotitemonzogranite, inequigranular monzogranite, equigranular
Figure 2. Geological map of So Roque Domain NW of the city of So Paulo (modied from IPT, 1983).
4650'0''W 4648'0''W 4646'0''W
Brazil So Paulo State51 45
20
25
Pico do Jaragu
Cantareira
Fazenda Ithay
MD - 01C
MD - 10B
Morro Doce
Itaqui Pluton
2328'0''S
2326'0''S
Morro do Polvilho
Kilometers
Jaragu Amphibolite
N
W
L
E
4644'0''W
Sn
Synclines
Anticlines
Faults and LineamentsProterozoic Units
Late proterozoic Units
Serra do Itaberaba GroupSo Roque Group
8
7
5
4 3 2 1
6
? ?9 10 11Pirapora do BomJesus Formation
Piragibu Formation
Boturuna Formation
Morro da Pedra Petraand Nhanguu
Formation
120
1 - Acid Metavolcanics2 - Basic Metavolcanics
3 - Metaconglomerates4 - Metarkoses5 - Quartzites6 - Phyllites7 - Metasandstones8 - Metalimestones and Metadolomites9 - Amphibolites10 - Cianite-estaurolite schists11 - Banded Calcic-Silicates
1 2 3 4
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monzogranite, and inequigranular leucogranite. The clastsappear to be broadly comagmatic, as suggested by theirdenition of a single geochemical evolution trend consis-tent with normal differentiation in granitic magmas.
The metarkoses show clear chemical afnities with the
granitic pebbles from the metaconglomerate; their REEpatterns, although similar to the clasts, are characterizedby a smaller negative Eu anomaly suggestive of an addi-tional source. This possibly corresponds to a mac igneoussource as indicated by their higher Cr/Th, Ti/Zr, and Co/Thratios (Henrique-Pinto and Janasi, 2010).
ANALYTICAL METHODS
Zircon separation
Zircon crystals for U-Pb geochronological dating were ex-tracted from two clasts of equigranular muscovite-biotitemonzogranite, which represent the most typical variety foundin the metaconglomerate at the Morro Doce (MD-01C) andMorro do Polvilho (MD-10B) localities.
The samples were crushed in a steel jaw-crusher andsubsequently in a disk mill. The concentrates were ob-tained in the Mineral Separation Laboratory of Institutode Geocincias, Universidade de So Paulo, in Brazil, bystandard procedures involving a vibrating table (Wiley)and heavy liquids (bromoform and methylene iodide).
Microscopic studies of the heavy mineral concentrateswere conducted in transmitted light using aZeiss Axioplan
microscope. The concentrates were then submitted to mag-netic separation procedures using a FrantzTM type isody-namic magnetic separator, initially with +10 side and 15forward dip. Zircons were concentrated in the nonmag-netic fraction at 1.5 A. The different magnetic fractions ofzircons were then split by varying the inclination angle ofthe separator from +6 to lower values, until the last size-able fraction was obtained. Handpicking involved the se-lection of the least magnetic crystals with well-preserved
prismatic faces, vitreous luster, and least amount of inclu-sions as possible.
LA-ICPMS U-Pb dating
Isotopic determinations were conducted at the Departmentof Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta(Edmonton, Canada), by LA-MC-ICPMS using a NuPlasma mass spectrometer equipped with three ion coun-ters and 12 Faraday detectors; this instrument was coupledto a Nd:YAG UP213 nm New Wave laser ablation system.The accuracy and precision of analyses were validated
by analysing zircon standards BR266 and 91500. A spotsize of 20 m was used for the laser ablation runs given
in general the high total Pb contents of the zircons. Thisresulted in adequate U and Pb ion signal intensities and al-lowed spots to be located in areas free of fractures and in-clusions. Details of the analytical protocol employed hereare given in Simonetti et al. (2005).
Sm-Nd analyses
Sm-Nd isotope analyses were performed at the Centrode Pesquisas Geocronolgicas (CPGeo), Instituto deGeocincias, Universidade de So Paulo, Brazil, followingthe procedures described by Sato et al. (1995). The Nd iso-topic ratios were obtained using a multicollector FinniganMAT-262 mass spectrometer, whereas the Sm ones wereobtained using a single collector VG-354 mass spectrom-eter. The average 143Nd/144Nd values measured for the LaJolla and BCR-1 Nd standards during the period of this
study are 0.511849 0.000025 and 0.512662 0.000027(yearly 1 variation), respectively. The maximum measurederrors were 0.09% for the 147Sm/144Nd ratio and 0.00002for 143Nd/144Nd (2 precision level).
Ndcalculations as-
sume present CHUR ratios of143Nd/144Nd = 0.512638 and147Sm/144Nd = 0.1967. The constant used decay was 6.54 x10-12 years-1. T
DMcalculations are made using the method
of DePaolo (1988). Details of the analytical protocol em-ployed here are given in Sato et al. (1995).
RESULTS OF LA-ICPMS U-PB DATING
Sample MD-01C
Thirty-nine analyses were conducted for sample MD-01C(Table 1). Eight points are essentially concordant (discor-dance < 3%) and yield an average date of 2199 9 Ma.This is interpreted as the age of magmatic crystallizationfor this granitic clast. Two analyses from crystal 6b, al-though discordant, are clearly inherited and dene discor-dia with an upper intercept age of 2694 29 Ma (lowerintercept ~zero), which is indicative of an Archean inheri-tance (Figure 3). The remaining analyses dene a singlediscordia and yield an upper intercept age of 2209 14
Ma, which is within uncertainty to the average age (2199 9 Ma), dened by the concordant crystals. The lower in-tercept age at 527 72 Ma reects the overprint associatedwith the Neoproterozoic thermal event (Figure 3).
Sample MD-10B
Thirty-two analyses were conducted for sample MD-10B(Morro do Polvilho region), of which six were excludedfrom regression because of for their complex zoning andmultiple age domains (Table 2). The remaining 26 points
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indicate variable degrees of discordance, between 4 and22%, and dene a discordia with an upper intercept age at2247 13 Ma; which is interpreted as the magmatic crys-tallization age for this granite clast. The lower interceptage at 637 84 Ma once again reects the overprint as-sociated with the Neoproterozoic thermal event (Figure 4).
Sm-Nd Data
Sm-Nd isotope data were obtained from six representa-tive samples of the main clast varieties of the Morro Doce
metaconglomerate, all from outcrop MD-01. Results arelisted in Table 3 and illustrated in Figure 5. Given a 2.2Ga magmatic crystallization age, Nd(t) values are all neg-ative and appear to cluster between values from -3.1 to-4.3; an exception is the inequigranular granite sampleMD-01D that is characterized by a more negative valueof -6.7. The metarkose framework is slightly less nega-tive (
Nd(t)= -2.3), suggesting contribution from a distinct
source, perhaps of mac character, a feature also suggest-ed by whole-rock chemistry (Henrique-Pinto and Janasi,2010). Interestingly, the amphibolite clast does not seem
to equate to this same source since its Nd(t)
(-3.6) at t = 2.2Ga is within the same range for most of the granite clasts.
The Sm-Nd TDM
ages of the granitic clasts and themetarkose framework cluster at 2.6 to 2.7 Ga (Figure 5),combined with the inherited age (2694 29 Ma) reportedin sample MD-01C, reinforces the idea that these granitesare products of remelting a ~2.7 Ga crustal component.The older TDM age (3.2 Ga, Table 3) dened by the in -equigranular leucogranite MD-01D can be a reection ofits higher 147Sm/144Nd ratio (0.135), and may result fromLREE fractionation during magma evolution (Henrique-
Pinto and Janasi, 2010). Hence, this older TDM age mostprobably does not have any geological signicance. The147Sm/144Nd ratio of the metabasic clast (0.126) is typicalfor this rock type, its T
DMage (2.8 Ga) is slightly older than
those of the typical granite clasts.
DISCUSSION
The metaconglomerates from the Boturuna Formation(basal unit of SRG) are part of the detrital sedimentary
Figure 3. Concordia plot for LA-MC-ICPMS U-Pb zircon dating of sample MD-01C, a biotite monzogranite clast from the
Morro Doce region. Backscattering images obtained by scanning electron microscopy with numbers linked to Table 1.
Concordia Age = 2199.8 8.5 Ma
(2, decay-const. errs included)
MSWD (of concordance) = 0.13,
Probability (of concordance) = 0.71
n = 8 analyses
Grain 6B
Intercepts at
238 270 and 2694 29 Ma
Sample MD-01C Intercepts at
52772 and 2209 14 MAMSWD = 3.8
1400
2200
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
207Pb/235U
206P
b/238U
data-point error ellipses are 2
CP
10
9
64 5
14
50 um
100 um
200 um100 um 200 um
100 um
12
100 umCP
CP
3
100 umCP
CP
CP CP CP
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Table
2.
U-P
bz
ircon
LA-M
C-IC
PMSda
tafrom
biotitemonzogran
ite
clas
tMD-1
0B(Bo
turuna
Forma
tion,
So
Roque
Group
).
SampleMD-10B
207Pb/206Pb
206Pb/238U
Anal#
206Pb/204Pb
207Pb/206P
b
2
error
207Pb/235U
2
error
206Pb/238U
2
error
rho
age(Ma)
2
error
age(Ma)
2e
rror
discord.%
3
24120
0.1
3008
0.0
0177
5.2
712
0.2
636
0.2
935
0.0
144
0.9
62
2
099
24
1659
82
21.0
4
12041
0.1
3708
0.0
0144
7.0
345
0.3
261
0.3
741
0.0
173
0.9
74
2
191
18
2049
95
6.5
6
12997
0.1
3764
0.0
0148
7.3
443
0.3
198
0.3
864
0.0
168
0.9
69
2
198
19
2106
91
4.2
6B
49618
0.1
3581
0.0
0140
6.2
804
0.2
902
0.3
349
0.0
155
0.9
75
2
174
18
1862
86
14.4
8A
8757
0.1
3791
0.0
0156
7.4
940
0.4
118
0.3
938
0.0
215
0.9
79
2
201
20
2140
11
7
2.8
9A-2
11234
0.1
2422
0.0
0159
4.9
706
0.4
040
0.2
892
0.0
234
0.9
88
2
018
23
1638
13
2
18.8
10A
33907
0.1
3681
0.0
0140
6.1
561
0.3
406
0.3
257
0.0
180
0.9
83
2
187
18
1817
10
0
16.9
15A
90378
0.1
2408
0.0
0186
4.8
212
0.3
155
0.2
778
0.0
179
0.9
73
2
016
27
1580
10
2
21.6
17A
29097
0.1
3812
0.0
0143
6.8
434
0.2
853
0.3
588
0.0
149
0.9
69
2
204
18
1977
82
10.3
19A
76219
0.1
3600
0.0
0139
6.4
418
0.3
206
0.3
432
0.0
171
0.9
79
2
177
18
1902
95
12.6
20A
31920
0.1
2699
0.0
0226
5.0
017
0.1
976
0.2
826
0.0
104
0.8
93
2
057
31
1605
59
22.0
22A
91423
0.1
3785
0.0
0145
7.0
068
0.3
098
0.3
681
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11.8
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- 29 -Geol. USP, Sr. cient., So Paulo, v. 12, n. 3, p. 21-32, Dezembro 2012
Figure 4. Concordia plot for LA-MC-ICPMS U-Pb zircon dating of sample MD-10B, a biotite monzogranite clast from the
Morro do Polvilho region. Backscattering images obtained by scanning electron microscopy with numbers linked to Table 2.
Sample MD10B Intercepts at
data-point error ellipses are 2
637 84 and 2247 13 MaMSWD = 1.08 n = 26 analyses
1700
1900
2300
0.223.5 4.5 5.5 6.5 7.5 8.5
0.26
0.30
0.34
0.38
0.42
0.46
207 Pb/235U
206
Pb/238U
50 um
100 um
50 um 50 um 50 um
50 um
50 um
CP
CP
CP
CP CP CP
13
6
CP
CP
9
38
26
22 40 30
Samples ClastsSm Nd 147Sm/
Error143Nd/
ErrorT
DM
(0)
(t)(ppm) (ppm) 144Nd 144Nd (Ga)
MD-01B Metarkose framework 5.856 34.745 0.1019 0.0006 0.511160 0.000011 2.6 -28.84 -2.25
MD-01C Equigranular granite 5.752 42.047 0.027 0.0005 0.510779 0.000008 2.7 -36.27 -4.30
MD-01D Inequigranular leucogranite 1.900 8.514 0.1349 0.0008 0.511409 0.000012 3.2 -23.98 -6.66
MD-01E Inequigranular granite 6.005 39.859 0.0911 0.0005 0.510961 0.000012 2.6 -32.71 -3.09
MD-01M Metabasic rock 1.261 6.063 0.1257 0.0007 0.511431 0.000014 2.8 -23.55 -3.64
MD-01N Porphyritic granite 7.629 46.601 0.0990 0.0006 0.511068 0.000010 2.6 -30.62 -3.22
t = 2.2 Ga, the crystallization age of the granite clasts;TDM
according to DePaolo (1988).
Table 3. Sm-Nd isotope data for clasts and framework of metaconglomerate MD-01 (Boturuna Formation, So Roque Group).
sequences indicating proximal sources, as identied by thepresence of pebbles and boulders supported by an arkoseanframework. Thus, these rocks have an excellent potential forcharacterizing the main source for the SRG.
U-Pb dating by LA-MC-ICP-MS of zircons extractedfrom predominantly equigranular monzogranites clasts with-in the Morro Doce and Morro do Polvilho regions indicatePaleoproterozoic ages for magmatic crystallization (2199 9Ma and 2247 13 Ma, respectively). Even taking into accountthe ~10 Ma uncertainties associated with each date, the ca. 50
Ma difference between the two ages is suggestive that theseclasts, although very similar in petrography and chemistry, arenot strictly comagmatic, i.e., do not derive from exactly thesame source.
The polycyclic history of the zircons is reinforced by thepresence of inherited grains found in the clast MD-01B in theMorro Doce occurrence (2694 29 Ma). Furthermore, bothdated clasts were also affected by a neoproterozoic event, asindicated by lower intercept dates in the 530 to 640 Ma range.Although imprecise, the latter dates can be attributed to the
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- 30 -Geol. USP, Sr. cient., So Paulo, v. 12, n. 3, p. 21-32, Dezembro 2012
important thermal event of metamorphism and intrusion oflarge amounts of granitic plutons that affected the Apia-SoRoque Domain and the Socorro-Guaxup Nappe, which to-gether correspond to the reworked border of the ParanapanemaCraton (Campos Neto, 2000).
The ages of the granite clasts are not documented in base-ment granitic rocks that occur at the southwestern margin ofSo Francisco craton, which are typically slightly younger
and range between 2020 and 2140 Ma (Campos Neto et al.,2004). Similar ages are found in the basement of EspinhaoSupergroup in eastern So Francisco Craton (Mineiro Belt;Teixeira et al., 2008). However, correlation with some parts ofthe So Francisco Craton seems improbable, since the Apia-So Roque Domain is thought to belong to a different paleo-continent (Paranapanema). It seems more probable, therefore,that equivalents are present in the basement of the AunguiSupergroup as exposed in the Tigre, Setuva and Betari nuclei,where orthogneisses of similar age are described (Kaulfuss,2001; Cury et al., 2002; Siga Jr. et al., 2007). Remarkably, thelatter are intruded by younger (~1.75 Ga) syenogranitic orthog-
neisses, which are considered to represent an extensional tec-tonic event (Kaulfuss, 2001; Siga Jr. et al., 2011) that is possiblyequivalent to the one that generated the bimodal metavolcanicsequence of within-plate geochemical signature described inthe SRG (Henrique-Pinto and Janasi, 2010).
Sm-Nd isotope data from the main clast varieties fromthe Morro Doce metaconglomerates yield T
DMages of 2.6 to
2.7 Ga, indicating that these granites are the recycling prod-ucts of an Archean crust; an interpretation that is corroborat-ed with the presence of an inherited zircon dated at ~2.7 Ga.The metaconglomerate arkosean framework yields slightly
Figure 5.Nd
versus t(Ga) diagram of main granite clasts of Boturuna Formation.
DM
t (Ga)
15
10
5
0
-50.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
Framework of metaconglomerate (MD-01B)
Pebbles:
Equigranular monzogranite (MD-01C)
Inequigranular monzogranite (MD-01D)
Metabasic rock (MD-01M)
Porphyrytic monzogranite (MD-01N)
Inequigranular leucogranite (MD-01D)
3.5 4
-10
-15
-20
-25
-30
-35
-40
Nd
lower Nd(t)
values compared to the clasts, therefore young-er and/or more mac source may contribute to the BoturunaFormation. This is in agreement with the geochemical sig-nature of the associated metarkoses since a mac igneousinput was identied based on the whole-rock geochemistry(Henrique-Pinto and Janasi, 2010).
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