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HEINZ NIXDORFINSTITUTE

HEINZ NIXDORF INSTITUT

Interdisciplinary Research Cente

Fuerstenallee 11, 33102 Paderbo

Phone +49(0)5251|60 62 11

Fax +49(0)5251|60 62 12

http://wwwhni.upb.de

Members of Board of Directors

Professor Group:

Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Wilhelm

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jürgen Gause

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Reinhard Keil-

Prof. Dr. math. Friedhelm M

Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Burkhard

Prof. Dr. phil. Volker Peckha

Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Franz-Jose

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Ulrich Rückert

Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Wolfgang

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jörg Wallasch

Prof. Dr. phil. hist. Manfred

* Members of Executive Board

Academic Staff:

Markus Hohenhaus

Sabina Rips

Non-Academic Staff:

Karsten Mette

Student Group:

Michael Köster

Members of Curatorship

Nominated by Stiftung Westfal

Dr. Horst Nasko, Deputy Ch

Heinz Paus, Mayor of the C

Prof. Dr. Hartwig Steusloff,

Institute of Information an

Nominated by the University:

Prof. Dr. Thomas Lengauer,

Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Nikolaus R

Prof. Dr. Holm Tetens, Freie

Jointly nominated:

Prof. Dr. Otto K. Ferstl, Otto

Prof. Dr. Klaus Waldschmidt

Prof. Dr. Dr. h. c. Engelbert HEINZ NIXDORF INSTITUTEUniversity of Paderborn

Annual Report 2004

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HNI_2004_U1_U6_Titel_GB 14.02.2005 11:37 Uhr Seite 1

HEINZ NIXDORF INSTITUTE

Interdisciplinary Research Center for Computer Science and Technology

Fuerstenallee 11, 33102 Paderborn

Phone +49(0)5251|60 62 11

Fax +49(0)5251|60 62 12


Members of Board of Directors

Professor Group:

Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Wilhelm Dangelmaier

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jürgen Gausemeier *

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Reinhard Keil-Slawik

Prof. Dr. math. Friedhelm Meyer auf der Heide (President) *

Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Burkhard Monien

Prof. Dr. phil. Volker Peckhaus

Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Franz-Josef Rammig *

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Ulrich Rückert *

Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Wolfgang Sohler

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jörg Wallaschek

Prof. Dr. phil. hist. Manfred Wettler *

* Members of Executive Board

Academic Staff:

Markus Hohenhaus

Sabina Rips

Non-Academic Staff:

Karsten Mette

Student Group:

Michael Köster

Members of Curatorship

Nominated by Stiftung Westfalen:

Dr. Horst Nasko, Deputy Chairman and CEO of Board of SNI AG retd.

Heinz Paus, Mayor of the City Paderborn

Prof. Dr. Hartwig Steusloff, Head of Fraunhofer Institute

Institute of Information and Data Processing Karlsruhe

Nominated by the University:

Prof. Dr. Thomas Lengauer, Max-Planck-Institut for Computer Science

Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Nikolaus Risch, Principal of the University of Paderborn

Prof. Dr. Holm Tetens, Freie Universität of Berlin

Jointly nominated:

Prof. Dr. Otto K. Ferstl, Otto Friedrich University of Bamberg

Prof. Dr. Klaus Waldschmidt, University of Frankfurt

Prof. Dr. Dr. h. c. Engelbert Westkämper, University of Stuttgart


Statistics of the HNI WorkStatistics of the Institute

External Funds of the HNI Workgroups

117 Master Theses

20 PhD Theses

4 Dipl.-Physiker/in

5 Dr.-Ing.

49 Dipl.-Informatiker/in

1 Bachelor Mechanical Engineering

4 Master Sc. Mechanical Engineering

1 Juniorprofessor Dr.-Ing.1 Juniorprofessor Dr. rer. nat.1 Hochschuldozent Dr. rer. nat.1 Dipl.-Medienwissenschaftler1 Magister Philosophie1 Magistra Romanistik, Germanistik1 Dipl.-Pädagoge/Dipl.-Chemiker1 Dipl.-Psychologin

3 Dr.-Physik

1 Dr.-Phil.

14 Dr. rer. nat.

4 Dipl.-Mathematiker/in

7 Master Sc. Informatics

10 Dipl.-Wirtschaftsingenieur/in Elektrotechnik

5 Dipl.-Wirtschaftsinformatiker/in

21 Dipl.-Ingenieur/in Maschinenbau

15 Dipl.-Ingenieur/in Elektrotechnik 5 Master Sc. Electrical Engineering

14 Dipl.-Wirtschaftsingenieur/in Fertigungstechnik

140

0

120

100

80

60

40

20

Professors

1995 1996 1997 1998

7

0

6

5

4

3

2

1

8

1995 1996 1997 1998

Scientific Results/Publications of the HNI WorAcademic Profile of the Interdisciplinary Institute

Number of Employees of the HNI Workgroups

Mill. EURO

Number of Employees

85 Industrial Research and Development

66 Management

16 Self-employed

52 Scientific Research and Lectureship

70

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60

50

40

30

20

10

80

90

100

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Activities of Employees with PhD

(since Foundation of the Institute 1987)

Jobs of the Spin-Offs of the Heinz Nixdorf Institute in the year 2004

Number of Employees

dSpace: approx. 533 Employees UNITY AG: approx. 120 Employees


Statistics of the HNI Workgroups

External Funds of the HNI Workgroups

297 Publications

117 Master Theses

20 PhD Theses

tiker/in

eering

eering

tiker/in

nenbau

eering

echnik

140

0

120

100

80

60

40

20

Professors Research Staff Technical and Administrative Staff Trainees

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

7

0

6

5

4

3

2

1

8

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004*

Scientific Results/Publications of the HNI Workgroups

Number of Employees of the HNI Workgroups

Mill. EURO

Number of Employees

*estimated value

Oak

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HEINZ NIXDORF INSTITUTEUniversity of Paderborn

HEINZ NIXDORFINSTITUTE

Annual Report 2004

HNI_2004_03_17_GB 14.02.2005 10:56 Uhr Seite 3

Heinz Nixdorf Institute Annual Report 20044

Cover inside

Cover inside

Page 8

Page 12

Page 16

Contents

General Description

Statistics of the Institute

Statistics of the HNI Workgroups

Vision of the Institute

The Research Program

Distinguished Research at the Heinz Nixdorf Institute

Commitment to support young Researcher

Page 88

Page 111

Additional Activities

Publications

Fairs/Conferences/Seminars,

Patents, Prizes/Awards,

Additional Functions, Spin-Offs,

Current Research Projects,

Current Industry Co-operations and

Scientific Co-operations

Imprint

Contents

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Contents 5

HNI Workgroups

Business Computing, especially CIM


Computer Integrated Manufacturing

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jürgen Gausemeier

Computers and Society


Algorithms and Complexity

Prof. Dr. math. Friedhelm Meyer auf der Heide

Design of Distributed Embedded Systems

Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Franz Josef Rammig

System and Circuit Technology


Mechatronics and Dynamics


Parallel Computing


Applied Physics/Integrated Optics


Philosophy of Science and Technology


Cognitive Psychology

Prof. Dr. phil. hist. Manfred Wettler

Computer Operation Activities

Dipl.-Inform. Markus Hohenhaus

Page 20

Page 28

Page 36

Page 42

Page 48

Page 56

Page 62

0

Page 74

Page 78

Page 82

Page 86

Associated

Workgroups

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Heinz Nixdorf

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Vision of the Institute 7

Vision of the Institute

We are currently experiencing the evolutionfrom national industrial societies to a globalinformation society. Information and com-munication technology is affecting all areasof life: the boundaries we knew in the pastare no longer relevant. Yet we are alsonoticing that fewer and fewer people arebeing employed in the more traditional sec-tors of industry, which is why many regardthe current transition as a threat and wouldrather preserve the status quo.

However, the progression to a globalinformation society offers many opportuni-ties and much scope for creativity: newproficiencies and workplaces are continuingto emerge.

Our research focuses on a symbiosis ofcomputer science and engineering and aimsto provide decisive impetus for new pro-ducts and services for the global markets of tomorrow. Our activities will create newworkplaces and sustain prospority.

The problems we have to solve are com-plex. There are numerous influences thatmust be considered from areas such as nat-ural sciences, technology, economics, ecolo-gy and the social environment. We areadopting an interdisciplinary approachbecause we see that this offers the bestpossibility to find solutions for complexproblems.

Balance between basic research and applied researchWe want to be a leading research institute.To succeed in this aim, we have to be ableto give decisive impetus in practice but alsobe able to recognise problems of tomorrowearly on and find solutions. We place thesame value on basic research, which opensnew horizons and offers new opportunities,and applied research, which refers to whatis currenty happening in practise.

Commitment to training and educationWe are intensely committed to training andeducation our students and graduates andgiving them the necessary qualifications sothat they can help shape the future.

Measurable goalsStrategic action is based on measurablegoals. We set ourselves three main goals:1) The research work must be excellent.

We measure it by our external funds, by the number of doctorates and habili-tations as well as by the number of pub-lications in respected media.

2) The number of innovations in productsand processes of services in industry that result from our work should be veryhigh in comparison with other institutes.

3) Our graduates receive appropriateemployment in the business or scientificworld.

In this way, we are following the vision ofHeinz Nixdorf, the founder of our institute.

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While recognizing that our institute relies on the cre-ativity and productivity of our researchers, we try toconstantly focus their skills in core areas because weknow that this is what we have to do in the long termto achieve the best performance. These core areas arederived from our institute model and are designed tomeet the challenges of the future global informationsociety. We are focusing on the following four core areasat present:

• Intelligent technical systems.• Networks and mobility.• Human-Machine interaction.• Strategies for the products of tomorrow.

What we do creates benefitsWe strive to create product and process innovations inthe core areas mentioned. This in turn stimulates theinnovative behaviour of the people in the relevant orga-nizations. We therefore also look at the interactionbetween product and process innovations and behav-ioural innovations, all of which should increase the com-petitiveness of the companies with whom we work orprovide a future perspective for new companies thatemerge on the basis of our work. Our innovations shouldadd benefit wherever possible. It is also particularlyimportant to us in this regard that research findings beimplemented quickly in practice. We are ideally equippedto do this, because we amalgamate basic research,applied research and industrial experience.

The Research Program

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The Research Program 9

Intelligent Technical Systems

Our technical environment is already fully IT ready. Some 20 bil-lion microprocessors have been produced to date, i.e. more thanthree for every member of the world's population. Nevertheless,this process is only in its infancy. The vast majority of IT-relatedapplications in technical systems to date can be characterized aselementary control and arithmetic operations.

Greater autonomy, flexibility, ability to learn and proactivebehaviourEven if this step has already led to an enormous increase in theperformance of technical systems, the potential to increase thiseven further is by no means exhausted. Future systems will becharacterized by considerably more autonomy, adaptability, flexi-bility, ability to learn and proactive behaviour. This behaviour willno longer be dictated fully by developers, rather will be predeter-mined by particular behavioural patterns, which will then beimplemented by these intelligent systems as the situationdemands.

• Autonomy: Intelligent technical systems are not limited todetailed and precise preplanned behaviour. Rather they havea broad range of behavioural patterns at their disposal,within the framework of which they can act autonomously.

• Adaptability: The adaptability familiar from the area of con-trol technology, can be built on considerably with intelligentsystems. Thus, adaptation can be performed on the basis ofstrategic objectives and taking account of the most variedenvironmental data.

• Flexibility: Intelligent technical systems do not have to bepre-tailored for specific tasks. They can offer a variety ofcapabilities that are only partially required at differenttimes.

• Ability to learn: Intelligent systems can assess past behav-iour based on self-reflection and derive future behaviouralpatterns from this. Autonomy and adaptability are of courseprerequisites for this ability to learn.

• Proactive behaviour: If systems can make decisions in termsof their future behaviour based on knowledge of past andpresent situations as well as environmental factors, suchsystems are referred to as proactive systems. This behaviourcan be made even more efficient if account is also taken ofpossible and probable future behaviour of environmentalfactors.

SFB 614 and International Graduate School as leading contributions to basic researchAll of these aspects play a central role for self-optimizing systems.The special new research initiative 614 “Self-Optimizing Conceptsand Structures Mechanical Engineering” provides extensive basicresearch for intelligent technical systems in the future. The lead-ing role played by the HNI in the “International Graduate Schoolof Dynamic Intelligent Systems” is also part of this.

Participating HNI research groups:• Business Computing, especially CIM (Prof. Dangelmaier)• Computer Integrated Manufacturing (Prof. Gausemeier)• Parallel Computing (Prof. Monien)• Design of Parallel Systems (Prof. Rammig)• System and Circuit Technology (Prof. Rückert)• Mechatronics and Dynamics (Prof. Wallaschek)

Networks and Mobility

Combining mobility and networking opens up new perspectives.Networks have become indispensable elements of our life: TheInternet has turned the world into a global village, technical sys-tems, such as vehicles, contain a high figure of connected com-ponents, while closely coupled parallel systems allow resolution ofthe most complex problems. We are currently experiencing a radi-cal change toward mobility, with mobile stations emerging inplace of location-dependent stations.

However, the critical performance explosion can be expectedfrom the linking of networking and mobility. Major driving forcesemerging from the networking of systems and system usersinclude the ubiquitous availability of global knowledge, thepotential to impact any remote objects, the ability to developcooperative all-in solutions and the bundling of performance andservice. By combining such potential with the aspect of mobility,its use is no longer restricted to a fixed workplace, rather isaccessible from anywhere, even while moving. On the other hand,specific information of a system or user's geographic location cannow also be recorded and used selectively (location based solu-tions). Three application scenarios are presented below as exam-ples that connect these two aspects:a) Streetcars can use information about their current positions

and the positions of other vehicles within a certain radius tocooperate in illuminating the roadway clearly (without daz-zling) and equally in the dark.

b) Mobile radio stations can use the information about their posi-tions and the positions of other devices to build up and oper-ate a comprehensive communication network without basestations (mobile ad hoc networks). The aspect of cooperationalso plays a major role in this case.

c) Wireless, networked mobile systems comprising notebooks andPDAs offer functionalities that come up to the standard of net-worked, location-based computer systems.

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This vision is naturally linked with a variety of challenges, including:

• How should globally accessible information be selectively filtered and enabled for use?

• How can efficient communication structures be set up and maintained?

• How can remote objects with predictable and controllablelatency be influenced?

• How can a minimum bandwidth and maximum transmission times be guaranteed over communicationchannels (Quality of Service)?

• In terms of mobile use, how can the necessary energy supply to the communication devices be guaranteed?

• How can distributed algorithms be implemented over only partially secure and constantly changing communi-cation networks?

• How can the position and direction of movement be determined and predicted precisely in the case of mobilecommunication partners?

SFB 376 and Graduate College as essential contributions to basic research The Heinz Nixdorf Institute devotes itself to such questions in the framework of the Collaborative Research Centres 376 “Massively Parallel Computing: Algorithms, Design Methods, Applications”, of the “Graduate College of Automatic Configu-ration in Open Systems” and the “International Graduate Schoolof Dynamic Intelligent Systems”.

Participating HNI research groups:• Business Computing, especially CIM (Prof. Dangelmaier)• Algorithms and Complexity (Prof. Meyer auf der Heide)• Parallel Computing (Prof. Monien)• Design of Parallel Systems (Prof. Rammig)• System and Circuit Technology (Prof. Rückert)• Applied Physics/Integrated Optics (Prof. Sohler)• Mechatronics and Dynamics (Prof. Wallaschek)

Human-Machine Interaction

While the computer may be ubiquitous, the opportunities offeredby information and communication technology seem only to beconstrained by our imagination. An imaginary space is created,which we refer to as Cyberspace, in which people communicate,work together and share experiences. To most people, the accessto this world seems abstract and not highly intuitive, becauselooking into Cyberspace from our computer monitors is like look-ing through a keyhole.

Tailoring technologies such as VR, AR and software agents to theabilities of the human beingNew technologies, such as Virtual Reality, Augmented Reality andSoftware Agents offer us fascinating opportunities for overcom-ing these deficits. We know that it's not just about the machine's

intelligence but also about using the machine intelligently. It isjust as important that human/computer interfaces are adapted tothe sensory and motor capabilities of humans as to their cognitiveabilities. On the one hand, therefore, this involves traditionalinterfaces to interactive systems and on the other hand commu-nication and cooperative processing functions.

With the increasing integration of electronic functions indevices and products, the wealth of user interfaces they offer isalso expanding. Ergonomic principles and concepts of universalusability should ensure that in an environment with heteroge-neous and mobile devices these devices can be handled uniformlydespite different properties and functions. Complex applicationssuch as assistant systems for vehicles and multimedia-basedteaching and learning also demand the linking of functionalityand interaction in a completely new way.

The quality of use ultimately determines the success of a systemOur goal is to link high technical quality with high user quality. Inorder to acquire the relevant knowledge to do this, theoreticalprinciples are defined and studies carried out on suitability for useof devices and the everyday suitability of complex technical con-figurations. New innovative solutions are being developed forinteraction between humans and machines in order to open upnew implementation perspectives (e.g. wearable computing). Oneof our special strengths in this regard is to combine in practicalterms the underlying principles, empirical findings and innova-tions in complex user scenarios.

Participating HNI research groups:• Computer Integrated Manufacturing (Prof. Gausemeier)• Computers and Society (Prof. Keil-Slawik)• Algorithms and Complexity (Prof. Meyer auf der Heide)• Parallel Computing (Prof. Monien)• System and Circuit Technology (Prof. Rückert)• Mechatronics and Dynamics (Prof. Wallaschek)• Cognitive Psychology (Prof. Wettler)

Strategies for the Products of Tomorrow

Production is an important area for the future.Production includes all activities in relation to the development,manufacturing and marketing of a product. Production createsjobs and prosperity. Our activities therefore ultimately lead to thequestion as to how we can stimulate production.

What counts is foresight. This is our destinyCompetition is tough in the global village, offering good opportu-nities for the hardy. Yet competitive situations are changing con-stantly. What seems like a good opportunity today and is stimu-lating investment, may be obsolete tomorrow. It is no longer ade-quate in the face of such dramatic change to simply solve theobvious problems of the present; this will not necessarily allowthe challenges of the future to be tackled. Foresight and a strate-gic approach are called for, i.e. the success potentials of tomorrow

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must be recognized early on and exploited in well-timed. We arepredestined to achieve this, because we anticipate the problems oftomorrow in our research and develop suitable solutions.

The services we provide help global players as well as smalland medium sized companies. Globally active companies seek outattractive markets and sites with highly developed production,logistical and supplier structures. Apart from the actual productthat is being supplied, the product-related service and the sus-tainability of the benefits offered are becoming increasinglyimportant for small and medium sized companies, who frequentlywant to be active in these structures.

A toolset for future-oriented company management We offer a comprehensive toolset for designing production forthe future. This approach covers four levels, which are generallyworked through from top to bottom.

• Foresight (scenario): At this level, we anticipate developments in markets and technologies in order to recognize opportunities but also threats to established business early on.

• Strategies: At this level, we develop business, product andtechnology strategies in order to exploit these recognizedopportunities well-timed.

• Processes: We design business processes at this level according to the motto “structure follows strategy” so that the strategy can be implemented.

• Systems: IT and communications systems are deployed atthis level, which support the well-structured businessprocesses.

Effectiveness and efficiency are hence twin goals for us. This characterizes us in particular. We apply the toolset described tothe three main business processes in a manufacturing company:1) the product development process (product development andmanufacturing planning), 2) the manufacturing process (industrialautomation) and 3) the order processing process (procurement,production and distribution logistics).

Participating HNI research groups:• Business Computing, especially CIM (Prof. Dangelmaier)• Computer Integrated Manufacturing (Prof. Gausemeier)• System and Circuit Technology (Prof. Rückert)• Mechatronics and Dynamics (Prof. Wallaschek)

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Structure of the Research Program of the Heinz Nixdorf Institute

The Research Program 11

Innovation of

• products,

• processes

and

• teamwork

in practice

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“Collaborative Research Centres are long standing research insti-tutions in universities in which scientists work together in theframework of interdisciplinary research programs. […] CollaborativeResearch Centres allow demanding, complex and long-term researchprojects to be handled by concentrating and coordinating the skillsavailable in a university.” (translated from the original German: Deutsche

Forschungsgemeinschaft: Annual Report 2001, page 110).

This characterization of Collaborative Research Centres (Sonderfor-schungsbereiche, SFBs) formulated by the Deutsche Forschungsge-meinschaft coincides with the assertion by the Heinz Nixdorf Insti-tute to contribute to solving complex tasks through the interactionof computer scientists, engineers and economists.

Consequently, the two special research initiatives of our univer-sity – SFB 376 “Massively Parallel Computing: Algorithms, DesignMethods and Applications” (since 1995) and SFB 614 “Self-optimizingConcepts and Structures in Mechanical Engineering” (since 2002) –have emerged under the responsibility and leading involvement ofthe Heinz Nixdorf Institute. Some 100 scientists are involved, withover 40 of these financed by the DFG.

With DELIS – Dynamically Evolving Large-scale Information Sys-tems – researchers of the Heinz Nixdorf Institute assumed co-ordina-tion and control of an European Union Research Project for the firsttime, starting in january 2004. It is comparable to one funding peri-od of a Collaborative Research Centre in amount and extend.

Both Collaborative Research Centres and DELIS strongly charac-terize the basic research and are an expression of the excellence ofthe research carried out by the Heinz Nixdorf Institute.

Distinguished Research at the

Heinz Nixdorf Institute

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Distinguished Research at the Heinz Nixdorf Institute 13

SFB 376 “Massively Parallel Computing: Algorithms, Design Methods and Applications”Speaker: Prof. Dr. math. Friedhelm Meyer auf der Heide

Networks have become an indispensable part of our world, forexample as high-performance computers, as communication andinformation systems, or as planning and control components fortransport and production systems. The ever-increasing complexityof such systems constantly presents new challenges for computerscientists and engineers.

SFB 376 began working in 1995 with the aim of developingmethods and techniques for exploiting the computational capa-bilities of parallel processor networks and for demonstrating theperformance of the algorithmic solutions and the design methodsproduced for embedded, distributed (technical) systems on thebasis of a variety of applications. Since then, the SFB has madeessential contributions to this topic area and acquired interna-tional reputation. In addition, it takes account of the rapidlygrowing importance of networks as communication and informa-tion systems as mentioned above. Apart from the aspect of paral-lel high-performance computers, research has therefore begun tofocus increasingly on areas such as usability of heterogeneousdynamic networks, for example mobile, wireless communicationnetworks consisting of notebooks or mobile phones. This researchbranch has become increasingly important during the last year,and intensive cooperation with the EU-project DELIS are grown.

The research program is subdivided into the project areasAlgorithms, Design Methods and Applications. The algorithmicorientation contributes to particularly efficient, i.e. runtime-opti-mizing solutions. Design techniques for embedded real-time sys-tems and for specialized hardware are being developed in methodbased areas. Both the algorithmic and methodological work isevaluated in applications. We therefore consciously selectedapplications that present challenges for our methods and tech-niques.

http://www.upb.de/sfb376

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Non-predictable influences lead to the change of the target sys-tem (travel time, comfort, power requirement, noise emission etc.)and accordingly to the adjustment of the system behaviour.

SFB 614 “Self-optimizing Concepts and Structures in Mechanical Engineering”Speaker: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jürgen Gausemeier

Most modern engineering products already make use of the closeinteraction between classical mechanics, electronics, control engi-neering and software that is known as “mechatronics”.

Information technology is an essential driver of this develop-ment, which will enable future systems with inherent “intelli-gence”. We denote this perspective by the term of “self-optimiza-tion”. The self-optimization process of a technical system is char-acterized by the ability to modify system targets endogenouslyaccording to changing environmental conditions and, as a result,a target-compliant, autonomous adaptation of the parameterand if necessary the structure and the behaviour of the system.

Therefore, self-optimization reaches far beyond basic knowncontrol- and adaptation strategies; self-optimization allows forsystems with inherent “intelligence”, which are able to respondindependently and flexibly to changing environmental conditions.

Starting in July 2002, the Collaborative Research Centre pur-sues the long-term goal to open up the active paradigm of self-optimization for mechanical engineering and to develop a toolkitfor the design and construction of such systems. The resultingresearch program is based on three hypotheses and is set up for a decade.➔ Hypothesis 1: The active paradigm of self-optimization opensup fascinating prospects for mechanical engineering and relatedindustries that cannot be made available through advanced con-trol engineering, such as adaptive control.➔ Hypothesis 2: In terms of software engineering, intelligentfunctional groups of mechanical engineering can be understoodas software agents. Accordingly, a complex mechatronic systemthat is based on cooperation of multiple functional groups iscalled a multiagent system. ➔ Hypothesis 3: The design and construction of self-optimizingsystems of mechanical engineering calls for novel approaches andmethods that far exceeds the once already known today in designmethodology.

The research activities of the first period merge into four focalpoints:1 | Basic concepts: In essence, those include systematics of sys-tem adaption and self-optimization. This work is published in theHNI proceeding: FRANK, U.; GIESE, H.; KLEIN, F.; OBERSCHELP; O.;SCHMIDT, A.; SCHULZ, B.; VÖCKING, H.; WITTING, K.; GAUSEMEIER,J. (Hrsg.): Selbstoptimierende Systeme des Maschinenbaus – Definitionen und Konzepte. HNI-Verlagsschriftenreihe, Band 155,Paderborn, 2004.

2 | Architecture of self-optimizing systems: The focal pointhere is the so-called Operator-Controller-Module (OCM). Itextends the conventional control engineering by cognitive abi-lities and provides the fundamentals for the structuring of complex systems of mechanical engineering in the sense of a multiagent-system.

3 | Implemented assembly groups and systems: This work isbased on the research infrastructure of the “Neue BahntechnikPaderborn” that includes a test track, which is operating since2003. Assembly groups of autonomous vehicles (linear-drive-module, energy management and suspension- and tilt-module),as well as a convoy simulation are realized. This demonstratesthat self-optimization opens up remarkable potentials for bene-fits.

4 | Design methodology: By means of realized systems it isdemonstrated, how such self-optimizing systems are to bedesigned. Our focus was the domain-spreading design of a prin-ciple solution, for which no archetype exists, neither in the areaof mechatronics nor for self-optimizing systems of mechanicalengineering. Another focus was the modelling of software for the implementation of self-optimization.

With these results, the three hypotheses have been approved as an interim result. The results reflect an important milestone in terms of the long-term goals mentioned above.

http://www.sfb614.de

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Distinguished Research at the Heinz Nixdorf Institute 15

Information Systems like the physical Internet, the WorldWide Web, telecommunication networks, mobile ad-hoc net-works, or peer-to-peer networks have reached a level thatputs them beyond our ability to deploy them, manage them,and keep them functioning correctly through traditionaltechniques. Reasons for this are their sheer size with millionsof users and interconnected devices and their dynamics; theyevolve dynamically over time, i.e., components change or areremoved or inserted permanently. For such systems, we haveto abandon the goal of global optimality.

The objective of the DELIS project therefore is to developself-regulating and self-repairing mechanisms that, on theone hand, are decentralized, scalable, and adapt to changesin their environments. On the other hand, these decentralizedmechanisms have to lead to a globally acceptable behaviour,avoiding undesirable or unstable situations.

We believe that the combination of insights from statisti-cal physics, market mechanisms, and biological and socialbehaviour with advanced algorithmic research in ComputerScience is the right combination of expertise necessary todevelop methods, techniques, and tools to cope with suchchallenges imposed by large scale information systems, andto contribute to the world-wide effort in complex systemsresearch towards understanding the principles necessary tomanage such systems.

The European Integrated Project DELIS “Dynamically Evolving

Large-scale Information Systems”

Goals of DELIS are:

1. To understand the structure, self organization, and dynamics of large scale information systems like the internet, the WorldWide Web, peer-to-peer systems, with support of methods from statistical physics.

2. To provide methods, techniques and tools for controlling and optimizing such systems, using, among others, large scale optimization techniques and inspirations from biology.

3. To apply methods from market mechanism and game theory in order to understand and to organize the competition of factors in the system for resources like bandwidth, computingpower, data etc.

4. To demonstrate the capabilities of our methods, techniques and tools in two application areas of high scientific and economic impact:

– a management platform for telecommunication networksthat integrates the wide range of current and future dataformats and services, and

– a decentralized, self-organizing Web search engine based on a peer-to-peer architecture, where peers collaborate inorder to answer search request with higher result qualitythan current centralized search engines.

To accomplish this work, we have set up a consortium of 19 insti-tutions from 11 European countries, led by Prof. Dr. FriedhelmMeyer auf der Heide, who presents the Paderborn site togetherwith Prof. Dr. Burkhard Monien and Prof. Dr. Odej Kao. The projectstarted in January 2004.

http://delis.upb.de

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The Heinz Nixdorf Institute is intensively committed to the train-ing and education of students and graduate students studying fortheir doctorates with the aim of giving them the start they needto shape the future. A very special feature of the Heinz NixdorfInstitute is the close interaction between information science,natural science, engineering science and economics as well asaspects of social and cultural sciences. This interaction takes placewithin the framework of more than 170 assistant and doctoratepositions in the Heinz Nixdorf Institute. Our dedication to pro-moting a new generation is expressed in particular in the twograduate colleges, the leading involvement of the Heinz NixdorfInstitute in the first International Graduate School at the Univer-sity of Paderborn as well as in our commitment to developinginnovative services for improving the training infrastructure.

Graduate College

The Heinz Nixdorf Institute has been operating graduate collegessince 1992 with the aim of offering a learn- and research am-biance to graduators, which will allow them a graduation within a period of two to three years. After first graduate college “ParallelComputer Networks in Production Technology” under the man-agement of Prof. Dr. Meyer auf der Heide finished in 2001 afternine years' sponsorship by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(DFG), the second graduate college “Automatic Configuration inOpen Systems” startet its work after a successful application atthe DFG.

It is run under the management of Prof. Dr. Rückert and issponsored by the Heinz Nixdorf Institute itself as well as by DFG.The plan is for up to 17 scholarship holders to work closely withthe two existing Collaborative Research Centres at the Heinz Nix-dorf Institute in the framework of the second college, i.e. SFB 376“Massively Parallel Computing: Algorithms, Design Methods, Appli-cations” and SFB 614 “Self-Optimizing Concepts and Structures ofMechanical Engineering”.

The interdisciplinary work in the college together with thetechnical specialization of the individual faculties offer graduatesa considerable advantage and significantly increase the quality ofthe scientific work.

Commitment to support young Researcher

Heinz Nixdorf Ins

Graduate Coll

Int. Graduate School: http

Notebook University: h

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Commitment to support young Researcher 17

International Graduate School

The International Graduate School “Dynamic Intelligent Systems”,which was founded in autumn 2001, is one of six institutions sup-ported by the state of North Rhine-Westphalia to promote topyoung specialists in natural sciences areas. Highly qualified gradu-ates can study strategically for their doctorate within a three-yearperiod in the framework of a course of doctorate studies, motiva-ted by intensive support. In the framework of this NRW program,the International Graduate School “Dynamic Intelligent Systems”is the only institution involved in the area of application-orientedIT. An interdisciplinary approach, internationality and excellenceare the trademarks of the institution, managed scientifically byProf. Dr. Schäfer. The International Graduate School makes a sig-nificant contribution to the development of the OWL region andPaderborn as a scientific site.

Research at the English-speaking institution focuses on theenhanced development of dynamically linked systems. Such sys-tems are characterized by the replacement or modification ofsoftware and hardware during their operational phase.

Eight professors from the Heinz Nixdorf Institute and anothereight professors from the University of Paderborn coached in theyear under review 49 students from 13 countries. At the end ofthe year the first students submitted their PhD-theses in duetime.

Within the International Graduate Program (IPP) of the Ger-man Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) and the GermanResearch Foundation (DFG), the International Graduate School hasbeen supported as a center of scientific excellence since 2002. Thecompanies DaimlerChrysler, Hella, Siemens and Unity cooperatewith the International Graduate School and finance some PhD-projects.

Notebook University

Apart from institutional activities, the Heinz Nixdorf Institute incooperation with the University of Paderborn supports the changefrom a configuration-oriented to a service-oriented infrastructure.A key aspect of this is the project sponsored in the framework ofthe promotion and development program “New Media in Educa-tion - Notebook University”, i.e. “Uni-Mobilis: Mobile use of infra-structures to promote learning through the setting up of a consis-tent service infrastructure” under the project management ofProf. Dr. Keil-Slawik. The project focuses on the comprehensiveand consistent use of digital media with the aim of achieving anew level of quality in training. This combination of qualityimprovement and rationalization demands the setting up of a ser-vice infrastructure, which in a sense is uncharted territory for theUniversity of Paderborn, but on the other hand allows it to con-solidate its existing commitment to being a “University of theInformation Society” and elevates it to a new level of develop-ment.

Overall, the four application areas of economics, mechanicalengineering, chemistry and chemical engineering, as well asmathematics and information science are involved in the wide-scale implementation.

Heinz Nixdorf Institute: http://wwwhni.upb.de/

Graduate College: http://wwwhni.upb.de/gk/

Int. Graduate School: http://www.upb.de/graduateschool/

Notebook University: http://hrz.upb.de/uni-mobilis/

stitute: http://wwwhni.upb.de/

lege: http://wwwhni.upb.de/gk/

tp://www.upb.de/graduateschool/

http://hrz.upb.de/uni-mobilis/

HNI_2004_03_17_GB 14.02.2005 10:59 Uhr Seite 17


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Workgroup Portraits 19

Workgroup Portraits Workgroup Portraits

HNI Workgroups

Producing Economically in Germany Tomorrow


Recognizing and Exploiting Success Potentials of Tomorrow

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jürgen Gausemeier

Cooperative Knowledge Organization – Orientation in Diversity


High Performance = Innovative Computer Systems + Efficient Algorithms

Prof. Dr. math. Friedhelm Meyer auf der Heide

Distributed Embedded Real-Time Systems Become Manageable

Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Franz Josef Rammig

Microelectronics – Key Technology and Challenge


With Creativity to Innovation


Reaching New Magnitudes Through the Efficient Use of Parallel and

Distributed Systems


Integrated Optics in Lithium Niobate


Reflection on Science

and Technology


Thinking and Language

Prof. Dr. phil. hist. Manfred Wettler

Networking Strategies

Dipl.-Inform. Markus Hohenhaus

Business Computing, especially CIM

Computer Integrated Manufacturing



Design of Distributed Embedded Systems



Parallel Computing

Applied Physics/Integrated Optics

Philosophy of Science

and Technology

Cognitive Psychology


Associated

Workgroups

HNI_2004_18_89_GB 14.02.2005 11:09 Uhr Seite 19

Workgroup20

Producing Economically in Germany TomorrowProf. Dr.-Ing. habil. Wilhelm Dangelmaier

Customer E

Inventory Supplier I

Inventory Supplier II

Inventory Supplier III

Inventory Manufacturing I

Manufacturing Level II

Customer A

Customer B

Customer C

Customer D

Inventory Supplier IV

Capacity

ManufacturingLevel I

Inventory Manufacturing

Level I

Business Computing,

especially CIM

Enterprises will still produce in Germany tomorrow, if pro-duction, procurement and selling processes meet highestdemands for effectiveness and efficiency. This developmentcomprises the increase in product quality as well as evershorter delivery and turn-around times. In this connection it is necessary to develop innovative procedures which enableenterprises to advance to a status possible today.

Business Computing

http://wwwhni.upb.de/cim/

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Business Computing, especially CIM 21

Our teachings pursue the objective to showthe student coherences between goods andprocurement markets, the structure andworkflow of an organization, between prod-uct and production forms as well as theprinciples of thinking in a system and therealization of an innovative solution in thefields of information technology.

Guaranteeing the Competitive

Position for Tomorrow too

Our objective: Strengthening and guaran-teeing the competitive position of an enter-prise on a long-term basis. Therefore, thespecialized group deals with all technical-economic problems arising during thedesign of customer-producer-supplier networks and the realization of company-internal and inter-company production andlogistics processes, which can be brought toa solution by means of an innovative infor-mation technology.

Our thinking is process-oriented, i.e. ori-entation by the work production process.The analysis of weak points, the testing ofsolution approaches, the optimization ofseparate processes, workflows and networkscan be managed with the help of our tools,beginning with the conception of a workproduction network up to the implementa-tion of a logistics control system or an e-Commerce solution. Especially for this rea-son our work was honoured with the Ger-man science prize for logistics. We developsolutions offering decisive competitiveadvantages.

More efficient working processes reducecosts and at the same time bring higherbenefit for the customer. We are a solutionprovider as well as a supplier of technology.Our partners are in particular the industryas well as service and logistics enterprises.Against this background we are working onthe following focal points of research:

• supply chain management – optimizationof company-internal and inter-companysupply chains

• customer & sales management – concepts and systems for customer-oriented enterprises

• logistics for production and services –consultation and solutions for the opti-mization of industrial business processes

Dangelmaier, W.; Warnecke, H.-J.: Fertigungslenkung. Planung und Steuerung des Ablaufs der diskreten Fertigung. Berlin: Springer 1997.

Busch, A.; Dangelmaier, W.:

Integriertes SupplyChain Management.

Wiesbaden: Gabler 2004.

Dangelmaier, W.: Fertigungsplanung.Planung von Aufbau und Ablauf derFertigung – Grundlagen, Algorithmenund Beispiele. 2. Auflage. Berlin: Springer 2001.

Helmke, S., Dangelmaier, W.,

Uebel, M.: Effektives Customer

Relationship Management.

Wiesbaden: Gabler 2003.

Dangelmaier, W.; Kaschula, D.;

Neumann, J.(Hrgs.): Supply-Chain-Mana-

gement in der Automobilund Zulieferindustrie.Paderborn: ALB-HNI-

Verlagsschriftreihe 2004.

Dangelmaier, W.: Produktion und Information, System und Modell. Berlin: Springer 2003.

HNI_2004_18_89_GB 14.02.2005 11:10 Uhr Seite 21

Supported byHNI Graduate College

Workgroup22

OOpus SSPP: Strategic Location and Production Planning

Contact:Dipl.-Wirt. Inf. Clemens KrieselE-mail: [email protected]: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 96Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 82

http://www.hni.upb.de/cim

The selection of location structure alter-natives (SSA) in one scenario is done by aheuristic, which cuts down the solution setand searches good alternatives within theremaining solutions, specifically based onrules.

Between the scenarios there are coordi-nation processes to handle the scenariotree.

Main components of the system are thedatabase, in which demand values andresults can be stored, the three layered opti-mization modules and interfaces for dataimport and visualisation of the results.

The system does not only help tochoose, when and which new locationbecomes necessary and so aiding with thedecision of the company development, butit also proposes optimized capacities for allproduction entities.

The insecurities of the future certainlycannot be fully eliminated, but there aredevelopments, that can be shown. Thesedevelopments are weighted with probabili-ties and equipped with optimised capacities.This helps with the decision, because theeffects of decisions can be validated againstalternative future developments and anvery good decision alternative is proposed.

OOpus SSPP is aiming to handle the uncer-tainties that exist because of the long-termcharacter of company location decisions. Inpractice, a static view on location-problemsis often used. The result is a suboptimal fac-ulty-network in the future. This should bechanged by the use of OOpus SSPP.

To get reliable results of the companystructure, one must regard the products,which are produced at the locations inalternative scenarios and the productionresources, which must be provided. There-

fore the capacity planning task isan essential part of the com-

pany structure planning.OOpus SSPP is not only

about choosing one singlelocation, but regards thewhole company structureand the possible struc-tures, finally resulting inopening or closing loca-tions. That implies thatthe production structuresmust be planned, depend-

ing on the demand ofproducts. Not only locations

must be considered, thetransportation, storage and pro-

duction facilities have to be dimensioned,too.

Additional there is a scenario tree, simi-lar to a decision tree, in which the possibledevelopments of the future are described.With this tree alternative, the future can bemodelled and calculated, which is impor-tant to get a long term view to plan strate-gically.

The integrated capacity planning andthe assignment of areas to the productionstructures are solved with mixed integerprogramming and optimization. The costs ofproduction, transportation, storage, loca-tions, and single areas are minimized; theprofit is to be maximized.

Example of a scenario tree

System architecture

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The development of this simulator isclosely tied up actual research projects(DFG-Project BAMSI) for the purpose ofapplying actual achievements from theresearch projects to the simulator develop-ment early. In order to be capable of inte-grating the continuous demands from thepractice into the system, the available pro-totype is verified and validated, parallel toits further development in practical applica-tion by industry partners.

The design of manufacturing processdemands various technologies. Besides thetraditional technologies, simulation ofmaterial flow and especially its visualizationcome to the fore. Only the involvement ofthree dimensional data can already enableparallel design of layout and logistic work-flow. The transport time, resulted fromchanges of layout, can be identified direct-ly; therefore expensive errors of design canbe eliminated. In a three dimensional worldusers comprehend processes intuitively, sothat optimization potentialities can be dis-covered earlier than in a traditional way.

Though huge simulation models aregenerally designed and carried out byteams, however current software tools don’toffer any supporting functionality formulti-users. Another drawback is visualiza-tion quality for virtual reality scenarios,which is hardly achieved by a lifelikeimpression. In any case, operators or viewerscan not conduct any interaction with modelduring a simulation experiment; thereforethey are definitely not integrated as anautonomous object in the whole process.With d3 FACT insight, the workgroup Busi-ness Computing, esp. CIM has developed anew material flow simulator, which enablesthe design and adeptness of simulationmodels in a complete integrated 3D-envi-ronment. Since simulation projects are nor-mally developed in a team, this system sup-ports multi-users also both in modeling andvisualization sides.

Modular construction of system promis-es a simple integration of available datainto the whole system. Consistent storageof data allows centralized administration ofall needed data for simulation and visual-ization.

User, an immersive component of thesystem, will be recognized and consideredas an autonomous Object in 3D-visualiza-tion. During a simulation experiment, theuser can exert interactive influence. Forexample, a parameter of a model compo-nent can be modified by a user during theexecution of a simulation experiment.Thereby a more realistic impression to thesystem is achieved without the systemoperated in the reality.

d3 FACT insightAn immersive simulator of 3D material flow with multi-user support

Modules of d3 FACT insight

Contact:Dipl.-Wirt. Inf. Christoph Laroque

E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 25

Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 82

Dipl.-Inform. Bengt MueckE-mail: [email protected]

Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 50Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 82

M.Sc. Kiran MahajanE-mail: [email protected]

Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 49Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 82


Supported byDFG program

“modeling of production”NRW Graduate School

arvato logistics services

HNI_2004_18_89_GB 14.02.2005 11:10 Uhr Seite 23

Workgroup24

Prime costs of products are mainly causedby accumulation of material flow costs andlogistics costs. Thereby the warehouse anddistribution logistics take a prominent posi-tion within the intra- and interplant mater-ial flow chain. Taking into account, that twothird of the entire costs of logistics of acompany are allotted to the warehouse, itgets clear expeditiously, that these costsdefinitive influence the company’s competi-tiveness.

Within the context of a cooperativeproject between Siemens Logistics andAssembly Systems (L & A), as the leader inmaterial handling automation, postalautomation and electronics assembly sys-tems, and the workgroup Business Comput-ing, esp. CIM, the worldwide first pickingapplication, supported by an AugmentedReality-System, was originated at the HeinzNixdorf Institute.

Reasons for productivity loses duringpicking activities, which persecute the prin-ciple “men to work” are typically founded insuboptimal picking routes, delays forsearching the right goods or storage andpicking errors at the removal. The solution,which was developed within the context ofthis research project, is exactly focusingthese weak points.

The Augmented Reality system allows toenhance the view on the real environmentby adding computer generated visual andacoustical information and has to observeand analyses the environment or the cho-sen focus of the user. This solution enablesa support of the picking personal and – as a

Acceleration of processes and reduction oferrors by means of Augmented Picking

View of a picker during the unloading of a storage compartment

result of it – reduces the error risk andtimes of commission significantly. For that,the picking person is equipped with aminiature camera, video glasses and a radiokeyboard, which is fixed to his wrist. Similarto the Voice Picking method, both hands arefree for picking goods.

The actual pick list, written informationof articles for the current pick position aswell as a photo of the article are extrapo-lates and insert into the picture, which isprojected onto the video glasses. Thisreduces the risk of drawing wrong articlesand helps to recognize incorrect storeditems

As soon as a store-base, which is labeledwith an Augmented Reality tag, appears inthe field of view for the current picking-position, it will be emphasized by a coloredbordering and a hint tone. This enables afaster and reliable identification of thestock ground and leads to a reduction ofpicking times and an increasing of processreliability. After taking goods, the pickingperson confirms the taken amount or feedscorrections into the system by using thewrist keyboard. Afterwards the picking per-son goes to the next position or takes thecollected items to a collection point. As anaid to orientation it’s possible for the pick-ing person to insert a sketch of the ware-house, which shows the last and next posi-tion. This event is dynamical to the dealingof the pick list.

The possibilities of using the AugmentedReality in the context of the picking arenearly unchanged transferable to otherbusiness processes. Thus, the track opti-mized navigation, the Augmented Realitysupported stock ground finding, the com-partment and product information areapplicable both for stock, remove or trans-fer processes and for physical inventorycounts. Similar Augmented Reality scenariosare realizable for tasks within the goodsreception, goods issue, packing, quality con-trol or warehouse administration.

Contact:Dipl.-Inform. Werner FrankeE-mail: [email protected]: +49 (0) 5251|60 69 13Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 82


Supported bySiemens Dematic

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Isolated solutions for each planning area, a multitude of individual systems and per-sonalized processes prevent transparencyand thus flexibility in current planning andproduction. The software in project OOPUS-VW is developed to integrate planning andproduction control in engine manufactur-ing plants of the Volkswagen AG in Chem-nitz and Salzgitter. The goals of the project,besides planning optimization, are toenhance the transparency of processes, todecrease inventory, to shorten throughputtime as well as to increase adherence todelivery dates.

Being interlinked in various ways, linesof consecutive production stages are ofspecial significance. Besides directly con-nected lines, that serve a concurrent pro-duction, there are succeeding productionstages that are decoupled by buffers. At thesame time at every stage of production,planed demands arise from both planningof the following stages and from directneeds of customers. Planning algorithm hasto flexibly be customizable to fit differentpriority of diverse planning areas. In addi-tion to the consolidation of various solu-tions from different planning areas, datafrom diverse third-party systems has to inan aggregated way be transparently pre-sented and processed via a user interface

(UI). Therefore the system has to be sogeneric, that it is customizable in specialneeds of two different plants. Central com-ponents will be the new planning and con-trolling UIs. Planning on the basis of cumu-lated quantities allows a quick target-actu-al comparison, while manufacturing controlis based on a typical control station UI thatvisualizes manufacturing process across allproduction stages. Therefore problems inproduction development can be rapidlyidentified and various manual interventionsare also enabled to be carried out.

Having been embedded into the plantssystem environment of the Volkswagen AG,the system will be the central planning andcontrolling component of the engine man-ufacturing plants in Salzgitter and Chem-nitz. The primary challenge is the inconsis-tent system environment of both plants aswell as different degrees of manufacturingcomplexity. In addition, numerous moduleswill be designed to complement the systemfor the functionality of conventional Man-agement Information Systems (MIS), and toenable flexible adaptation of the system tochanges in production and IT.

Furthermore the workgroup BusinessComputing, esp. CIM supervises the imple-mentation and conducts training foremployees of Volkswagen AG.

Contact:Dipl.-Wirt. Ing. Daniel Kaschula

E-mail: [email protected]: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 61

Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 82


Program planning and production controlfor engine manufacturers

System integration in the existing architecture

Supported byVolkswagen AG

HNI_2004_18_89_GB 14.02.2005 11:10 Uhr Seite 25

Contact:Dipl.-Wirt.-Ing. Tobias GajewskiE-mail: [email protected]: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 89Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 82


Workgroup26

Reference model for After-Sales-Services

Arrangement framework of the reference model

In many companies the process of After-Sales-Services is only counted as cost driver,therefore it is accordingly much neglected.However the consequential input of struc-tured and goal-oriented After-Sales-Ser-vices could also guarantee even increasebusiness volume of offering company.Hence having worked with many industrypartners, a reference model is developedand serves companies as a ready-madesolution schema or general pattern todescribe business processes of After-Sales-Services and enable efficient coverage ofbusiness configuration problems in scope ofBest-Practice-Principles.

However the developed model playsneither a role as a truth-teller in respect ofverification or validation of assertion, noran identifier or judger of facts. It constructsa large area of possible (decisional) situa-tions and supports coverage of practicalproblem formations. For example in terms

of application field and adoption possibili-ties of Model, overhauling of a defectiveagrarian apparatus (such as combine har-vester) or the optimal installation locationof an amusing device is in a huge hall.

Starting basis and foundation of refer-ence model set up an arrangement frame-work, which provides the structure of modeland demonstrates an orientation offer forreference model users. The specifications ofattributes from the built arrangementframework are classified in a further stepand their coherences are represented inUnified Modeling Language (UML).

The arrangement framework is based onan assumption, that focusing on each orga-nization there is always a certain assign-ment, which serves a defined purpose andpursuits a concrete goal. The goal of anassignment is divided into a material and aformal goal. The material goal is goods andservices, while the formal goal shows, forexample, company goal of profit maximiza-tion or of market leadership. A before-eventinitiates actions, which can sequentially orin parallel affect the assignment object orcomprehend the status of assignmentobject. Each individual action can automat-ed or customized execute and will besequencing delivered inside of a dispositiontask. In consideration of the given materialand formal goals, the disposition taskdeduces service jobs basing on results ofeach individual action, if necessary as wellas more other actions. This process will runiteratively till successful realization of theassignment. In the end an after-event isachieved, which contains e.g. invoice pro-cessing or documentations and then buildsup an interface for disposition task of nextassignment.

The described coherences were verifiedin practice, and acknowledged applicationof reference model as effective tool for ori-entation and respectively adjustment ofbusiness processes of After-Sales-Services. Supported by

NRW Graduate School

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E-Learning portal for logistics

Contact:Dipl.-Wirt.-Ing. Andreas Emmrich


Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 82


User View of the logistic portal Administration view of the logistic portal

The quality of business operations, especial-ly in partially automated processes, dependsincreasingly on the qualification of theappointed employees. The applied systemsfor production planning and control, con-cerning the cross-functional customer ordermanagement, demand a holistic under-standing of the logistic coherences for pro-duction task's fulfillment. For successfulworking on a customized production orderthe knowledge about dependence betweenthe process flows becomes a critical compe-tition factor. The workgroup Business Com-puting, esp. CIM developed a logistics portalfor the company Knorr-Bremse fürSchienenfahrzeuge GmbH, which addressesthis problem efficiently.

Knorr-Bremse für SchienenfahrzeugeGmbH's advantages at the current marketare the large flexibility in realization of cus-tomer's wishes and highest quality of itsproducts. The starting point for the decisionto develop the logistics portal is founded bythe strategic reorientation of the enterprise.The goals of this reorientation are charac-terized by dealing with the individual cus-tomer's preferred date of delivery (increaseof deliverability), a high adherence to deliv-ery dates and the ability for complete sup-ply without increasing the internal stock,without diminishing the two first strategicpositions in their meaning. One of the iden-tified deficits for reaching these aims con-cerns the partially insufficient understand-ing of the employees for the logistic depen-dences between the departments from pur-chase to distribution during the customizedhandling of order; this deficit is to beerased in the context of a qualificationoffensive. After a detailed identification ofthe technical requirements, used methodsand tasks in distribution, manufacturingand purchase, a training portal for logisticsprocesses was developed. This portal doesn'tonly visualize and document the logisticmain processes; it also links the identifiedroles with documents for handling andtraining, that are necessary for the fulfill-ment of each task.

By means of the used technologies, therequirements for user-friendly administra-tion, multilingualness and the applicabilityfor different user groups can easily beimplemented. Additional, this innovativesolution differs from already available prod-ucts by its generic structure. This enables itto model any organization and processstructures, like the ones of profit-centers,self-responsible companies, strategic part-nerships in customer-distributor-networksor virtual company associations efficientlyby means of time and resources and to linkit with content and appropriate electronicresources.

Supported byKnorr Bremse AG

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Recognizing and Exploiting Success Potentials of TomorrowProf. Dr.-Ing. Jürgen Gausemeier

Workgroup28

Product and production process innovations are importantlevers for ensuring prosperity and employment in the future.Mechanical engineering and related areas, such as automo-tive industry, are playing a key role today. These sectors like-wise demonstrate the relevant success potentials of thefuture. It is essential to recognize these potentials early and to exploit them on time.

Computer Integrated

ManufacturingComputer Integrated Manufacturing

http://wwwhni.upb.de/rip/

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Computer Integrated Manufacturing 29

Produktinnovation – A handbook for the strategic planning and developmentof products of tomorrow; Carl HanserVerlag 2001

Szenario-Management – A handbook for creating scenarios and their implemen-tation in the management; Carl HanserVerlag 1996

Führung im Wandel – A handbook fordesigning production processes oftomorrow; Carl Hanser Verlag 1999

Four-level model of forward-looking management of industrial companies

Our spin-off UNITY AG is the first pointof contact when it comes to implementingthese services in practice. More than 120employees are pleased to assist you(http://www.unity.de).

The aim of our educational courses is togive our students a comprehensive overviewof modern industrial companies, to high-light the success potentials of the futureand to illustrate ways of achieving these.Our students get the competencies onwhich it depends in the industry tomorrow.

Creating Products Today for the

market of Tomorrow

Information has become the fourth largefactor of production. The wide-scale use ofinformation and communication technologynot only leads to increases in productivitybut also to the creation of new productsand new markets.

Our general goal is to increase competi-tiveness of industrial companies in theinformation age. With this in mind, wedevelop methods and procedures on thebasis of a four-level structure.

• Scenario level: At this level we antici-pate developments in markets and tech-nologies in order to recognize opportuni-ties early.

• Strategy level: At this level we de-velop business, product and technologystrategies in order to set the course of thecompany’s business success of tomorrow.

• Process level: This level involves thedesign of processes of services. In theforeground is the process from the pro-duct idea to the successful productlaunch. Therefore we offer a wide sys-tematics for the development and theproduction planning for mechatronicproducts.

• System level: IT systems are deployedat this level. These systems allow an effi-cient innovation management (product-and production data management) as wellas the analysis and simulation of productfeatures and production processes (virtualprototyping, virtual production).

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Workgroup30

Supported byWZM 20XXin the BMBF Program “Research for the production of tomorrow”; project executing organisation: Production and Manufacturing Technologies (PFT).

Project Partner:Fraunhofer Institut für Systemtechnik und Innovationsforschung (ISI)Verein Deutscher Werkzeugmaschinenfabriken e.V.(VDW)

Contact:Dipl.-Wirt.-Ing. Volker BingerE-mail: [email protected]

Dipl.-Wirt.-Ing. Guido StolltE-mail: [email protected]

Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 64Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 68

WZM 20XX – Initiative for tomorrow’s machine toolsBMBF-Cooperative project on the subject “new machine tools for the production of tomorrow“

Rapid reaction alone is not enough

The mechanical engineering industry whichcomprises mainly small and medium sized companies especially stands out by agility,i.e. by the ability to meet the demands ofthe market flexibly and quickly. But facingthe increasing complexity of products andthe constantly rising dynamics of innova-tion, the ability to be present with the rightperformance at the right time is notenough. Companies have to develop morestrategic competence, i.e. to identify futurepotentials and exploit them on time with-out giving up their typical agility.

Early identification of market and

technology developments

The machine tool industry is a very suc-cessful branch of the German engineeringindustry. Internationally, it ranks on top. To defend this leading position it is impor-tant to support a foresighted thinking. Theobjective of the cooperative project WZM20XX is the development of a scenario-based instrument for strategic planning.This instrument consists of a knowledgebase and a guideline for a systematic prog-nosis of the development of markets andbusiness areas.• The knowledge base includes technology

trends and extensively documented fac-tors which have an influence on thefuture business of the machine toolindustry.

• The guideline describes how coherentimages (scenarios) of future markets andrelevant business areas (competitors, suppliers, technology, economy/poli-tics/society) can be developed by usingthe knowledge base.

The process of strategic planning, which is displayed in the picture, is the scope ofaction. For the addressed task we apply thescenario technique. According to Kurt Son-theimer, the scenario technique is not usedto predict the future but to think it ahead.Scenarios describe future situations of mar-kets and business-environments into whichthe own business has to be positioned. Theydepend on a network of influence factors,whereas for each influence factor morethan one possible development can be con-sidered. A special benefit of the scenariotechnique is that a group of leading man-agers can come to a conjoint assessment ofthe future.

The knowledge base for experts

The derivation of significant scenariosdemands the access to information. Theprocurement of information is often time-consuming and expensive. The knowledgebase allows a quick access to all relevantinformation (influence factors, results fromDelphi-surveys, roadmaps etc.). Added withcompany-specific information the knowl-edge base enables an efficient and well-founded strategic planning. The actual sta-tus of the knowledge base can be retrievedon the online communication platform ofthe project (http://www.wzm-initiative.de).

Scenario-based instrument for strategic planning

Communication platform of the WZM-Initiative

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Integration of mechanics and electronicsBMBF-Cooperative project INERELA (Integrative development of spatial electronic assembly groups)

material as well as manufacturing processesand plants.

For the development and manufacturing of spatial electronic devices, the technologyMID (Molded Interconnect Devices) means a high potential. The advantages comparedto conventional circuit boards are the possi-bility of a three-dimensional design of circuit boards and the integration ofmechanical and electronical functions on asmall construction area. The high potentialof MID is made clear in the study “Chancesand barriers for the adoption of the tech-nology MID”, which was released by theHeinz Nixdorf Institute on behalf of the“Research Association Molded InterconnectDevices 3-D MID e.V.”

Supported byINERELA in the BMBF Program “Research for

the production of tomorrow”; project executingorganisation: Production and Manufacturing

Technologies (PFT)

Project Partner:Prof. Feldmann, FAPS, Erlangen

Prof. Wallaschek, Heinz Nixdorf Institut, PaderbornHARTING Electro-Optics GmbH & Co. KG, Espelkamp

Hella KG Hueck & Co., PaderbornHesse & Knipps GmbH, Paderborn

myview systems GmbH & Co. KG, Büren

Contact:Dipl.-Wirt.-Ing. Jan Stefan Michels

E-mail: [email protected]

Dipl.-Wirt.-Ing. Thomas PeitzE-mail: [email protected]

Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 62Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 68

Simplified reference process for the development of areal electronical assambly groups

Integrative concept development of a product and production system (here: part of the connector)

Many modern products of mechanical engineering are characterized by closeinteractions of mechanics and electronics.The challenge in developing correspondingdevices is the spatial and functional inte-gration. The main aim is a high density offunctions in small space. The interactionsbetween the electronic functionality andthe mechanical structure of the device haveto be identified and taken into account atan early stage. Furthermore, aspects ofmanufacturing have to be considered.

Within the joint project INERELA adevelopment environment has beendesigned which supports to integrate thedevelopment of spatial electronic devicesand the corresponding manufacturing sys-tems. The environment consists of a devel-opment process, a specification techniqueand a knowledge base.

Process model: The process model is aguideline for the realisation of developmentprojects. It describes precisely the phases,process steps and milestones which have tobe run through in the development process.Specification technique: The newly devel-oped specification technique allows specify-ing the solution concepts for the device and the manufacturing process. It describesthe solution concepts comprehensibly for all developers of the involved domains andsupports the communication of theseexperts.Knowledge base: The knowledge basewhich has been developed in this projectcontains comprehensive information aboutphysical effects, solution elements and basic

Opto-electronical connector system byHarting Electro-Optics

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Is the product development fit

enough?

For many companies, the product develop-ment efficiency is an outstanding successfactor. The increasing complexity of pro-ducts, which is commonly expressedthrough a close interaction of mechanics,electronics and software engineering, thehigh innovation dynamics and the newoptions of information technology applica-tions by design activities such as simulation,virtual prototyping and digital plant, pose agreat challenge for product development.As well, the product development has to beenhanced to be up to date. But what is up

to date and in which rea-sonable steps can this beachieved? Such questionscan be answered with theguidance of our method“Development-Bench-mark”. This method isbased on a large numberof industrial and researchprojects on performanceimprovement of the pro-duct development.

Our Proceeding:

The basic idea is the Capability MaturityModel (CMM), which is widespread in soft-ware development. Our approach can becustomized to the needs of a certain com-pany, i.e. the product development is sup-posed to achieve such a performance level,which is essential for an accomplishment ofbusiness goals. Exceeding this would meana dissipation of resources. The figure on theright shows our proceeding: It is systematicand comprehensible.

At the beginning, the goals of theexamined product development have to beidentified. They result from the businessstrategy; in many cases they are alreadystated in the Balanced Scorecard. The nextstep is to determine the performanceimprovement levers, which come from theareas of action, Man, Organisation andTechnique. As there is a great amount ofpossibilities to choose, it is important toidentify the key levers. For each lever, thereare different characteristics, quasi perfor-mance stages of the lever. It is comprehen-sible that in an interconnected system it is

Development-Benchmark MechatronicA new method for performance evaluation and improvement of thedevelopment of mechatronic systems

not possible to position all key levers onmaximum level at the same time, as thiswould overextend the product development.At this point, the development budget isanother limitation.

The main attraction of our method isthat we are able to find advantageous com-binations of key levers – so called profiles(left figure), by using consistency analysis.Then the issue is to arrange these combina-tions in such a way on time axis, that arational and evolutionary approach resultswhich leads the development from theactual situation to the target profile repre-senting the “Best Practice”.

The Academy of Mechatronics:

For many years the Heinz Nixdorf Instituteis engaged in the education and training inthe field of Mechatronics. We were able touse the made experiences to guide thedevelopment of the new VDI-Guideline2206 “Design methodology for mechatronicsystems”. The Academy of Mechatronics(http://www.mechatronik-akademie.de) pro-vides a modular advanced training for prac-titioners that combines theory and practiceand can be adjusted to specific companyrequirements.

Contact:Dipl.-Wirt.-Ing. Daniel SteffenE-mail: [email protected]: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 61Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 68

Dipl.-Wirt.-Ing. Christoph WenzelmannE-mail: [email protected]: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 65Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 68

Model of proceeding for the performance evaluationand the improvement of product development

Development stages as consistent combinations of the lever-characteristics from the areas ofaction, Man, Organisation and Technique

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ISILEIT Integrative specification of distributed control systems in flexiblyautomated manufacturing

Subject matter and purpose

Flexible manufacturing systems are complexmechatronic systems. The software develop-ment is to be advanced along with thehardware development (mechanics andelectronics). But the correctness of the soft-ware can only be verified, if the hardware isset up first. The identification and elimina-tion of software errors after the manufac-turing system has been set up extends thedevelopment process and increases costs.

The purpose of the ISILEIT project is todevelop an integrated method for thedesign, the analysis and the validation ofdistributed manufacturing control systems.For this, relevant parts of the establishedspecification techniques UML and SDL havebeen combined. To validate this method asoftware tool was developed which sup-ports all phases of the development processfor flexible manufacturing systems.

The gradual design of a manufac-

turing control system

At first, the topology of the flexible manu-facturing system, especially the part of thematerial flow system, is specified with agraphical layout editor. From the specifica-tion of the topology a model of the materi-al flow hardware and its behaviour is gener-ated in an automatic transformation. Thedescriptions of the material flow compo-nents are stored in a library and are usedfor the transformation.

In the next phase the control software isspecified. The control software reads theinformation via sensors, processes them andinfluences the hardware by means of actua-tors. So, the software is specified on thebasis of hardware characteristics, i.e. actua-tors and sensors.

The specifications of hardware, hard-ware behaviour and software are formalmodels. These models are the basis formodel-checking and an automated codegeneration. Model-checking can be used toverify, if a system can reach forbiddenstates. The code generation provides exe-cutable code for the hardware model andsoftware model. So, the code for the hard-ware model simulates the hardware of themanufacturing system and the generatedcontrol software controls the simulation.The advantage of this analysis and valida-

tion is that software errors can be identifiedand eliminated at an early stage withoutthe plant being actually set up.

Ramp-up with augmented reality

For the real manufacturing system the con-trol software is generated, transmitted tothe control systems and executed. To sup-port the ramp-up of the manufacturingsystem, an augmented reality applicationhas been implemented, which displays theinterrelations within the active structuredriven by information processing in the realsystem. The different states of the systemare visualised online and in real time. Thissupports the elimination of the remainingerrors of the system.

This method accelerates the develop-ment of flexible manufacturing systems,reduces the costs and increases the qualityof the results.

Application of augmented reality in the flexible manufacturingsystem: Visualisation of various states during a turning opera-tion of a switch (Computer-generated information: Statechartof the control software, pneumatic cylinder and inductive prox-imity sensor)

Supported byISILEIT, German Research Association (DFG)

Project Partner:Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Franz Josef Rammig

Prof. Dr. Wilhelm Schäfer Universität Paderborn

Contact:Dipl.-Wirt.-Ing. Raimund Eckes


Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 43Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 68

Topology specification of a flexible material flow system by means of a

graphical layout editor (FASTEC GmbH)

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Mobile augmented reality experimental platformUse of augmented reality for the examination of the vehicle ergonomics

Task

Today, high-quality vehicle ergonomics rep-resent an essential factor for the success ofa vehicle model. For the interpretation andcheck of the ergonomics a variety of meth-ods and tools is available. Furthermore, thesubjective sensation of the driver plays animportant role so that examinations areinevitable to a real prototype. Today, theseare carried out at real 1:1 models, so-called“seat box” (a model of the interior of anautomobile). The construction or customisa-tion of a real seat box is time-intensive andexpensive. An alternative is the constructionof a virtual seat box by using the technolo-gy virtual reality (VR). On the basis of 3D-CAD data of the new vehicle the construc-tion of virtual seat boxes is faster and morecompetitive.

The application is stationary in a laboratory;a real test run in real surroundings can onlybe adapted by 3D simulation. The technolo-gy augmented reality (AR) offers new possi-bilities. AR is a new form of interactionbetween man and technology. Here, theuser will be shown computer-generatedinformation like 3D models, drawings ortexts (see picture) by a head-mounted-dis-play. The injection of the informationalways happens contextually so, e.g. a virtu-al tool is displayed at the real screwsdepending on the respective position andthe perspective of the viewer. AR also per-mits to replace real vehicle components bydisplayed virtual components. This enables acompetitive mixed prototyping of real andvirtual vehicle components.

Mobile AR-experimental platform

In cooperation with VOLKSWAGEN NUTZ-FAHRZEUGE a mobile augmented realityexperimental platform will be developed,which combines the advantages of real andvirtual prototypes to a mixed prototyping(see picture). Basis of this platform is a realvehicle without interior equipment, pillarsand roof. Roofs are replaced by newlydeveloped virtual components, which theuser can see by a 3D head-mounted-display.The virtual components will be generatedfrom the 3D CAD data available. By meansof an ultrasonic tracking system position,perspective and movements of the driverwill be recorded constantly. By these data,the correct position and size of the virtualcomponents will be calculated in real time.The use of a real vehicle, as a basis of the

AR experimental platform,permits, in addition to sta-tionary examinations, realtest runs with new vehiclecomponents that are still inplanning.

So, the sight conditionsout of the vehicle can beexamined and optimised indue time.

Project Partner:Volkswagen NutzfahrzeugePackage and Concept DevelopmentProf. Dr.-Ing. H. Oehlschlaeger

Contact:Dipl.-Ing. Rafael RadkowskiE-mail: [email protected]

Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 28Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 68

AR-scenario: The repair instructions are shown to the worker

Mobile augmented reality experimental platform Driver’s view of the augmented console

Supported byAR-based Prototyping in the vehicle development

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written and sent. The visitor dives into avirtual computer, reaches into the inside ofthe computer and thus to the so-calledmain board. The main board consists ofall essential components: theprocessor, the main storage, thegraphics card, etc. But thedata, which are processed inthe computer, aren't visiblehere. For this reason anabstraction level was cho-sen, the Von-Neumann-model. From the Von-Neumann-level the visitor is ableto explore independently, how the e-mail will be converted in the In/Out to bytesand then, how it will be processed in thecomponents register array, control unit andarithmetic logic unit.

Now the e-mail is processed in thecomputer and can be sent via Internet. Atthe workstation computer network thevisitor can see a virtual globe, which isembraced by a stylised Internet. It is possi-ble to follow the way of the e-mail andexplore which stations are passed by e.g.mail server, firewall or router in order toreach the recipient.


VR/AR at education and training“A visit inside a computer” explains, how a computer and the Internet work

How are data processed in the computeractually? Why can a computer calculate sofast? What happens in the tiny processor?And how works the Internet? These andmany other questions are answered by theproject “a visit inside a computer” in a newand understandable way. The technologiesVirtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality(AR) make this possible.

The e-mail is the thread through theexhibit. The visitor is asked to write an e-mail, to send it and to observe it up to thereceiver. On this journey he learns how acomputer and the Internet work.

Essential parts of the exhibit

There is a basic requirement to be able tosend an e-mail: an operating computer. Firstof all, the visitor configures a computer inthe AR laboratory. Which components do I have to use? Where do they have to beinstalled and how do I have to proceed? Anew interaction device supports the visitor:the VARI. If he looks on the monitor of theVARI, he sees the individual componentslying in front of him, like looking through awindow. By augmented reality the visitorsees in real space computer-generatedinformation, such as figures, texts, videos.So, it is possible to configure the computerand to learn more about the componentswithout previous knowledge.

Now the computer is configured. At thecomputer workstation the e-mail can be

Workstation computer networks – The visitor can see a virtual globe, which is embraced by a stylised Internet. Here, the stations from sender to recipient of an e-mail arevisualised.

Visualisation of a real computer

Change the e-mail in the In/Out in theVon-Neumann-model

The Internet inthe overview

Informationinquiry

Storing the e-mail in the workingmemory in the Von-Neumann-model

Visualisation of a main board

Computer work station – The visitor sees a virtual computer. Diving into the computer, he reaches the Von-Neumann-model via the main board.

VARI: New interactionequipment for VR andAR surroundings.

Supported byBIC: Stiftung Westfalen

Project Partner:Heinz Nixdorf MuseumsForum, Paderborn

Festo Corporate Design, Esslingen

Contact:Dipl.-Wirt.-Ing. Ute Brüseke


Dipl.-Ing. Raphael WortmannE-mail: [email protected]

Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 27Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 68

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Cooperative Knowledge Organization – Orientation in DiversityProf. Dr.-Ing. Reinhard Keil-Slawik


Workgroup36

http://iug.uni-paderborn.de/

With the universal accessibility of the Internet, IT technologyis brought to a new quality: Instead of allowing only entwinedone-way communication – as it has been typical for tradition-al media – now objects and knowledge assets can be createdand edited cooperatively. Along with this development, newforms of knowledge accumulation (the Wikipedia, e.g.) andpublicly funded initiatives have been established to guaranteethat knowledge is open to the public (such as Open Access).The research group Computers and Society contributes tothese new developments with concepts, new technologiesand their theoretical foundations.


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Computers and Society 37

With the increasing presence of networksand mobility rendered possible by IT tech-nologies, matters of contextualisation ofcomputer systems and the development of orientational knowledge in an ever morecomplex world of information come to the fore. This trend conforms to the orien-tation of the research areas Computers and Society:– theoretically by specifying of fundamen-

tal concepts such as interaction and media functions that prove necessary for the description of the characteristic usagequalities of Wikis, WebLogs or virtual knowledge spaces;

– conceptually by extending classical client-server architectures with aspects of mobile ad-hoc networks; here, research on trans-server object identity and the synchronisation of distributed virtual knowledge spaces are in the focus;

– technically by an ongoing development ofthe opensTeam platform, which is now being used at several universities and alsoforms the technical foundation for the University of Paderborn’s and the Univer-sity of Qingdao’s joint study programme in mechanical engineering.

The combination of theoretical and concep-tual works with the development of techni-cal systems and their use under every-dayconstraints is a unique characteristic of theworkgroup in German speaking countries.Thus, our expertise is in great demand. E.g.,Prof. Keil-Slawik was appointed scientificdirector of the Education Quality ForumNRW in 2004 and speaker of the expertgroup on technology of the CeC (Center foreCompetence in Universities NRW). Togeth-er with Jun. Prof. Thorsten Hampel he wasappointed consultant of the technologicaldivision of the Virtual University of Bavaria.

During the last year, several perennialprojects were completed. Among these were“Lernstatt Paderborn”, an infrastructuralproject unique in size and functionality on aEuropean scale. This venture was based onexperiences made in the HNI’s DISCO (digi-tal infrastructure for computer supportedco-operative learning). A co-operation andcommunication platform that was devel-oped by our group within the regional edu-cational network bid-owl was integratedinto Lernstatt. This undertaking was fundedin part by the City of Paderborn’sFörderverein.

Another project successfully completedwas “QuIC – Qualification in Internet Cafésat schools” in co-operation with the localGoerdeler Gymnasium and the initiative“SaN Schulen ans Netz”. The approachdeveloped here – to remunerate mothersfor supervising the Internet Cafés in theafternoons by training them in computerliteracy – has now been transferred to otherschools across Germany.

We were also able to develop furtherother regional projects (e.g., bid-owl)and start new co-operations. Amongthese are the corporate networks“InnoZent OWL”, based in Paderborn,and “Maschinenbau OWL” (MechanicalEngineering OWL) based in Bielefeld.Together with these networks, a regionalplatform for cross-company co-opera-tive knowledge management will bedeveloped.

In a co-operation with Prof. JoachimLudwig of the University of Potsdam atransdisciplinary discourse on pedagog-ics and computer science was initiated.This enterprise has been funded by the“DIE – Deutsches Institut für Erwachse-nenbildung” in Frankfurt/Main. As aresult of the first successful workshop in Potsdam, it was decided to found aninterdisciplinary research group on“Educational Spaces – Virtual Knowl-edge Spaces” within the DFG. A furtherworkshop to be held in Paderborn isplanned.

One of the highlights in our coreresearch areas of software ergonomicsand e-learning were the organisation of the multidisciplinary conference“Mensch & Computer 2004” togetherwith “Deutsche eLearning Fachtagung”,under the scientific management ofProf. Engels, Prof. Keil-Slawik, and Prof.Szwillus in Paderborn. With more thanfour hundred participants, this was sofar the largest conference in Germanspeaking countries on these topics – a remarkable success for the HNI andPaderborn’s Institute of Computer Science.

Conference Proceedings “Mensch & Computer 2004”

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sTeam – “Structuring Information in a Team”Novel methods and technologies for the cooperative organisation of knowledge

Contact:Jun.-Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Thorsten HampelE-mail: [email protected]: +49 (0) 5251|60 65 22Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 14

http://www.open-steam.org

A year after the end of active support fromthe DFN association, Paderborn’s opensource project sTeam has made substantialprogress. Major results are the developmentof new supervision models in vocationaland advanced training, like the Jour-FixeConcept and necessary tools for spatialsemantic structuring of knowledge, theextension of the user adaptability, especial-ly in the integration of new program inter-faces and technologies, the adding of mod-ern web content capabilities and the grad-ual integration of available industrial stan-dards, particularly in the field of the decen-tralised user administration.

Due to “transsib”, a very stable serverversion that was introduced in spring 2004at the CeBit fair, we were able to intensifyaccompanying application contexts andattract numerous new users through thelast couple of years. Here, the creation of asimple high-performance appearance onthe user’s side as a key technology turnedout to be a substantial benefit. In this man-ner, the system offers synergies of webcontent management and other possibili-ties of high-capacity cooperation support-ing tools of E-Learning, based on publiclyavailable PHP or XSLT stylesheet technolo-gies.

In Paderborn, sTeam is intensely used bythe Department of Computer Science and acouple of institutes of the Faculty ofMechanical Engineering for web presence,internal cooperation and the exchange ofdocuments. The platform has also proved tobe useful for students in the area of organ-isation, and free and open arrangement oftheir practical trainings. sTeam is also usedin the university’s didactics group and to agreat extent in the media studies faculty,e.g. in the course “media pedagogicalaspects of E-Learning”. In this context, theuniversity didactics offer own courses con-cerning the utilisation of sTeam.

The centre of transfer of the Universityof Paderborn, uses adjusted sTeam tech-nologies in the project EXaM, to supportyoung scientists in founding spin-off com-panies.

The EU project “Dynamically EvolvingLarge-scale Information Systems (DELIS)”coordinates 19 European partners via theplatform, where novel mechanisms for the

structuring of operations during the cre-ation of documents are developed and test-ed.

At the University of Siegen, parts of thehumanities and department of culturalstudies intensely use sTeam to support dif-ferent teaching methods, partly in interna-tional cooperation contexts.

Like the faculty of Information Systemsat the University of Essen, the DecisionSupport & Operations Research Lab ofInformation Systems in Paderborn operatesits own sTeam servers since this autumn. Incooperation with several universities, theteaching management system Open SMT,has been ported to open source sTeamtechnology.

In autumn 2004, the realisation of thebid-owl platform – based on sTeam – wasfinished to a large extent. Bid-owl is aneffective and conferrable working andcommunication forum for schools on aregional basis. Through the expansion ofthe infrastructure within a school, a perma-nent availability of digital materials, its util-isation, spreading and cooperative process-ing is achieved.

The majority of examples shows, thatthe aim to develop and enlarge sTeam as aframework architecture and “building set”for the development of collaborative sys-tems for cooperative knowledge organisa-tion and E-Learning, from the support ofsophisticated processes of cooperativeworking up to a web based content man-agement, has been widely honoured.

Support of young scientists in founding spin-offcompanies

The sTeam system was tailored in appearance andfunctionality to comply with special requirementsof the DELIS project

Open SMT using sTeam as Backend

bid-owl offers access to learning materials over PHP and displays complex administration structures

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Contact:Jun.-Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Thorsten Hampel


Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 14

http://mb-s1.upb.de/steam-cdtf/

Zhengqi ( ) in the land of the dragon

Thorsten Hampel and Ferdinand Ferber present theE-Learning concept for the CDTF to the Chinesedelegation

Documents, written in Chinese and German language, in a common virtual knowledge-space

Since 1995 a close relationship in researchand education has come into existencebetween the Qingdao University of Scienceand Technology (QUST) in Qingdao/ Chinaand the University of Paderborn. This coop-eration, especially in the field of mechani-cal engineering, led to the foundation ofthe Chinese German Technical faculty(CDTF) under the leadership of Prof. Man-fred Pahl and Prof. Qingling Li. Today, about300 students are enrolled within the CDTFaccording to the German curriculum, inorder to achieve the Bachelor degree inmechanical engineering. During the studies,these students participate in German lan-guage classes and after the successfulgraduation of the TestDaF (Test for Germanas a foreign language), they come toPaderborn for a couple of semesters toattend -among other things- a practicaltraining in a German company.

This cooperation over a distance of12000 kilometres, brings along substantialproblems and tasks in managing infrastruc-ture and organisation. A multitude ofactors has to be coordinated, teachingmaterial must be administered and com-munication problems have to be solved inthis corporate teaching environment andinteractive exchange of lecturers and stu-dents. As multifaceted as the tasks thathave to be solved, is the potential of sup-port from the cooperation with methodsand systems of the common organisationof knowledge. To solve this, the faculty ofmechanical engineering and the faculty ofComputer Science developed novel con-cepts and solutions.

Documents in different languages haveto be administered in Chinese and German,a common user- and group administrationbetween Paderborn and Qingdao has to beestablished to transport and structure nec-essary information. One of the most impor-tant and most challenging requirements toa transcontinental and intercultural formof common teaching and research, is theconsideration of differences in learning dueto the different cultures. This does not leadto the question if Chinese students study ina different manner than German students,

but how a conceptual and architecturalbasis can be found, that helps to supportdifferent didactic models starting from thesupervision of plain remote-lectures toforms of Blended Learning, up to supportof presence-lecture in a research andlearning environment.

In spring of 2004 Thorsten Hampelfrom the Heinz Nixdorf Institute and Ferdi-nand Ferber, from the faculty of mechani-cal engineering, were already able to pre-sent a first concept called “zhengqi” ( )in Qingdao. This concept supports thecooperation based on virtual knowledge-spaces. Xu Li Xun, an E-Learning agent ofCDTF, visited the work group computersand society and cooperative medias inPaderborn this august, to advance andrealise the aim of the concept. The centralchallenge within this task was to efficientlybring Chinese and German learning con-tents together in the virtual knowledgespaces. With the following visitation ofDaniel Büse, collaborator of the HNI andthe faculty of mechanical engineering, inSeptember 2004, it was possible to setup afirst sTeam based collaborative server andto integrate the server in the infrastructurenetwork of the CDTF. With the decision ofthe CDTF curatorship, to focus on sTeam-based solutions for cooperation, communi-cation, and as common information space,experts and working groups from Pader-born and Qingdao will be intensely workingtogether in the next several months.

The CDTF E-Learning Server in Qingdao is opened tothe public by Daniel Büse and Xu Li Xun

Supported byDAAD, Fakultät für Maschinenbau

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Lernstatt PaderbornAll Schools Under a Single Roof

Computers are an every-day medium in the Lernstatt Paderborn

puting centre (GKD Paderborn) in order torelieve teachers from those tasks. The GKDis responsible for running the network con-necting the schools which is built on Pader-born’s educational network (PBBN) provid-ing a broadband connection via the city’straffic light control network. The networkwithin the schools extends the connectionto all class rooms where low-maintenanceultra-thin clients are at the hands of pupilsand teachers. The configuration within theclass rooms was designed according to thee-nitiative.nrw’s recommendations for theequipment of class rooms with so-calledmedia corners. Computer class rooms insecondary schools complement this equip-ment.

The realisation was coordinated by aproject group consisting of members fromthe City of Paderborn, the GKD, localschools and teachers, the Regional Commis-sion Detmold, the University of Paderborn,and Sun Microsystems. Thus, it was possibleto adequately account for the concerns andrequirements of the different partners.Additional working groups were installedfor special pedagogical and technical ques-tions.

Among the tasks taken over by theHeinz Nixdorf Institute’s research groupComputers and Society is also the develop-ment of the project’s cooperation platform“School Wide Web Paderborn” (sww-pb)where pupils as well as teachers obtain their

own accounts, together with personal virtu-al knowledge areas. This platform is basedon the “bid-owl” server which has beendeveloped in cooperation with the RegionalCommission Detmold, the Weidmüller Foun-dation and the Gütersloh City Foundation.One major application of this platform wasin an additional project called “School WideWeb – Intranets in Schools”. In this project,carried out by the Bertelsmann Foundationand the Heinz Nixdorf Foundation, recom-mendations were devised for the develop-ment of knowledge management in schools,together with methods for a continuingtraining of teachers in the use of digitalmedia. Also, the research group Computersand Society further developed and evaluat-ed the “StarOffice 4 Kids” concept. In thissolution, according to its motto “The worldis my school bag”, tools and material aredirectly supplied via a browser to the userstailored to their age and abilities.

Thus, as of summer 2004, all of Pader-born’s schools have an efficient and at thesame time easily maintainable infrastruc-ture at their disposal. Teachers and pupilshave been trained extensively to not onlytechnically handle the equipment but alsoto use it effectively in teaching and learn-ing. By guaranteeing ubiquitous access tothe school’s network, the intranet and theInternet, schools as learning places arebeing extended: The city becomes a place oflearning.

Supported byStarOffice Software Entwicklung GmbH/kippdataInformationstechnologie GmbHSun Microsystems

Contact:Dipl.-Math. Harald SelkeE-mail: [email protected]: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 13Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 14

http://www.lspb.de/

Over the course of three years, the cityof Paderborn has installed a city-widesustainable infrastructure to support theuse of digital media in all schools. Thisprocess was completed at the beginningof the school year 2004/2005. The maingoal was to support all forms of individ-ual and cooperative forms of learningwithin schools as well as outside schoolsrather than virtualising education andreplacing existing forms of learning byindividual learning processes.

To that end, an infrastructure had tobe developed that allows ubiquitousaccess to digital media without impos-ing tasks of administration and mainte-nance on teachers or learners. The pro-ject thus focussed on supporting localand regional cooperative forms of learn-ing, enhancing and supplementing themwith national and internationalresources by integrating the Internet.

Based on the concept Sun@Schooland the goals of the e-nitiative.nrw,more than 1800 clients and some 100servers were installed in local schools.Workstations have been connected via anetwork not only within the schools, butalso between the schools. Working inthe net thus allows the use of digitalmedia during the lessons as well as athome.

Administration and maintenance areamong the tasks of the communal com-

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Supported bySchulen ans Netz e.V.

Goerdeler-Gymnasium PaderbornInitiative “Frauen gestalten die

Informationsgesellschaft”

Contact: Christiana Nolte


Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 14

QuIC – Qualification in Internet Cafés at Schools

The main objective of the project was tosupport the usage of communication tech-nology and new media at school afterlessons. A number of new usage scenariosof internet technology has been elaborated.Another aim was to identify the problemsof an open and sustainable usage of ITinfrastructures at school. The QuICapproach: an internet café is opened afterlessons in the afternoon and parents, espe-cially mothers, take care of the internetcafé; it is recommended to the parents toparticipate in qualification modules inreturn.

The open usage of information technol-ogy is available at lessons as well as in theafternoon for individual work and exercises.The individual usage is guaranteed indepen-dent of the student’s access to media athome. This is the reason for the strong sup-port of opening an internet-café at schoolamong students, parents and teachers. Oneaim is to particularly encourage girls andmothers to study modern information tech-nologies and build up technological compe-tences. In the focus of the project are alsostudent’s mothers who frequently feeluncertain in their media skills. For manywomen missing skills in information tech-nology are an obstacle when trying toreturn to a job after a career break (whichhas been spent for the family). The qualifi-cation modules that have been identifiedand implemented in the QuIC project areadjusted especially to these women withcareer breaks. The aim is to keep theentrance barrier as low as possible and tocreate a group of like-minded women whoenjoy learning together. Qualification isgiven in return to engagement for theirchildren’s school.

Students from 10th grade on are inte-grated into the project as well. Girls are pre-pared to take the role of multipliers in theproject. The multipliers are educated toqualify new mothers and to maintain theinternet-café working in the long term.

The pilot scheme was implemented over3 terms of 6 months each. Several qualifi-cation scenarios were tested. In the firstterm, mothers and schoolgirls were pre-pared together. The mothers were qualifiedfor the task as tutors, girls were qualifiedfor the task as multipliers and mentors aswell. Because of the different experience ininformation technology and different speedin adapting, we decided to prepare eachgroup separately for its given task. Anotherreason was that the students need a specif-ic preparation to take an active part asmentor. The student’s preparation includesthe development of social skills for thementoring process.

During the project it became obvious,that the requirements of the school towardsthe students change essentially from the10th to the 11th grade as well as from the11th to the 12th grade. Thus, it is quite dif-ficult to find girls who participate for atleast 2 years in a row to be trained as men-tor.

Teachers have been revealed as a bottle-neck in this and similar projects. The factthat the teacher, who is responsible for asystem administration in a school is alsomade responsible for all projects that dealwith information technology leads to work-overload of this particular individual.

The internet platform LeaNet serves asan exchange medium for dates and forschedules as well as for an exchange oflearning documents. The internet forumwas used intensively by the teacher to giveadvice to the participants. LeaNet is theinternet platform provided for women whowork in education by “Schulen ans Netze.V.”. It is accessible at school as well as athome and serves as an access platform toimportant information for the participantsindependent of the working place.

Mothers agree to participate in the pro-ject for a period of 6 months. Experienceproves the 6 month period as a reasonableinterval for planning and commitment. Several women who participated for 2 or

3 terms emphasised the commitment totheir children’s school as their mainmotivation.

The modular qualification conceptwas developed by HNI in cooperationwith “Schulen ans Netz e.V.”. In furtherpractice, qualification of the womenwho take a role as advisor in the inter-net-café will not be performed by stu-dents but by parents. A group of parentswith specific skills agreed to participateas multipliers on the base of the existingqualification concept.

Several similar projects in differentplaces have been inspired by the posi-tive turnout in Paderborn and the trans-fer activities of “Schulen ans Netz e. V.”.

Internet Café at Goerdeler-Gymnasium Paderborn

Project members: Udo Hilwerling, Dr. Wortmann(Goerdeler-Gymnasium), Regina Eichen (Schulenans Netz e. V.), Prof. Dr.-Ing. Reinhard Keil-Slawik,Aylagül Özel, Christiana Nolte

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High Performance = Innovative Computer Systems + Efficient AlgorithmsProf. Dr. math. Friedhelm Meyer auf der Heide

Algorithms and

Complexity

Workgroup42


High computing performance can only be achieved by a com-bination of powerful computer systems and algorithms thatsolve the given application problems as efficiently as possible.Therefore, the development of efficient algorithms has estab-lished itself as a classical branch of computer science. In ourresearch area, we concentrate on solutions where current tech-nological possibilities such as high performance computer net-works, mobile wireless communication networks, or systemssupported by specialized hardware pose new challenges foralgorithm development.

http://wwwhni.upb.de/alg

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Algorithms and Complexity 43

Focus in Research

Modern computer systems enable expand-ing application areas in many respects: Par-allel computer networks can deal withextremely complex algorithmic problems;the Internet realizes global exchange ofinformation and the interconnected com-puters may possibly serve as one giant par-allel computing device; wireless communi-cation systems allow flexible communica-tion between mobile stations; hardwaresupport for graphics applications enablesreal-time navigation in complex virtualscenes. A special challenge is given by com-puting systems consisting of heterogeneouscomponents (e.g. differently powerfulprocessors, storage devices or communica-tion capabilities) with structural changesover time. The algorithmic challengesimposed by the realisation and efficientusage of such heterogeneous, dynamic sys-tems are in the focus of our research.

Parallel computer networks can poten-tially supply unlimited computing power.However, the efficient use of these net-works is an extremely complex problem. Weprovide users with a programming environ-ment, the PUB-library, which is easy to han-dle and guides them towards the develop-ment of efficient algorithms. In order torealize such an environment, efficientimplementations of basic routines for com-munication and synchronization are needed.Meanwhile, our PUB-library is used by aninternational community of developers, whoappreciate such an efficient and comfort-able environment for parallel computing.The latest extension of the PUB-librarytakes into account the special problems ofheterogeneous local area networks (LAN).Thereby it uses the “idle time” of connectedcomputers within a LAN efficiently. Withour theoretical results and the extensions ofthis library for a scenario of concurrentapplications we make a first move towardsGrid Computing.

Dynamic networks, i.e., networks whosenodes change their (geometric, geographic)position over time, play a major role inmany areas: They can, e.g., be used as datastructures for moving objects in ComputerGraphics or as models for wireless mobilecommunication networks. We systematicallymodel various kinds of dynamic networks,design appropriate algorithms, and applythem to the above mentioned problems inComputer Graphics and communication.

The algorithmic work described abovehas shown us that using randomized proce-dures can produce amazing gains in effi-ciency. Therefore we systematically studythe potential of randomized algorithms anddevelop or apply methods from probabilitytheory for analyzing them.

To be able to navigate in a virtual 3-dimensional space and to give a realisticoptical impression of the changing scene,enormous demands are imposed on theunderlying data structures that handle thescene and facilitate the rendering of theindividual pictures. Above all, we have tomeet real-time restrictions in order to guar-antee a realistic impression of the scene.Our work on the development of novel datastructures led to new approaches to realizerendering of very large scenes in real timeon computer networks.

Our research is closely linked to ourteaching. Our courses cover methods andconcepts of the development and analysisof efficient algorithms. We also run projectgroups and support diploma theses thatapply our theoretical insights in order todesign efficient algorithms and libraries.

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Workgroup44

Dynamic and Heterogeneous NetworksWireless Networks

Contact:PD Dr. rer. nat. Christian SchindelhauerE-mail: [email protected]: +49 (0) 5251|60 66 92Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 82

http://wwwcs.upb.de/cs/schindel.html

Dipl.-Inform. Klaus VolbertE-mail: [email protected]: +49 (0) 5251|60 67 22 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 82

http://wwwcs.upb.de/cs/kv.html

PaMANet (Paderborn MobileAd Hoc Network) creates networks

structures for a mobile highway scenario

We investigate mobile ad hoc networks(MANETs). These wireless decentral networksprovide no fixed infra-structure and allowparticipants to move freely. For data trans-mission participants spontaneously connectto each other. So, central parts are obsolete.Increasing density can be utilized toimprove the communication network byincreasing network availability, throughput,and energy consumption by adapting thetransmission energy.

Heterogeneous Wireless Networks

Heterogeneity influences wireless networksvery much. This regards the wireless medi-um as well as the computing resources ofthe participants. Finding algorithmic solu-tions for heterogeneous networks is a cur-rent research focus in this area of MANETs.This research deals with a broad range ofhardware: starting with micro-controllers,carrying on with mini-robots with system-on-chip technology, ranging up to W-LANnetworks on laptop PCs.

We develop network prototypes in sev-eral cooperations. Together with the work-ing group System and Circuit Technology(Prof. Ulrich Rückert) we work within theframework of the SFB 376 (DFG specialresearch cluster) “Massively Parallel Com-puting”, partial project “Mobile Ad Hoc Net-works”. Here, the network prototype isimplemented on mini-robots “Khepera”. Fur-thermore, we develop network protocols forespecially designed sensors of the workinggroup Sensor Technology (Prof. Ulrich Hil-leringmann) funded by the research award2004 of the University Paderborn. In anoth-er cooperation we develop the routing pro-tocol PAMANET (Paderborn MANET) for W-LAN and TCP/IPv6 in cooperation with theworking group Design of Parallel Systems(Prof. Franz Rammig) and the workinggroup Databases und E-Commerce (Prof.Stefan Böttcher).

Experimental Investigations

Physical effects of wireless data transmis-sion are investigated using the simulationenvironment SAHNE. In this simulationenvironment we study the layers of radioand infrared based networks close to the

Supported by DELIS and SFB-376 C6

hardware. Besides algorithms for topologycontrol and network routing we implementand investigate medium access strategies inSAHNE.

Locality, Dynamics and Mobility

In wireless networks the local neighborhoodinfluences the network quality. Geometricspanner graphs provide a good basic net-work topology for the approximation oftime and energy optimal routing algo-rithms.

In this context we extended the notionof spanner-graphs to weak and power-spanners and presented relationshipbetween these graph families. We can provethat every spanner is also a weak spannerwhile every weak spanner also providespower spanner properties. The inverse, how-ever, is not true in general. As an applica-tion of these theoretical insights we achieveenergy efficient MANETs for directed com-munication, which we prototypically imple-mented in cooperation with the workinggroup System and Circuit Technology.

Dynamics and mobility of networknodes and edges can degrade the networkquality. Participants of the network cansuddenly appear, change their position andthen disappear. We developed variousmethods to cope with these dynamics ana-lyzed in a worst-case mobility model. Thesemethods are implemented in PAMANET, thePaderborn Mobile Ad Hoc Network.

Simulation of an ad hoc network by SAHNE creating aspanner topology

Wireless networks replace the presentwired networks. The extensive infra-structure for providing communicationbecomes obsolete and the new freedomof movement will fundamentally changethe future working and recreationalbehavior. In this area we investigatealgorithms, models, and general proper-ties of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks(MANET) and sensor networks usingmathematical and experimental analy-ses, and building prototypes.

Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

Usually wireless networks are based oncentralized structures. Without somededicated central stations the networkis not available. Typically in such cen-tralized networks the network perfor-mance decreases when the densityincreases, particularly the data through-put.

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Modern computer networks offer theirusers tremendous shared storage capacitiesand computing performance. To use theseresources efficiently, we are heading forstrategies for the migration of documentsand tasks as well as for methods for thebalanced placement of data. Hence, we arefocussing on heterogeneous properties con-cerning computational power and storagecapacities within those networks.

Page Migration in Dynamic

Networks

In wireless networks it is usually the casethat the participants want to access shareddocuments or even whole databasesbelonging to other participants. This isachieved by copying the data to the localmemory of the participant. For this problemwe developed dynamic re-allocation strate-gies, which migrate data between nodesupon request sequences issued by the par-ticipants. The goal is to minimize the dis-tance between frequently accessed dataand the nodes which requested it. Suchplacement decreases the communicationcost within the network. Additionally, ourstrategy reacts to the changes in the net-work topology, caused by movement ofnodes. Our algorithms are one of the firstanalytical approaches to the data manage-ment problem in dynamically changing net-works, and they approximate the optimalsolution within a polylogarithmic factor.

45

Dynamic and Heterogeneous NetworksResource management


Parallel Algorithms on Dynamic,

Heterogeneous PC-Clusters

In order to satisfy the increasing demand ofcomputing performance in many scientificand engineering areas, parallel computersystems are used. There are several differentkind of parallel machines like the classichigh performance computer systems, work-station clusters with fast interconnectionnetworks, and PC loosely coupled by theinternet. The Bulk Synchronous Parallel(BSP) bridging model provides a unified andsimple programing model for these widerange of systems by ignoring the networktopology.

In addition to theoretical aspects likemodels for the utilization of computers,load balancing strategies, and job schedul-ing we use our experience to develop twosoftware libraries, the PUB (Paderborn Uni-versity BSP) library and PUBWCL. PUB sup-ports centrally administrated parallel com-puters and workstation clusters and con-tains load-balancing strategies to use idletimes in a normal office environment effi-ciently. A faultless execution of jobs, evenwhen some computers crashed, is achievedby periodically created checkpoints.

PUBWCL is a distributed system to usethe internet for parallel computations. Arbi-trary clients can participate and spend com-pute power. Users can run parallel applica-tions that will be executed by the network.In addition to load balancing and fault tol-erance wee have to consider securitybecause clients execute program code ofdifferent unknown users.

Heterogeneous storage area

networks

The infinite growth of data that need to bestored leads to new challenges in the futureconcerning the design and the administra-tion of storage systems. At this year's CeBitinternational fair in Hannover as well as atthe LinuxWorld in Frankfurt the Heinz Nix-dorf institute introduced V:DRIVE, an newstorage management solution that is ableto significantly increase the efficiency ofstorage systems as well as their administra-tion by using innovative administrationapproaches. In contrast to common state-

of-the-art storage solutions V:DRIVEdistributes the data in a pseudo randommanner over the connected storage sys-tems leading to an optimization con-cerning access times of single disks aswell as a higher usage of capacity. Thatrandomized method guarantees an evendistribution of all I/O requests over allstorage systems. Thus, V:DRIVE ensuresthe absence of bottlenecks within thesystem, even when having to cope witha data volume up to several PByte, asystem limit that has already beenreached today by many installations. Thedeveloped methods base on commontheoretical research results that weregained in corporation with members ofthe group “System an Circuit Technolo-gies“ of Prof. Dr-Ing. Ulrich Rückert.

Contact:Dipl.-Inform. Mario Vodisek


Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 82

http://wwwcs.upb.de/cs/vodisek.html

Dipl.-Inform. Olaf BonordenE-mail: [email protected]

Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 33Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 82

http://wwwcs.upb.de/cs/bono.html

Heterogeneous Storage Area Network

Load balancing using migration

Supported bySFB-376 A1SFB-376 A2

PReStoG-School

HNI-GK

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Workgroup46

Algorithms for large networks

Contact:Dr. rer. nat. Christian SohlerE-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 27Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 82

http://www.upb.de/cs/csohler.html

Statistical analysis of a dynamic geometric datastream.

The rapid development of faster computerhardware and the higher inter-connectionhas increased the complexity of networksdramatically. The most prominent exampleof such a complex network is probably thegraph of the Internet, which is defined bythe links between different web pages. Ofcourse, it is impossible to store such agigantic graph on a single computer. Mas-sive data sets also occur in the form of datastreams. Imagine we want to maintain sta-tistics about the network flow at someInternet router. In this case we have accessto the source and destination address ofevery routed packed. Because of the largenumber of routed packets it is almostimpossible to store this information forevery packet. Therefore, our goal is to main-tain a small representative selection of therouted packets. In both of the above sce-narios mentioned above ’standard’ algo-

rithms do not work because of the largeinput size and the resulting time and

space requirements. Therefore, wedevelop new algorithms that can ana-lyze network properties by looking atsmall random samples and algo-rithms for data streams that main-tain small sketches of the data seenso far.

Sublinear-time approximation

algorithms

At every election, immediately after the pollstations close at 6 p.m. there is a prognosisfor the outcome of the election. Surprising-ly, this prognosis has such a high qualitythat winners and losers of the election areoften known at this point of time. This isachieved despite of the fact that only a fewpeople are interviewed about their politicalpreferences. Obviously, it is possible to pre-dict the outcome of an election by asking asmall sample of the population. Why shouldnot it be possible to use this concept (draw-ing of samples) in algorithmic research? Asa matter of fact, it is possible to analyzealgorithmic problems in a similar way. Indoing so, a new discipline of algorithmicresearch has recently been established andup to now only few results are known. Cer-tainly, one cannot find an exact solution toa problem, if one only knows a part of theinput. But it also impossible to predict the

outcome of an election precisely and still no one has doubts about the significance ofelection prognoses. An important class ofnetwork problems are the so-called opti-mization problems. In an optimization prob-lem we want to maximize the value of anobjective function subject to a set of con-straints. We have developed algorithms thatread only a small part of the input but stillcompute an approximation to the value ofthe objective function. We developed suchalgorithms for a number of clustering prob-lems in metric spaces including the k-medi-an, k-means, and min-sum-k-clusteringproblem.

Algorithms for data streams

When we develop algorithms for datastream we can use similar techniques tothose used in the area of sublinear-timeapproximation. But there are also some dif-ferences that affect the design of algo-rithms. In contrast to a sublinear timeapproximation algorithm, a streaming algo-rithm can read the whole input at leastonce. It has the restriction that at any timeit can only store a small amount of theobserved data. The goal is to select thissmall amount in a clever way to get a rep-resentative selection. Our interest lies onalgorithms for dynamic data streams wherethe streamconsists of a sequence of insertand delete operations of items into/from aset. Dynamics induces a number of addi-tional problems. For example, how to makesure that the data selected by the algorithmis not deleted in the future? We have devel-oped a fundamental technique to solve anumber of optimization problems (k-medi-an, k-means, MaxCut, Max Traveling Sales-man, etc.) in dynamic data streams.

Supported byDELISDFG-NetzPasco-GK

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Algorithms and Complexity 47

The copling of visualisation and simulationof highly detailed virtual scenes imparts theuser an intuitive understanding of complexproblems. We investigate algorithms forefficient rendering of virtual scenes and fortime critical collision detection. We applyour methods to virtual scenes of materialflow simulations.

Reducing State Changes with a

Pipeline Buffer

In current rendering systems culling andapproximation techniques are used toreduce the amount of rendered primitives.However, such methods usually require aspatial sorting of the polygons which leadsto many state changes (e.g., changes of tex-tures or shader programs) and suboptimalrunning time. Since the subset of primitiveschanges from frame to frame, sorting thewhole subset in order to states is tooexpensive. Our new method includes a smallbuffer between application and graphicshardware. This pipeline buffer is used torearrange the incoming sequence of primi-tives online and locally, in such a way thatthe number of state changes is minimized.If the state of the incoming sequencechanged, the arriving primitive is stored inthe buffer. In case of a buffer overflow theselection strategy chooses the next stateand all primitives of that state are evictedfrom the buffer and rendered. We haveproofed that the bounded waste strategy iswithin a polylogarithmic factor of optimal.Experiments confirm that the number ofstate changes is reduced by an order ofmagnitude even with small buffers. Oursoftware implementation improves the ren-dering time about 10%-50%. The pipelinebuffer is a generic method, i.e., it can beeasily integrated into existing rendering sys-tems, into the device driver or even into thegraphics hardware.

Contact:Dipl.-Inform. Matthias Fischer


Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 82

http://www.upb.de/cs/mafi

Algorithms for Computer Graphics

Pipeline Buffer: Rearrangement of polygons

Virtual scene in material flow simulations

Collision detection between two point clouds A and B. The colour field visualizes the distance to the surface of B.

Point Clouds Collision Detection

In cooperation with Dr. Gabriel Zachmann(University of Bonn), we focus on collisiondetection of point clouds and its inherentsurface definition. We define the implicitsurface of a point cloud as the zero set of a function, which is algorithmically con-structed by local linear regression (weightedleast squares). There, we replace the Euclid-ean distance function by geodesic distancesthat can be approximated by a proximitygraph. This allows us to reduce artifactsduring the surface reconstruction dramati-cally.

The graphs can also be used for collisiondetection. Using an interpolation search,initialized by randomized sampling, we canfind intersections in logarithmic time withrespect to the size of the point clouds. Forfurther acceleration, we developed a time-critical approach which utilizes point cloudhierarchies. As a consequence, we canexclude areas of non-collision very effi-ciently.

Active Support of the Analysis of

Material Flow Simulation in a Virtual

Environment (BAMSI)

In cooperation with the group ‘BusinessComputing, especially CIM’, we develop acoupled simulation and walkthrough sys-tem. The walkthrough system visualises thesimulation steps of the simulator and sup-ports the viewer by detecting and mitigat-ing significant objects in material flow sim-ulations. The simulator computes theobjects of the simulation model that causedifficulties. The system guides the vieweracross a traffic route of the virtual scene tosignificant points and objects. Special mark-ers, which are placed on the traffic route,focus the attention of the viewer on signifi-cant points. Our randomized algorithmsallow a simple increase or reduction of theapproximation quality for different parts ofthe scene. Therefore, we can guarantee ahigh rendering quality for all objects thatare important for the viewer.

Supported byBAMSI

DFG-Netz

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Distributed Embedded Real-time Systems Become ManageableProf. Dr. rer. nat. Franz Josef Rammig

Workgroup48

Informatics is everywhere; the technical world ranging frommobile phones to entire fabrication plants is governed byinformatics today. More than 20 billions of micro processorsand the software running on top of them control as Embed-ded Systems whatever forms our technical environment. Themission of the research group “Design of Parallel Systems” is to make contributions to a seamless design process for Distributed Embedded Real-time Systems (DERty). This cen-tral scientific challenge has to be considered to cover allphases and aspects of such a process.

Design of Distributed

Embedded Systems

Design of Distributed

Embedded Systems

http://wwwhni.upb.de/eps

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Design of Distributed Embedded Systems 49

Research Area:

Design Methods for Distributed

Embedded Real-time Systems

Our technical environment is dominatedmore and more by informatics. For a longtime, this tendency was restricted to isolat-ed objects like automobiles, appliances, andfabrication cells. Currently, we experiencethe next phase, being characterized by theincreasingly complex communication struc-tures connecting the increasingly intelligentcomponents. The embedded systems, com-munication systems and their mobility haveto be considered as an interconnectedwhole. The scientific community discussesterms like “Autonomic Computing”, “Organ-ic Computing”, or “Biologically InspiredComputing”, for such a kind of systems.

It is our mission to contribute substan-tially to a seamless design process for sucha scenario, i.e. for Distributed EmbeddedReal-time Systems (DERty). Currently, weare concentrating on three main topics:DERty UML: Specification, modeling, andformal verification of embedded Real-timesystemsDERty DREAMS: Component-based distrib-uted real-time operating systems and soft-ware synthesisDERty RuSt: Reconfigurable hardware andsoftware systems.

Model-based techniques showed to be themost promising approach to design thecomplex systems in a systematic manner.The UML (current version 2.0) became thede facto standard in this area. We bundleour research in the area of specification,modeling, and formal verification, under thetheme, DERty UML. Besides our effortstowards a computer based environmentsupporting specification and modeling(even by geographically distributed teams)including executable specifications, we areworking on the real-time extensions of theUML standard. An important step in this

direction has been our definition of a real-time extension of the Object ConstraintLanguage (OCL), called RT-OCL and beingsubmitted for standardization. For real-timesystems with a dynamic structure, we inves-tigate Pr/T nets as the modeling means, inthis case, ones with dynamical structure. Inthe area of formal verification, we areinvestigating various kinds of Model Check-ing, especially ones that allow coping withdynamically reconfigurable systems.

In most cases, the real-time applicationsrun on top of a real-time operating system(RTOS). Our activities in this area have beenbundled under the theme DERty DREAMS.DREAMS (Distributed Real-time ExtensibleApplication Management System) is ourlibrary for real-time operating system ser-vices. Currently, we are investigating as tohow such a system can be extended intothe direction of self-optimization. For thispurpose, we are extending our configura-tion tool TEReCS to a run time servicewhich includes a profile management. Weinvestigate highly distributed applicationswith dynamical communication structure.In such an environment, the OS serviceshave to be distributed in such a way that allthe required system services can be grantedwith a minimal effort.

We are considering the reconfig-urable applications and a reconfigurableRTOS. So, it is not surprising that we areinvestigating the potentials of reconfig-uration of the underlying hardware aswell. These research activities are bun-dled under the theme DERty RuSt(Reconfigurable Systems). We are work-ing on a seamless tool chain whichespecially supports the potentials of apartial or total reconfiguration at runtime. In this context, we investigate thevarious options of the reconfigurablesystems, ranging from the stand alonesolutions without any processor to theheterogeneous PC-clusters. Beingdependent on the actual load distribu-tion, it has to be decided at run time,whether HW or SW solutions are morecost efficient. Our seamless approachallows the configuring of a real-timeoperating system on demand in such away, that the dynamical reconfigurationof HW modules can be controlled at runtime.

Our three research areas: DERtyUML, DERty DREAMS, and DERty RuSTare closely connected. In addition, weinvestigate a variety of applications,ranging from the self-optimizing sys-tems of mechanics via intelligent sen-sors to image processing on PC clusters.

HNI_2004_18_89_GB 14.02.2005 11:13 Uhr Seite 49

Workgroup50

System modeling and formal specificationin combination with formal verification cansubstantially contribute to the correctnessand quality of the designed software/hard-ware systems and consequently help toreduce the development costs.

Our research work mainly focuses onthe systematic application of various formaltechniques for system specification, model-ing, and verification to the design processof complex systems characterized by controldistribution and constrained by the real-time and safety requirements.

Our main research topicsinclude: executable specifica-tions, semantic integration ofheterogeneous specificationtechniques and languages,application of formal verifica-tion techniques such asModel Checking to supportfully automated verificationof distributed (real time) sys-tems against safety and realtime properties. All men-tioned topics have beeninvestigated in the scope ofthe ISILEIT and the B1 (SFB614) projects both originatingfrom different applicationdomains, i.e., Flexible Manu-facturing Systems for the for-mer and self-optimizing MultiAgent Systems with Mecha-tronic components for thelatter.

The ISILEIT project, held incooperation with the workinggroups of Prof. Gausemeier(HNI) und Prof. Schäfer (EIMFaculty), aims at the develop-ment of seamless methodolo-gy for integrated design,analysis and validation of dis-tributed production controlsystems. In this project, theAbstract State Machine lan-guage (AsmL) has beenapplied to integrate subsets

of SDL and UML languages within one pre-cise, formally defined and executablesemantic model. This model is further usedas an input to the formal verification bymeans of model checking. For this purpose,a dedicated “on-the-fly” model checkingtool has been designed and implementedthat allows to verify an AsmL specificationagainst the properties described in form ofCTL* formulae.

The project B1 of SFB 614 provides anapproach to combine seamlessly the designtechniques with the formal verificationtechniques in the domain of self-optimizingMulti Agent Systems with Mechatroniccomponents. The project is held in tightcooperation with the working group of Prof.Schäfer (EIM Faculty). For the design tech-niques, the basic modeling idea is to com-bine the object-oriented and component-based techniques with the Multi Agent par-adigm. Consequently, the UML state dia-grams with real time extension are used tospecify the behaviors of the software com-ponents of a Mechatronic Multi Agent Sys-tem. In order to verify the defined RT-UMLstate diagrams, a verification framework hasbeen designed that is based on the formaltechnique of Abstract State Machines(ASMs) and the AsmL language. This frame-work shall support formal verification ofoff-line as well as on-line properties. Theproperties are specified in the RT-OCL lan-guage that has been developed in the con-text of the B1 Project. The RT-OCL repre-sents a refinement of the UML “Object Con-strained Language (OCL)” that allows thespecification of real time requirements andconstraints.

In the defined verification framework,the RT-UML state diagrams and the associ-ated RT-OCL properties are automaticallyexported from the used modeling toolFUJABA1 and are subsequently transformedinto the corresponding AsmL models andtemporal logic formulae. These are furtherused as inputs for the verification process.The generated AsmL models are instrument-ed using the AsmL exploration functionality

DERTy UML (Distributed Embedded Real Time Systems –Unified Modeling Language): Specification, Modeling & Verification

On-the-fly model checking of UML Statechart

AsmL-based verification framework for real time UML models

1 UML-based modeling tool developed by the working group of Prof. Schäfer at the University Paderborn.

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Research Team:M.E.E. Hocine El Habib Daho

Dr. rer. nat. Dania Adnan El-KebbeDipl.-Ing. Martin Kardos

Dipl.-Inform. Stefan IhmorDipl.-Inform. Markus Koch (C-LAB)

Dipl.-Inform. Alexander Krupp (C-LAB)Dr. Wolfgang Müller (C-LAB)

Dipl.-Inform. Achim Rettberg (C-LAB)Dipl.-Inform. Carsten Rust (C-LAB)Dipl.-Inform. Dirk Stichling (C-LAB)

Dipl.-Inform. Jörg StöckleinDipl.-Inform. Henning Zabel (C-LAB)

M. Sc. Yuhong Zhao

Contact:Dipl.-Ing. Martin Kardos


Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 65 02

http://www.uni-paderborn.de/cs/ag-rammig/www/members/kardos

in order to explore their state spaces andconstruct optimized and simplified Kripkestructure representations. The constructedKripke structures are further used as inputfor the model checking process. In the firstphase of the project the real time modelchecker RAVEN has been employed forthese purposes. At the same time, someother model checking techniques like on-the-fly model checking, compositional andincremental model checking have also beenexamined.

Besides the formal verification ofembedded systems, the domain of exe-cutable specifications is being thoroughlyinvestigated. The main objective here is thedefinition of an executable subset of UML2.0 diagrams that allows a platform inde-pendent execution of system models. In thisfield, the first results have been achieved inthe C-LAB in cooperation with the workinggroup of Prof. Engels (EIM Faculty).

The main field of interest here are thereal time embedded systems with their spe-cific requirements. For the specification ofsuch systems, a combination of UML classdiagrams, state machine diagrams, andsequence diagrams are supported. The classdiagrams are used for describing the systemstructure while the state machine andsequence diagrams are applied for modelingthe system behavior. Moreover, thesequence diagrams combined with Java-likesyntax for describing basic computationprimitives represent an action language formodeling activities of a state machine. Inadvantage, the considered sequence dia-grams of UML 2.0 provide additional fea-tures in form of so-called combined frag-ments that allow the description of struc-tural programming constructs such as loops,semaphores, alternatives, etc. In addition,we extended the UML state machines inorder to capture the aspects specific to theembedded systems like interrupts, timeouts,time constraints, etc.

To support the execution of the systemmodels, a dedicated execution platform, i.e.,UML Virtual Machine (UVM), has been

defined. The UVM executes the systemmodels in a binary form. The main idea hereis to execute the state machines directly inthe implementation platform by mappingthem to so-called Executable State Machine(ESM) units. An ESM represents an efficientimplementation of the state machine. Theaction language part of a state machine istransformed to an executable object-orient-ed byte code that is similar to the instruc-tion set of a microprocessor.

The UVM architecture is based on a so-called Model Execution Unit (MEU). A MEUconsists of an ESM interpreter and a bytecode interpreter. Interrupts and timeoutsare handled directly by the ESM interpreter.The Adaptive Runtime Kernel (ARK) com-prises of the Memory Manager, the Sched-uler and the Dynamic EMS Loader compo-nents that run as adaptable services of theMEU. By modeling these ARK componentsas standalone ESMs, a high level of re-con-figurability during the run-time can beachieved. This concept thus offers a signifi-cant flexibility with respect to the applica-tion in the domain of reconfigurable hard-ware/software architectures. The first verypromising results have already beenachieved by implementing a MEU prototypeon a Xilinx Virtex II.

UVM Architecture

Supported byDeutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft: SFB 376, Tp. B1

(Entwurfsmethoden für massiv parallele Realzeitsysteme);

Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft: SFB 614, Tp. B1 (Entwurfstechniken) ;

Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft: SPP 1064, Projekt ISILEIT

HNI_2004_18_89_GB 14.02.2005 11:13 Uhr Seite 51

Workgroup52

DERty-DREAMS (Distributed ExtensibleApplication Management System): Self-optimizing, Load balancing, Organic Computing

Embedded Systems are being used moreand more during the recent years in a vastspectrum of applications. Moreover, it is notrare to have a network of these systems.Examples of these systems are found incars, PDAs, mobile telephones and sensornetworks. Thereby, the Real Time OperatingSystems (RTOS) are taking tasks which areever more extensive and complex. In orderto reach flexibility as well as efficiency, theRTOS needs to be modular, dynamicallyreconfigurable and, if necessary, distributed.

In the context of the project C2 of theSFB 614, in co-operation with the workinggroup of Professor Rückert (HNI), the devel-opment of such a system is being carriedout.

The approach followed here is to designa RTOS that has the capacity to adapt itselfto the current requirements of the applica-tion in a resource-efficient manner.

The RTOS analyzes the current condi-tions/constraints and optimizes itself inde-pendently by means of reconfiguration.Thus, it has the capability to support appli-cations with strong differences in therequirements profile with an optimal set ofservices.

In particular, every time, a safe systemneeds to be ensured, where the determinis-tic treatment of all safety-relevant tasks,under adherence to given time constraints,has to be guaranteed.

In order to realize a self-optimizingRTOS, the following issues were considered:First, the design space of the reconfigura-tion of the RTOS had to be modeled to rep-resent the possibilities of the adjustment ofthe system to applications. The reconfigura-tion takes place if the requirements of theapplications change. Therefore, an interfacebetween the application and the operatingsystem had to be defined to make theexchange of this information possible. Withthis information, an adequate configurationof the system must be selected to supportthe current requirements of the application.For this activity, a Resource ManagementSystem was developed.

The hardware support plays a substan-tial role in the development of a self-opti-mizing RTOS.

The parts of the operating system, prop-erly adapted to hardware, can run moreefficiently with the advantage of paral-lelism of such environment and due to thefact that they can run concurrently withthe processor. The special attraction is theimplementation of such a system on a chip(System on Chip – SoC). We investigate inparticular, the potential of those Chips thatprovide a processor together with a pro-grammable logic. On this basis, the operat-ing system services are implemented inhardware and software and they are placedat run-time on the processor or the FPGA.

The decision of which service to beplaced in which execution environment,depends on the current processor utiliza-tion, the reconfiguration costs, the commu-nication costs and the resources needed. Forthis, a cost function is being developed,which evaluates all system parameters, inorder to find an efficient distribution of theoperating system services.

The development of embedded systemswith Ad-hoc-networks opens the possibilityfor new challenging applications. However,in addition, they require the development ofnew concepts for those systems.

Self-optimizing RTOS

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service migrates using the path with thestrongest markings.

The orientation towards the biologicalprinciples regarding the self-organizationand the self-optimization, allows the devel-opment of a system that has the capabilityto adapt itself to the environment dynami-cally.

An interesting new research field is theso-called High Performance ReconfigurableComputing (HPRC), which results from thefusion of the High Performance Computing(HPC) and the Reconfigurable Computing(RC). Our platform consists of a dedicatedPC-Cluster whose computing nodes areequipped with FPGA cards. The heterogene-ity of this system is characterized by thedifferent arithmetic and logic units (proces-sors on one side and FPGAs on the other).This heterogeneity posts a big challenge inthe development of the methods to ensurean efficient execution of the applications.Therefore, an operating system extensionwould be developed, which decides at run-time, which functional components of theapplication should be executed on whicharithmetic and logic units. A decentralizedapproach will be followed, in which thedecisions are made locally on each comput-ing node. The decision is based on the sys-tem utilization and the particular character-istics of the application.


For example, the small embedded sys-tems can be scattered over an area in orderto form a wireless sensor network. Thedevelopment of our operating system nano-OS, aims to support these kinds of networksystems.

The challenge with the development of the nano-OS lies in the limited hardwareresource and the high mobility of the indi-vidual systems (nodes). In order to make ahighly efficient operating system possible,despite those restrictions, the individual services of the operating system are distrib-uted and used collectively. Moreover, theseservices may be migrated with the move-ment of the system among the nodes, inorder to keep the system capable of provid-ing the requirements of that application.

Algorithms from the area of OrganicComputing are used to decide the Operat-ing System (OS) service to be migrated andthe node in the system to be migrated.Organic Computing algorithms are based on the behavioral patterns observed fromthe nature and are used for the system toadapt itself to the underlying environment.Thus the developed techniques for thenano-OS were inspired by the strategy ofthe ants in the search of their food.

The ants mark the path they use tosearch for food and the path back to its starting place with a chemical sub-stance (pheromone). Other ants follow this trace and increase, in this way, the concentration of pheromone along thepath. The path with the highest concen-tration of pheromone promises to be themost successful path. Using this as an analogy with the nano-OS, the offered services by some nodes correspond to thefood, and the application requirements correspond to the ants searching for food. If a node requests an OS service, then itsends this requirement to another node. If this node does not have the demandedservice, it passes on the requirement. All the nodes where the requirement passesthrough, similar to the ants’ behavior, aremarked. An optimization of the communi-cation costs can take place because therequested service moves nearer to therequesting node. Always, the requested

Research Team:Dipl.-Inform. Michael Ditze (C-LAB)

M. Sc.-Eng. Marcelo GötzM. Sc. Tales Heimfarth

M. Sc. Arvind KrishnamurthyDipl.-Inform. Johannes Lessmann

M. Sc. Norma MontealegreDipl.-Inform. Simon Oberthür

M. Sc. Tien Pham VanDipl.-Inform. Sabina Rips

Dr. rer. nat. Friedhelm Stappert (C-LAB)Dipl.-Inform. Gunnar Steinert

Contact:M. Sc.-Eng. Marcelo Götz


Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 65 02

http://www.uni-paderborn.de/cs/mgoetz

Example for localization and migration of operating system services based onant’s algorithms

Supported byDeutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft: SFB 614, Tp. C2

(RTOS für Selbstoptimierende Systeme); Europäische Union, Forschungsprogramm IST:

Projekt EVENTS

HNI_2004_18_89_GB 14.02.2005 11:13 Uhr Seite 53

Workgroup54

DERty RuSt (Reconfigurable Systems): Modeling, Synthesis and dynamic Reconfiguration

Within the framework of our designmethodology, the research team DERty RuStconcentrates on the topic of reconfigurablecomputing. The ongoing research activitiescomplement one another to a completedesign methodology, realized in an integrat-ed tool chain. Starting with a model-basedmodeling approach via an automated syn-thesis process up to a dynamic reconfigura-tion process, this methodology enables usto benefit from the partial and completehardware reconfiguration during runtime.

The aim is to design computer systemsthat involve reconfigurable hardwaredevices such as FPGAs (Field ProgrammableGate Array). Depending on the characteris-tics of the application, such devices canovercome sequentially working processorsin efficiency and performance by manytimes. Until now, the traditional design flowresembles the design flows of digital circuitsand does not consider the capability ofreconfiguring the device during runtime.

Therefore, the research team DERty RuStexplores the design methods which takeadvantage of the special properties ofreconfigurable hardware devices and makethem accessible to higher levels of abstrac-

tion. Thus, runtime systems like theDREAMS operating system, which wasdeveloped by our research team DERtyDREAMS, has the capability to manage theresources of a reconfigurable computingsystem and make them available to theapplications.

The working group targets several dif-ferent computer platforms: In the area ofembedded systems, the main computingresources are either standalone FPGA(s) or acombination of FPGA(s) and processor(s).Examples are the RC-200, made by Celoxica,the RAPTOR 2000 developed by the workinggroup of System and Circuit Technology ofthe Heinz Nixdorf Institute and, a board dis-tributed by the company AVNET, equippedwith a Xilinx Virtex-II PRO FPGA. The combi-nation of design methodology and runtimesystem should assure applications to beplatform independent to the greatest possi-ble extent and to maximize the advantageof runtime reconfiguration in compliancewith the given real-time constraints.

As the hardware systems may vary theirbehavior over time, one research topicaddresses the dynamic placement of theexchanged functionality inside the recon-figurable hardware components. Therefore,the connections and properties of theaffected hardware are reconfigured toadapt to the behavior during runtime – incontrast to the classical “static” hardware.The challenges resulting from this approachreach from an abstract modeling up to arealization, in form of specific synthesistools. The ongoing research is supported bythe DFG program RekonfigurierbareRechensysteme.

A clever partitioning approach devel-oped in our group, enables us to computeapplications that exceed the capabilities ofthe target hardware platform. Therefore, wecluster applications to modules, which thenwill be downloaded and calculated consec-utively on the hardware. We employ spec-tral based methods for the clustering tofind solutions in a multi-dimensional space.

Modeling a reconfigurable system from a behavioral, structural and a geometrical point of view.

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A tool, dedicated to the mentionedchallenges in the design process of a recon-figurable system, divides the modelingaspect into the three views: Behavior, struc-ture and geometry. These views deduce thewell known Y-chart model for systemdesign. The tool visualizes the user-defineddependencies between the three views.Later, the partitioning methods can beapplied to an interactive and automatedsynthesis process, in the form of a tool-kit.

Another research topic concentrates onthe development of the operating systemservices in hardware, to execute the inde-pendent tasks in parallel on an FPGA plat-form. In contrast to the processor basedsystems, the application processes and theoperating system services themselves areimplemented as digital circuits. Here, theoperating system has to simultaneouslycontrol the execution of all the processesand manage the required resources of theplatform. Therefore, a memory manager wasimplemented to assign the available memo-ry dynamically to the processes. The con-flicts resulting from the simultaneous mem-ory requests are solved by a priority basedscheduling.

Additionally, the various models of mul-titasking on FPGAs are explored. For exam-ple, it was shown, how a process can berealized as a digital circuit which can growup and shrink again during runtime (byadding and removing circuit elements). Dueto this behavior, a process can adapt itselfdynamically to the amount of the availableresources.

One important research aspect focuseson the reconfigurable interfaces. Theseinterfaces allow us to interconnect hetero-geneous applications in an alterable com-munication system. The interface acts as atransparent adapter and is able to handlenumerous applications in parallel (multi taskinterfaces). Due to the modular structure ofthe adapter, we can exchange individualconnected applications during runtime bythe reconfiguration of the interface. The

specification of a backup-behavior that isexecuted during the reconfiguration processenables us to switch deterministicallybetween the tasks in safety-critical real-time environments.

The modeling of the complex communi-cation systems with UML2.0 is handled by adedicated tool developed in our workinggroup. A subsequent synthesis process gen-erates the reconfigurable VHDL fragmentsof the adapting interface block which maybe placed by the tool mentioned above.

Further, the presented design method-ologies for reconfigurable computing undruntime environments are very interestingfor some topics related to the researchteam DERty DREAMS: In heterogeneoussystems, the ability of reconfiguration is afundamental component for swapping outoperating system services dynamically tohardware platforms. The distribution of ser-vices aims to gain a maximum performanceunder the constraint of an optimal utiliza-tion of resources. Another aspect of ourmethodology covers load balancing in het-erogeneous clusters, where the reconfig-urable hardware is one part of theemployed computing resources.

Research Team:Dipl.-Ing. Klaus Danne

Dipl.-Inform. Florian DittmannM. Sc.-Eng. Marcelo Götz

M. Sc. Tales HeimfarthDipl.-Inform. Stefan Ihmor

Dipl.-Inform. Achim Rettberg (C-LAB)Dipl.-Inform. Gunnar Steinert

Contact:Dipl.-Inform. Stefan Ihmor


Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 65 02

http://www.uni-paderborn.de/cs/ihmor

Execution and appliance of an operating systemon an FPGA-based platform.

Supported byDeutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft:

SFB 376, Tp. B1 (Entwurfsmethoden für massiv par-allele Realzeitsysteme);

Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft: SPP 1148, Projekt TP2R2

HNI_2004_18_89_GB 14.02.2005 11:13 Uhr Seite 55

Microelectronics – Key Technology and ChallengeProf. Dr.-Ing. Ulrich Rückert

Workgroup56

With the growing use of integration technology in almost allareas of life, microelectronics has become the key technologyof the modern information society. The systematic design ofresource-efficient microelectronic systems and their useaccording to specific demands constitute the central researchaim of the Research Group of System and Circuit Technology.

System and Circuit TechnologySystem and Circuit Technology

http://wwwhni.upb.de/sct

HNI_2004_18_89_GB 14.02.2005 11:14 Uhr Seite 56

57

Key Technology Microelectronics

The unbroken revolutionary progress ofmicroelectronics is the driving force behindthe devolopment of new products withnoticeably extended functionality andincreased capability at lower costs. Evenbeyond the year 2010, the development ofMicroelectronics will not be restricted byphysical-technological limitations so thatchallenges lie in the mastery of the designcomplexity – the technological standard ismore than 100 million transistors on anarea of few square centimetres – and in theeconomical use of these technological pos-sibilities.

Against this background, the researchgroup of System and Circuit Technologydevelops microelectronic devices and sys-tems in digital and analog circuit technolo-gy. A special focus is on massively parallelrealisations and the evaluation of theresource efficency of such implementations.Here, resource efficiency means to handlethe physical quantities space, time andenergy economically.

Our research and technological transferactivities concentrate on the centraldomains of Cognitronics and Mediatronics.The theoretical and practical education ofstudents in managing and mastering thekey technology of microelectronics in con-crete applications of information andautomation technology goes hand in handwith our research work.

Cognitronics

Cognitronics deals with the development ofmicroelectronic circuits for a resource-effi-cient realisation of cognitive systems. It isthe aim of our research activities to equiptechnical products with cognitive skills inorder to improve their functionality andmake them more reliable and user-friendly.

Examples of cognitronic systems havedeveloped in nature in great numbers overthe course of evolution. It therefore makessense to transfer biological informationprocessing principles onto technical sys-tems. Central to our work is the analysis ofthe theoretical capability and the integra-tion-oriented realisation of such principles.

Mediatronics

Mediatronics is a new interdisciplinaryresearch field at the Heinz Nixdorf Institute,which is concerned with the situative inte-gration of technical products and systemsinto open systems. In future, these systemswill be marked, to an even greater extent,by a decentral organisation of dynamicallyconnected, intelligent components.

Our aim is to develop and providemethods and techniques that enable tech-nical products to communicate and coop-erate efficiently. Here, we follow newapproaches to use the available computingpower and network resources efficiently inorder to optimally meet the demands forservice quality and reliability of futurecommunication systems.


Microelectronics as technological basis for Mediatronics and Cognitronics.

HNI_2004_18_89_GB 14.02.2005 11:14 Uhr Seite 57

Workgroup58

CognitronicsMobile, autonomous minirobots for research and edutainment

Contact:Dr.-Ing Ulf WitkowskiE-mail: [email protected]: +49 (0) 5251|60 63 52Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 63 51

http://wwwhni.upb.de/sct/cognitronics

Motivation

Cognitronic systems are characterized bysituation-dependent behavior based onproblem-specific data processing of envi-ronmental sensor information gatheredfrom different sensor systems. In the devel-opment process of cognitronic systems, weuse simulation tools to analyze the featuresof a solution. Furthermore, we aim at theprototypic realization, as only experimentson real systems can provide objective evi-dence of the system’s performance. Prosand cons of a proposed system can be iden-tified more realisticly on a prototype thanon a simulation model. We use the Kheperaminirobot as development platform andprototyping device for cognitronic systems,which – starting from a standard base mod-ule – can be upgraded as regards its capa-bilities by adding various extension modules.

Implementation

The minirobot needs to be equipped withadequate capabilities depending on the spe-cific application scenario. We have devel-oped additional modules for the minirobotthat extend its sensory capabilities (ARM-microcontroller module, FPGA-module, ASIC(application-specific integrated circuits )module), enable inter-robot communication(infrared module, Bluetooth module) andprovide additional features for robot inter-action (gripper module, sound module).

To achieve maximum autonomy of therobot’s actions as well as to provide mecha-nisms for cooperative behavior in robotcolonies, a Bluetooth communication mod-ule has been developed. The pluggablemodule can be used as a replacement for

the serial cable, providing a higher commu-nication speed. The communication modulecan also be used to build communicationnetworks of up to four robots communicat-ing in parallel and thus enable cooperativebehavior by synchronizing a group ofrobots. The benefit from the Bluetoothcommunication is that it is not necessaryfor the communicating source and destina-tion to be in a direct line of sight, and thatthe robots do not have to be aligned toeach other.

Application scenario

The replacement of the serial cable commu-nication by using the Bluetooth module forthe communication between host PC and arobot (point-to-point connection) allows aneffortless visualization of sensor data aswell as software tests without limiting therobot’s freedom of movement. Furthermore,the robot can be reconfigured via the wire-less communication link to easily implementdifferent behaviors. Point-to-multipointconnections with one master and up tothree slaves enable new fields of applica-tions such as cooperative exploration andmapping of the environment. Obstacles inthe robot’s environment are reported to themaster in order to synchronize the know-ledge of the explored area on all slaves.

In contrast to infrastructure-based net-works, these types of wireless networks aredecentralized and characterized by theirhigh dynamics. The autonomous minirobotsnegotiate a command hierarchy by applyingservice discovery techniques. The number ofnetwork participants in point-to-multipointconnections is limited to one master andseven slaves by the Bluetooth technology(piconet). By developing scatternet solutionsan even larger number of robots can be

connected simultaneously by wirelesslinks and we will be in the posi-

tion to develop, implement andevaluate cooperative behaviorstrategies for groups ofrobots to perform research inthe areas of service discoveryand cooperative behavior inrobot colonies. With about 70

minirobots, our research grouphas one of the largest robot

collections worldwide.

Minirobot communication network using Bluetooth technology

Minirobot with 2D-Camera module and Bluetooth communication module

Supported byService Discovery; Graduiertenkolleg “AutomatischeKonfigurierung in offenen Systemen“

HNI_2004_18_89_GB 14.02.2005 11:14 Uhr Seite 58

System and Circuit Technology 59

Motivation

First installations of autonomous mobilerobots (e.g. as cleaning or security robots)have already been realized. If mobile robotsare to be deployed in large numbers in ourenvironment in future, cooperation amongthe - presumably highly specialized - robotsystems will be necessary for a successfulapplication.

Robots need the ability to mutuallyoffer each other services in an open, het-erogeneous network and they must be ableto efficiently discover and use those ser-vices. Only this feature will allow them tocooperate flexibly and dynamically to solvetasks.

Implementation

The robots will form so-called mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs) for communication.These are wireless networks consisting ofmobile nodes that are characterized by theirdecentralized organization and the poten-tially high dynamics of the network struc-ture. Communication over large distances inthis kind of infrastructureless networks isachieved by multi-hop connections wherenodes on the way between source and des-tination act as routers and forward receivedmessages towards the destination.

The problem of efficient service discov-ery in mobile ad-hoc networks is stillunsolved. Known solutions for service dis-covery (like Jini, JXTA, SLP, UPnP, BluetoothSDP or Salutation) were not designed withsuch highly dynamic and resource-con-strained networks in mind. A solution forthis problem cannot be studied indepen-dently from the routing protocols in suchnetworks. We consider position-based rout-ing algorithms here, as robots inevitablyhave to know their position within theirenvironment and relative to each other tonavigate and act meaningfully. Position-based routing algorithms make use of thepositional data of the network nodes toincrease scalability and efficiency. Theobjective of this project is to develop asolution for service discovery in networks ofmobile robot systems and to demonstrateits capability through a working implemen-tation on real robots. Regarding our solu-tion, we put particular emphasis on:

Service DiscoveryFinding and Using Services in Multi-Robot-Systems

Basic idea of service discovery

Two robots cooperate

Contact:Dipl.-Ing. Jia Lei Du


Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 63 51

Dr.-Ing Ulf WitkowskiE-mail: [email protected]: +49 (0) 5251|60 63 52

Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 63 51

http://wwwhni.upb.de/sct/cognitronics

• Robustness: A network of mobile robotscan be very dynamic. Nodes will fail, logoff or leave the radio range, and newnodes will join the network. The absenceof single nodes should not decrease thesuccess rate of search requests of the net-work as a whole. New nodes are to beintegrated quickly.

• Scalability: The developed solution shouldbe able to integrate and service hundredsor even thousands of nodes.

• Compatibility: A smooth integration withwired networks should be possible so thatso called “wired-cum-wireless environ-ments” can be built. This will enable oursolution to exploit existent infrastructure,if available, to increase scalability andthroughput of the network while decreas-ing resource consumption of the mobilenodes.

• Efficiency: The developed solution has tobe resource-efficient, particularly asregards the radio bandwidth.

• Realizability: At the end of this project,we want to implement the solution in areal system. Thus the realizability of thesolution is a major point in addition tothe above mentioned requirements.

Supported byGraduate College “Automatische Konfigurierung

in offenen Systemen”

HNI_2004_18_89_GB 14.02.2005 11:14 Uhr Seite 59

opment of such design methodologies isthe modeling of reconfigurable architec-tures.

Modeling

In our project “Hardware Reconfiguration”,which is part of the SFB614, we target thedevelopment of a methodology for a simpleyet efficient utilization of reconfigurablehardware. The development is based on anabstract platform-independent modeling ofpartially reconfigurable architectures. Byusing the model, methods for placing andremoving hardware components on thereconfigurable architecture can be devel-oped and analyzed.

The analysis is realized by the simulationframework SARA (simulation framework foranalyzing reconfigurable architectures),which applies the model. By using SARA thebehavior of different system approaches fordynamic reconfigurable hardware can besimulated and tested with respect to met-rics, such as device utilization. The results ofthe simulations are used to compare differ-ent system approaches and to determinetypical features of reconfigurable architec-tures. Furthermore, the correspondingreconfiguration methods can be bench-marked and optimized.

Based on our latest analyses we havedeveloped new effective methods for partialdynamic reconfiguration. These allow anefficient placement with low computationalcomplexity.

Workgroup60

A fundamental aim in the development ofmicroelectronic circuits is the efficient han-dling of the given resources area, time andpower. Moreover, the increasing complexityof microelectronic circuits requires high-quality design and verification tools thatenable a simple computer aided design ofintegrated circuits.

Microprocessors offer a high degree offlexibility due to their software programma-bility. Compared to application specific inte-grated circuits (ASICs), conventional micro-processors have a limited performancebecause of their sequential program execu-tion. However, ASICs are more powerful butless flexible, since they cannot be modifiedafter fabrication.

Dynamic reconfigurable hardware offersa reasonable compromise between micro-processors and ASICs. Current field-pro-grammable gate arrays (FPGAs) support par-tial reconfiguration, that is, the reconfigura-tion of part of the FPGA while the remain-ing part is unchanged and keeps operating.Thus, the available resources can be adaptedat run-time to meet new external require-ments. Hardware components can be con-figured dynamically on the FPGA, and, afterfinishing execution, they can be removedfrom the FPGA in order to release resourcesthat can be utilized by future hardwarecomponents.

The promising concept of reconfigurablehardware is seldomly used in currentdesigns because there is a lack of simpleand automated design methods that sup-port the concept of partial hardware recon-figuration. A crucial step towards the devel-

Reconfigurable ComputingModeling of dynamically reconfigurable architectures

Simulative analysis of reconfigurable architectures

Structure of the simulation framework SARA

Contact:M.Sc. Markus KösterE-mail: [email protected]: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 68Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 63 51

Dr.-Ing. Mario PorrmannE-mail: [email protected]: +49 (0) 5251|60 63 52Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 63 51

http://wwwhni.upb.de/sct/mediatronics

Supported byDeutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft: SFB 614-C1

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Prototypical realization of thereconfigurable switch on the

RAPTOR2000 system

System and Circuit Technology 61

Objective

Self-optimizing systems automaticallyadapt to dynamically changing environ-ments and user requirements. Our aim is todevelop an information processing unit forself-optimizing mechatronic systems thatefficiently uses the available hardwareresources. Therefore, the system distributesthe actually required tasks to appropriatecomputing nodes of the system. In particu-lar, real-time requirements and communica-tion requirements vary if the distribution oftasks changes in the considered mechatron-ic systems. In subproject C2 of the Collabo-rative Research Center 614, we develop aReal-Time Communication System (RCOS)that covers the above described demands.

Concept

The basis of our RCOS is formed by newdualport network nodes that allow settingup line and ring topologies. Each node con-sists of at least two network interfaces thatconnect the node to its neighbours and toan embedded processor. The nodes handletwo different types of data streams, that is,data originated from or terminated at theprocessor as well as streams that simplypass through. If network traffic is rathersmall or if real-time requirements are lowor even nonexistent, comparatively simplenetwork interfaces can be implemented,occupying only a few resources. In this case,data packets are forwarded by a softwareimplementation. This causes a high load forthe processor, the internal bus and thememory. If the communication require-ments increase, e.g., due to a new task withhigh real-time demands, the processor and

the internal bus can bereleased through ahardware reconfigura-tion of the interfaces.For this reason, thetwo separate inter-faces are substi-tuted by a singleintegrated hardwareswitch during runtime. The struc-ture of this switch is more complex, but it isable to forward data packets autonomouslyand, as a consequence, to manage a farhigher amount of data. However, theresources used by the hardware switch areno longer available for other applications.

Prototypical Realization

By means of our rapid prototyping systemRAPTOR2000, we have realized the RCOSprototypically and tested it in a real net-work environment. A Field-programmableGate Array (FPGA) is used to implement thetwo switch variants. The dynamic reconfig-urability of the FPGA facilitates theexchange of the two switches during run-time.

To guarantee the real-time capabilitiesof our communication system, a loss ofpackets during the interface reconfigurationmust be avoided. Therefore, we have devel-oped a method that switches the send andreceive port of the interfaces separatelyduring the interframe gap of the appliedEthernet protocol. This requires the coexis-tence of the two switch implementationson the FPGA during reconfiguration. Ourmethod ensures that all data that is storedin the internal buffers can be transmitted.

MediatronicsRCOS for Self-optimizing Systems

Contact:Dipl.-Ing. Björn Griese


Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 63 51

Dr.-Ing. Mario PorrmannE-mail: [email protected]: +49 (0) 5251|60 63 52

Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 63 51

http://wwwhni.upb.de/sct/mediatronicsExchanging two separated network interfaces with an integrated switch

Supported byDeutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft: SFB 614-C2

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With Creativity to InnovationProf. Dr.-Ing. Jörg Wallaschek


Workgroup62

Today, new developments often emerge at the bordersbetween disciplines, where different ways of thinking confront and stimulate one another. Mechatronics, one of the key technologies of the 21st century lies within this new field.

Mechatronics and

Dynamics

http://wwwhni.upb.de/mud/

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Mechatronics and Dynamics 63

– Actuators,– Lighting Technology,– Ultrasound Technology, and– Automobile and Train Technologyin close partnership with industries.

In the past years, the area of “HumanCentric Mechatronics” was particularlydeveloped. Within the framework of theL-LAB, a competence centre for LightingTechnology and Mechatronics supportedby a PrivatePublicPartnership betweenthe Hella KG Hueck & Co. and the Uni-versity of Paderborn.

There we are investigating driverbehaviour when using driver assistancesystems, including their consequentbehavioural adaptation. We are alsoworking on the conception of automaticcollision-avoidance systems and otheradvanced assistance functions in motorvehicles. The development of activelighting systems that was supported bya research professorship funded by theDonors' Association for the Promotionof Science and Humanities in Germany(Stifterverband für die Deutsche Wis-senschaft) has meanwhile advanced sofar that we have been able to carry outsystematic acceptance studies in drivetests.

Around 1975, the word Mechatronics wascharacterised by the Japanese “Ministry ofInternational Trade and Industry (MITI)” toconcisely describe the control of machineswith the aid of microprocessors. Mecha-tronics owes its development particularly tothe increasing importance of informationprocessing in the design of new machines.The main driving force was and still is therapid development of Microelectronics inthe last decades.

Numerically controlled power tools,robots, electronic motor management, ABS,the airbag, CD-Player, walkman, video cam-eras etc. are typical examples of mechatro-nic systems. The Science of Mechatronicswas developed through the attempt tounderstand the common elements behindthese many revolutionary new creations.

Systems can be described by matter,energy and information flows at theirinputs and outputs, as well as through theways in which they are connected to oneanother. The information flow in mecha-tronic systems is of particular importance.In the past, information flows had to berealised mechanically (lever mechanisms,linkage system, etc.); today, this can easilyoccur over standardised IT modules. Micro-processors have become machine elementslike screws, clutches and similar. The coup-ling of technical systems on the level ofinformation processing is particularly easyto realise. An advantage – but also a risk –of this immaterial coupling is the enormousflexibility that results. Therefore, situationdependant action becomes possible.Machines are becoming ‘intelligent’.

As with all other engineering sciences,the fundamental task lies in analysis andsynthesis. The challenge in the analysis isthe close coupling of mechanic, electronicand information processing modules with

respect to functionality. The respectivedomain specific descriptions must bebrought together. In the synthesis ofmechatronic systems, there is a need tosimultaneously consider functional and creative points of view.

“The art of building machines” (mecha-nics) by taking into account the possibilitiesof microelectronics is one of the key tech-nologies at the beginning of the 21st cen-tury.

While the initial goal in the develop-ment of mechatronic systems generallyinvolved shifting mechanical functions overto the realm of electronics and software,recent years have increasingly seen thework focus more on integrating systemsinto information processing networks toprovide additional functions. The automaticconfiguration in open systems allows theco-operative, situation-dependant beha-viour of technical systems and builds animportant foundation for the developmentof self-optimising systems.

The field of mechatronics now faces itsnext important development stage: theincorporation of man into the systemdesign. The term “human centric mecha-tronics” clearly expresses the concept thatsystematically adapts the specifications formechatronic systems to meet the needs of(human) users and masters the develop-ment and optimisation methods.

We concentrate our basic research on thecompetency fields of:– Dynamics and Vibrations,– Contact Mechanics and Friction,– Piezoelectric Materials, and– Development Methodologies for

Mechatronic Systemsand work within application projects fromthe areas of:

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Workgroup64

The Mechatronics and Dynamics researchgroup works on innovative low to mediumpower drive systems and so addressesaspects of modelling, simulation, develop-ment, and application. Solid-state actuatorspresent an alternative to conventional elec-tromagnetic actuators. The specific charac-teristics of the respective working principlesmake it possible to open up new fields ofand opportunities for application.

Solid-state actuators

When a “normal” material is elasticallydeformed, it returns to its original shape assoon as the mechanical load is released. Inthe case of plastic deformation, the materi-al retains its deformed state and the origi-nal shape is lost. The active elements insolid-state actuators are “smart” materialswhose material parameters or dimensionscan be specifically and reversibly changedby external field effects. These parameterscan be manipulated by temperature or elec-tric respectively magnetic fields. Examplesof solid-state actuators are magnetostric-tive and piezoelectric actuators plus shapememory alloys and polymers.

Piezoelectric actuators

Piezoelectric materials expand under theinfluence of an electric field. This effect iscalled inverse piezoelectric effect. We havebeen working on developing quasistatic andresonant-driven piezoelectric actuators forseveral years. Piezoelectric actuators standout especially through their very highpower density, high dynamics, and precisepositioning accuracy. Conveniently arrangedlevers make it possible to achieve remark-able distances of travel, despite the smallactuator strokes. Micro pushers can producecontinuous movement of the rotor. Workingin cooperation with industrial partners, theresearch group developed various linearmotors and actuators for semiconductormanufacturing machines to the fully-func-tional technology demonstrator stage andsupported the subsequent product develop-ment process.

New materials for actuators

Piezoelectric actuator with lever transmission forprecision positioning

Actuators with shape memory alloys

Shape memory alloys are capable ofreversible phase transformations, i.e. thealloy's crystalline structure changes inaccordance with the applied temperature.Most actuators use the thermal shapememory effect. The thermal shape memoryeffect is an intrinsic property of shapememory alloys through which cold-shapedmaterials can repeatedly be returned totheir original shape by heating. In mostcases, actuator applications use a shapememory alloy wire that is stretched by anexternal force in its cold state. When cur-rent is fed through it, the wire heats up andthe material returns to its original shortershape. Such changes in length can be usedas a driving force. Besides these unidirec-tional shape memory alloy actuators whichrequire an external force for the reversemovement, there are also elements with aso-called two way effect. Without the useof external forces, various deformationstates are achieved in these by means ofcyclical heating and cooling. However, thesematerials only offer much smaller maximumstroke distances and forces and so are onlyof little technical use. Compared with otheractuators, shape memory alloy actuatorshave a very high energy density and areelectromagnetically compatible.

Contact:Dipl.-Ing. Florian SchiedeckE-mail: [email protected]: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 69Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 78


Piezoelectric resonance actuator for a linear motor

Actuator with shape memory alloys (NanoMuscle, Inc.)

Solid-state actuators and electromagnetic actua-tors in comparison

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Vibration drives

Vibration drives are small electrical motorsthat differ substantially from electromag-netic motors in modus operandi and per-formance characteristics. These drives workon the following principle: piezoceramicsinitially transform electrical energy intomechanical vibration and this energy thendrives the moving part. Both rotary as wellas linear drives are already commerciallyavailable, while multi-coordinate drives arebeing developed.

Rotary vibration drives

In a rotary travelling wave motor, a disk-like stator (1) is made to vibrate by tworing-like arranged piezoceramic actuatingsystems (2) until, at a resonance frequencyin the ultrasonic range, a travelling wave(revolving mechanical flexural wave) devel-ops. The material surface points of the stator move along elliptical paths withvibration amplitudes of up to severalmicrometres. A pressed-on, ring-shapedrotor disc (3) is set in rotation by the fric-tion of the travelling wave's subsequentcomplex rolling motion in the polymer contact layer (4). Typical performance speci-fications for present-day rotary travellingwave motors are torque of up to 2 Nm atrevolutions of around 100 rpm.

Piezo technology

Contact:Dipl.-Ing. Maik Mracek


Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 78

Dr.-Ing. Tobias HemselE-mail: [email protected]

Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 69Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 78

http://wwwhni.upb.de/mud

Linear vibration drives

Piezoelectric linear drives are capable ofachieving forces of up to 40 N and propul-sive speeds of up to 300 mm/s. The impres-sively simple functional principle providesthese drives with a number of favourableproperties which make them useful alterna-tives to classical electrical drives in numer-ous applications. Of interest are above alltheir simple mechanical construction andthe fact that they can already generatehigh torques and effective output at lowrevolutions. Further advantages are theirelectromechanical compatibility, their highholding torque without additional externalenergy input, their high dynamic perfor-mance and their high precision in the nmrange for precision positioning. In addition,linear vibration drives are capable of directlyproducing translatory movement withoutthe need for gearing which providesadditional advantages over conven-tional rotary motor transmissionsolutions, such as high efficiency, less package space and no backlash.

Vibration drives are currentlyused as positioning devices in auto-focus camera lenses and for adjust-ing car steering wheel positions, seeFig. 2. Future fields of applicationinclude positioning units for CD andDVD drive writing/reading heads,video recorders, scanners, and similarproducts, and cheque card feeds forcash dispensers (ATMs). Additionalconceivable applications for linearand rotary positioning tasks can befound in the field of automotive

Exploded view of a rotary travelling wave motor (Graphic: Daimler-Benz Forschung)

Fields of application for vibration drives

engineering (drive mechanisms for electric windows, sunroofs, seatadjusters, …) and in the field of officetechnology (paper feeds for shredders,printers, faxes, …).

Our research work concentrates onoptimising the whole system to improvethe motor properties. We do this bydeveloping models which describe theelectromagnetic coupling in the piezo-ceramics and the non-linear contactsbetween stator and rotor. Experimentalstudies are used to systematically con-firm the validity and applicability of ourabstracted models.

Supported byDevelopment of Coordinated Vibration Drives

HNI Graduate College

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Workgroup66

New microsensors for bonding

technology

The lifetime and reliability of electronic systems are highly dependent on the quali-ty of the electrical interconnections. Ultra-sonic wire bonding is one of the mostimportant methods used for electricallyconnecting semiconductor devices(microchips) with the circuit substrate.

A friction welding process is used toconnect the contact wire to the chip andsubstrate surface. In many applications, and especially in security sensitive ones,

Microsensors

Contact:Dipl.-Ing. Michael BrökelmannE-mail: [email protected]: +49 (0) 5251|60 61 85Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 78


Ultrasonic bonding system

Signal patterns for contaminated and clean bonding

extremely high standards apply for thequality of each and every connection.Because even just one defective connectioncan lead to failure of the whole system. Inthe past, quality control essentially meantobserving the wire deformation, althoughthis did not guarantee that all types offaults could be definitely and clearly identi-fied.

The ever greater number of electrodesper microchip means that demand isincreasing for an integrated bond qualitymonitoring system which already reliablyidentifies and documents the quality ofeach connection during the bondingprocess. Our project aims to develop such a system.

Sensors

In the course of the project, two methodswere identified as particularly suitableapproaches. One very elegant methodinvolves so-called “self-sensing” whichassesses the electrical terminal behaviour of the bonding system's piezoelectric actua-tors. This observes voltage and current to

Bonding on contaminated substrate

Comparing simulations with an FEM model, a discrete analogous model and measurement ofthe input admittance I/V

derive conclusions on the mechanicalprocesses taking place in the welding zone.The second method is based on the integra-tion of an additional piezoelement into thesystem whose piezoelectric material proper-ties are used for sensing purpose.

Modelling and optimisation

An analytical continuum model and an FEMmodel were built to examine the sensortransfer behaviour at various system con-figurations. Due to their complexity, thesemodels are largely suitable for studies in thefrequency domain. So that time simulationscould also be carried out effectively, espe-cially of the non-linear bonding process, adiscrete analogous model with few degreesof freedom was also created. At this it waspossible for the project to draw on amethod developed by the Mechatronics andDynamics research group for the automaticgeneration of the substitute parameters ofthe analogous model from an existing FEMmodel. By massively reducing the degrees offreedom only keeping the key eigenmodesof the system, effective time simulations arepossible without any significant loss ofmodel precision.

With these models it was possible, forexample, to calculate and study the transferbehaviour and sensitivity of the sensor andfinally to create an optimised prototype.

Experimental studies

First experimental studies on sensor sensi-tivity to external disturbance at steady-state operation already delivered goodresults. Practical bonding experiments final-ly confirmed the method's efficiency.Specifically defined bonding faults that weintroduced, such as bonding on contami-nated substrate or close to the edge of acircuit, were well identified by the self-sensing method and excellently identifiedby the use of the integrated piezosensor.

The project described here is part of theBMBF Collaborative Research ProjectINERELA (www.inerela.de).

Supported byINERELAFEM-Modelling of Piezoelectric Composite OscillatorsHNI Graduate College

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Mechatronics in motor vehicles

Contact:Dipl.-Ing. Sebastian WedmanE-mail: [email protected]: +49 (0) 5251|60 61 86

Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 78

M. Sc. Khaled MahmoudE-mail: [email protected]

Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 81Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 78


The glare-free traffic-zone lighting system which Jacek Roslak and Rainer Kauschke devel-oped is based on an active DMD headlight (Digital Micromirror Device) in combination with a predictive sensor.

Lighting intensity in the eye-point of an on-com-ing driver when using dimmed, full-beam andactive headlights

Braking test bed

Wheel brakes generate moments and soconvert kinetic energy into heat. Theratio between brake force and appliedforce is defined as brake shoe factor C*.Duo-servo drum brakes have the highestC* value. Consequently, at the sameapplied force they generate a greaterbraking moment than disk brakes.

This fundamental advantage is coun-tered by a number of disadvantageswhich have resulted in the predominantuse of disk brakes in motor vehiclestoday. For example, one drawback ofdrum brakes is their high sensitivity tochanges in the coefficient of frictionwhich can occur, for example, as a resultof temperature increases under braking.The sliding speed between brake liningand drum also has an influence on thecoefficient of friction. A constant appliedforce does not therefore automaticallylead to a constant braking force.

This project studies whether and howa constant brake shoe factor can beachieved with duo servo drum brakes

The number of night-time traffic acci-dents is very high. In most cases, thelate recog-nition of objects in the traf-fic zone plays a key role. It is especiallyat night and during the twilight ofdusk or dawn that poor visibility leadsto a lack of driver information. Activelighting systems are able to raise trafficsafety.

One of the approaches involves so-called reduced glare full-beam lightingsystems. The basic idea is to controlthe light emitted by the vehicle's fullbeam in such a way that only thoseareas of the traffic zone are lit inwhich no glare is caused. Where glaremay be caused, e.g. in the eye-pointsof drivers in on-coming traffic, theoptical system serves to shield thelight. This allows many more night-time journeys to be made with full-beam lighting, which guarantees very

good visibility and so improves trafficsafety and driving comfort.

A key element in the generation ofsuitable light distributions is provided bydigital micromirrors which recentlybecame available. In combination withpredictive sensors, also only availablesince very recently, it will then be possibleto design systems such as non-glare full-beam headlights.

The work on two doctoral disserta-tions and several study assignments andDiplom theses involved a number of con-cept studies being carried out, with themost promising solutions being examinedin detail. In the course of this work, onesystem was created that uses digitalmicromirrors and that was subsequentlybuilt into the L-LAB test vehicle as a fully-functional prototype. Test drives provedthat the active lighting of the traffic zoneachieved by this system indeed managedto overcome the contradiction betweengood visibility and low glare.

despite fluctuating coefficients of friction.The drum brake's self-amplifying effect isdependent on the coefficient of frictionbetween brake lining and brake drum andalso determined by geometrical values.

Since the coefficient of friction can-not be directly influenced, it seemedappropriate to adapt the brake's geome-try. By means of an additional actuator tochange the position of an adjusting leverthe brake shoe factor can be maintainedat a constant value independent on thevariation of the coefficient of friction. Akey challenge consists in designing thebrake in such a way that the actuatorneeds to perform as little work as possiblewhen adapting the brake geometry.

A first prototype of an adaptive drumbrake was built in cooperation with theChair of Design and Drive Engineering(Prof. Dr.-Ing. D. Zimmer) and experimen-tally studied on the test bed that hisdepartment operates. The experimentalfindings show that a high and constantshoe factor can be achieved with duo-servo drum brake that had been devel-oped.

Development of an adaptive

drum brake

Active lighting systems to raise

traffic safety

Supported byOptical Concepts for Active Lighting

Technology SystemsL-LAB

NRW Graduate SchoolStudy of Self-Energising Mechanical Breaks

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Workgroup68

Driver assistance systemsAutomatic collision avoidance

Driver assistance systems for

vehicle guidance?

The development of sensors for motor vehi-cles is breathtaking. As an indirect conse-quence of quality improvements in safetyand driver assistance systems, the sensorsalready installed in motor vehicles todayalso make it possible to explore new fieldsof application. Many environment recogni-tion systems such as Adaptive Cruise Con-trol (ACC) or Lane Departure Warning (LDW)have already moved from concept intomodern motor vehicles. Another innovationleap will come from merging sensor systemsequipped with radar, lidar, laser scannersand cameras. Systems like the automaticemergency brake which automatically slowthe vehicle down as soon as an accidentseems unavoidable already show that thenext generation driver assistance systemsare in the development respectively pre-development stages.

What comes after the automatic

emergency brake?

The next step involves drawing up systemswhich besides intervening in a vehicle's lon-gitudinal guidance also intervene in its lat-eral dynamics. Various approaches seempossible here. An interesting vision isdescribed by the so-called H metaphor. Thiscompares the interaction between driversand future partly-autonomous vehicles withthe interaction between horse and rider.Just as a horse does not collide with treesor passers-by, even if the rider is inatten-

tive, future vehicles could also act indepen-dently to prevent accidents in the event ofdriver failure or overload. The communica-tion between driver and vehicle could alsobe reduced to the essential, analogously tothat between horse and rider, whereby thedriver would be relieved of much of theworkload.

How can “intelligent” vehicles

automatically prevent accidents?

In order to turn the above-outlined futurescenarios into reality, vehicles have to beprovided with an underlying intelligencewhich enables them to independently navi-gate through traffic zones without collision.As part of a doctoral project at the Interna-tional Graduate School of Dynamic Intelli-gent Systems, methods are being developedat the L-LAB on collision-free trajectoryplanning. A highly-promising approachinvolves so-called elastic bands which are –virtually – placed ahead of a vehicle, muchlike an insect's antennae, to sense out safepaths though the traffic zone. An elasticband is made up of massless nodes coupledby means of spring potentials. Obstaclesidentified by the environmental sensors areprovided with repelling potentials capableof influencing the elastic band. The nodesof the elastic band in the equilibrium stateform the base points for a collision-freealternative path. In a final step, these canbe smoothed by means of suitable interpo-lation.

Contact:Dipl.-Ing. Thorsten BrandtE-mail: [email protected]: +49 (0) 5251|704 343 63Fax: +49 (0) 5251|704 349 61

Jun.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. Thomas SattelE-mail: [email protected]: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 79Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 78


Roadmap of active safety systems

Elastic band

Supported byL-LAB

HNI_2004_18_89_GB 14.02.2005 11:15 Uhr Seite 68


Human Machine InteractionUser-centered design in motor vehicles

Recent technical innovations have made it possible to develop driver assistance anddriver information systems in motor vehi-cles whose realisation still seemed incon-ceivable just a few years ago. Besides theneed to solve classical ergonomic problems,it is also becoming increasingly necessary to assess such systems. Driver assistancesystems, which are generally designed torelieve the driver, do not inevitably result in greater comfort and safety. For example,very extensive driver relief may, in certainsituations, lead to driver underload, a statethat drivers find unpleasant. Moreover, afeeling of greater safety can lead to morerisky driving styles. This is called risk com-pensation. Thus, the ergonomic frameworksadditionally have to be optimised if a trulypracticable system should be developed. Forexample, an information system equippedwith a visual display will only be accepted if the size and position of the monitor havebeen properly chosen.

The Human Machine Interaction team at the L-LAB addresses questions like these.Standard algorithms are not yet availablefor carrying out such appraisals. Rather,these methods still need to be developed.One of the workgroup's key responsibilitiesinvolves the development and validation ofsuch methods. Empirical studies are per-formed in real test vehicles and in a drivingsimulator. Besides behavioural observationsand interviews with test drivers, complexdata acquisition methods are used, such aseye-tracking systems and devices whichmeasure psychophysiological parameterslike skin resistance, heart rate, etc.

Single data acquisition procedures with test subjects frequently fail to provideenough information for the appraisal of driver assistance and driver informationsystems. Rather, the drivers' learningprocesses need to be taken into account. In many cases, it is only possible to reliablyassess the use of systems like these after asufficiently long familiarisation period. Andthis was indeed the approach taken in a

long-term study on the use of an infrarednight vision system. Part of this work alsoinvolved optimising the ergonomic systemparameters. This showed that such a systemis extensively used by drivers and is suitablefor increasing traffic safety in critical situa-tions. Infrared night vision systems are anexample of how innovative technical sys-tems are able to find acceptance when system conception and design adequatelytake the human factor into consideration.

Contact:Dr. Jürgen Locher


Fax: +49 (0) 5251|704 349 61

Test drive with an infrared night vision system

Dashboard for the night driving simulator with eye-tracking system and prototype infrared night visiondisplay

Recording eye movements during use of an infrared night vision display installed in the night driving simulator

Supported byL-LAB

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Reaching New Magnitudes Through the Efficient Use of Paralleland Distributed SystemsProf. Dr. rer. nat. Burkhard Monien

Parallel ComputingParallel Computing

Workgroup70

Parallel and distributed computing is the key technology forthe solution of large, computationally intensive problems inscience and technology. The challenge is now to furtherimprove the capabilities of this technology, to develop the fullpotential of applications and to open up new dimensions ofrealization.

3D-Visualisation of the HNI building (Olaf Schmidt)

http://www.upb.de/cs/ag-monien/

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Parallel Computing 71

The provision of powerful computing per-formance is a key requisite for the imple-mentation of complex systems and appli-cations in science and technology. Today,high-performance computers generally takethe shape of parallel computers. In suchsystems, a complex task is not processed by one single computer, but by severalcomputers simultaneously. These share theworkload in a similar way to an assemblyline or a large company with different busi-ness areas. The parallel computing perfor-mance can be produced both by a singlecomputer, comprised of several processors,and by several computers, that are distrib-uted at different sites and communicatingwith each other.

The analysis and design of efficient parallel and distributed computer architec-tures, the development of powerful meth-ods of implementing applications on thosesystems, and implementing prototypes ofthose applications are essentially the areascovered by the “Parallel Computing”research area.

One major field of applications is thatof computer simulation by parallel com-puters. Expensive and time-consuming test series, or dangerous experiments, canincreasingly be replaced by computer simu-lations. The visualisation of 3-dimensionalobjects in real-time is of enormous rele-vance both to computer simulation and toa wide range of other applications. Thenecessary computing power can only beprovided by means of scalable parallel com-puters. Such great computing power is alsoneeded for solving decision-making prob-lems in a wide variety of planning issuessuch as how valuable resources can besaved or systems used more efficiently intraffic regulation. The methods, we develop,are especially tested in the field of parallelchess programming, which has a long tra-dition within our working group. Currently,the parallel chess program Hydra is deemedto be the strongest chess program of theworld. Hydra is financed by the PAL Groupof Companies from Abu Dhabi, is based onprogrammable FBGA-cards, and our group

was significantly involved in its developingprocess. Applications using parallel and dis-tributed computing are also found in thefield of networked multimedia systems,where memory and computing perfor-mance are made available “on demand”.

Against this background we are primarilyconcerned with the following researchareas: • The theoretical fundamentals of parallel

computing, • the architecture and operation of parallel

and distributed computing systems,• the use of parallel computing to solve

complex problems in science and tech-nology.

The working group participates in numer-ous national and international funded pro-jects, in which the results of research areapplied for solving practical problems ofthe industrial partners. Conversely, the closecooperation with the industrial partnersover and over again leads to new impulsesand questions stimulating our own researchactivities.

With our teaching programs we aim toprovide the students with sound know how,that is close to research, in the field of Par-allel Computing, with comprised skills forpractical use and with experiences in realprojects.

Hydra also won superior to anyother participants the internation-al human-against-computerteam-chess-tournament in Bilbao.

The parallel computer on which Hydra is imple-mented and two members of the developing team.

Hydra won the chess tournament against Shredder clearly with 5,5 to 2,5.

At the international chess-festivalin Abu Dhabi Hydra run

against the multiple computerchess world champion Shredder.

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Workgroup72

Load Balancing in Parallel and DistributedSystems

Contact:Dr. rer. nat. Robert ElsässerE-mail: [email protected]: +49 (0) 5251|60 66 90

http://www.upb.de/cs/elsa/

Randomized load balancing. Newly arriving jobsare assigned to processors. First, a constant num-ber of randomly chosen bins are checked beforethe arriving ball is assigned to a processor.

Load balancing is one of the key problemsthat must be addressed to efficiently useparallel and distributed computer systems. A parallel application can be visuallydescribed as a component-wise manufac-turing process in industrial production. Anapplication ( = fabrication of an industrialproduct) is divided in several subtasks ( = sub-products) and these subtasks areexecuted on different processors ( = work-ers) of the parallel or distributed system.Subtasks can either be run independentlyfrom each other or, if required by theunderlying application, interdependenciesbetween them have to be obeyed. In thelatter case, the processors must use com-munication in order to exchange intermedi-ate results. Summarized, the load balancingproblem aims at the following goals:• The application's total execution time

should be minimized.• All processors of the system should oper-

ate during the whole computation andidle times should be avoided.

• The total load in the system should bedistributed equally and 'fair' among theprocessors of the system.

• The communication overhead betweenthe processors should be minimized.

For several years, our research group hasstudied efficient load balancing algorithms.While we have analyzed the problem theo-retically, we have also implemented theresulting algorithms and tested them in realworld applications. We distinguish betweensynchronous and asynchronous load bal-ancing methods. In the synchronous case,all processes involved in the computationstop from time to time in order to balancethe newly generated load among them. Incontrast, the load distribution is performedas a constant background process which isperformed simultaneously with the compu-tations in the asynchronous case.

To obtain good mappings of the tasks tothe processors, several efficient methodshave been developed. In our research groupwe have focused on analyzing local iterativeload balancing algorithms. Thereby, we dis-tinguish between diffusion and dimensionexchange schemes. These two classes differin the topology's communication abilities.Diffusion algorithms assume that a node of

Modelling the network as a graph. The loadamounts before executing the balancing are displayed in the nodes. The numbers on the edges represent the required minimal flow.

Load balancing in large, distributed, non-coopera-tive networks. Several requests are sent to a clus-ter of machines. An efficient load balancing algo-rithm that assigns the requests to the machinesand thereby minimizes the total execution time isdesired.

a network can send and receive messagesto/from all of its neighbours simultaneously,whereas dimension exchange does only usepair wise communication with one neigh-bour after the other. We have determinedthe exact convergence rate, the flow qualityas well as the behaviour of known diffusionalgorithms. However, the analysis of thedimension exchange method is much morecomplicated and its convergence rate hasonly been determined for some simpletopologies so far.

Other load balancing approaches thatwe consider are based on randomizedstrategies and exchange load between randomly chosen processors. Strategies of interests are Bidding and Workstealing. A somehow different approach is describedby so called 'balls into bins' games. In thesegames, newly arriving jobs (balls) are evenlyassigned to the processors (bins). Hereby theload of a constant number of randomlychosen bins is checked before the newlyarriving ball is assigned to the processorwith the smallest load.

The load balancing algorithms we havedeveloped in our research group are inte-grated into real applications. Among themis a distributed computer chess program, afinite element method simulation tool andimage generation software. The resultingfeedback leads to further improvements ofour methods.

In the future, load balancing algorithmsfor large, distributed and dynamic networksshould be developed. Here, non-cooperativenetworks (such that the Internet) play avery important role. In order to developefficient load balancing strategies for suchtopologies, the use of sophisticated linearalgebraic and game theoretic methods isrequired.

Supported bySFB 376-A3; FLAGS

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Parallel Computing 73

The behaviour of large, time-variant sys-tems is often determined by the actions ofautonomous agents. Typical examples areroad traffic systems or the internet: Selfishagents, also called users, influence thebehaviour of the system, and thus the costsincurred to other agents, by their privatebehaviour. Each autonomous agent tries tominimize its own private cost, while a cen-tral regulation would try to compute globaloptimum system behaviour.

Dynamic systems like these are not cen-trally controllable. This is due to the size ofthe systems and to the selfishness of theusers. In systems with selfish agents NashEquilibria represent stable states. A systemstate is a Nash Equilibrium, if no agent canimprove its private costs by changing itsaction, as long as all the other agents staywith their actions.

There are two kinds of Nash Equilibria.In pure Nash Equilibria agents choose anaction, in mixed Nash Equilibria agentschoose a probability distribution over alltheir actions. The theorem of Nash statesthat all games have a mixed Nash Equilibri-um. It is an open problem whether there isan efficient algorithm to compute mixedNash Equilibria.

A problem studied already in the 50's of the last century is the following routingproblem. Car drivers move through a net-work of streets. Each car driver wants todrive from some starting point to somedestination and may choose an arbitraryroute between the two nodes. The privatecost of a car driver is given as the timenecessary to drive along the chosen route.This private cost depends on the routeschosen by other drivers, since the time todrive along a street increases with thenumber of cars using this street. It is wellknown that there exist networks, where theselfishness of the drivers yields a bad globalbehaviour. The famous Braess Paradoxshows, that this bad behaviour may beincurred by building new streets. Anotherrecently studied system is a system for selfish scheduling of jobs onto parallelmachines. The jobs are the selfish users and choose a machine they want to becomputed on.

The worst possible decrease in globalsystem performance caused by the selfish-ness of the users is measured in terms ofcoordination ratio, i.e. the maximum (overall possible inputs) fraction of the optimumglobal cost and the global cost of a worstNash Equilibrium.

Algorithmic game theory combines themathematics of game theory and the algo-rithmic methods to analyze systems withselfish users. In the research group of Prof.Monien the following questions are in thecentre of interest:• The computation of Nash Equilibria• The analysis of the coordination ratio• The mechanism design problem: Create a

system of rules, e.g. by defining a pay-ment function, for a dynamic systemwith selfish users, such that the selfishbehaviour of the users drives the systeminto a global optimum.

Many results have been obtained whichyield to a fundamental understanding ofdynamic systems with selfish users.

The challenges of the future are toapply the fundamental results to existingsystems, like e.g. the shuttle systems of the “Neue Bahntechnik Paderborn”, whererouting and scheduling problems forautonomous shuttles must be solved.

Algorithmic Game Theory

Contact:Dr. rer. nat. Rainer Feldmann


http://www.upb.de/cs/obelix/

A road traffic network as an example for a large, time-variant system where the behaviour of this system is determined by the actions of autonomousagents (car drivers).

Car drivers move through a network of streets asautonomous agents. Each driver tries to optimize hispersonal benefit (to arrive his destination as quick aspossible).

An additional street is built, which is open to traffic in both directions and causes 0 costs, so the Nash-Equilibrium changes (red figures). How-ever, the quality of the solution deteriorates. Thisphenomenon is described as Braess-Paradoxon.

100 cars want from s to t. The use of streetsresults in costs. 2 streets have fixed costs of 100while the other 2 streets cause variable costs xwhich are dependent on the number of users. TheNash-Equilibrium is shown in red which also cor-responds here to the global optimal solution.

Supported bySFB 376; FLAGS; Delis

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Integrated Optics in Lithium NiobateProf. Dr. rer. nat. Wolfgang Sohler

Workgroup74

The Applied Physics group (Prof. Dr. W. Sohler) is engaged inthe field of integrated optics. Lithium niobate is used as sub-strate material due to its excellent electro-, acousto- and non-linear optical properties. A variety of optically and/or electri-cally controllable, miniaturized waveguide devices and opticalcircuits are developed for applications in optical communica-tion and optical metrology.

Applied Physics/

Integrated OpticsApplied Physics/

Integrated Optics

http://wwwhni.upb.de/ap/

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Applied Physics /Integrated Optics 75

Fig. 1: Reflectivity of a dielectric mirror for MIR-IOPOs, optimized for the wavelength rangearound 3 µm.

Fig. 3: Image of the end face of a waveguidearray consisting of 101 coupled optical channels.

Fig. 2: Image of a ridge structure resolved byatomic force scanning microscopy (contactmode); the structure was fabricated by selectiveetching of inverted ferroelectric micro domains,in Z-cut lithium niobate.

The idea of integrated optics is to developminiaturized waveguide devices and com-plex optical circuits on a common substrateusing planar technologies well known fromintegrated electronics. This goal is also pur-sued by the Applied Physics / IntegratedOptics group using lithium niobate with itsexcellent electro-, acousto- and nonlinearoptical properties as substrate material.Moreover, doping of lithium niobate withlaser-active ions (especially rare earths)enables the development of integrated optical amplifiers and lasers.Current research topics are:

Technology

Low-loss integrated optical waveguides fabricated by indiffusion of evaporated andphotolithographically defined Ti-stripes of a few µm width provide the basis for thedevelopment of all devices and circuits. Further fabrication methods of microelec-tronics (e. g. evaporation, sputtering, …) areused as well.

E. g. Fig. 1 shows the reflectivity ofdielectric mirrors for the mid-infraredrange, which have been directly depositedonto the end faces of a Ti:PPLN-waveguideto form the cavity of an integrated opticalparametric oscillator (IOPO) (see also pro-jectpage 2). Moreover, the group developedlithium niobate-specific technologies (e. g.periodic poling of ferroelectric microdo-mains, selective chemical etching of micro-structures for photonic devices (see Fig. 2),holographic writing of photorefractive grat-ings, stoichiometry control using vapourtransport equilibration, etc.). These activitiesare accompanied by advanced characteriza-tion techniques (e. g. optical, electroopticaland scanning atomic force microscopy,spectroscopy, …).

Nonlinear optical devices

Periodically poled Ti:LiNbO3 (Ti:PPLN) wave-guides are the basis of efficient optical fre-quency converters in the near (NIR) andmid (MIR) infrared spectral range. In theNIR, nonlinear optical difference frequencyconverters for wavelength shifting in futurereconfigurable, optical distribution networksare developed (current cooperation with atelecommunications industrial partner).Nonlinear optical interactions can, more-over, be utilized to induce light controlledtemporal (de-) multiplexing and spatialswitching of several optical informationchannels. Fig. 3 shows the end face of awaveguide array structure which has beeninvestigated within the EU-funded projectROSA to demonstrate such opto-opticalswitching. Moreover, devices for opticalparametric amplification (OPA) und oscilla-tion are under development. OPA, whichcan be achieved at almost any wavelengthin the transparency range of lithium nio-bate, is regarded as an important methodfor future photonic networks.

Erbium-doped lasers

The combination of erbium diffusion dopingwith the intrinsic acoustooptical, electro-optical and photorefractive properties ofLiNbO3 enables the development of inte-grated optical lasers with attractive proper-ties, such as actively Q-switched and mode-locked lasers, DBR- and ring lasers (see pro-ject example). Acoustooptically tunablelasers are of interest for optical networkswith dense wavelength division multiplex-ing. Moreover, the acoustooptically inducedfrequency shift can be utilized for anunusual but for metrology interesting laserprinciple, the so-called frequency shiftedfeedback laser. Lasers with written photore-fractive (DBR-) gratings have, due to theirwavelength selective feedback, a very nar-row emission linewidth, which is importante. g. for interferometric measurementmethods.

Integrated electrooptics

The intrinsic electrooptical properties ofLiNbO3 enable the development of a widerange of devices for applications in opticalcommunications and optical metrology.Electrooptical polarization conversion and

polarization-dependent group delay inbirefringent Ti:LiNbO3-waveguides allow the development of so-calledpolarization mode dispersion compen-sators (PMDCs). PMD causes the walkoff of the polarization components, ofwhich an optical pulse (bit) is composed.Using a PMDC the PMD-history can bereversed at the receiver side and in thisway an increased bit/error-ratio can beavoided. This technique is currentlyinvestigated in collaboration with Prof.Noé within one project of the DFG-research unit: Integrated optics in lithi-um niobate: new devices, circuits andapplications.

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Introduction/Background

Passive ring resonators and active ringlasers can both be used to measure rota-tional speeds utilizing the relativisticSagnac effect. Such sensors have alreadybeen realized based on bulk-optical compo-nents. In particular, He-Ne-ring lasers havereached a high degree of maturity and arealready widely used in aerospace naviga-tion. The European Space Agency (ESA) isstrongly interested in miniaturized highlystable laser gyroscopes. An integrated opti-cal solution is expected to meet theserequirements and is therefore of particularinterest.

Ring resonators

Extremely low-loss Ti:LiNbO3 channel wave-guides are the key element to fabricate ringresonators of high quality (high finesse).Due to the Sagnac effect the frequencysplitting of the two counter propagatingwaves in the ring is proportional to the areasurrounded by the ring and the rotationalspeed. Therefore, for this application ringresonators with a large radius of curvaturehave to be developed. The structure of ourintegrated optical ring resonators is shownin Fig. 1. The ring has a radius of 30 mm.Two straight waveguides tangential to thering are acting as directional couplers forinput- and output coupling of light. In theresonator, the light travels clockwise orcounter-clockwise depending on the inputport. Although the directional couplers arenot yet designed for optimized coupling, aresonator quality factor (Q-factor: ratio ofresonance frequency to resonance width) of2x106 has already been achieved experi-mentally.

Ring lasers

In order to develop ring lasers, ring res-onators as outlined above have been fabri-cated on erbium-diffusion-doped substratesfor the first time. The upper straight wave-guide permits input coupling of the pumpradiation into the ring. Due to an up-con-version process the erbium-doped wave-guide emits a green luminescence duringoptical pumping although the pump radia-tion of 1480 nm wavelength is invisible. Thehigher the pump power, the stronger is thegreen luminescence, which can be observed

Integrated Optical Ring Resonator andRing Laser

Contact:Selim RezaE-mail: [email protected]: +49 (0) 5251|60 22 48Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 34 22

http//:wwwhni.upb.de/ap/

very easily with the naked eye (see Fig. 2).The erbium doped ring laser emits in the

so-called eye-safe infrared range at 1602nm wavelength. Access to this radiation forboth counter-propagating directions of thelaser field is possible via the two ports ofthe lower directional coupler. Part of theclockwise travelling laser radiation is cou-pled to port 1, part of the counter-clock-wise travelling light to port 2. In Fig. 3 thepower characteristics of the ring laser (out-put power at port 1 versus pump power) forthe clockwise travelling wave is shown.Almost identical characteristics have beenmeasured for the counter-clockwise travel-ling wave at port 2. The output spectrumhas a width of approximately 0.7 nm and acomplicated fine structure which has notyet been fully understood. To some extentthis structure is attributed to the couplingof residual linear cavities (straight wave-guides with residual end face reflectivity) tothe ring cavity. We are currently eliminatingthis problem by special antireflection coat-ings and angled end face polishing of thestraight coupler sections.

Application as Rotation Sensor

Rotation of a ring resonator develops a dif-ference between the optical path lengthsfor the two counter-propagating waves inthe resonator. As a consequence the degen-eracy between clock- and counter-clockwiseresonances is removed and a splitting pro-portional to the rotation speed happens.

In the passive ring cavity this splittingcan be sensed by resonance tracking. Alter-natively, if the frequency of launched lightis adjusted to one edge of a cavity reso-nance then a change in rotation results inan increase of the transmission (shifttowards the resonance peak) for one direc-tion and a decrease of the transmission forthe other direction. In this way even adetection of the rotation sense is possible.

The active ring laser reacts with a split-ting of its emission frequencies which caneasily be detected by the beat signal if thetwo resonant waves are superimposed on aphoto detector.

Both experiments are planned for thenear future. With appropriate signal pro-cessing a resolution limit for the rotationalspeed in the range of 10°/h is expected.

Fig. 1: Structure of a passive ring resonator withTi:LiNbO3 waveguide structure resp. a ring laserwith Ti:Er:LiNbO3 waveguide structure. The ringdiameter is 60 mm. The straight waveguides closeto the ring act as directional input-(pump) andoutput (laser emission) couplers.

Fig. 3: Laser power output (λL = 1602 nm) as function of the input optical pump power (λP = 1480 nm) measured at output port 1.

Fig. 2: Photograph of the optically pumped ringlaser. The green fluorescence is from the erbium-doped region of the ring (the “directional cou-plers” are in the undoped region).

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Applied Physics /Integrated Optics 77

Introduction/Background

In the mid-infrared (MIR) spectral range(2µm < λ < 4µm) a lot of molecules havecharacteristic absorption bands. Therefore,spectroscopic investigations are increasinglycarried out in this spectral range. Examplesare the spectroscopic trace gas analysis for monitoring green house gases in theatmosphere or process control in the indus-try.

But the availability of light sources inthe MIR is very limited: most lasers are verybulky, have low output power levels and anarrow tuning range or have to be cooledwith liquid helium or nitrogen. Thereforeour goal is to develop a compact, tunable,efficient, coherent light source in the MIRwhich takes advantage of the nonlinearoptical parametric frequency conversion inwaveguide structures.

Project

Within the framework of the research unit“Integrated optics in LiNbO3: new devices,circuits and applications”, supported by the“Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft” (DFG),integrated optical parametric fluorescencegenerators (IOPGs) and -oscillators (IOPOs)are developed. These devices take advantageof the nonlinear optical properties of peri-odically poled Ti-indiffused lithium niobatewaveguides (Ti:PPLN).

For an effective nonlinear optical inter-action high intensities are required. Due tothe guiding of the waves in a strip wave-guide it is possible to maintain such highintensities along the whole interactionlength without beam spreading due to dif-fraction.

This allows to achieve significantly high-er efficiencies compared to devices of con-ventional optics.

A tunable narrowband semiconductorlaser is used as pump source, amplified byan erbium doped fiber amplifier (EDFA). Thisallows to achieve up to 2W cw-power inthe range 1530nm < λ < 1570nm.

Integrated Parametric Fluorescence Generators and Oscillators for the Mid Infrared

Fig. 1: Photograph of an IOPO

Fig. 3: Measured (dots) and calculated outputpower of a doubly resonant IOPO.

Fig. 2: Measured (dots) and calculated tuningcharacteristics for two IOPOs with a differentperiodicity of the PPLN domain structure.

Contact:Sergey Orlov


Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 34 22

http://wwwhni.upb.de/ap/

Fluorescence Generators

If Ti:PPLN waveguides, which are up to 90mm long and about 20 µm wide (see Fig. 1),are “pumped” with sufficiently high opticalpower, two waves (so-called signal and idlerwaves) are simultaneously generated. Byincreasing the pump power the fluores-cence will be strongly amplified (stimulat-ed).

Via tuning the pump wavelength it ispossible to generate optical parametric flu-orescence in the range 2.7 µm < λ < 3.5µm. Using pulsed excitation (7 psec pulsewidth) a pulse peak power up to a few mWis generated.

Parametric Oscillators

If the fluorescence generator is insertedinto an optical cavity, feedback leads abovea certain threshold pump power level toparametric oscillation. Pump wavelengthand periodicity of the PPLN-domain struc-ture determine the emission wavelength(Fig. 2). Such integrated optical parametricoscillators were developed as singly reso-nant oscillator (SRO) and as doubly reso-nant oscillator (DRO). For these deviceseither external dielectric mirrors are appliedor the mirrors are directly evaporated ontothe waveguide end faces (see also Fig. 2 ofportrait page 2). While a DRO is resonantfor signal and idler, in a SRO only one ofthe two waves will be amplified. The doublyresonant device (DRO) has a significantlylower threshold of only 14 mW (Fig. 3)which should allow pumping of the IOPOwith a semiconductor laser without anadditional fiber amplifier.

In the future synchronously pumpedoscillators for the generation of very shortMIR-pulses in the psec range will be devel-oped. These will open new applicationranges, e.g. the study of dynamic processesin molecular reactions.

Supported byIntegrated Optics in Lithium Niobate

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Reflection on Science and TechnologyProf. Dr. phil. Volker Peckhaus

Workgroup78

http://www-fakkw.upb.de/institute/philosophie/

Philosophical reflection on science and technology enlightensthe foundations and conditions of scientific and technical action,it provides orientation on the methods and aims of these activi-ties and supports its responsible use.

The seven liberal arts from the Hortus deliciarum by the abbess Herrad von Landsberg (1170)


and Technology


and Technology

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Philosophy of Science and Technology 79

In the wide field of reflection on scienceand technology, the team is above alldevoted to the logical and cognitive condi-tions of knowledge and scientific action.The recent history of logic is one focus ofresearch. It is aimed at a reconstruction ofthe development and differentiation of thisbasic discipline of philosophy, leading toMathematical Logic and Proof Theory asmathematical subdisciplines and to Theo-retical Computer Science. This is seen in thecontext of a dialogue between philosophyand mathematics. The discussion on logicamong the mathematicians of the 19th andearly 20th century can be regarded as anexpression of attempts to overcome foun-dational problems having emerged inmathematical practise. The mathematicianscould not expect much support in theseattempts by academic philosophers of thattime. Founding mathematics with the helpof a revised logic served therefore not reallya philosophical interest, but above all thepragmatic interest to allow the mathemati-cian an unrestricted working in his veryspecial field of competence.

Modern axiomatics, initiated by theGöttingen mathematician David Hilbert(1862-1943), can be interpreted in thesame sense. Hilbert’s foundational researchwas quickly combined with logical consid-erations. A biography of Ernst Zermelo(1871-1953), Hilbert’s first collaborator infoundational issues and creator of axioma-tized set theory, is going to be completedat the chair.

The Database for the History of Logicis an important tool for this research. Thisbio-bibliographical archive with collectionof portraits is being built up in Paderbornand open for all researchers interested inthe history of logic.

Another main focus lies in the field ofphilosophy of Cognitive Science. Here, thequestion of how we gain knowledge ofother people’s minds is addressed from aphilosophical perspective as well as fromthe perspective of cognitive neuroscience.Research is aimed at a neurophenomeno-logical theory of the basis of social cogni-tion and human self-consciousness. Themain hypothesis is that the development of individual human self-consciousness isdependent on the dynamic interactionswith other humans, mediated by empathy.

In teaching, the specific philosophicalway of asking questions and discussingsolutions is conveyed. The topical focus isin theoretical philosophy, especially philos-ophy of science, epistemology and the phi-losophy of technology. An essential task isto establish new courses, especially Practi-cal Philosophy in teachers education andparticipation in the B.A. programme in Cul-tural Sciences.

Peckhaus, V.: Hilbertprogramm und Kritische Philosophie,

Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht 1990

Peckhaus, V.: Logik, Mathesis universalis und allgemeine Wissenschaft, Berlin: Akademie Verlag 1997

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Formal Languages as Universal Languagesand the Origins of Modern Logic

G. Frege: Grundgesetze der Arithmetik, Vol. 1, Jena 1893, §47

Logical addition and logical multiplication. E. Schröder: Der Operationskreis des Logikkalkuls,Leipzig 1877, p. 6

Contact:Prof. Dr. Volker PeckhausE-mail: [email protected]: +49 (0) 5251|60 24 11Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 37 44


In 1967 Jean van Heijenoort introduced aninfluential distinction of types of logic: heopposed logic as calculus and logic as lan-guage. Later this distinction was modifiedby Jaakko Hintikka and Martin Kusch byopposing language as calculus and lan-guage as universal medium. Both sugges-tions agree in granting universality only tothe second variation. This is justified withthe different roles of semantics in thesesystems. In the logical calculus, e.g., in sys-tems of the algebra of logic, semantics isexternal, i.e., the systems have to be inter-preted. In this resprect Hintikka speaks of amodel-theoretic standpoint. On the otherhand, in logical systems serving as universalmedia like Frege’s Begriffsschrift semanticsis internal. These systems are languageswithout interpretation, they do not evenallow interpretations.

Van Heijenoort and Hintikka arrived attheir distinctions by induction from the his-tory of logic. Nowadays they are more andmore taken as criteria for evaluating logicalsystems present in history. Their historicalstarting point was Gottlob Frege’s rejoinderto the criticism of the algebraist of logicErnst Schröder against his Begriffsschrift(1879). Both, Frege and Schröder refer tothe distinction, attributed to Leibniz,between lingua characteristica und calculusratiocinator. Both claim mutually that theother had neglected the aspect of a univer-sal language in his system by stressing thecalculus aspects. This indicates that the dis-tinctions by van Heijenoort and Hintikka arenot only based on a short reading of thehistorical discussions, but that they are alsohighly problematic in systematical respects.They restrict the concept of language insuch a way that universal aspects of formalcalculi get out of sight.

Therefore it seems to be necessary toclassify historically given formal languagesin respect to their universal features. Lan-guages with external semantics should notbe excluded in advance. This becomes evi-dent regarding Leibniz’s characteristica uni-versalis, that didn’t aim exclusively at aone-to-one correspondence between simpleconcepts and signs (this would have lead toa categorical system). Leibniz also aimed atkeeping the list of simple concepts as smallas possible in order to make the systemsuitable for practical tasks. Leibniz not onlywanted to construct a (in fact utopian)philosophical or rational language whichcould provide all possible truths, but also asystem of operation types which could beused to handle actual problems. And thissystem was similar to algebraic systemswith external semantics.

Leibniz’s sketch of a medal for presenting hisbinary number system. The image of creation:“Omnibus ex nihilo ducendis sufficit unum” (“In order to derive everything from nothing, the single is enough”)

Supported byAntorchas-DAAD

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Philosophy of Science and Technology 81

When a mother smiles at her two monthold child, the child will smile back. In thecinema, when Arnold Schwarzenegger isfalling out of the window from the thirdlevel of a hotel, the audience will shrugand utter “Ouch, that hurts”. From the firstdays of our life, we are always surroundedby and engage in interactions with otherhumans. The question arises of how weknow when somebody is happy, or is hav-ing pain? How can we explain that aninfant, who never saw herself in a mirror,responds with a smile to the smile of hermother? More generally: How do we knowabout the emotions and intentions of otherliving beings?

In 1903, Theodor Lipps introduced thenotion of empathy into the systematicresearch on our knowledge of the mentallife of others. Only recently, empathygained more attention in consciousnessstudies. We now have a better understand-ing of the underlying mechanisms of ourempathic abilities (cf. Stamenov et al. 2002;Adolphs 2003). The results of studies on theperception of emotions and actions suggestthat there exist matching systems in thehuman brain for emotional experience/per-ception and action execution/observation.It has become an empirically plausiblehypothesis that perceiving somebody elseexecuting an action triggers activation ofour own motor representations and associ-ated somatic responses. In turn, perceptionof emotions in others triggers responses insomatosensory cortices that correspond tothe way activations would occur if theobserver would feel the same.

Self-Other Co-determination

Contact:Marcello Ghin, M.A.


Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 37 44


Brain activation in individuals who perceive other persons hand-movements. Rizzolatti,

Fogassi & Gallese 2001

Brain activation in individuals who perceive other persons in painful situations.

Jean Decety 2003

The aim of the project is to develop atheory of how these internal representa-tions of intentions and emotions participatein the generation of conscious experience.It will be argued that consciousness is bestunderstood as a representational process bywhich information is made globally avail-able for further processing, thus generatinga phenomenal model of the world, theorganism itself, and the relation of the two(cf. Metzinger, 2003).

Furthermore, we suggest to differentiatebetween different types of conscious (phe-nomenal and intentional) content that co-vary with different levels of empathic abili-ties, arguing that, in standard configura-tions, social interaction is a necessary con-dition for the development of human self-consciousness.

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Thinking and LanguageProf. Dr. phil. hist. Manfred Wettler

Cognitive PsychologyCognitive Psychology

Workgroup82

Text taken from: Friedrich vonSchiller – Why and for what reasondoes one study universal history?Inaugural lecture at the Universityof Jena 1789.

Gra

phic

: R. Z

inkh

öfer

Knowledge only becomes useful when it can be accessed in a flexible manner that meets the needs at hand. A prereq-uisite for the development of computer programs that canachieve this is knowledge about both human information processing mechanisms and our ability to understand naturallanguages. This is the focus of the research group in Cogni-tive Psychology.

http://wwwhni.upb.de/kp/

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Cognitive Psychology 83

Hybrid Models for the Description

and Simulation of Cognitive and

Linguistic Processes

With the help of trainable associative net-works, various cognitive and linguistic abil-ities can be simulated. Previously, theattempt had been made (with little suc-cess) to explain how these abilities arise in terms of symbolic, rule-based processes.Examples of such abilities include the dis-ambiguation of words with multiple mean-ings through the use of context, the pro-duction of free associations in response togiven words and sentences, decision-mak-ing under uncertainty and the learning ofcomplex facts and interrelations.

Nevertheless, the range of potentialapplications for these models remains lim-ited due to the fact that they cannot takeinto account the serial nature of languageand thinking. To solve this problem, we aredeveloping hybrid models in which theinteraction of simultaneously operatingmodules can be described. These modelsare being used for the solution of problemsin computational linguistics, the predictionof the communicative effect of advertisingtexts and the development of tutorial sys-tems.

Research and Practical Application

Although the results of our research havebeen successfully applied in various practi-cal domains, these practical applicationsare not the primary goal of our research. As a university institute, it is our responsi-bility to develop knowledge fundamentals.The future competitiveness of local indus-try will be highly dependent on institutesof higher education continuing to carryout basic research and train researcherswith the theoretical and methodologicalknowledge that is also necessary forapplied research.

In the period covered by this report, theresearch group in Cognitive Psychologywas working on the following projects:

The Simulation of Associative

Processes

From the statistical analysis of largemachine-readable corpora, the commu-nicative effect of texts can be predicted.

The Computational Syntactic

Analysis of Natural Languages

The aim of this project is the creation ofprograms, which are capable of determin-ing the structure of arbitrary sentences,even those with complex embedding.

Frequency Estimates

Intuitive estimates of the frequency ofevent classes determines political, econom-ic and private decisions. Which systematicerrors do we succumb to and how can theybe prevented?

Tutorial Systems

Effective CAI-Programs make use of knowl-edge about the problem representation andlearning mechanisms of the user.

Psychology can only be studied as aminor subject in Paderborn. Our courseoffering provides students from the Arts,Science and Engineering faculties with asystematic introduction to Cognitive Psy-chology and related fields such as Cogni-tive Science, Computational Linguistics andArtificial Intelligence. Our courses areattended by interested research studentsfrom all disciplines.

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Workgroup84

Language Hybrid Systems for the Simulation of Linguistic Processes

Contact:Prof. Dr. Manfred WettlerE-mail: [email protected]: +49 (0) 5251|60 29 00Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 35 28

http://www-psycho.upb.de/zinki/psychologie.html

Associative structure of the concept “coffee” (below left) of a positioning (centre) and a treatment(above left). For learning the associative connections,machine-readable texts consisting of 300 millionwords in total were used.

Sedlmeier, Peter; Betsch, Tilmann: etc. frequency processing and cognition. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002

The longterm goal of our psycholinguisticand computer linguistic research is to cre-ate a system via which natural languagequestions about the content of any storedtext can be answered. To achieve this, twoproblems, among others, must be solved.

1. The identification of the sentencestructure of simple and compound sen-tences in German. In general, this problem is dealt with bytackling a small but linguistically interest-ing subset of the overall potential sentenceconstructions. In this respect, we are fol-lowing a “solid” approach: the programshould be able to analyse any text, even ifthis means foregoing a thorough linguisticanalysis. With the programs that weredeveloped during the period covered bythis report, it is possible to identify themain verb in any main clause and to breakdown multiple embedded sentence con-structions into their constituent parts.

2. The automatic identification of simi-larity and cohesion between concepts. For this purpose we are making use ofauto-associative networks. These aretrained using large machine-readable cor-pora. Among other functions they can beused to assign polysemous words to theirrespective correct meanings on the basis ofcontext, to identify the referents of pro-nouns and to predict the communicativeeffect of texts. The networks we are devel-oping are being used in marketing, to solveinformation retrieval problems and in lin-guistic data processing. During the periodcovered by this report we developed andimplemented new and efficient algorithmsfor the training of associative conceptualnetworks and tested these empirically.Moreover, we increased our collection ofmachine-readable texts considerably, andnow have at our disposal what is, to ourknowledge, the largest corpus of Germanlanguage texts.

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Cognitive Psychology 85

Which cause of death is more common:stomach cancer or road accidents? Mostpeople incorrectly presume road accidents– why? Because they are more frequentlyconfronted with information about roadaccidents than with similar reports aboutstomach cancer. The processing of frequen-cies of occurrence is the basis for manyjudgement and decision processes andplays a decisive role in the learning of cat-egories and causal relationships. In the cur-rent DFG-Project a central aspect of theprocessing of frequencies is being exam-ined in more detail: How can frequencyestimates be systematically influenced?Admittedly, there are numerous findingsindicating that such influence is possible,however, up till now the studies have beenrather unsystematic, and the explanationsfor the observed effects are often of apost-hoc nature. Our theoretical basis is aself-developed hybrid model consisting of aneural network and a production systemthat is based on the theory of associativelearning. This model gives predictionsabout when frequency of occurrence esti-mates are distorted and when they are inaccordance with actual facts. Three majorinfluences that can distort frequency ofoccurrence estimates are currently beingexamined in greater detail: the impact ofprior knowledge, the role of attention-directing processes during the encoding ofinformation and the influence of additionalinformation. In the period covered by thisreport we carried out a series of experi-ments in which such predictions were suc-cessfully tested. The general goal is to cre-ate a precise, integrative process-model ofhow frequency of occurrence estimatesarise. A model of this type could be usedfor the prevention of judgemental errors,which play an important role in economicand political but also everyday decisions.

Where do decisions come from?

In economics decisions are explained asoutcomes of rational thinking: A personwho has to come to a decision assesses theprobabilities and the importance of all pos-sible consequences and compares theexpected utilities of the different alterna-tives. Experiments of Kahnemann, thisyear's Nobel prize winner for economics,have shown that frequently decisions donot correspond to this theory. We developmodels which explain decisions as theresult of associative learning (the rat“decides” whether to go to the left or tothe right in the T-maze). By means of com-puter simulations we generate and testpredictions which different models oflearning make about decisions in experi-mental settings.

Thinking and Decision MakingFrequency Processing

Sedlmeier, Peter: Improving statistical reasoning:theoretical models and practical implications. London: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1999.

Sedlmeier, Peter; Köhlers, Detlef: Wahrscheinlichkeiten im Alltag. Westermann, 2001.

Contact:Prof. Dr. Peter Sedlmeier


Fax: +49 (0) 371|531 64 10

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Heinz Nixdorf Institute86

The internet and the available services therein are constantlyevolving. This opens new areas of utilization for computersand provides the user with a powerful yet more and morecomplex tool to work with. However, it also makes the com-puter more vulnerable to attacks from hackers and malicioussoftware like viruses, worms, trojans or spyware. The securityof the local network, the connected clients and the storeddata, always was a central concern of the HNI networking andadministration group.

Networking Strategies Dipl.-Inform. Markus Hohenhaus


http://wwwhni.upb.de/rb/


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Computer Operation Activities 87

Tasks of the HNI Networking and

Administration Group

The central user management, the installa-tion and maintenance of internet serviceslike mail, web, file and print services, thebackup of user data and the installation ofworkstations used by the staff and students,are the primary tasks for the networkingand administration group. At the momentwe provide support for Windows, Linux undUNIX based workstations and servers.

Securing the network and all resourcestherein has a top priority. Therefore we usea firewall to protect the network fromattackers from the internet and installed avirus scanner on all workstations. Incomingmails are also scanned automatically beforethey are delivered to the local mailboxes.That is, why the recent attacks of wormsand viruses in the last months didn’t haveany effect on us.

Changes in 2004

One major change this year was the changeof Mr. Dipl. Ing. Christopher Odenbach fromthe HNI network and administration groupto the Center for IT of the University ofPaderborn. His position is taken by Mr. Dipl.Inform. Markus Hohenhaus since the 15th

of June.By replacing the workstations for all

staff members, we were able to finally con-duct a highly anticipated change this year.The new hardware should be sufficient forall tasks in the upcoming next few years.Although we tried to consider the individualrequirements of all research groups for theconfiguration of the workstations, we hadto find a compromise between performanceand reliability. We believe that the resultingconfiguration will fulfill the requirements ofthe staff members and the administrationalike. In the course of purchasing the work-stations we were also able to buy new serv-er hardware to increase the reliability andperformance of the existing services. Thenew hardware will slowly replace the exist-ing hardware and will also invent new ser-vices to our network. One, for example, willbe a central high available file service. Thiswill help us to get rid of the problem withlow storage space on the research groups

file servers. The new Windows TerminalServer is also one of new servers andtogether with the installation of WindowsServer 2003, has increased the performancefor terminal services significantly.

Software updates, Modifications

and the WWW

Regrettably not without interference of theregular service, we had to rearrange theroom where our server hardware is placed.This was necessary for the new hardware tobe integrated there. While installing thenew hardware we also rearranged thecabling and installed new active networkcomponents, which provides us with moreflexibility for future expansions in hardware.The migration from a Windows 2000 to aWindows 2003 domain also was a veryimportant step to increasing reliability andcompatibility between our Windows XPworkstations and the Windows servers.Additionally the Windows 2003 serverimproves the manageability of Windowsnetworks and the integration in heteroge-neous network neighbourhoods like ours.

One major concern this year was, andstill is, the redesign of the HNI internetpresence. Together with the PR Team we areworking on a new fresh design for the webpages which is orientated on the design ofthis report. Along with the redesign we arealso working on the integration of theinternet presence in a content managementsystem. This will make the administrationand maintenance easier and will provideour staff with new means for the creationand publishing of new content. We plan tohave the majority of web pages ready fordeployment at the end of the first quarterin 2005 with the rest of the internet pres-ence following closely.

Space saving Arrangement ofthe Server Systems Facility

New Server and Storage Systems of the Heinz Nixdorf Institute

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HNI_2004_18_89_GB 14.02.2005 11:17 Uhr Seite 88

Additional Activities 89

• Publications

• Fairs/Conferences/Seminars

• Patents

• Prizes/Awards

• Additional Functions

• Spin-Offs

• Current Research Projects

• Current Industry Co-operations

• Scientific Co-operations

Additional ActivitiesAdditional Activities

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Workgroups90

PublicationsDangelmaier, W.; Lessing, H.:Multiple lineare Regres-sion – Ressourcenplanung in einem Logistiknetzwerk,Beschaffung Aktuell (2003) 9, pp. 43–47.

Dangelmaier, W.; Pape, U.; Rüther, M.: Ein dezentralesPlanungs- und Steuerungssystem für die Beschaffungvon Sekundärbedarfen innerhalb der Supply Chain.In: Spengler, Th.; Voss, St.; Kopfer, H. (Hrsg.): LogistikManagement. Prozesse, System, Ausbildung. pp. 133–144. Heidelberg: Physica 2003.

Dangelmaier, W.: Technologie kann Planung nichtersetzen. Pictures of the Future – Zeitschrift fürForschung und Innovation. Herbst 2003, pp. 26.

Dangelmaier, W.: Methodentransfer in den Maschi-nenbau. Scope 43 (2003) 10, pp. 94.

Dangelmaier, W.; Franke, H., Kösters, Ch.: Ontologien,ein Überblick. WISU 33, 2004, 1, pp. 56–58.

Dangelmaier, W.; Pape, U.; Rüther, M.: Einsatz desCoagenS-Behältermanagements bei Sedus Stoll.Steuerungssystem bei Transportbehältern. is-report 8 (2004) 1+2, pp. 48–49.

Dangelmaier, W.; Franke, H.; Klöpper, B.; Kösters, Ch.:Synchronously communicating agents for parallelimprovements in transport logistics. In: ArtificialIntelligence and Applications AIA. Innsbruck, Austria,15–19 Februar 2004.

Dangelmaier, W; Giese, H.; Klein, F.; Renken, H.; Schei-deler, P.: Shared Experiences in Intelligent Transporta-tion Systems. In 5th IFAC/EURON Symposium onIntelligent Autonomous Vehicles. IFAC, Elsevier Sci-ence, 5–7 July 2004.

Dangelmaier, W.; Leichtnam, G.; Scheideler, P.;Schmidt, A.: Knowledge Communication for Intelli-gent Mechatronic Systems. In: 4th Intern. ICSC Sym-posium on Engineering of Intelligent Systems, Funchal, Portugal, 29 February–2 Mach 2004. ICSCInterdisciplinary Research Canada, ICSC AcademicPress. 2004.

Dangelmaier, W.; Scheideler, P.; Schmidt, A.: Repre-senting Knowledge of Hierarchical Mechatronic Systems in Web-Ontologies. In: M. Hamza, editor,Artificial Intelligence and Applications, pages 571-576. IASTED, ACTA Press, Calgary, Canada,16–18 February 2004.

Dangelmaier, W.; Uebel, M.; Helmke, St.; Spindler, Th.:Outsourcing von Kundenservice-Leistung. ServiceLevel Agreements, Beispiel Wincor Nixdorf, Beschaf-fung Aktuell (2004) 3, pp. 42–45.

Dangelmaier, W.; Emmrich, A.; Gajewski, T; Heidenre-ich, J.: Ein Referenzmodell zur Beschreibung derGeschäftsprozesse von After-Sales-Dienstleistungen.In: Becker, J.; Delfmann, P. (Hrsg.): Referenzmodel-lierung. pp. 73–97. Heidelberg: Physica 2004.

Dangelmaier, W.: Collaborative-SCM als Schnittstel-lendefinition zwischen Kunde und Lieferant. In: Dan-gelmaier, W.; Kaschula, D.; Neumann, J. (Hrsg.): Sup-ply Chain Management in der Automobil- undZulieferindustrie. pp. 9–66. ALB-HNI-Verlagsschriften-reihe Innovative Produktion und Logistik, Bd. 12.Paderborn: Fraunhofer Anwendungszentrum Logis-tikorientierte Betriebswirtschaft 2004.

Dangelmaier, W.; Laroque, Chr.; Mueck, B.: Integrationinteraktiver Benutzer in ein modulares Gesamtsystemfür digitale Fabriken. In: Dangelmaier, W.; Kaschula,D.; Neumann, J. (Hrsg.): Supply Chain Management inder Automobil- und Zulieferindustrie. pp. 149–158.ALB-HNI-Verlagsschriftenreihe Innovative Produktionund Logistik, Bd. 12. Paderborn: Fraunhofer Anwen-dungszentrum Logistikorientierte Betriebswirtschaft2004.

Bock, St.; Dangelmaier, W.; Franke, H.: Einsatz wech-selseitig asynchron und synchron kommunizierenderAgenten in der Transportplanung in: Dangelmaier, W.;Kaschula, D.; Neumann, J. (Hrsg.): Supply Chain Man-agement in der Automobil- und Zulieferindustrie. pp. 401–416. ALB-HNI-Verlagsschriftenreihe Innova-tive Produktion und Logistik. Bd. 12. Paderborn:Fraunhofer Anwendungszentrum LogistikorientierteBetriebswirtschaft 2004.

Dangelmaier, W.; Pape, U.; Rüther, M.: Internet-basierte Steuerung von Transportbehältern handlingApril 2004 (Heft 4/5) pp. 114–115.

Dangelmaier, W.; Emmrich, A.; Kösters, C.: Analyse derWirtschaftlichkeit und Umweltverträglichkeit dezen-traler Energieversorgungssysteme in: ZfE Zeitschriftfür Energiewirtschaft 28 (2004) 1, pp. 45–53.

Dangelmaier, W.; Pape, U.; Rüther, M.: System-unterstütztes Lieferantenmanagement in: Wisu 33 (2004) 4, pp. 520–532.

Dangelmaier, W.; Franke, H.; Klöpper, B.; Scheideler, P.:Agent-based Simulation of Transportation Nets. In:Coelho, H.; Espinasse, B. (Hrsg.): 5th Workshop onAgent-based Simulation. Lisboa, Portugal, 3–5 Mai2004, pp. 174–179

Kriesel, C.; Dangelmaier, W.: A Model for the StrategicPlanning of Corporate StructuresIn: Harvey, R. J.; Geraldi, J. G.; Adlbrecht, G. (Hrsg.):Global Project and Manufacturing Management. pp. 63–75. Universität Siegen 2004. ISBN 3-00-013666-5.

Dangelmaier, W.; Bosau, J.; Mueck, B.; Pape, U.: Ein-satz der SAP-Exchange-Infrastruktur bei Integra-tionsszenarien, Wisu 33 (2004) 7, pp. 919–925.

Dangelmaier, W.; Laroque, Chr.; Kriesel, C.; Mueck, B.:Logistical Simulation of a Demand-driven RailwaySystem Using a Discrete Production Simulator.(SCSC’04). In: Bruzzone, A.; Williams, E. (Hrsg.): Pro-ceedings of the 2004 Summer Computer SimulationConference (SCSC’04) SCS, 2004 – Best Paper FirstRunner-up Award, pp. 300–305.

Dangelmaier, W.; Franke, H.; Klöpper, B.; Scheideler, P.:Modelling and controlling decentralized logistics net-works. (ASM’04). In: Proceedings of the InternationalConference on Applied Simulation and Modelling,Rhodes, Griechenland, Juni 2004.

Franke, H.; Dangelmaier, W.:A web-based Multi-Agent-System for transportation Management toprotect our Natural Environment. Cybernetics andSystems Volume 35 No. 7–8, Oct-Dec 2004, pp. 627–638.

Busch, A.; Dangelmaier, W.; Pape, U.; Rüther, M.:Marktspiegel Supply Chain Management Systeme:Potentiale - Konzepte - Anbieter im Vergleich. Wies-baden: Gabler 2003.

Dangelmaier, W.: Terminplanung mit Vorwärts- undRückwärtsterminierung. In: Koether, R. (Hrsg.):Taschenbuch der Logistik. München: FachbuchverlagLeipzig in Carl Hauser Verlag 2003.

Dangelmaier, W.; Gajewski, T.; Pape, U.; Rüther, M.:Die Optimierung unternehmensübergreifenderProzesse durch den Einsatz von Multi-Agenten-Syste-men im Supply Chain Management. In: Deckmann, H.(Hrsg.): Supply Chain Management Strategien undEntwicklungstendenzen in Spitzenunternehmen. pp. 261–285. Berlin: Springer 2003.

Uebel, M.; Helmke, St.; Dangelmaier, W.: ChangeManagement: Ursachen und Möglichkeiten zurBewältigung von Widerständen bei CRM-Projekten.In: Hippner, H.; Wilde, K. (Hrsg.): Management vonCRM-Projekten. Handlungsempfehlungen undBranchenkonzepte. pp. 183–196. Wiesbaden. Gabler 2004.

Dangelmaier, W.; Pape, U.; Rüther, M.: Agentensys-teme für das Supply Chain Management. Grundla-gen-Konzepte-Anwendungen. Wiesbaden: DeutscherUniversitäts-Verlag 2004.

Heller, F.: Wissensbasiertes Online-Störungsmanage-ment flexibler, hochautomatisierter Montagesysteme.HNI-Verlagsschriftenreihe Band 129. Hrsg. von W.Dangelmaier. Paderborn: Heinz Nixdorf Institut 2003.

Hamady, M.: Ein Ansatz zur Gestaltung des operativ-en Fertigungsmanagements innerhalb der Lieferkette– Umsetzung am Beispiel eines Automobilzulieferers.HNI-Verlagsschriftenreihe Band 132. Hrsg. von W.Dangelmaier, Paderborn: Heinz Nixdorf Institut 2003.

Uebel, M.: Ein Modell zur Steuerung der Kundenbear-beitung im Rahmen des Vertriebsmanagements. HNI-Verlagsschriftenreihe Band 134. Hrsg. von W. Dangel-maier. Paderborn: Heinz Nixdorf Institut 2003.

Uebel, M.: Helmke, St.; Dangelmaier, W. (Hrsg.): Praxisdes Customer Relationship Managements. Branchen-lösungen und Erfahrungsberichte. 2. Auflage Wies-baden: Gabler 2004.

Mueck, B.; Dittmann, N.: Marktanalyse: Materialfluss-Simulatoren. ALB-HNI-Verlagsschriftenreihe Band 11.Hrsg. von W. Dangelmaier, Paderborn: Fraunhofer-Anwendungszentrum für Logistikorientierte Betrieb-swirtschaft 2003.

Dangelmaier, W.; Kaschula, D.; Neumann, J. (Hrsg.):Supply Chain Management in der Automobil- undZulieferindustrie. ALB-HNI-VerlagsschriftenreiheInnovative Produktion und Logistik Bd. 12. Paderborn:Fraunhofer Anwendungszentrum LogistikorientierteBetriebswirtschaft 2004.

Busch, A.; Dangelmaier, W.: Integriertes Supply ChainManagement. Theorie und Praxis effektiverunternehmensübergreifender Geschäftsprozesse. 2. Auflage. Wiesbaden: Gabler 2004

Dangelmaier, W.; Mueck, B.; Laroque, Chr.; R Mahajan,K.: d3FACT insight: A Simulation-Tool for multiresolu-tion material flow modells. In: Lipovszki, György; Molnár, István (Hrsg.): Simulation in Industry – 16th European Simulation Symposium (ESS2004) SCS – Europe, 2004, pp. 17–22

Dangelmaier, W.; Scheideler, P.; Brüggemann, D.:Solving Conflicts in Knowledge CommunicationProcesses in a Multi-Agent Scenario. In: International

Workgroup Business Computing, especially CIMProf. Dr.-Ing. habil. Wilhelm Dangelmaier

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Conference on Modelling, Simulation and Optimiza-tion. Kauai, USA, 17–19 August 2004

Dangelmaier, W.; Laroque, Chr.; Mueck, B.; Renner, P.:Interaktionsmechanismen zur kooperativen Simula-tion von Materialflusssimulationen. In: Mertins, Kai;Rabe, Markus (Hrsg.): Experiences from the Future -New Methods and Applications in Simulation for Pro-duction and Logistics, Fraunhofer IRB Verlag, 2004,pp. 433–441

Dangelmaier, W.; Scheideler, P.: Solving Route Plan-ning Problems with Experiences. In: InternationalConference on Applied Simulation and Modelling.Rhodes, Greece, 28–30 Juni 2004

Dangelmaier, W.; Franke, H.; Klöpper, B.; Scheideler, P.:Modelling and controlling decentralized logistics net-works. In: APPLIED SIMULATION AND MODELLING(ASM04). Rhodes, Greece, 28–30 Juni 2004

Emmrich, A.; Dangelmaier, W.; Ihnen, F.; Rogaischus,A.: Services in the German automotive supplierindustry. In: Gustafsson, Anders; Brown, Stephen W;Johnston, Robert; Edvardsson, Bo (Hrsg.): ServiceExcellence in Management: Interdisciplinary Contri-butions Bd. 1 Service Research Center – CTF, 2004

Dangelmaier, W.; Laroque, Chr.; Mueck, B.; Renner, P.:Improved Process Planning by a Material Flow Simu-lation with Multi-User-Support. In: Baake, Uwe F.;Herbst, Joachim; Landeghem, Rik van (Hrsg.): 11th

Annual European Concurrent Engineering Conference2004 (ECEC) EUROSIS, 2004, pp. 59–63

Dangelmaier, W.; Laroque, Chr.; Mueck, B.; Fischer, M.;Kortenjan, M.: Guidance of Users in Interactive 3D-Visualisations of Material Flow Simulations. In:Schulz, Thomas; Schlechtweg, Stefan; Hinz, Volkmar(Hrsg.): Simulation and Visualisation 2004. Magde-burg: SCS European Publishing House, 4.–5. März2004, pp. 73–83

Franke, H.; Dangelmaier, W.; Klöpper, B.; Kösters, C.:Synchronously communicating agents for parallelimprovements in transport logistics. In: ArtificialIntelligence and Applications AIA. Innsbruck, Austria,15–19 Februar 2004

Dangelmaier, W.; Pape, U.; Rüther, M.: Steuerungs-system für Transportbehälter/Heinz Nixdorf Institut,2004. – Forschungsbericht

Fairs/Conferences/Seminars6. Paderborner Frühjahrstagung – Supply-Chain-Management in the automotive and supllier industry– unique selling proposition or cost catchOn April 15th, the 6th „Paderborner Frühjahrstagung“took place at the Heinz Nixdorf Institute. This yearfocused especially on the value-added chain of theautomotive and supplier industry. More transparentmarkets leaded to challenge and improve existingbusiness process models. Innovative companies focuson the improvement of their supply chain. They don’treagard themselves as single competitors, but as onepart of a cooperative chain, which only can be opti-mized en bloc. The critical question is, on whichdevelopments has to be reacted.Characteristic problems were raised in talks and dis-cussions. More than 200 participants used the oppor-tunity to inform themselves about research, theoryand practical experience in 4 parallel sessions. Espe-cially collaborative SCM was of a high interest.

Prizes/AwardsBest-Paper First Runner up Award of the SummerComputer Simulation Conference 2004 (SCSC’04),San Jose, California

Additional Functions· Management of the Fraunhofer-Anwendungszen-trums für Logistikorientierte Betriebswirtschaft (ALB)

· Member of advisory committee of Cartec Lippstadt· Member of advisory committee of CentConsult Pro.X GmbH

· Member of advisory committee of Paderborner Center for Parallel Computing (PC2)

· Member of advisory committee of BundesverbandesLogistik (BVL)

· Head of Competence Center PPS-SCM-Systems, EAI-Systems, Electronic Marketplaces and CAS-CRm-Systems of the NetSkill AG

Spin-OffsDr. KettererDr. Ketterer deals with the development, construc-tion, and introduction of branch solutions, especiallyin co-operation with leading EDP and software pro-ducers. At that he draws on detailed SAP-experience.

Fraunhofer Center for Logistic-orientated business management (ALB)The ALB is concerned with all technological businessissues that occur with the creation and implementa-tion of in-house and corporate production and logis-tics processes, and that can be solved by dint of inno-vative information technology.

NetSkill AGThe Net-Skill Inc. manages and markets competencesite, a coaching network for managers. It providesreasonable prepared practice-tips, studies, articles,and guidelines from highly qualified experts from thefields of management, business systems, and law.

Pro.X GmbHThe Pro.X Ltd offers competent advise and applica-tion-support in the sector of process optimizing intrade and industry. Starting from the process of serv-ice production an optimal workflow organization isdeveloped which functions as an widespread reor-ganization concept and which can come up to thereplacement of a PPS-system.

entrice GmbHThe entice GmbH supports its customers in the development of individual software solutions fromapplication hosting in its own computer center to the implementation of own software projects. Furthermore special seminars are offered in the areas e-business and mobility.

IPT Software GmbHDuring the last years IPT developed in cooperationwith industry and science special methods to meetthe requirements for quality and productivity in thehighly automated manufacturing processes. In addi-tion to new software products IPT’s work containsconsulting, guidance and individual support at thecustomer.

Current Research ProjectsCoagenS – Adaptive production networks in series manufacturingCoagenS is meant to support production planningand controlling in production networks via multi-agent-systems to provide significantly improvedresults compared to PPS- and SCM-systemsemployed today. CoagenS unifies industrial enterpris-es as users, software-houses as product developersand the HNI as their universitary partners. Supportinginstitution: BMBF

SFB 376 “Massively Parallel Computing: Algorithms –Design Methods - Applications”, project C2: “real-time, hierachical planing and control of networkedproduction systems ”Goal of the research are online-planning and -controlsystems for production and logistics, which are quali-tative equal to offline-systems because of their paral-lel approach. Supporting institution: DFG

SFB 614: “Self-Optimizing Concept and Structure inMechanical Engineering“, project A2: “Behavior-ori-entated Self-Optimization“Goal ist he formulation of a behavior-orientated self-optimization. It dynamically adjusts the behavior of amechatronic system to its environment, without theuse of explicit models. Supporting institution: DFG

DFG program “modeling of production”, project “sim-ulation of production chains and their dynamicallyadjusted detail fort he use in a virtual environment”Goal of the project ist he devepolment of a basis fora simulation tool, in which the user is active part ofthe simulation. Supporting institution: DFG

Project “Interdisziplinäre Forschungsarbeiten in denGebieten Modellierung und Simulation sowie Daten-strukturen und Algorithmen, Aktive Benutzerunter-stützung zur Analyse von Materialflusssimulationenin virtuellen Umgebungen, Datenstrukturen, Render-ing- und Approximationsalgorithmen zur Darstellungvirtueller, geometrischer 3D-Szenen“ (computer-aidedanalysis of material-flow-simulations in virtual envi-ronments). Supporting institution: DFG

Project “Rechnerunterstützte Konstruktion von Systemen zur Lenkung der Fertigung” (computer-aided construction fort he monitoring of the manufacturing) Goal of this project is a component library for theconfiguration of a monitoring system based on themodel-based description of a production system.Supporting institution: DFG

Graduiertenkolleg “Parallele Rechnernetzwerke in derProduktionstechnik” Supporting institution: DFG

NRW-Graduate-School “Graduate School of DynamicIntelligent Systems“

Interdisciplinary cooperation project “Neue Bahn-technik Paderborn” NBP Here the project group develops among other thingsan agent-based, absolutely distributed operationalconcept for an objective-adjusted traffic. Supportinginstitution: North Rhine-Westphalia /University ofPaderborn

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Workgroups92

Workgroup Computer Integrated ManufacturingProf. Dr.-Ing. Jürgen Gausemeier

Current Industry Co-operationsPavone AGCreation of business processes in the context ofclient-server surroundings; Specifications SCM-sys-tems; Development of a concept for a further devel-oped expert-engine

BWM Werk LeipzigCooperation with the “Digitale Fabrik Werk Leipzig“ of the BMW Group, Plant Leipzig

arvato logistics servicessimulation of a distribution center

Volkswagen AGDevelopment of an ontegrated scheduling softwarefort he motor prduction of the plants Chemnitz &Salzgitter

Continental Teves AG & Co oHGExpansion of production planning and -monitoringwith OOPUS-DPS for all European sitesDevelopment of a tool fort he classification of thesupplier

Bombardier Transportation (Signal) Germany GmbHObjective of the cooperation is the conception ofnew operational concepts and the development ofsupporting tools

Siemens DematicMethod development for improving software engi-neering for warehouse-management-systems

Knorr Bremse AGIntention of the cooperation is the enhancement of Knorr’s AG’s delivery reliability to 95%Development of an e-learning portal for logistics

Degussa AGDSS: Design and development of a Decision SupportSystem for optimisation und simulation of transportchainsFIST: Design, development and introduction of afreight-charge-information-system Development of a location-information-system for storehouses and distributors

Scientific Co-operationsHelwan University Cairo, EgyptProf. Dr.-Ing. M. Osman

PublicationsBalazova, M.: Methode zur Leistungsbewertung undLeistungssteigerung der Mechatronikentwicklung.Dissertation, Fakultät für Maschinenbau, UniversitätPaderborn, HNI-Verlagsschriftenreihe, Paderborn,2004

Bätzel, D.: Methode zur Ermittlung und Bewertungvon Strategiealternativen im Kontext Fertigungstech-nik. Dissertation, Fakultät für Maschinenbau, Univer-sität Paderborn, HNI-Verlagsschriftenreihe Band 141,Paderborn, 2004

Beier, D.; Fründ, J.; Matysczok, C.; Reimann, C.; Rosenbach, W.; Stichling, D.: AR-PDA: Ein mobilesProduktpräsentationssystem. In: Keil-Slawik, R.; Selke,H.; Szwillus, G. (Hrsg.): Mensch&Computer 2004: All-gegenwärtige Interaktion. Oldenbourg Verlag, 2004

Beier, D.; Fründ, J.; Matysczok, C.; Reimann, C.; Rosenbach, W.; Stichling, D.: Einsatz der TechnologieAugmented Reality zur Präsentation technischer Produkte. In: Müller, S.; Brunnett, G.; Goebel, M.(Hrsg.): 1. Workshop Erweiterte und Virtuelle Realität,GI-Fachgruppe AR/VR. 27.-28. September 2004, Technische Universität Chemnitz, 2004

Binger, V.: Recognising the Challenges of the Futureand Managing the Business of Tomorrow. Proceedingsof the XV Congress on Machine Tool and Manufac-turing Technologies. Band 15, Fundación de Investi-gación de la Máquina-Herramienta (INVEMA), 2004

Brüseke, U.; Grafe, M.; Wortmann, R.: Nutzenpoten-tiale von AR für die kombinierte virtuelle/realeRekonstruktion historischer Objekte. In: Rekonstruk-tion - Alternativen zur baulichen Wiederherstellung,2004

Brüseke, U.; Grafe, M.; Wortmann, R.; Scharfe, C.;Westphal, H.: VARI - An Augmented Reality Interac-tion Device for Education- and Training-Applications.In: Drews, P. (Hrsg.): Proceedings of Mechatronics&Robotics 2004 (MechRob 2004 (IEEE)). 13.–15. Sep-tember 2004, Sascha Eysoldt Verlag Aachen, 2004

Brüseke, U.; Grafe, M.; Wortmann, R.; Scharfe, C.:Augmented Reality in der Aus- und Weiterbildung amBeispiel der Montage von PC-Komponenten. In:Gausemeier, J.; Grafe, M. (Hrsg.): Augmented und Vir-tual Reality in der Produktentstehung. HNI-Verlagss-chriftenreihe, Band 149, Paderborn, 2004

Dangelmaier, W.; Leichtnam, G.; Scheideler, P.;Schmidt, A.: Knowledge Communication for Intel-ligent Mechatronic Systems. Proceedings of the 4th International ICSC Symposium on Engineering of Intelligent Systems. 29. Februar – 2. März 2004,Funchal, Portugal, ICSC Academic Press, 2004

Dangelmaier, W.; Scheideler, P.; Schmidt, A.: Repre-senting Knowledge of Hierarchical Mechatronic Sys-tems in Web-Ontologies. In: Hamza, M. (Hrsg.): Pro-ceedings Artificial Intelligence and Applications (AIA2004). 16.–18. Februar 2004, Innsbruck, Österreich,ACTA Press, Calgary, Canada, 2004

Frank, U.; Giese, H.; Klein, F.; Oberschelp, O.; Schmidt,A.; Schulz, B.; Vöcking, H.; Witting, K.; Gausemeier, J.(Hrsg.): Selbstoptimierende Systeme des Maschinen-baus - Definitionen und Konzepte. HNI-Verlagss-chriftenreihe, Band 155, Paderborn, 2004

Fründ, J.; Matysczok, C.; Ebbesmeyer, P.; Knobel, M.:AR-PDA: Innovative Product Marketing for InnovativeProducts. Proceedings of the International StatusConference Virtual and Augmented Reality. Leipzig,2004

Gausemeier, J.: Systematik der Fertigungsplanung imKontext virtueller Produktion. ZwF Jahrg. 99 (2004) 6

Gausemeier, J.: Die Szenario-Analyse als Basis fürKompetenzmanagement. In: Rosenstiel, L. von; Pieler,D.; Glas, P. (Hrsg.): Strategisches Kompetenzmanage-ment - Von der Strategie zur Kompetenzentwicklungin der Praxis. Gabler, 2004

Gausemeier, J.: From Mechatronics to Self-optimizingConcepts and Structures in Mechanical Engineering -New Approaches of Design Methodology. Interna-tional Journal of Computer Integrated Manufactur-ing, 2004

Gausemeier, J.: Mehr Wachstum und Beschäftigungdurch Forschung - Oder: An welchen Stellschraubenman drehen muss. In: Bucher, J.; Hoeschen, H.; Linne-mann, C. (Hrsg.): Paderborner Impulse - Persön-lichkeiten geben Denkanstöße. Junger Verlag Pader-born, Paderborn, 2004

Gausemeier, J.; Bauch, J.; Radkowski, R.; Shen, Q.: Eine Virtual Reality-basierte Entwurfsumgebung fürselbstoptimierende mechatronische Systeme. In:Gausemeier, J.; Grafe, M. (Hrsg.): Augmented und Vir-tual Reality in der Produktentstehung. HNI-Verlagss-chriftenreihe, Band 149, Paderborn, 2004

Gausemeier, J.; Bauch, J.; Radkowski, R.; Shen, Q.: A Virtual Reality-based Design Environment for Self-Optimizing Mechatronic Systems. In: Drews, P. (Hrsg.):Proceedings of Mechatronics &Robotics 2004(MechRob 2004 (IEEE)). 13.–15. September 2004,Sascha Eysoldt Verlag Aachen, 2004

Gausemeier, J.; Berger, T.: Ideenmanagement in derstrategischen Produktplanung - Identifikation derProdukte und Geschäftsfelder von morgen. Konstruk-tion, September 9- 2004

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Gausemeier, J.; Binger, V.; Dreher, C.; Kinkel, S.: WZM 20XX - Initiative für die Werkzeugmaschine von morgen. ZwF Jahrg. 99 (2004) 4

Gausemeier, J.; Eckes, R.; Gerdes, K.-H.: Graphischinteraktive Projektierung von Materialflusssteuerun-gen. Industriemanagement 20 (2004) 3

Gausemeier, J.; Frank, U.; Redenius, A.; Steffen, D.:Development of Self-Optimizing Systems. In: Drews,P. (Hrsg.): Proceedings of Mechatronics&Robotics2004 (MechRob 2004 (IEEE)). 13.–15. September2004, Sascha Eysoldt Verlag Aachen, 2004

Gausemeier, J.; Frank, U.; Schmidt, A.; Scheideler, P.;Steffen, D.: Eine Entwurfsmethodik für selbstopti-mierende Systeme. In: Gausemeier, J.; Wallaschek, J.(Hrsg.): Intelligente mechatronische Systeme. HNI-Verlagsschriftenreihe Band 145, Paderborn, 2004

Gausemeier, J.; Frank, U.; Schmidt, A.; Vöcking, H.:Domänenübergreifende Spezifikation der Prinzip-lösung selbstoptimierender Systeme. Tagungsbandzum 2. Gemeinsamen Kolloquium Konstruktionstech-nik - Produktentwicklung und Product Lifecycle Man-agement, 2004

Gausemeier, J.; Fründ, J.; Grafe, M.; Matysczok, C.:Augmented Reality as a New User Interface for theLayout Planning of Manufacturing Systems. In: Ong,S. K.; Nee, A. Y. C. (Hrsg.): Virtual and AugmentedReality in Manufacturing, Springer Verlag, 2004

Gausemeier, J.; Fründ, J.; Matysczok, C.; Radkowski, R.:Cooperative Design Support within AutomobileAdvance Development using Augmented RealityTechnology. Proceedings of the 8th InternationalConference on Computer Supported CooperativeWork in Design. Xiamen, China, 2004

Gausemeier, J.; Fründ, J.; Matysczok, C.; Reimann, C.;Rosenbach, W.: An Augmented Reality User Interfacefor Wearable Computing. Proceedings of the 1stInternational Forum on Applied Wearable ComputingIFAWC 2004. Bremen, 2004

Gausemeier, J.; Grafe, M. (Hrsg.): Augmented&VirtualReality in der Produktentstehung. HNI-Verlagss-chriftenreihe Band 149, Paderborn, 2004

Gausemeier, J.; Grafe, M.; Matysczok, C.: EffizientesProduktionsmanagement durch kontextsensitiveBereitstellung produktionsrelevanter Informationenauf mobilen Endgeräten. In: Dangelmaier, W.; Kaschu-la, D; Neumann, J. (Hrsg.): Supply Chain Managementin der Automobil-Zulieferindustrie. ALB-HNI-Ver-lagsschriftenreihe Band 12, Paderborn, 2004

Gausemeier, J.; Grafe, M.; Matysczok, C.; Radkowski,R.: PC-Cluster für die Visualisierung von hochpolygo-nalen 3D-Modellen in Augmented Reality-Anwen-dungen. In: Gausemeier, J.; Grafe, M. (Hrsg.): Aug-mented und Virtual Reality in der Produktentstehung.HNI-Verlagsschriftenreihe, Band 149, Paderborn, 2004

Gausemeier, J.; Lindemann, U.; Braun, T.; Orlik, L.; Vienenkötter, A.: Ein Vorgehensmodell zur strategis-chen Produkt- und Prozessplanung in kleinen undmittleren Unternehmen. Konstruktion, März 3-2004

Gausemeier, J.; Lindemann, U.; Braun, T.; Orlik, L.;Vienenkötter, A.: Design support by improvingmethod transfer - a procedural model and guidelinesfor strategic product planning in small and medium-sized enterprises. Proceedings of the 8th International

Design Conference Design 2004. 17–20 Mai 2004,Dubrovnik, 2004

Gausemeier, J.; Lindemann, U.; Schuh, G. (Hrsg.): Planung der Produkte und Fertigungssysteme für dieMärkte von morgen – Ein praktischer Leitfaden fürmittelständische Unternehmen des Maschinen- undAnlagenbaus. Frankfurt/M., VDMA Verlag, 2004

Gausemeier, J.; Matysczok, C.; Mueck, B.: Einsatz-potenziale der Technologie Augmented Reality -Interaktive Modellierung und Analyse von Materi-alflusssimulationen. ZwF Jahrg. 99 (2004) 1-2

Gausemeier, J.; Michels, J. S.: Entwicklung und Fertigung mechatronischer Systeme. In: Otti-Kolleg,(Hrsg.): Mechatronik - Funktions- und kosten-optimierte Systemlösungen. Otti Kolleg, 2004

Gausemeier, J.; Michels, J. S.: From Mechatronics toSelf-Optimization. Proceedings of the O.M.P. - Inter-national Trade Fair for Optical and MicrotechnologyProducts. 25-27 Mai 2004, Nürnberg, 2004

Gausemeier, J.; Michels, J. S.; Peitz, T.; Bigl, T.: Integra-tive Development of three-dimensional ElectronicDevices. Proceedings of the 6. International Congress- Molded Interconnect Devices. Research AssociationMolded Interconnect Devices 3-D MID e.V., 2004

Gausemeier, J.; Michels, J. S.; Peitz, T.; Marheine, C.: ADevelopment Environment for Spatial ElectronicDevices in Telecommunications and Network Appli-cations. In: Ferrer, J.; Aguilar, J. (Hrsg.): InternationalConference on Cybernetics and Information Tech-nologies, Systems and Applications Bd. 1. Internation-al Institute of Informatics and Systemics, 2004

Gausemeier, J.; Michels, J. S.; Orlik, L.; Redenius, A.:Modellierung und Planung von Produktentstehung-sprozessen. In: Mechatronischer Systementwurf. Vere-in Deutscher Ingenieure, VDI-Berichte, Düsseldorf,2004

Gausemeier, J.; Michels, J. S.; Redenius, A.: Model-lierung und Planung von Produktentstehung-sprozessen. In: Gausemeier, J.; Wallaschek, J. (Hrsg.):Intelligente mechatronische Systeme. HNI-Verlagss-chriftenreihe Band 145, Paderborn, 2004

Gausemeier, J.; Müller, W.; Paelke, V.; Bauch, J.; Radkowski, R.; Shen, Q.: Lösungselement-basiertesVirtual Prototyping von selbstoptimierenden mecha-tronischen Systemen. In: Schulze, T.; Schlechtweg, S.;Hinz, V. (Hrsg.): Proceedings of the15th ConferenceSimulation and Visualization 2004. 4.-5. März 2004,Otto-von-Guericke Universität Magdeburg, 2004

Gausemeier, J; Müller, W; Paelke, V; Bauch, J; Shen,Q.; Radkowski, R.: Virtual Prototyping Of Self-Opti-mizing Mechatronic Systems. Proceedings of the 8thInternational Design Conference Design 2004. 17–20Mai 2004, Dubrovnik, 2004

Gausemeier, J.; Schmidt, A.; Frank, U.; Steffen, D.:Towards a Design Methodology for Self-OptimizingSystems. Proceedings of the 14th CIRP Design Semi-nar 2004. 16–18 Mai 2004, Cairo Egypt, 2004

Gausemeier, J.; Shen, Q.; Bauch, J.: A Solution Elements based Cooperative Assembly System forMechatronic Virtual Prototyping. Proceedings of the8th International Conference of Computer SupportedCooperative Work in Design, Band 2. 26.–28. Mai2004, Xiamen, China, 2004

Gausemeier, J.; Vienenkötter, A.: Strategische Produkt-und Technologieplanung - systematische Entwicklungvon Produkt- und Produktionssystemenkonzeptionen.Tagungsband 11. Internationales Produktionstechnis-ches Kolloquium PTK 2004. 28.–29. September 2004,Berlin, 2004

Gausemeier, J.; Wallaschek, J. (Hrsg.): Intelligentemechatronische Systeme. HNI-VerlagsschriftenreiheBand 145, Paderborn, 2004

Gehrke, M.; Steffen, D.: Systematischer rechnerunter-stützter Entwurf selbstoptimierender Systeme. Proceedings of the Symposium Design for X.Lehrstuhl für Konstruktionstechnik, Universität Erlan-gen-Nürnberg, 2004

Gehrke, M.; Steffen, D.; Tichy, M.: Optimizing thePrinciple Solution for Mechatronic Systems. In:Drews, P. (Hrsg.): Proceedings of Mechatronics&Robotics 2004 (MechRob 2004 (IEEE)). 13.–15. Sep-tember 2004, Sascha Eysoldt Verlag Aachen, 2004

Grafe, M.; Matysczok, C.; Ebbesmeyer, P.; Krumm, H.:Visualization of Complex Automotive AssemblySequences on Mobile Devices. Proceedings of the 1stInternational Forum on Applied Wearable ComputingIFAWC 2004. Bremen, 2004

Grienitz, V.: Technologieszenarien – Eine Methodikzur Erstellung von Technologieszenarien für diestrategische Technologieplanung. Dissertation,Fakultät für Maschinenbau, Universität Paderborn,HNI-Verlagsschriftenreihe Band 151, Paderborn, 2004

Jania, T.: Änderungsmanagement auf Basis eines inte-grierten Prozess- und Produktdatenmodells mit demZiel einer durchgängigen Komplexitätsbewertung.Dissertation, Fakultät für Maschinenbau, UniversitätPaderborn, HNI-Verlagsschriftenreihe, Paderborn,2004

Koch, M.; Kleinjohann, B.; Schmidt, A.; Scheideler, P.;Münch, E.; Gambuzza, A.; Oberschelp, O.; Hestermeyer,T.: Neuro-Fuzzy Approaches for Self-Optimizing Con-cepts and Structures of Mechatronic Systems. Pro-ceedings of the International Conference on Comput-ing, Communications and Control Technologies(CCCT2004). Austin, Texas, USA, 2004

Koch, M.; Kleinjohann, B.; Schmidt, A.; Scheideler, P.;Saskevic, A.; Münch, E.; Gambuzza, A.; Oberschelp, O.;Hestermeyer, T.: Neuro-Fuzzy Approaches for Self-Optimizing Concepts and Structures of MechatronicSystems. Günne, Mai 2004

Köckerling, M.: Methodische Entwicklung und Opti-mierung der Wirkstruktur mechatronischer Produkte.Dissertation, Fakultät für Maschinenbau, UniversitätPaderborn, HNI-Verlagsschriftenreihe Band 143,Paderborn, 2004

Matysczok, C.: Augmented Reality - Chances andPotentials of a new Man-Machine-Interface. Proceed-ings of the International Digital Media Conference.Cairo, 2004

Matysczok, C.: Dynamische Kantenextraktion – EinVerfahren zur Generierung von Tracking-Informatio-nen für Augmented Reality-Anwendungen auf Basisvon 3D-Referenzmodellen. Dissertation, Fakultät fürMaschinenbau, Universität Paderborn, HNI-Verlagss-chriftenreihe, Paderborn, 2004

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Matysczok, C.; Ebbesmeyer, P.; Krumm, H.; Maciej, J.:Efficient Creation of Augmented Reality Content byusing an Intuitive Authoring System. Proceedings ofthe ASME 2004 Design Engineering Technical Confer-ences and Computers and Information in EngineeringConference, Salt Lake City, USA, 2004

Matysczok, C.; Grafe, M.; Wojdala, A.: A Scalable PC-Cluster Architecture for Highly Polygonal AugmentedReality Applications. Proceedings of the ACM SIG-GRAPH 2004. Los Angeles, USA, 2004

Matysczok, C.; Radkowski, R.; Berssenbrügge, J.: AR-Bowling: Immersive and Realistic Game Play in RealEnvironments Using Augmented Reality. Proceedingsof the ACM SIGCHI International Conference onAdvances in Computer Entertainment TechnologyACE 2004, Singapur, 2004

Möhringer, S.: A Standardising Approach to describeand to compare Design Models for Mechatronics.Proceedings of the 8th International Design Confer-ence Design 2004. 17.–20. Mai 2004, Dubrovnik, 2004

Münch, E.; Oberschelp, O.; Hestermeyer, T.; Scheideler,P.; Schmidt, A.: Distributed Optimization of ReferenceTrajectories for Active Suspension with Multi-AgentSystems. Proceedings of the 18th European Simula-tion Multi-Conference (ESM). 13.–16. Juni 2004,Magdeburg, 2004

Orlik, L.: Wissensbasierte Entscheidungshilfe für diestrategische Produktplanung. Dissertation, Fakultätfür Maschinenbau, Universität Paderborn, HNI-Ver-lagsschriftenreihe, Paderborn, 2004

Redenius, A.; Steffen, D.: Ein Instrumentarium zurPlanung von Produktentwicklungsprozessen. Proceed-ings of the Symposium Design for X. Lehrstuhl fürKonstruktionstechnik, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg,2004

Schäfer, W.; Wagner, R.; Gausemeier, J.; Eckes, R.: AnEngineer’s Workstation to Support Integrated Devel-opment of Flexible Production Control System. In:Ehrig, H.; et al. (Hrsg.): Integration of Software Speci-fication Techniques for Applications in Engineering.Springer Verlag, 2004

Scheideler, P.; Schmidt, A.: On Learning from PastExperience as a Meta-Methodology for the Applica-tion of Self-Optimizing Working-Principles withinComplex Hierarchical Mechatronic Systems. Proceed-ings of the 4th International ICSC Symposium onEngineering of Intelligent Systems. 29. Februar – 2. März 2004, Funchal, Portugal, ICSCAcademic Press, 2004

Scheideler, P.; Schmidt, A.: On the use of Case-BasedWorking-Principles of Self-Optimization for Intelli-gent Shuttle Transportation Systems. In: Hamza, M.(Hrsg.): Proceedings Artificial Intelligence and Appli-cations (AIA 2004). 16.–18. Februar 2004, Innsbruck,Österreich, ACTA Press, Calgary, Canada, 2004

Verein Deutscher Ingenieure (VDI): Entwick-lungsmethodik für mechatronische Systeme. VDI-Richtlinie 2206, Beuth-Verlag, Berlin, 2004

Fairs/Conferences/Seminars4th Innovation Workshop Strategic Product Planning– Getting to know and use methods.Conference for key business figures and decisionmakers who are involved in forward-looking businessmanagement. It contains an overview of innovationprocesses as well as the discussion of success storiesand provides a systematic insight into the methodsand tools to strengthen innovative drive in compa-nies; February 10 to 11, 2004, Glashuetten-Oberems

2nd Paderborn Workshop „Intelligent Mechatronic Systems“Workshop for specialists and executives from industryand research institutes, who work decisivly onresearch and development in sphere of futuremechanical engineering systems. A forum for discus-sion and the exchange of experience is offered. Thetopics are new developments in sensor and actuatorstechnology, methods and software-tools for design,application of Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality,capability of adaption and self-optimisation as wellas the support of interdisciplinary cooperation.March 25 to 26, 2004, Heinz Nixdorf MuseumsForum,Paderborn

3rd Paderborn Workshop “Augmented & Virtual Reality in Product Development”Forum for developers and users from research andindustry for exchanging and discussing currentresults in relation to basic principles and applicationsof VR/AR technology. June 17 to 18, 2004, Heinz Nix-dorf MuseumsForum, Paderborn

International Status-Congress “Virtual & AugmentedReality”The cooperative projects that are sponsored by theBMBF introduced their results from “Virtual and Aug-mented Reality” to international experts and poten-tial users. The project AR-PDA was one project amongothers. February 19 to 20, 2004, Leipzig

Hannover Trade FairThe BMBF presented outstanding results of currentresearch projects. The project AR-PDA introduced thetopic “Virtual and Augmented Reality”. April 19 to 24,2004, Hannover

SMT/Hybrid/Packaging 2004In cooperation with the Competence Network for theProduction of Microelectronics, the BMBF presentedselected cooperative projects. Experts from industryand research institutes were introduced to the resultsand prototypes of the project INERELA. June 15 to 17,2004, Nürnberg

ACM SIGGRAPH 2004A scalable PC-Cluster architecture for high polygo-nally Augmented Reality implementations was pre-sented on the biggest Computergraphic-Congress ofthe world. August 8 to 12, 2004, Los Angeles

IAA – International Motor Show Commercial Vehicles 2004The Heinz Nixdorf Institute enthused 250000 visitorswith an exhibit on the IAA International Motor ShowCommercial Vehicles. The institute was represented byworkgroup of Professor Gausemeier with a T5 Multi-van Augmented Reality experimental platform. TheIAA was a great success for the main exhibitor:“Berliner Kreis – Wissenschaftliches Forum für Pro-duktentwicklung e.V.” September 22 to 30, 2004,Trade Fair Hannover

1st Workshop “Erweiteret und Virtuelle Realität GIFachgruppe AR/VR”Young scientists presented their research results of“Augmented and Virtual Reality”. September 27 to 28,2004, Technische Universität Chemnitz

Additional Functions· Member of the Board and General Manager of the scientific society ”Berliner Kreis – WissenschaftlichesForum für Produktentwicklung e.V.”

· Initiator and Chairman of the supervisory board ofUNITY AG – public limited company involved incompany management and information technology

· Member of supervisory board of Sterling SIHI· Member of “acatech – Konvent für Technikwis-senschaften der Union der deutschen Akademiender Wissenschaften e.V.”

Spin-OffsFASTEC GmbH FASTEC GmbH, founded in 1995, focuses on materialhandling automation, especially on conveyor controls,manufacturing execution systems and integrationservices for assembly automation. Control solutionsrealized by FASTEC are based on engineering toolsdesigned by the company itself. These tools improveengineering efficiency and speed up the implementa-tion of custom specific applications due to featureslike configuration instead of programming and virtualcommissioning. Customers are found in highly inno-vative industries like electronic assembly, automotiveand medical technology. Ultimate flexibility, reliability,process transparency and operator convenience areimportant features of these solutions. One highlightimplemented in FASTEC´s engineering workbench isvirtual commissioning based on a 3D- conveyor sys-tem model, including all sensor and actuators andanimated with the control software for the real PLC.Thus FASTEC gets their customers faster to produc-tion start.Source: http://www.fastec.de

myview systems GmbHmyview systems GmbH , a former spin-off of UNITYAG, specializes in effective product information man-agement in e-business. The myview product familyoffers cross-media publishing for complex productsand online information systems for project engineer-ing and is a mature development platform for infor-mation management on the internet. Source: http://www.myview.de

Scenario Management International AG – ScMI AGScMI AG, founded in 1998, is a public limited compa-ny for company future design and strategic companymanagement. ScMI AG supports companies andorganisations in aligning to market and environmentchanges, developing visionary strategies as well as inthe design and implementation of strategic manage-ment, innovations and forecast processes. Source: http://www.scmi.de

UNITY AGUNITY AG was founded in 1995 as a public limitedcompany for company management and informationtechnology. It develops strategies and processes forindustry and products that will capture the marketsof the future. UNITY AG specializes in forward-look-ing topics such as product innovation, virtual productdevelopment and the digital factory. Besides the twolocations in Büren and Stuttgart, UNITY AG runsnational companies in Switzerland and Egypt.Source: http://www.unity.de

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UNITY Solutions AGUNITY solutions AG was founded as a subsidiary ofUNITY AG in 2001. The consultancy offer includesprocess organization and all information and com-munication technology systems, which are currentlyin use and which will be used in the future in moderncompanies. UNITY solutions AG accompanies its cus-tomers in the successful transition to a global infor-mation society. Source: http://www.unity-solutions.de

Current Research ProjectsAR-PDA - A digital assistant for VR/AR content. The AR-PDA is a hardware and software system formobile devices, such as mobile phones or PDAs,which uses augmented reality technology to supportconsumers when purchasing and using domesticappliances. Supporting institution: BMBF

SFB 614: Self-Optimizing Concepts and Structures inMechanical Engineering.The aim is to explore the basic principles and poten-tial of self-optimization, to verify the results using ademonstrator and to support development using acomprehensive development methodology. The facul-ty plays a leading role in the following subprojects(SP): SP A2: Behaviour-based self-optimization; SPB2: Design methodology; SP B3: Virtual prototyping. Supporting institution: DFG

Integrative Specification of Distributed Control Systems for the Flexible Automated Manufacturing(ISILEIT)The purpose of the ISILEIT project is to develop an integrated method for the design, the analysis and the validation of distributed manufacturing control systems. (DFG-SPP "Integration of softwarespecification techniques for engineering sciencesapplications"). Supporting institution: DFG

Integrative development of spatial electronic components (INERELA) The aim is to provide a suitable environment fordeveloping spatial electronic components in selectedproduct classes (internal connection system,microsensor technique, electro-optical systems). Supporting institution: BMBF

New Rail Technology Paderborn (Rail Cab) The aim of the project is to develop a new type of rail system that unites modern travel way technologywith the advantages of the Transrapid and the use of existing rail lines. The activities focus on: develop-ment and visualization of vehicle and railroad depotconcepts. Supporting institutions: State of North Rhine West-phalia / University of Paderborn

Strategic Product and Process Planning (SPP)SPP specifies the products and processes for the mar-kets of tomorrow. The aim is to put small and medi-um-sized companies in a position to organize theirstrategic planning efficiently and to integrate thisarea in the management process. Supporting institution: BMBF

Virtual NightdriverThe aim is to visualize the light distribution from newheadlamp prototypes in realtime and to evaluate theresults in the context of a night journey on a virtualtest route in the simulator. Supporting institution: Lichtlabor (LLAB), HellaLeuchten-Systeme GmbH (HLS)

WZM20XX – Initiative for the Machine-Tool ofTomorrow – Strategy, Transfer, Effect-AnalysisThe aim of the concomitant scheme to theannouncement “Werkzeugmaschine 2010” of the German Federal Ministry of Education andResearch (BMBF) is the development of a szenario-based instrument that supports the strategic planning in small and medium-sized enterprises. The project is being accomplished in cooperation with the Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Inno-vation Research (ISI). Supporting institution: BMBF

Mini RobotThe product development of miniaturized mecha-tronic systems is to be supported by a developmentenvironment. The development environment shallinclude procedure systematics, specification tech-niques, methods and software-tools. In the range ofthe project, a demonstrator is being developed as aminiaturized robot and produced as a prototype,which, in a medium term, will serve as a researchplatform for different tasks.

wearIT@workThe project wearIT@work researches and developsindustrialy-suited Wearable-Computing-Solutions forthe application fields of car production (Skoda),maintenance of helicopters (EADS), hospital care(gespag) and emergency intervention (the firedepartment of Paris). It is nessessary for specialists ofthis area to be supported directly in their workingprocesses with extreme mobile, or in clothes integrat-ed, information- and communication systems.Supporting institution: European Union

Current Industry Co-OperationsAR based prototyping in the vehicle pre-developmentToday, real prototypes are used to design new vehiclemodels. However, in many cases, no complete realprototypes exist. Merely, partial components areavailable. Other components such as auto body andinterior equipment are just available as 3D-Models inthe computer. Via an AR-system, virtual vehicle partsare shown on real vehicle prototypes to supportreviews and to visualize design alternatives.Customer: Volkswagen Nutzfahrzeuge AG

A Visit Inside a Computer (BIC)The aim is to design and implement a multimediaVR-AR exhibit for explaining the operating mode ofcomputers and the internet. Customer: Heinz Nixdorf MuseumsForum

Conceptual Design in the Area of Motion Power EngineeringWithin the project, new principle solutions for thefree wheel of synchronous pumps with defined rotat-ing direction were aquired in cooperation with theclient. Via the methods of TRIZ, common solutionswere analyzed. New principle solutions were devel-oped and evaluated.Customer: Hanning Elektro-Werke GmbH & Co.KG

MANTYS – New Business Models for the MachineTool IndustryWithin the project, future scenarios for europeanproducers and -users of machine tools were acquired.Customer: CECIMO – European Committee for Co-operation of the Machine Tool Industries

Scenario Project: Domestic AppliancesWithin the project, scenarios of markets and businessenvironments were acquired for a leading producerof domestic appliances. Based on this, the strategicposition is being reviewed.

Scenario Project IWKA GroupWithin the project, scenarios of markets and businessenvironments for the producers of wrappingmachines were acquired. They provide a strategicposition for the customer and his associated andholding companies.Customer: IWKA AG

Mechanical Construction of a Stereo-LithographyToolThe aim was the conception of a prototype for a newstereo-lithography method. This included the formu-lation of a catalog of requirements, the systematicdevelopment of alternative function structures andthe formulation of multiple in-principle solutions.Customer: F &S Stereolithographietechnik GmbH

Industry Analysis Air- and Air-Conditioning TechnologyThe topic was the new positioning of the customer`sbusiness area. Therefore, air- and air-conditioningtechnology and competitors were analyzed. With thehelp of VITOSTRA, a conclusive strategic positioningfor the business area was aquired. Customer: Company of air-conditioning technology

Project Advance DevelopmentThe aim of the project was to upgrade customerinnovation by building up an advance development.Concepts were acquired, which allow, among otherthings, to implement the processes of strategic prod-uct- and technology planning, which will enhancethe integration of product development and produc-tion system development.Customer: Producer of electronic components

Potential Analysis of Laser StructuringThe topic is the potential analysis of the technologylaser structuring for products of the customer. Thisincludes the analysis of existing products in terms oftheir functionality, design and manufacturing tech-nologies used. Based on the assumption analysis,solution concepts are developed as well as recom-mendations for action, which are based on the tech-nology of direct-laser structuring.Customer: Producer of electronic components

Competence AnalysisWithin the project, the competencies of the customerand their potential for development were analyzed.The aim is to present product and service innovationsto the customer, which are based on already existingas well as additional competencies. They turn to rec-ommendations for action for a strategic competitivepositioning and for the required build-up of addition-al competencies.Customer: Company of the automotive supply industry

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PublicationsBaumert, J.: StarOffice 4 Kids – Mitwachsende Soft-ware im Einsatz. In: Keil-Slawik, R.; Selke, H.; Szwillus,G. (Hrsg.): Mensch & Computer 2004, Allgegenwär-tige Interaktion. München: Oldenbourg Verlag, 2004,199–208.

Bertelt, K.; Geißler, S.; Hampel, T.: Semantisch-räum-liche Strukturierung von Wissen – neue Qualitätender kooperativen Wissenskonstruktion durch SVG. In:Engels, G.; Seehusen, S. (Hrsg.): DeLFI 2004 – Die 2. e-Learning Fachtagung Informatik, GI-Edition, LectureNotes in Informatics, 6.–8. September 2004, Pader-born, 361–362.

Bopp, T.; Hampel, T.: “Users and tools want to breaklinks” – a Novel Approach of Unbreakable Links inWWW-based Hypertext Environments. Demonstrationand Poster Proceedings of the Fifteenth ACM Confer-ence on Hypertext and Hypermedia, Hypermedia2004, Santa Cruz, California, USA, August 9–13, 2004, 46–47.

Bopp, T.; Hampel, T.; Eßmann, B.: Connecting VirtualSpaces – Shadow Objects as Key Elements for Weav-ing the Cooperative Space. In: Sixth InternationalConference on Enterprise Information Systems, ICEIS2004, Porto, Portugal, April 14–17, 2004, 475–479.

Eßmann, B.; Hampel, T.: A Whiteboard at Your Finger-tips – Automatic Configuration of e-Learning Servicesin Heterogeneous Network Environment. To appearin: E-Learn 2004, World Conference on E-Learning inCorporate, Government, Healthcare and Higher Education, Washington, DC, USA, November 2004.

Eßmann, B.; Hampel, T.: Collaborative eLearning inReal Places – Deploying Location Awareness for Face-to-Face eLearning Support. To appear in: E-Learn2004, World Conference on E-Learning in Corporate,Government, Healthcare and Higher Education, Washington, DC, USA, November 2004.

Eßmann, B.; Hampel, T.; Bopp, T.: A Network Compo-nent Architecture for Collaboration in Mobile Set-tings. In: Sixth International Conference on EnterpriseInformation Systems, ICEIS 2004, Porto, Portugal,April 14–17, 2004, 337–343.

Geißler, S.; Hampel, T.: Cooperative E-Learning – AnApproach for Combining Cooperative LearningProcesses with E-Learning Technologies. To appear in: E-Learn 2004, World Conference on E-Learning inCorporate, Government, Healthcare and Higher Education, Washington, DC, USA, November 2004.

Geißler, S.; Hampel, T.; Keil-Slawik, R.: Vom virtuellenWissensraum zur Lernumgebung – Kooperatives Lernen als integrativer Ansatz für eine medi-engestützte Bildung. In: Henseler W.; Herczeg, M.;Oberquelle, H.; Prinz, W.: i-com: Zeitschrift für inter-aktive und kooperative Medien, Heft 2/2004, 5–12.

Hampel, T.: Computer Supported Cooperative Learning – a Set of Theses. In: Society for InformationTechnology and Teacher Education International Conference, Vol. 2004, Issue 1, 2004, 937–944.

Hampel, T.: Virtuelle Wissensstrukturierung in einerDeutsch-Chinesischen Lehr- und Forschungskoope-ration. In: Engelien, M.; Meißner, K. (Hrsg.): VirtuelleOrganisation und Neue Medien 2004, Reihe:Telekommunikation @ Mediendienste, Lohmar, Köln:Josef Eul Verlag 2004, 187–198.

Hampel, T.: Spatial Structuring of Virtual KnowledgeSpaces – Bridging the Gap between NavigationalMaps and E-Learning. In: Uskov, V. (Hrsg.): Proceed-ings of the Seventh IASTED International Conferenceon Computers and Advanced Technology in Educa-tion, CATE 2004, August 16–18, Kauai, Hawaii, USA,veröffentlicht auf CD-ROM 428–029.

Hampel, T.; Bopp, T.: sTeam – a Platform for Structur-ing Information in Teams. Demonstration and PosterProceedings of the Fifteenth ACM Conference onHypertext and Hypermedia, Hypermedia 2004, SantaCruz, California, USA, August 9–13, 2004, 18–19.

Hampel, T.; Bopp, T.: Szenarien kooperativen Lernens& Arbeitens über Servergrenzen hinweg. In: Engels,G.; Seehusen, S. (Hrsg.): DeLFI 2004 – Die 2. e-Learn-ing Fachtagung Informatik, GI-Edition, Lecture Notesin Informatics, 6.–8. September 2004, Paderborn,363–364.

Hampel, T.; Büse, D.; Ferber, F.; Xu, L.X.: Virtual Knowl-edge Structuring and Videoconferencing in a Ger-man-Chinese Teaching and Research CooperationProject. To appear in: E-Learn 2004, World Confer-ence on E-Learning in Corporate, Government,Healthcare and Higher Education, Washington, DC,USA, November 2004.

Hampel, T.; Geißler, S.; Bertelt, K.: Spatial KnowledgeOrganization in Cooperative Learning Environments –Combining Shared Whiteboard Technology with SVG.To appear in: E-Learn 2004, World Conference on E-Learning in Corporate, Government, Healthcare andHigher Education, Washington, DC, USA, November2004.

Hampel, T.; Halbsgut, J.; Bopp, T.: Heterogeneous Integration of Services into an open, standardizedWeb Service, A Web Service-Based CSCW/L System.In: Sixth International Conference on EnterpriseInformation Systems, ICEIS 2004, Porto, Portugal,April 14–17, 2004, 182–189.

Hampel, T.; Keil-Slawik, R.; Selke, H.: SemantischeRäume – Von der Navigation zur kooperativen Wissensstrukturierung. In: Keil-Slawik, R.; Selke, H.;Szwillus, G. (Hrsg.): Mensch & Computer 2004, All-gegenwärtige Interaktion. München: Oldenbourg Verlag, 2004, 221–230.

Jeschke, S.; Keil-Slawik, R.: Next Generation ineLearning Technology: Vom “Typografischen Objekt”zum “Ausführbaren Prozess.” In: Rebensburg, K.(Hrsg.): “Grundlagen Multimedialen Lehrens und Lernens”. Alcatel SEL Stiftung für Kommunikations-forschung, Books on Demand: Norderstedt, 2004, 35–46.

Keil-Slawik, R.; Baumert, J.: StarOffice 4 Kids: Mitwachsende Software für den lernenden Nach-wuchs. ForschungsForum Paderborn, 7/2004, 18–22.

Keil-Slawik, R.; Baumert, J.: StarOffice 4 Kids: Mitwachsende Software für den lernenden Nach-wuchs. PLAZ-Forum-Schriftenreihe Heft C-07-2004,29–40.

Keil-Slawik, R.; Selke, H.; Szwillus, G. (Hrsg.): Mensch& Computer 2004, Allgegenwärtige Interaktion. München: Oldenbourg Verlag, 2004.

Nowaczyk, O.: Explorationen und kooperative Explo-rationen – interaktive Medien für die Ausbildung intechnischen Fächern. In: Engels, G.; Seehusen, S.(Hrsg.): DeLFI 2004 – Die 2. e-Learning FachtagungInformatik, GI-Edition, Lecture Notes in Informatics,6.–8. September 2004, Paderborn, 399–400.

Schmidt, C.; Hampel, T.; Bopp, T.: We´ve got a mail! –Eine neue Qualität der Integration von Nachrichten-diensten in die kooperative Wissensorganisation. In: Engels, G.; Seehusen, S. (Hrsg.): DeLFI 2004 – Die 2. e-Learning Fachtagung Informatik, GI-Edition,Lecture Notes in Informatics, 6.–8. September 2004,Paderborn, 211–222.

Schmidt, C.; Hampel, T.; Bopp, T.: We’ve Got Mail! – A New Quality of Integrating E-Mail Services IntoCollaborative E-Learning Environments. To appear in:E-Learn 2004, World Conference on E-Learning inCorporate, Government, Healthcare and Higher Education, Washington, DC, USA, November 2004.

Fairs/Conferences/Seminars3rd Paderborn eLearning DayDemonstration of sTeam at the 3rd Paderborn eLearning Day, Experiences Gained from the Use ofNew Media in Education, 6.1.2004, Paderborn.

1st Paderborner Airport FairParticipation in the 1st Paderborner Airport Fair,22.1.2004, Paderborn.

Learntec KarlsruheParticipation in Learntec, joint exhibition of the stateof NRW, 10.–13.2.2004, Karlsruhe.

CeBIT 2004 in HannoverParticipation in CeBIT, joint exhibition of the state ofNRW, 18.–24.3.2004, Hannover.

3rd Computer Science Day NRWIn a workshop at the 3rd Computer Science Day NRWorganised by the GI SIG “Education in Computer Sci-ence in NRW” together with the “Institute for Didac-tics of Computer Science and E-Learning” of the University of Siegen, results from the project“StarOffice 4 Kids” were presented to interested teachers. 29.03.2004, University of Siegen.

Linux Days, KarlsruheParticipation in the Linux Days, 23.–26.6.2004, Karlsruhe.

Mensch & Computer 2004Organisation and program chair of the joint confer-ence “Mensch & Computer. 4. FachübergreifendeKonferenz. Allgegenwärtige Interaktion” and “DeLFI. 2. Deutsche e-Learning-Fachtagung Informatik derGesellschaft für Informatik e.V.”, 5.–8.9.2004, Paderborn.

Prizes/AwardsOutstanding Paper Awards for two contributionsThe contributions of Geißler and Hampel as well asEßmann, Hampel, Bleckmann, and Sprotte receivedoutstanding paper awards at the World Conferenceon E-Learning in Corporate, Government, Healthcare,& Higher Education in Washington DC, USA.

Workgroup Computers and SocietyProf. Dr.-Ing. Reinhard Keil-Slawik

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Additional FunctionsReinhard Keil-Slawik· Co-editor of the journal “Erwägen – Wissen – Ethik”(Deliberation – Knowledge – Ethics)

· Scientific Director of the “Education Quality ForumNRW”

· Scientific Director of the “Sun Center of Excellencefor Learning Technology” in Paderborn

· Member of the board of trustees of the researchprogramme “Lernkultur Kompetenzentwicklung”(Culture of Learning in the Development of Com-petence) hosted by BMBF

· President of the advisory committee “Lernen imNetz und mit Multimedia (LiNe)” (Learning with theInternet and Multimedia) hosted by BMBF

· Speaker of the expert group on technology of the“Centrum für eCompetence in Hochschulen” (Centre for eCompetence in Universities) NRW

· Member of the expert group on technology of theVirtual University Bavaria

· Member of the advisory committee “Technologie-Zentrum Informatik” (TZI, Center of Technology ofComputer Science), University of Bremen

· Member of the advisory committee of “IWF Wissenund Medien GmbH” (IWF Knowledge and Media),Göttingen

· Member of the research group “Schule und Computer” (Schools and Computers), Paderborn

· Member of the Jury ExaMedia NRW 2004

Thorsten Hampel· Consultant for the Virtual University Bavaria· Consultant for the Ministry of Science and Research NRW – Open Access Initiative Digital Peer Publishing NRW

· Member of the expert group e-Learning for the CDTF (Chinese-German Technical Faculty) inQingdao, China

· Member of the Jury for MEDIDA-PRIX of the GMW· Consultant for the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research, Directorate University,Innovation and Reform of Studies

Current Research ProjectsBID-OWLIn the project “Bildung im Dialog – Ostwestfalen-Lippe” (BID-OWL) an internet-based working environ-ment for educational use is being developed, whichallows a knowledge management through the Inter-net and co-operative learning within and acrossschools.

Lernstatt PaderbornBased on ultra thin client technology, a learning sup-portive IT infrastructure is installed for all schoolswithin Paderborn. This infrastructure is universallyaccessible at all learning places while implementationand administration remain affordable on a long-termbasis.

QuIC – Qualification in Internet Cafés at SchoolsThe goal of the project is to combine new forms of aschool related use of the Internet with new forms ofqualification for girls and women.

StarOffice 4 KidsThis project is concerned with the conception andrealization of a server-centered and web-based soft-ware infrastructure for students and teachers provid-ing a universal desktop through the Internet.

opensTeam – Structuring of Information in a TeamopensTeam is an Open Source approach to kooperativeknowledge organization. Infrastructures and methodsof structuring knowledge in groups, ranging fromdocument management to e-Learning are beingdeveloped and evaluated.

ERWIN _ Developing deliberation components fornet-based discussions in virtual knowledge spacesThis interdisciplinary project brings together experi-ences and results from deliberation culture anddidactics with the concept of virtual knowledgespaces. Deliberation methods will be further devel-oped into tools and components for net-based dis-cussions in virtual knowledge spaces.

Current Industry Co-operationsStarOffice Software Entwicklung GmbH/kippdataInformationstechnologie GmbHGoal of the co-operation is the development of a universal desktop through the Internet (StarOffice 4 Kids), where administration, application, and content are offered as services.

Sun MicrosystemsFor the first time Sun Microsystems has established a “Center of Excellence for Educational Technology”at the University of Paderborn. In this way, SunMicrosystems honours the achievements of the workgroup “Computers and Society” in building andoperating infrastructures which support learningactivities.

Weidmüller-StiftungIn co-operation with the district government in Detmold, a new platform is under development for the realization and presentation of educationalprojects (BID-OWL).

Unger, Welsow & Company GmbHCo-operation in areas of software ergonomics andweb design in co-operation with other companies.

@FRIENDS GmbH & Co. KG Partner für Kundenfindung und KundenbindungCo-operation in the design of a user interface for thetelemarketing system “tele)data SQL” and consultingin the further development of the system.

OWL MaschinenbauImplementation of a cross-company platform forknowledge management and regional e-Learningactivities in mechanical engineering in OstwestfalenLippe.

InnoZent OWLCo-operation in the development of a regional e-Learning competence center and the analysis andevaluation of an NRW-wide search engine for furthereducation, funded by the Ministry of Economy andEmployment NRW.

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PublicationsKlein, Jan; Krokowski, Jens; Fischer, Matthias; Wand,Michael; Wanka, Rolf; Meyer auf der Heide, Fried-helm: The Randomized Sample Tree: A Data Struc-ture for Externally Stored Virtual Environments. In:PRESENCE 13 (2004), December, Nr. 6. – The MITPress, to appear

Klein, Jan; Zachmann, Gabriel: Point Cloud Surfacesusing Geometric Proximity Graphs. In: Computers andGraphics 28 (2004), December, Nr. 6. – Elsevier, to appear

Czumaj, Artur; Sohler, Christian: Sublinear-TimeApproximation for Clustering via Random Sampling.In: Automata, Languages and Programming (ICALP),2004 LNCS 3142 1, p. 396–407

Krokowski, Jens; Räcke, Harald; Sohler, Christian;Westermann, Matthias: Reducing State Changes witha Pipeline Buffer. In: Proceedings of the 9th Interna-tional Fall Workshop Vision, Modeling, and Visualiza-tion, 2004

Bleckmann, Peter; Schomaker, Gunnar; Slowik, Adri-an: Virtualization with Prefetching Abilities based oniSCSI. In: Proceeding of International Workshop onStorage Network Architecture and Parallel I/O, ACMPress, 2004, p. 40–47

Bleckmann, Peter; Böttcher, Stefan; Cesnavicius, E.;Freitas Francisco, Andre L. de; Hollerung, Tim; Kühnel,Birger; Jing Liu, Michelle; Obermeier, S.; Oberthür,Simon; Peter, Felix; Rammig, Franz; Schindelhauer,Christian; Schomaker, Gunnar; Steenweg, Thorsten;Abas Tarar, Qamar; Tiemeyer, Marcel; Thürling, Adel-hard; Vater, Arne: The design of PaMaNet the Pader-born mobile ad-hoc network. In: Proceedings of thesecond international workshop on Mobility manage-ment & wireless access protocols, ACM Press, 2004, p. 119–121

Damerow, Valentina; Sohler, Christian: Extremepoints under random noise. In: Proceedings of the12th European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA), pp. 264–274, 2004

Rührup, Stefan; Schindelhauer, Christian: Traffic and Hop Efficient Position-based Routing using a Cell Structure / University of Paderborn. 2004 (tr-rsfb-04-075). – Forschungsbericht

Brinkmann, André; Salzwedel, Kay; Vodisek, Mario: A Case for Virtualized Arrays of RAID. In: Proceedingsof the International Workshop on Storage NetworkArchitecture and Parallel I/Os SNAPI 2004. AntibesJuan-les-pins, France, 30 September 2004, p. 9–16

Ziegler, Martin; Brattka, Vasco: Computability in linear algebra. In: Theoretical Computer Science 326(2004), p. 187–211

Nüsken, Michael; Ziegler, Martin: Fast MultipointEvaluation of Bivariate Polynomials. In: SusanneAlbers; Radzik, Thomasz (Hrsg.): Proc. 12th AnnualSymposium on Algorithms (ESA'04) Bd. 3221,Springer-Verlag, 2004 (Lecture Notes in ComputerScience), p. 544–555

Salzwedel, Kay: Data Distribution Algorithms for Storage Networks. Universität Paderborn, Heinz Nixdorf Institut, Theoretische Informatik, 2004, HNI-Verlagsschriftenreihe Bd. 153. – m20,00 ISBN 3-935433-62-X.

Klein, Jan; Zachmann, Gabriel: Point Cloud CollisionDetection. In: Computer Graphics Forum (Proceedingsof EUROGRAPHICS 2004) 23 (2004), 30 August, Nr. 3, p. 567–576

Ziegler, Martin: Computable operators on regularsets. In: Mathematical Logic Quarterly (MLQ) 50(2004), p. 392–404

Klein, Jan; Zachmann, Gabriel: Nice and Fast ImplicitSurfaces over Noisy Point Clouds. In: SIGGRAPH 2004,Sketches and Applications, 2004

Volbert, Klaus: Experimental Analysis of AdjustableSectorized Topologies for Static Ad Hoc Networks. In:DIAL M-POMC 2004 Joint Workshop on Foundationsof Mobile Computing, 2004

Schindelhauer, Christian; Volbert, Klaus; Ziegler, Martin: Spanners, Weak Spanners, and Power Spanners. In: Proc. of 15th Annual International Symposium on Algorithms and Computation (ISAAC 04), 2004

Leonardi, Stefano; Marchetti-Spaccamela, Alberto;Meyer auf der Heide, Friedhelm: Scheduling Againstan Adversarial Network. In: Proc. 16th ACM Sympo-sium on Parallelism in Algorithms and Architectures(SPAA 2004), 2004

Bansal, Vikas; Meyer auf der Heide, Friedhelm; Sohler,Christian: Labeling Smart Dust. In: 12th Annual Euro-pean Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2004), 2004

Klein, Jan; Zachmann, Gabriel: Proximity Graphs forDefining Surfaces over Point Clouds. In: EurographicsSymposium on Point-Based Grahics (SPBG'04), 2004,p. 131–138

Meyer auf der Heide, Friedhelm; Schindelhauer, Christian; Volbert, Klaus; Grünewald, Matthias: Congestion, Dilation, and Energy in Radio Networks.In: Theory of Computing Systems 37 (2004), May, Nr. 3, p. 343–370

Brinkmann, André; Heidebuer, Michael; Meyer auf derHeide, Friedhelm; Rückert, Ulrich; Salzwedel, Kay;Vodisek, Mario: V:Drive - Costs and Benefits of anOut-of-Band Storage Virtualization System. In: Pro-ceedings of the 12th NASA Goddard, 21st IEEE Confer-ence on Mass Storage Systems and Technologies(MSST). College Park, Maryland, USA, 13–16 April2004, p. 153–157

Bienkowski, Marcin; Korzeniowski, Miroslaw; Meyerauf der Heide, Friedhelm: Fighting Against TwoAdversaries: Page Migration in Dynamic Network. In:Proc. 16th ACM Symposium on Parallelism in Algo-rithms and Architectures (SPAA 2004), 2004

Mueck, Bengt; Dangelmaier, Wilhelm; Laroque,Christoph; Fischer, Matthias; Kortenjan, Michael:Guidance of Users in Interactive 3D-Visualisations ofMaterial Flow Simulations. In: Schulz, Thomas;Schlechtweg, Stefan; Hinz, Volkmar (Hrsg.): Simula-tion and Visualisation 2004. Magdeburg: SCS Euro-pean Publishing House, 4–5 March 2004, p. 73–83

Czumaj, Artur; Sohler, Christian: Estimating theWeight of Metric Minimum Spanning Trees in Sublin-ear Time. In: Proc. 36th ACM Symposium on Theory ofComputing (STOC), 2004

Damerow, Valentina; Sohler, Christian: SmoothedNumber of Extreme Points under Uniform Noise. In:Proceedings of the 20th European Workshop on Com-putational Geometry (EWCG), 2004

Fairs/Conferences/SeminarsOrganization of the first meeting of all participantsof the EU Project DELIS, Paderborn, March 2004

Presentation of the project V:DRIVE at the booth of "Research Country North-Rhine Westfalia" (Forschungsland NRW) at the CeBIT 2004 in Hannover

Presentation of the storage management systemV:DRIVE at the booth of CONET AG at the "Linux day"in Karlsruhe, 2004

Presentation of the storage management systemV:DRIVE at the booth of Novell/Suse at the "Linux-World" fair in Frankfurt, 2004

PatentsScheideler, C., Brinkmann, A., Salzwedel, K., Meyer auf der Heide, F., Rückert, U.:Verfahren und Anordnung zur randomisierten Datenspeicherung in Speichernetzwerken und/odereinem Intranet und/oder dem Intranet sowie einentsprechendes Computerprogramm-Erzeugnis undein entsprechendes computerlesbares Speicherme-dium. AZ: DE 102 36 796

Brinkmann, A., Scheideler, C., Meyer auf der Heide, F., Rückert, U.:Verfahren und Anordnung zurVerteilung von Datenblockmengen in Speichernetz-werken und/oder einem Datennetz sowie Computer-programm-Erzeugnis und computerlesbares Speichermedium. AZ: DE 10 2004 018 808

Schomaker, G., Brinkmann, A., Meyer auf der Heide, F., Rückert, U.: Verfahren zur Verwaltung von Metainformationen zur Verteilung von Datenblöckenüber computerlesbare Speichermedien sowie Computerprogrammprodukt und computerlesbaresSpeichermedium. AZ: DE 10 2004 046 243

Prizes/AwardsFriedhelm Meyer auf der Heide together with A. Brinkmann, C. Scheideler and U. Rückert receivedthe 3rd prize in the university contest "Patents Inventor" (Patente Erfinder) 2004" for the strategy"Redundant Share"

Rolf Wanka responded a call for a C3-professorship in computer science ("Efficient Algorithms and Combinatorial Optimization") on Nov 1 2004 fromthe Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürn-berg.

Christian Schindelhauer received 2004 the researchaward of the University of Paderborn "Developmentof a wireless, energy efficient sensor network forstocktaking exemplified in a retail shelf system" (Entwicklung eines drahtlosen, energieeffizientenSensornetzwerkes zur Füllstandsbestimmung am Beispiel eines Regalsystems im Einzelhandel)

Workgroup Algorithms and ComplexityProf. Dr. math. Friedhelm Meyer auf der Heide

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Additional FunctionsFriedhelm Meyer auf der Heide: · President of the Heinz Nixdorf Institute· Director of the DFG Collaborative Research CentreSFB 376 “Massively Parallel Computing: Algorithms – Design Methods – Applications“

· Initiator and Coordinator of the EU-Integrated Project “Dynamically Evolving Large-scale Infor-mation Systems” (DELIS)

· Elected Reviewer of the DFG (German ResearchFoundation)

· DFG Special Advisor (Vertrauensdozent) of the University of Paderborn

· Member of the Board of External Scientific Advisers(Fachbeirat) of the Max-Planck-Institute for Com-puter Science at Saarbrücken

· Director of the NRW-Graduate School of DynamicIntelligent Systems (one of three directors)

· Member of the Senate of the University of Paderborn

· Assistant Chairman of the Paderborn Institute forScientific Computation (PaSCo)

· Managing Editor of “Journal of InterconnectionNetworks (JOIN)“, World Scientific Publishing

· Editor of the dblp series Information Processing Letters (IPL)

· Member of the program committee of the Interna-tional Symposium on Algorithms and Computation(ISAAC) 2004

· Member of the program committee of the 7th

Workshop Parallel Systems and Algorithms (PASA)2004

· Member of the program committee of the Interna-tional Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Com-puter Science (STACS) 2005

Christian Schindelhauer:· Member of the technical program committee of the Workshop "MobiHoc", 2005

· Member of the program committee "Workshop onSensor Networks"; Workshop in the framework ofthe 34th annual meeting of the society of GI ("German Association of Computer Science'') at theUniversity of Ulm, September 2004.

· Member of the program committee of the ACMInternational Workshop on Mobility Managementand Wireless Access Protocols (MobiWac 2004), onAlgorithmic Aspects of Wireless Sensor Networks(AlgoSensors) 2004, Philadelphia, PA, USA

· Member of the program committee of the FirstInternational Workshop on Algorithmic Aspects of Wireless Sensor Networks (AlgoSensors) 2004,Turku, Finland.

· Member of the program committee of the Interna-tional Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Com-puter Science (STACS) 2004

· Exchange Coordinator of the partnership with Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada, since October2004

Rolf Wanka:· Co-Chair of the Special Interest Group on Paralleland Distributed Algorithms of the “Gesellschaft fürInformatik (GI)” (German Association of ComputerScience)

· Foreign Relationship Officer of the Institute of Computer Science

· Exchange Coordinator of the partnership with Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada, since October2004

· Manager of the EU-Integrated Project “DynamicallyEvolving Large Scale Information Systems” (DELIS),until October 2004

Valentina Damerow· Manager of the EU-Integrated Project “DynamicallyEvolving Large-scale Information Systems” (DELIS),since October 2004

Current Research ProjectsDELISEU-Integrated Project “Dynamically Evolving Large-scale Information Systems” (DELIS)Supporting institution: European Union

SFB-376 DFG (German Research Foundation) CollaborativeResearch Centre SFB 376“Massively Parallel Computing: Algorithms – DesignMethods – Applications”- Project SFB-376 A1 “Efficient Parallel Algorithms”- Project SFB-376 A2 “Universal Basic Services”- Project SFB-376 C6 “Mobile Ad-hoc Networks”- Part Z (general management)Supporting institution: DFG

DFG-NetzDFG Priority Program 1126 “Algorithms for Large and Complex Networks” with the project:“Algorithms for Large Dynamic Geometric Graphs”Supporting institution: DFG

DFG-SystemDFG Research Training Centre (postgraduate program)“Automatic Configuration in Open Systems”Supporting institution: DFG

Pasco-GKDFG Research Training Centre (postgraduate program)“Scientific Computation”Supporting institution: DFG

G-SchoolNRW Graduate School of Dynamic Intelligent Systems

BAMSIProject “Benutzerunterstützte Analyse von Materi-alflusssimulationen in virtuellen Umgebungen(BAMSI)”Supporting institution: DFG

PReStoTransfer Project “Paderborn Realtime Storage Network (PReSto)”Supporting institution: DFG

GigaNetICSupporting institution: BMBF

DAAD funding within the IAS program for exchangewith Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada

Current Industry Co-operationsIn cooperation with the Infineon Technologies AG(Munich), the BMBF project GigaNetIC aims at devel-oping super fast low-loss digital MOS circuit tech-nologies and systems for communication and net-work application. The main focus of our activities ison basic techniques for system-on-a-chip architec-tures with special emphasis on communication pro-tocol. Other participants in Paderborn are theresearch groups of Prof. Ulrich Rückert and Prof. UweKastens.

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PublicationsBeier, D.; Fründ, J.; Matysczok, C.; Reimann, C.; Rosen-bach, W.; Stichling, D.: AR-PDA: Ein mobiles Produkt-präsentationssystem, In Keil-Slawik, R.; Selke, H.;Szwillus, G. (Eds.): Mensch & Computer 2004: Allge-genwärtige Interaktion, Oldenbourg Verlag, 2004

Beier, D.; Fründ, J.; Matysczok, C.; Reimann, C.; Rosen-bach, W.; Stichling, D.: Einsatz der Technologie Aug-mented Reality zur Präsentation technischer Produk-te. In Müller, S.; Brunnett, G.; Goebel, M. (Eds.): 1. Workshop Erweiterte und Virtuelle Realität GI-Fachgruppe AR/VR, Technische Universität Chemnitz, 27–28 Sep 2004

Bleckmann, P.; Bötcher, S.; Cesnavicius, E.; FreitasFrancisco, Andre L. de; Hollerung, T.; Kühnel, B.; JingLiu, M.; Obermeier, S.; Oberthür, S.; Peter, F.; Rammig,F.; Schindelhauer, Ch.; Schomaker, G.; Steenweg, T.;Abas Tarar, Q.; Tiemeyer, M.; Thürling, A.; Vater, A.: Thedesign of PaMaNet the Paderborn mobile ad-hoc net-work. In: Proceedings of the second internationalworkshop on Mobility management & wireless accessprotocols, ACM Press, New York, NY, USA, 2004

Bleul, S.; Müller, W.; Schäfer, R.: Multimodal DialogDescription for Mobile Devices, Italy, Gallipoli, 2004

Bobda, Ch.; Danne, K.; Ahmadinia, A.; Teich, J.: Gener-ation of Distributed Arithmetic Designs for Reconfig-urable Applications, In ARCS 2004 Organic and Perva-sive Computing, Workshop Proceedings Bd. P–41.Bonn, Köllen Verlag, 26 Mar 2004

Burmester, S.; Gehrke, M.; Giese, H.; Oberthür, S.:Making Mechatronic Agents Resource-Aware toEnable Safe Dynamic Resource Allocation. In FourthACM International Conference on Embedded Soft-ware (EMSOFT'2004), 2004

Böke, C.: Automatic Configuration of Real-Time Oper-ating Systems and Real Time Communication Sys-tems for Distributed Embedded Applications. Univer-sity Paderborn, Heinz Nixdorf Institute, HNI-Verlagss-chriftenreihe Bd. 142., 2004

Bücker, M.; Gerling, J.; Keller, U.; Brahm, M.: Imped-anzberechnung flächiger Versorgungssystemebeliebiger Berandung. In 12. Internationale Fachmesseund Kongress für elektromagnetische Verträglichkeit(EMV 2004). Düsseldorf (Germany), 10–12 Feb 2004

Danne, K.: Operating Systems for FPGA Based Com-puters and Their Memory Management. In ARCS 2004Organic and Pervasive Computing, Workshop Pro-ceedings Bd. P–41. Bonn: Köllen Verlag (GI-EditionLecture Notes in Informatics (LNI)), 26 Mar 2004

Danne, K.: Memory Management to Support Multi-tasking on FPGA Based Systems. In Proceedings ofthe International Conference on ReconfigurableComputing and FPGAs (ReConFig04), Mexican Societyof Computer Science, SMCC, 20–21 Sep 2004

Danne, K.: Distributed Arithmetic FPGA Design withOnline Scalable Size and Performance. In Proceedingsof 17th SYMPOSIUM ON INTEGRATED CIRCUITS ANDSYSTEMS DESIGN (SBCCI04), ACM Press, New York,NY, USA, pp. 135-140, 7–11 Sep 2004

Danne, K.; Bobda, Ch.: Dynamic Reconfiguration ofDistributed Arithmetic Controllers: Design SpaceExploration and Trade-off Analysis. In Proceedings ofthe 11th Reconfigurable Architectures Workshop(RAW'04), to appear IEEE Computer Society, 2004

Dittmann, F.; Rettberg, A.; Lehmann, T.; Zanella, M.:Invariants for Distributed Local Control Elements of aNew Synchronous Bit-Serial Architecture. In SecondIEEE International Workshop on Electronic Desing,Test and Applications (DELTA 2004). Perth, WesternAustralia, p. 245-250, 28–30 Jan 2004

Dittmann, F.; Rettberg, A.: A Self-Controlled AndDynamically Reconfigurable Architecture. In Kleinjo-hann, B.; Gao, G.R.; Kopetz, H.; Kleinjohann, L.; Ret-tberg, A. (Eds.): Proceedings of IFIP Working Confer-ence on Distributed and Parallel Embedded Systems(DIPES'04). Toulouse, France: Kluwer Academic Pub-lishers, 23–26 Aug 2004

Ecker, W.; Esen, V; Steininger, T.; Zambaldi, M.: Mem.Models for the Formal Verification of Assembler CodeUsing Bounded Model Checking. In ISORC. Vienna,2004

El-Kebbe, D.: On Satisfying Real-Time Constraints inReal-Time Manufacturing Systems. In Proceedings ofthe 11th Symposium on Information Control Problemsin Manufacturing. Salvador, Brasil, Apr 2004

Flake, S.: Towards the Completion of the FormalSemantics of OCL 2.0. In 27th Conference on Aus-tralasian Computer Science (ACSC 2004), Dunedin,New Zealand, Bd. 26(1), Australian Computer ScienceSociety, Sydney, Australia (ACM International Confer-ence Proceeding Series, Australian Computer ScienceCommunications), p. 73–82, Jan 2004

Flake, S.: Enhancing the Message Concept of theObject Constraint Language. In Sixteenth Internation-al Conference on Software Engineering and Knowl-edge Engineering (SEKE 2004), Banff, Canada, Knowl-edge Systems Institute, Skokie, USA, 20–24 Jun 2004

Flake, S.; Müller, W.: Past- and Future-Oriented Tem-poral Time-Bounded Properties with OCL. In SoftwareEngineering and Formal Methods (SEFM 2004), Bei-jing, China, Sep 2004, IEEE Computer Society Press,2004

Flake, S.; Müller, W.: An ASM Definition of theDynamic OCL 2.0 Semantics. In UML 2004, Lisbon,Portugal, Springer, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Oct 2004

Flake, S.; Müller, W.: Past- and Future-Oriented Time-Bound Tempral Properties with OCL. In Proceedings ofthe SEFM´04, Beijing, China. 2004

Flake, S.; Pape, U.; Ruf, J.; Müller, W.: Specificationand Formal Verification of Temporal Properties ofProduction Automation Systems. In Final Documenta-tion of the DFG Focus Area Programme 1064.Springer, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2004

Freitas Francisco, A. L. de; Rettberg, A.; Hennig, A.:Hardware Design and Protocol Specification for theControl and Communication within a MechatronicSystem. In Kleinjohann, B.; Gao, G.R.; Kopetz, H.;Kleinjohann, L.; Rettberg, A. (Eds.): Proceedings of IFIPWorking Conference on Distributed and ParallelEmbedded Systems (DIPES'04). Toulouse: Kluwer Aca-demic Publishers, 23–26 Aug 2004

Gausemeier, J.; Müller, W.; Bauch, J.; Radkowski, W.;Shen, T.; Paelke, V.: Virtual Prototyping Of Self-Opti-mizing Mechatronic Systems. In Tagungsband derDesign 2004 (Dubrovnik). Zagreb: Sveucilisna Tiskara,2004

Gausemeier, J.; Müller, W.; Bauch, J.; Radkowski, W.;Shen, T.; Paelke, V.: Lösungselement-basiertes VirtualPrototyping von Selbstoptimierenden Mechatronis-chen Systemen in Virtual Reality. In Proceedings ofthe Simulation and Visualisation 2004, Magdeburg.Erlangen: SCS European Publishing House, 2004

Geiger, Ch.; Schmidt, T.; Stöcklein, J.: Rapid Develop-ment of Expressive AR Applications. In IEEE and ACMInternational Symposium on Mixed and AugmentedReality IEEE Computer Society, 2004

Geiger, Ch.; Schmidt, T.; Stöcklein, J.: Entwicklungvirtueller Kreaturen in 3D- und AR-Umgebungen. InVirtuelle und Erweiterte Realität, 1. Workshop der GI-Fachgruppe VR/AR, Shaker Verlag, 2004

Geiger, Ch.; Stöcklein, J.; Schmidt, T.: Entwicklungphysikbasierter AR_Anwendungen mit Java. In Aug-mented & Virtual Reality in der ProduktentstehungBd. 149, Heinz Nixdorf Institute, University Paderborn,2004

Gerling, J.; Danne, K.; Bobda, Ch.; Schrage, J.: Distributed arithmetics for recursive convolution of optical intercannects. In EOS Topical Meeting,Optics in Computing (OIC), p. 65–66, Engelberg(Switzerland), Apr 2004

Giese, H.; Oberthür, S.; Potthast, Ch.; Redenius, A.;Tichy, M.; Vöcking, H.; Witting, K.: Bericht des Arbeit-skreises Sicherheit und Stabilität. Sonderforschungs-bereich 614 - Selbstoptimierende Systeme desMaschinenbaus. In: Arbeitskreis Sicherheit und Stabil-ität University Paderborn, 2004

Götz, M.: Dynamic Hardware-Software Codesign of aReconfigurable Real-Time Operating System. In Inter-national Conference on Reconfigurable Computingand FPGAs 2004 (ReConFig04), Mexican Society ofComputer Science, SMCC, p. 330–339, 20–21 Sep2004

Heimfarth, T.; Rettberg, A.: NanoOS – ReconfigurableOperating System for Embedded Mobile Devices. InInternational Workshop on Dependable EmbeddedSystems (WDES). Florianopolis, Brazil, 17 Oct 2004

Ihmor, S.; Hardt, W.: Runtime Reconfigurable Inter-faces – The RTR-IFB Approach, to appear. In Proceed-ings of the 11th Reconfigurable Architectures Work-shop (RAW'04) IEEE Computer Society, 2004

Jensen, P.; Ecker, W.; Kruse, T.; Zambaldi, M.: SystemVerilog: Interface based Design. In FDL. Lille,France, 15–17 Sep 2004

Kardos, M.: Model Checking AsmL Specifications,2004. – In 11th Workshop on Abstract State Machines,ASM 2004, Lutherstadt Wittenberg, Germany, 24–28 May 2004

Kardos, M.; Rammig, F.J.: Model Based Formal Verifi-cation of Distributed Production Control Systems. InEhrig, Hartmut (Ed.): Integration of Software Specifi-cation Techniques for Applications in Engineering.Springer Verlag, LNCS 3147, p. 451–473, 2004

Kardos, M.; Zhao, Y.: Verification framework for UML-based Design of Embedded Systems. In Proc. of IFIPWorking Conference on Distributed and ParallelEmbedded Systems (DIPES 2004), 2004

Workgroup Design of Distributed Embedded SystemsProf. Dr. rer. nat. Franz Josef Rammig

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Kleinjohann, B.; Gao, G.R.; Kopetz, H.; Kleinjohann, L.;Rettberg, A.: Design Methods and Applications forDistributed Embedded Systems. Kluwer AcademicPublishers. – Proceedings of the 18th IFIP World Computer Congress – Stream on Distributed and Parallel Embedded Systems (DIPES 2004), Toulouse,France, Aug 2004

Koch, M.; Kleinjohann, B.; Schmidt, A.; Scheideler, P.;Münch, E.; Gambuzza, A.; Oberschelp, O.; Hestermeyer,T.: Neuro-Fuzzy Approaches for Self-Optimizing Con-cepts and Structures of Mechatronic Systems. InInternational Conference on Computing, Communi-cations and Control Technologies (CCCT 2004). Austin,Texas, Aug 2004

Koch, M.; Kleinjohann, B.; Schmidt, A.; Scheideler, P.;Saskevic, A.; Münch, E.; Gambuzza, A.; Oberschelp, O.;Hestermeyer, T.: Neuro-Fuzzy Approaches for Self-Optimizing Concepts and Structures of MechatronicSystems. Günne, May 2004

Koch, M.; Oberschelp, O.: Simulation of self optimiz-ing mechatronical systems with expert system knowl-edge. In Asian Control Conference (ASCC 2004). Melbourne, Australia, Jul 2004

Krupp, A.; Müller, W.; Oliver, I.: Formal Refinementand Model Checking of An Echo Cancellation Unit. InProceedings of the DATE04 Designers' Forum, Paris.2004

Krupp, A.; Müller, W.; Oliver, I.: Combining FormalRefinement and Model Checking for Analysis of Real-time Systems. In Grimm, Ch. (Ed.): Best of FDL'03.Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2004

Krupp, A.; Müller, W.; Oliver, I.: Refinement of FiniteState Machines with Complementary Model Check-ing. In Mermet, J. (Ed.): UML-B System Specificationfor Proven Electronic Design, Kluwer Academic Pub-lishers, 2004

Krupp, A.; Müller, W.; Oliver, I.: The Echo CancellationUnit Case Study. In Mermet, J. (Ed.): UML-B SystemSpecification for Proven Electronic Design, KluwerAcademic Publishers, 2004

Löser, Ch.; Ditze, M.; Rammig, F.J.; Altenbernd, P.:GRUSEL – A Self-optimizing Bandwidth-aware Videoon Demand Application. In: Proceedings of the 1st

IEEE International Conference on Autonomic Com-puting (ICAC-2004). New York, 2004

Meisel, A.; Visarius, M.; Hardt, W.; Ihmor, S.: Self-Reconfiguration of Communication Interfaces. In RSP,15th International Workshop on Rapid System Proto-typing, IEEE Computer Society Press, 2004

Müller, W.; Paelke, V.: A Formal Model of a Frameworkfor Simulation-Based Animation. In Proceedings ofthe Simulation and Visualisation 2004, Magdeburg.Erlangen: SCS European Publishing House, 2004

Müller, W.; Schäfer, R.; Bleul, S.: Interactive Multi-modal User Interfaces for Mobile Devices. In Tagungs-band der HICCS-37, Waikoloa, HI, USA. 2004

Müller, W.; Zambaldi, M.; Ecker, W.; Kruse, T..: The Formal Simulation Semantics of SystemVerilog. InProceedings of the FDL. Lille, France, 15–17 Sep 2004

Oberthür, S.; Böke, C.: Flexible Resource Management- A framework for self-optimizing real-time systems.In Kleinjohann, B.; Gao, G.R.; Kopetz, H.; Kleinjohann,L.; Rettberg, A. (Eds.): Proceedings of IFIP WorkingConference on Distributed and Parallel EmbeddedSystems (DIPES'04), Kluwer Academic Publishers, 23–26 Aug 2004

Oesterdiekhoff, B.: Internet Premium Services forFlexible Format Distributed Devices. In Proceedings ofIFIP Working Conference on Distributed and ParallelEmbedded Systems (DIPES'04). Toulouse, France:Kluwer Academic Publishers, 23–26 Aug 2004

Oesterdiekhoff, B.: Transcoding von Webinhalten. InInformatik Spektrum 27, Nr. 5, p. 448–452, 2004

Petry Ligocki, N.; Rettberg, A.; Hennig, A.; Freitas F.,Andre L. de: Towards a Modular Communication System for FPGAs. In Second IEEE International Workshop on Electronic Desing, Test and Applications(DELTA 2004). Perth, Western Australia, 28–30 Jan 2004

Pham Van, T.: Intelligent CAC and Routing for Multi-Point Connections. In Proceedings of the 5th Interna-tional Conference on Communications in Computing.Las Vegas, NV, USA, p. 194-200, 21–24 Jun 2004

Rammig, F.J.: Autonomic Distributed Real-Time Sys-tems: Challenges and Solutions. In 7th InternationalSymposium on Object-oriented Real-time DistributedComputing, ISORC 2004 IEEE Computer Society, IEEEComputer Society Press, 12–14 May 2004

Rammig, F.J.: Perspektiven der Mechatronik -Entwicklungspotenziale für die Informatik. In Gause-meier, Jürgen; Wallaschek, Jörg (Eds.): Intelligentemechatronische Systeme Bd. 145 (HNI-Verlagss-chriftenreihe), p. 3–14, 2004

Rettberg, A.; Dittmann, F.; Lehmann, T.; Zanella, M.C.:A New High-Level Synthesis Approach of a Synchro-nous Bit-Serial Architecture. In Stoffel, D.; Kunz, W.(Eds.): Methoden und Beschreibungssprachen zurModellierung und Verifikation von Schaltungen undSystemen. Aachen: Shaker Verlag, p. 34–43, 2004

Rettberg, A.; Dittmann, F.; Zanella, M.C.; Lehmann, T.:MACT - A Reconfigurable Pipeline Architecture. InSiemens ICM MP CTO TI, Technology and Innovation:Technologies-to-Watch. Munich, Germany, No. 21, p. 15–17, Aug 2004

Rust, C.; Grünewald, M.: Petri Net Based Design of aMulti-Robot Scenario - A Case Study. In IEEE Interna-tional Conference on Systems, Man andCybernetics(SMC). The Hague, The Netherlands, 10–13 Oct 2004

Rust, C.; Rammig, F.J.: A Petri Net Based Approach forthe Design of Dynamically Modifiable Embedded Sys-tems. In Kleinjohann, Bernd (Ed.): Design Methodsand Applications for Distributed Embedded SystemsIFIP WG 10.5, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Proc. IFIPTC 10 Conference DIPES 2004, 23–26 Aug 2004

Rust, C.; Rettberg, A.: Automatic Synthesis of Sys-temC-Code from Formal Specifications. In Kleinjo-hann, B.; Gao, G.R.; Kopetz, H.; Kleinjohann, L.; Ret-tberg, A. (Eds.): Proceedings of IFIP Working Confer-ence on Distributed and Parallel Embedded Systems(DIPES'04). Toulouse: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 23–26 Aug 2004

Schattkowsky, T.; Loeser, Ch.; Müller, Wo.: Peer-To-Peer Technology for Interconnecting Web Services inHeterogeneous Networks. In Proceedings of theAINA'04, Yokohama, Japan, IEEE CS Press, 2004

Schattkowsky, T.; Loeser, Ch.; Müller, Wo.: Peer-to-Peer-based Web Services for Collaborative Engineer-ing Environments. In Proceedings of the ICN'04,Guadeloupe, France. 2004

Schattkowsky, T.; Müller, W.: Model-Based Specifica-tion and Execution of Embedded Real-Time Systems.(Interactive Presentation). In Proceedings of theDATE04, Paris. 2004

Schattkowsky, T.; Müller, W.: Model-Based Design ofEmbedded Systems. In Proceedings of the ISORC04,Vienna. 2004Schattkowsky, T.; Müller, W.: Model-Based Design ofEmbedded Systems. In Proceedings of the ISORC'04,Vienna. 2004

Schattkowsky, T.; Müller, W.g; Pawlak, A.: WorkflowManagement Middleware for Secure Distance-Span-ning Collaborative Engineering. In Fischer, L. (Ed.):Workflow Handbook 2004. Lighthouse Point, FL, USA: WfMC, 2004

Schattkowsky, T.; Rettberg, A.: UML for FPGA Synthe-sis. In Proceedings of the UML for SoC Design Work-shop. San Diego, CA, 6 Jun 2004

Stappert, F.: From Low-Level to Model-Based andConstructive Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis.University Paderborn, Heinz Nixdorf Institute, C-LABPublication Bd. 17, 2004

Stappert, F.: Petri Net Level WCET Analysis. In 4th IntlWorkshop on Worst-Case Execution Time (WCET)Analysis; in conjunction with the 16th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems. Catania, Sicily,Jun–Jul 2004

Voros, N.; Müller, W.; Snook, C.: Introduction to Formal Methods: How They Apply to Embedded Systems. In Mermet, J. (Ed.): UML-B System Specifi-cation for Proven Electronic Design, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2004

Zambaldi, M.; Ecker, W.; Henftling, R.: A Tester-Relat-ed Simulation Environment. In GI/ITG/GMM. Dresden,29 Feb–2 Mar 2004

Zambaldi, M.; Ecker, W.: Ein orthogonales Schema für die Klassifikation der Modellierungsabstraktionvon digitalen Systemen. In GI/ITG/GMM. Kaiserslautern, 24–25 Feb 2004

Zambaldi, M.; Ecker, W.: Extending the RASSP modelfor Verification. In Proceedings of the FDL. Lille,France, 15 Aug–17 Sep 2004

Zambaldi, M.; Ecker, W.: How to bridge the gapbetween simulation and test. In Proceedings of theITC. Charlotte, NC, 26–29 Oct 2004

Zambaldi, M.; Ecker, W.; Henftling, R.; Bauer, M.: ALayered Adaptive Verification Platform for Simulation,Test, and Emulation. In: IEEE Design & Test of Com-puters, 2004

Zhao, Y.: LTL's Intuitive Representations and ItsAutomaton Translation. In Proc. of IFIP Working Con-ference on Distributed and Parallel Embedded Sys-tems (DIPES 2004), 2004

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Workgroups102

Fairs/Conferences/SeminarsColloquium of DFG Priority Program ReconfigurableComputing, Gräfliches Parkhotel Bad Driburg, 1/2 July 2004.

International UML Workshop for SoC Design atDesign Automation Conference in San Diego, USA, 7–11 June 2004

IFIP Working Conference on Distributed and ParallelEmbedded Systems (DIPES), Toulouse, France, 23–26August 2004

PatentsSelbststeuernde rekonfigurierbare bit-serielle Pipelinearchitektur (self-controlled reconfigurable bit-serial pipeline architecture) 10308510; A. Rettberg,T. Lehmann, M. C. Zanella and Ch. Bobda

Prizes/Awards"Xilinx Best Paper Award" at ReConFig04, Culima,Mexico (K. Danne)

"Best Reconfigurable Computing Paper” at ReConFig04, Culima, Mexico (M. Götz)

Additional Functions· Member of Nordrhein-Westfälische Akademie derWissenschaften (F.J. Rammig)

· Member of acatec (F. J. Rammig)· University-sided Chair of the C-LAB (F.J. Rammig)· Member of the Paderborn International GraduateSchool on Dynamic Intelligent Systems Committee(F.J. Rammig)

· Member of Advisory Council of the Paderborn Center for Parallel Computing (F.J. Rammig)

· Chair IFIP TC 10 (F.J. Rammig)· Member of IFIP Working Group 10.5 (F.J. Rammig)· Member of GI FB 3 (F.J. Rammig)· Member of GI/RSS/ITG Steering Committee (F.J. Rammig)

· Chair of IFIP WG 10.5 SIG ES (B. Kleinjohann)· Program Chair IEEE & SBC SBCCI 2004 (F.J. Rammig)

Current Research Projects· SFB 376 Tp. B1Design Methods for Massively Parallel Real-TimeSystemsSupporting institution: DFG

· SFB 614 Tp. B1Design TechniquesSupporting institution: DFG

· SFB 614 Tp. C2RTOS for Self-Optimizing SystemsSupporting institution: DFG

· TP2R2

Temporal Placement and Temporal Partitioningrekonfigurierbarer RechensystemeSupporting institution: DFG

· TEReCSDesign of Customizable Real-Time CommunicationSystemsSupporting institution: DFG

· ISILEITIntegrated Specification of Distributed Control Systems in Flexible Automated ManufacturingSupporting institution: DFG

· EVENTSNew Computer Vision Techniques and Real-TimeApproaches for Innovative Image Inter-polation forMulti-View Presentations of TV Transmissions inWide ScenariosSupporting institution: EU

· Vernetzte Mobile SystemeFörderinstitution: Stiftung Westfalen

Current Industry Co-operationsArchitectural Investigations (dSPACE)

Visit by Researchers· Prof. Dr. PCP Bhatt, Indian Institute of InformationTechnology, Bangalore, India (May – June 2004)

· Dr. Jean-Claude Laprie, LAAS Toulouse (May 2004)· Prof. Dr. Udo Kebschull, University Leipzig (July 2004)

PublicationsGrünewald, M.; Niemann, C.-H.; Porrmann, M.; Rück-ert, U.: A framework for design space exploration ofresource efficient network processing on multiproces-sor SoCs. In: Network Processor Design: Issues andPractices, Vol. 3, chapter 12, Morgan Kaufmann Pub-lisher, 2004.

Iske, B.; Jäger, B.; Rückert, U.: A Ray-Tracing Approachfor Simulating Recognition Abilities of Active InfraredSensor Arrays. In: IEEE Sensors Journal 4 (2004), April,Nr. 2, pp. 237–247.

Kalte, H.; Kettelhoit, B.; Köster, M.; Porrmann, M.;Rückert, U.: A System Approach for Partially Recon-figurable Architectures. In: International Journal ofEmbedded Systems (IJES), Inderscience Publisher,2004.

Loeser, C; Brinkmann, A; Rückert, U.: Distributed PathSelection (DPS) - A Traffic Engineering Protocol forIP-Networks. In Proceedings of the 37th Hawaii Inter-national Conference on System Sciences (HICSS), BigIsland, Hawaii, USA, January 2004, pp. 205–212.

Grünewald, M.; Niemann, J.-C.; Porrmann, M.; Rück-ert, U.: A framework for design space exploration ofresource efficient network processing on multiproces-sor SoCs. In Proceedings of the 3rd Workshop on Network Processors & Applications, Madrid, Spain,February 14–15, 2004, pp. 87–101.

Grünewald, M.; Niemann, J.-C.; Porrmann, M.; Rück-ert, U.: A mapping strategy for resource-efficient net-work processing on multiprocessor SoCs. In Proceed-ings of DATE: Design, Automation and Test in Europe,CNIT La Défense, Paris, France, 16–20 February 2004,pp. 758–763.

Kalte, H.; Porrmann, M.; Rückert, U.: Leistungsbewer-tung unterschiedlicher Einbettungsvariantendynamisch rekonfigurierbarer Hardware. In WorkshopProceedings: ARCS 2004 – Organic and PervasiveComputing, GI-Edition Lecture Notes in Informatics(LNI), Augsburg, March 26, 2004, pp. 235–244.

Brinkmann, A.; Heidebuer, M.; Meyer auf der Heide, F.;Rückert, U.; Salzwedel, K.; Vodisek, M.: V:Drive – Costsand Benefits of an Out-of-Band Storage Virtualiza-tion System. In Proceedings of the 12th NASA God-dard, 21st IEEE Conference on Mass Storage Systemsand Technologies (MSST), College Park, Maryland,USA, 13–16 April 2004, pp. 153–157.

Kalte, H.; Porrmann, M.; Rückert, U.: System-on-Programmable-Chip Approach Enabling Online Fine-Grained 1D-Placement. In: 11th Reconfigurable Architectures Workshop (RAW 2004), Santa Fé, New Mexico, USA, April 26 and 27, 2004, pp. 141.

Kalte, H.; Köster, M; Kettelhoit, B; Porrmann, M; Rück-ert, U: A Comparative Study on System Approachesfor Partially Reconfigurable Architectures. Proceed-ings of the International Conference on Engineering

of Reconfigurable Systems and Algorithms (ERSA ’04),Las Vegas, Nevada, USA, June 21–24, 2004, pp. 70–76.

Witkowski, U.; Rückert, U.: Pattern Synchronizationfor Associative Memory in pulse coded Neural Net-works. In: IEEE 47th Midwest Symposium on Circuitsand Systems, Bd. 2, Hiroshima, Japan, 25–28 July2004, pp. 381–384.

Beiu, V.; Rückert, U.; Roy, S.; Nyathi, J.: On Nanoelec-tronic Architectural Challenges and Solutions.Accepted In: Proceedings of IEEE Conference on Nanotechnology IEEE NANO 2004, München, August 17–19, 2004.

Griese, B.; Vonnahme, E.; Porrmann, M.; Rückert, U.:Hardware Support for Dynamic Reconfiguration inReconfigurable SoC Architectures. In Proceedings ofthe 14th International Conference on Field Program-mable Logic and its Applications (FPL2004), Antwerp,Belgium, 30 August–1 September, 2004, pp. 842–846.

Franzmeier, M.; Pohl, C.; Porrmann, M.; Rückert, U.:Hardware Accelerated Data Analysis. In Proceedingsof the 4th International Conference on Parallel Com-puting in Electrical Engineering (PARALEC 2004),Dresden, Germany, September 7–10, 2004, pp. 309–314.

Grünewald, M.; Kastens, U.; Le, D. K.; Niemann, J.-C.;Porrmann, M.; Rückert, U.; Thies, Michael; Slowik,Adrian: Network Application Driven Instruction Set

Workgroup System and Circuit TechnologyProf. Dr.-Ing. Ulrich Rückert

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Extensions for Embedded Processing Clusters. In Pro-ceedings of the 4th International Conference on Paral-lel Computing in Electrical Engineering (PARELEC2004), Dresden, Germany, September 7–10, 2004, pp. 209–214.

Vonnahme, E.; Griese, B.; Porrmann, M.; Rückert, U.:Dynamic reconfiguration of real-time network inter-faces. In Proceedings of the 4th International Confer-ence on Parallel Computing in Electrical Engineering(PARELEC 2004), Dresden, Germany, September 8–10,2004, pp. 376–379.

Witkowski, U.; Chinapirom, T.; Du, J.; Rückert, U.;Manolov, O.: Cooperating autonomous and mobileminirobots in dynamic environments. In ProceedingsInternational Federation of Automatic Control – IFAC– DECOM-TT 2004. Bansko, Bulgaria, 3–5 October,2004, pp. 277–282.

Vonnahme, E.; Griese, B.; Porrmann, M.; Rückert, U.:Dynamische Rekonfiguration echtzeitfähiger Netz-werkschnittstellen. In Proceedings VDE Kongress 2004– ITG Fachtagung Ambient Intelligence, VDE Verlag,Berlin, Germany, October 18–20, 2004, Vol. 1, pp. 99–104.

Grünewald, M.; Xu, F.; Rückert, U.: Power Control inDirectional Mobile Ad Hoc Networks. In ProceedingsVDE Kongress 2004 – ITG Fachtagung Ambient Intelli-gence, VDE Verlag, Berlin, Germany, October 18–20,2004, Vol. 1, pp. 169–174.

Niemann, J.-C.; Porrmann, M.; Rückert, U.: ParalleleArchitekturen für Netzwerkprozessoren. In Proceed-ings VDE Kongress 2004 – ITG Fachtagung AmbientIntelligence, VDE Verlag, Berlin, October 18-20, 2004,Vol. 1, pp. 105–110.

Witkowski, U.; Rückert, U.: Aktives Nachtsichtsystemfür autonome mobile Roboter. In Proceedings VDEKongress 2004 - ITG Fachtagung Ambient Intelli-gence, VDE Verlag, Berlin, Germany, October 18–20,2004, Vol. 1, pp. 75–80.

Chinapirom, T.; Kaulmann, T.; Witkowski, U.; Rückert,U.: Visual Object Recognition by 2D-Color Cameraand On-Board Information Processing for Minirobots.In: Proceedings of the FIRA Robot World Congress.Busan, South Korea, 26–29 October 2004.

Pohl, C.; Franzmeier, M.; Porrmann, M.; Rückert, U.:gNBX – Reconfigurable Hardware Acceleration ofSelf-Organizing Maps. In Proceedings of the IEEEInternational Conference on Field ProgrammableTechnology (FPT'04). Brisbane, Australia, 6–8 Decem-ber 2004, pp. 97–104

Kalte, H.; Porrmann, M.; Rückert, U.: Study on ColumnWise Design Compaction for Reconfigurable Systems.In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conferenceon Field Programmable Technology (FPT'04). Brisbane,Australia, 6–8 December 2004, pp. 413–416

Minchev, Z.; Manolov, O.; Noykov, S.; Witkowski, U,;Rückert, U.: Fuzzy Logic Based Intelligent MotionControl of Robots Swarm Simulated by KheperaRobots. In IEEE International Conference on Intelli-gent Systems, 2004, Vol. 1, pp. 305–310

Rust, C.; Grünewald, M.: Petri Net Based Design of aMulti-Robot Scenario - A Case Study. In: IEEE Inter-national Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernet-ics (SMC). The Hague, The Netherlands, 10–13 Octo-ber 2004.

Brinkmann, A.; Salzwedel, K.; Vodisek, M.: A Case forVirtualized Arrays of RAID. In: Proceedings of theInternational Workshop on Storage Network Archi-tecture and Parallel I/Os SNAPI 2004. Antibes Juan-les-pins, France, 30 September 2004, pp. 9–16.

Hagen, G.; Niemann, J.-C.; Porrmann, M.; Sauer, C.;Slowik, A.; Thies, M.: Developing an IP-DSLAM Bench-mark for Network Processor Units. In: ANCHOR 2004,Advanced Networking and Communications Hard-ware Workshop, held in conjunction with the 31st

Annual International Symposium on Computer Archi-tecture (ISCA 2004), Munich, Germany, 2004.

Meyer auf der Heide, F.; Schindelhauer, C.; Volbert, K.;Grünewald, M.: Congestion, Dilation, and Energy inRadio Networks. In: Theory of Computing Systems 37(2004), May, Nr. 3, S. 343–370.

Holdgrewe, K.: Bedieneradaptive Systeme – Lernenvom Fahrer. Dissertation. Universität Paderborn, 2004.

Iske, B.: Modellierung und effiziente Nutzung aktiverInfrarotsensorik in autonomen Systemen. UniversitätPaderborn, Heinz Nixdorf Institut, Schaltungstechnik,2004, HNI-Verlagsschriftenreihe Bd. 140.

Kalte, H.: Einbettung dynamisch rekonfigurierbarerHardwarearchitekturen in eine Universalprozessor-umgebung. Universität Paderborn, Heinz NixdorfInstitut, Schaltungstechnik, 2004, HNI-Verlagss-chriftenreihe Bd. 139.

Brinkmann, A.: Verteilte Algorithmen zur Daten-plazierung und zum Routing in gegnerischen Netz-werken. Universität Paderborn, Heinz Nixdorf Institut,Schaltungstechnik, 2004, HNI-VerlagsschriftenreiheBd. 135.

Fairs/Conferences/SeminarsCeBIT 2004 in HannoverPresentation of the V:DRIVE project at the booth“Forschungsland NRW”

Linux Day in KarlsruhePresentation of the V:DRIVE project at the booth of the CONET AG

LinuxWorld in FrankfurtPresentation of the V:DRIVE project at the booth of Novell/Suse

PatentsScheideler, C., Brinkmann, A., Salzwedel, K., Meyer aufder Heide, F., Rückert, U.: Verfahren und Anordnungzur randomisierten Datenspeicherung in Speicher-netzwerken und/oder einem Intranet und/oder demIntranet sowie ein entsprechendes Computerpro-gramm-Erzeugnis und ein entsprechendes computer-lesbares Speichermedium, AZ: DE 102 36 796

Brinkmann, A., Scheideler, C., Meyer auf der Heide, F.,Rückert, U.: Verfahren und Anordnung zur Verteilungvon Datenblockmengen in Speichernetzwerkenund/oder einem Datennetz sowie Computerpro-gramm-Erzeugnis und computerlesbares Speicher-medium. AZ: DE 10 2004 018 808

Schomaker, G., Brinkmann, A., Meyer auf der Heide, F.,Rückert, U.: Verfahren zur Verwaltung von Metainfor-mationen zur Verteilung von Datenblöcken oderObjekten über computerlesbare Speichermedien sowieComputerprogrammprodukt und computerlesbaresSpeichermedium, AZ: DE 10 2004 046 243

Additional Functions· Director of the DFG Graduate College “AutomaticConfiguration in Open Systems”

· Associate Dean of the Faculty for Computer Science,Electrical Engineering and Mathematics

· Member of the “International Graduate School ofDynamic Intelligent Systems” Committee

· Member of the Advisory Council of the C-LAB· Member of the Advisory Council of the L-LAB· Member of the Advisory Council of the PC2 (Pader-born Center for Parallel Computing)

· Member of the Advisory Council of the PaSCo(Paderborn Institute for Scientific Computation)

· Chairman of the Special Interest Group “Mikroelek-tronik neuronaler Netze” of the ITG (InformationTechnology Society)

· Adjunct Professor, Faculty of Information Techno-logy, QUT, Brisbane, Australia

Spin-OffsOak Technology GmbH, eine Zoran Inc. CompanyThe company offers modern and highly specializedservices in the field of development, test, verification,and programming of application specific integratedcircuits. Oak Technology GmbH is a subsidiary ofZoran Corporation, Sunnyvale, CA.

Current Research ProjectsResource-Efficient Function Approximator for Autonomous SystemsBased on analog circuit technology, a microelectronicmodule is being developed for the resource-efficientimplementation of a function approximator forautonomous systems. This is done in cooperationwith Professor Sitte, Queensland University of Tech-nology, Australia.

Routing Nodes for Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (Manets)It is the aim of this project to design a resource-effi-cient one-chip system, which facilitates the operationof Manets on the basis of an adaptive communica-tion process that has been worked out in cooperationwith Professor Meyer auf der Heide’s research group.This project is part of the Collaborative Research Cen-tre 376 of the DFG.

Hardware Reconfiguration In this project we analyse and implement principlesof hardware reconfiguration of microelectronic com-ponents in self-optimising mechatronic systems. Theproject is part of the Collaborative Research Centre614 of the DFG.

RTOS for Self-Optimising SystemsIn cooperation with the working group “Design ofParallel Systems” of Prof. Rammig, we develop a real-time communication and operating system for dis-tributed self-optimizing systems. This project is partof the Collaborative Research Centre 614 of the DFG.

Active Night Vision System for More Safety in RoadTrafficIn the context of the support program “Neue Inge-nieurteams” of the “Alfried Krupp von Bohlen undHalbach-Stiftung” we initiated the project “ActiveNight Vision System for More Safety in Road Traffic”.This project is carried out in cooperation with the“Aldegrevergymnasium Soest” and “Hella KG Hueck &Co”.

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Paderborn Realtime Storage Network PReStoIn cooperation with the working group of ProfessorMeyer auf der Heide, Infineon Technologies, and theConet AG, the efficient use of highly scalable storagesystems is analyzed.

synQPSKIn cooperation with the working group “Optical Communication and High-Frequency Engineering” of Professor Noé, University of Paderborn, this projecttargets the development of key components for“Synchronous Optical Quadrature Phase Shift KeyingTransmission”.

PlaNetSIn the context of the BMBF project “PlaNets – Plat-forms for Networked Services”, new concepts for par-allel packet processors are developed and analyzed incooperation with Infineon Technologies and addition-al industrial partners.

Current Industry Co-operationsGigaNetICIn cooperation with the Infineon Technologies AG(Munich), the BMBF project GigaNetIC aims at devel-oping superfast low-loss digital MOS circuit tech-nologies and systems for communication and net-work applications. The main focus of our activities ison basic techniques for system-on-a-chip architec-tures. Other participants in Paderborn are the work-ing groups of Prof. Meyer auf der Heide and Prof.Kastens.

VisionICIn the context of the VisionIC-project, we analyseneural pulse coded associative memories in coopera-tion with Infineon Technologies. The main focus ofthe project is the analysis and development of anintelligent vision platform for the mass market.

Look ahead sensors for active headlightsIn this project we analyse and evaluate new sensorconcepts for active headlights in cooperation with“Hella KG Hueck & Co”. With these sensor concepts,headlights with new functionality will be realized.

V:DRIVEIn cooperation with the Conet AG we analyze theintegration of meta information for storing replicateddata in a storage-management framework.

EMBondIn cooperation with the Hesse & Knipps GmbH, theproject EMBond – embedded microelectronics forwire bonders – targets the development of new con-cepts to enhance wire bonders by means of efficientmicroelectronic solutions.

PublicationsBrandt, T.; Sattel, T.; Wallaschek, J.: Ein Ansatz zurautomatischen Kollisionsvermeidung. In: VDI-Berichte: Integrierte Sicherheit und Fahrerassisten-zsysteme – 21. Internationale VDI/VW Gemeinschaft-stagung, Wolfsburg, 27.-28. Oktober 2004. Düssel-dorf: VDI-Verlag, 2004, Bd. 1864, pp.125–144.

Brökelmann, M.; Hesse, H.; Wallaschek, J.: Neue Ver-fahren zur Qualitätsüberwachung gebondeterVerbindungen. In: VDI-Berichte: Fahrzeugelektronikim Fokus, Tagung Baden-Baden, 8. Oktober 2004.Düsseldorf, VDI-Verlag, 2004, Bd. 1866, pp. 103–121.

Brökelmann, M.; Wallaschek, J.; Hesse, H.: Bondprocess monitoring via self-sensing transducers. In:Proceedings of the IEEE International Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control 50th AnniversaryJoint Conference, Montreal, Canada, 2004.

Brökelmann, M.; Król, R.; Wallaschek, J.; Hesse, H.: ASelf-Sensing Transducer for Ultrasonic Wire Bonding.In: Proceedings of the 18th International Congress onAcoustics (ICA 2004), Kyoto, Japan, 4.–9. April 2004,Bd. 4, pp. 2901–2904.

Brökelmann, M.; Król, R.; Wallaschek, J.; Hesse, H.:Neue Mikrosensoren für die Bondtechnik. In: 15.Workshop Mikrotechnische Produktion, Heinz NixdorfInstitut, Paderborn, 19. November 2004.

Fründ, E.: Aktive Kompensation von periodischenSchwingungen an rotierenden Walzen. HNI-Verlagss-chriftenreihe, Bd. 136. Paderborn, Heinz Nixdorf Insti-tut, Universität Paderborn, 2004

Fu, B.; Hemsel, T.; Wallaschek, J.: Model-based Diag-nosis for Sandwiched Ultrasonic Transducers. In: Pro-ceedings of the 18th International Congress onAcoustics (ICA 2004), Kyoto, Japan, 4.–9. April 2004,Bd. 3, pp. 2243–2246.

Gausemeier, J.; Wallaschek, J. (Hrsg.): 2. PaderbornerWorkshop Intelligente mechatronische Systeme. HNI-Verlagsschriftenreihe, Bd. 145. Paderborn, HeinzNixdorf Institut, Universität Paderborn, 2004.

Hemsel, T.; Mracek, M.; Vasiljev, P.; Wallaschek, J.: ANovel Approach for High Power Ultrasonics Motors.In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Ultrasonics,Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control 50th AnniversaryJoint Conference, Montreal, Canada, 2004.

Henzler, S.: Methodik zur Konzeption der Strukturund der Regelung leistungsverzweigter Getriebe mitToroidvariator. HNI-Verlagsschriftenreihe, Bd. 144.Paderborn, Heinz Nixdorf Institut, Universität Pader-born, 2004.

Kauczor, C.; Schulte, T.; Grotstollen, H.: PiezoelectricTransformer of Travelling Wave Type. In: ACTUATOR,Bremen, 2004.

Kauczor, C.; Fröhleke, N.: Inverter Topologies forUltrasonic Piezoelectric Transducers with HighMechanical Q-Factor. In: Power Electronics SpecialistsConference (PESC), Aachen, 2004.

Kauschke, R.; Eichhorn, K.; Wallaschek, J.: AktiveScheinwerfer zur subtraktiven Lichtverteilungserzeu-gung. In:105. DGaO-Tagung, Bad-Kreuznach, 1.–5.Juni 2004, www.dgao.de, Online-Proceeding.

Kauschke, R.; Eichhorn, K.; Wallaschek, J.: AdaptiveScheinwerfer – ein Technologieüberblick. In: Licht2004-Tagung, Dortmund, 19.-22. September 2004,CD-ROM.

Kleinkes, M; Völker, S.: Homogenitätsbewertung fürScheinwerfer-Lichtverteilungen. In: Lighting Researchand Technology, 2004.

Kliebisch, D.; Völker, S.: Entwicklung eines Modells zurBerechnung der Erkennbarkeitsentfernung ausLeuchtdichtebildern. In: Licht 2004-Tagung, Dort-mund, 19.–22. September 2004, CD-ROM.

Littmann, W.; Hemsel, T.; Wallaschek, J.: Design Criteria for Piezoelectric Transformers. In: Proceedingsof the 18th International Congress on Acoustics (ICA 2004), Kyoto, Japan, 4.–9. April 2004, Bd. 4, pp. 2889–2892.

Littmann, W.; Wallaschek, J.: Reibung bei Ultra-schallschwingungen. In: Konstruktion. Düsseldorf,VDI-Verlag, 2004, Nr. 3, pp. 63–64.

Locher, J.; Völker, S.: The Influence of Vehicle BeamPatterns on Safety and Acceptance. In: SAE WorldCongress, Detroit, USA, 2004.

Mracek, M.; Wallaschek, J.; Hemsel, T.: Self Configura-tion of Miniature Ultrasonic Linear Motors. In: Pro-ceedings of the 18th International Congress onAcoustics (ICA 2004), Kyoto, Japan, 4.–9. April 2004,Bd. 1, pp. 417–420.

Mracek, M.; Wallaschek, J.: Powder Transport Basedon Piezoelectrically Excited Ultrasonic ProgressiveWaves. In: Proceedings of the International Confer-ence Piezoelectric Materials and Applications in Actu-ators, Korea Institute of Technology, Seoul, Korea,2004.

Workgroup Mechatronics and DynamicsProf. Dr.-Ing. Jörg Wallaschek

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Mracek, M.; Wallaschek, J.: A System for PowderTransport Based on Piezoelectrically Excited Ultrason-ic Waves. In: Proceedings of the International Confer-ence Microtechnology, Mechatronics and MaterialsIVAM NRW, 2004, pp. 100–102.

Neumann, N.; Goldschmidt, S.; Wallaschek, J.: On theApplication of Set-Oriented Numerical Methods inthe Analysis of Railway Vehicle Dynamics. In: PAMM,Sektion Mathematische Methoden in den Natur- undIngenieurwissenschaften, 2004.

Neumann, N.; Goldschmidt, S.; Wallaschek, J.: On theApplication of Set-Oriented Numerical Methods inthe Analysis of Railway Vehicle Dynamics. In: 4th

European Congress on Computational Methods inApplied Sciences and Engineering (ECCOMAS), 2004.

Sattel, T.: Dynamic Phenomena in Traveling WaveType Ultrasonic-Motors. In: Proceedings of the 18th

International Congress on Acoustics (ICA 2004),Kyoto, Japan, 4.–9. April 2004, Bd. 1, pp. 413–417.

Schlicht, A.: Kongruenz des Blickverlaufs bei virtuellenund realen Autofahrten – Kraftfahrzeugsimulatorenals virtuelles Entwicklungswerkzeug zur Evaluationneuer Scheinwerfersysteme. In: Licht 2004-Tagung,Dortmund, 19.–22. September 2004, CD-ROM.

Sprenger, R.; Kleinkes, M.; Locher, J.: Ausbildung vonNutzungsstrategien bei Fahrerassistenzsystemen amBeispiel eines Infrarot-Nachtsichtsystems. In: VDI-Berichte: Integrierte Sicherheit und Fahrerassistenz-systeme – 21. Internationale VDI/VW Gemeinschaft-stagung, Wolfsburg, 27.–28. Oktober 2004. Düssel-dorf, VDI-Verlag, 2004, Bd. 1864, pp. 531–541.

Storck, H.: Optimierung der Kontaktvorgänge beiWanderwellenmotoren. HNI-Verlagsschriftenreihe, Bd. 138. Paderborn, Heinz Nixdorf Institut, UniversitätPaderborn, 2004.

Völker, S; Kleinkes, M.: Quality of Automotive Head-lamp Light Distribution. In: Lighting Research andTechnology, 2004.

Völker, S.: Bewertungssysteme für Scheinwerfer. In:CTI Tagung, Sindelfingen, 2004.

Völker, S.: How Save Are our Headlamps? In: 2. L-LABSummerschool, Blomberg, 30. August–3. September2004, CD-ROM.

Völker, S.; Schmidt, F.: Bildaufgelöste Leucht-dichtemessung zur Bewertung von Scheinwerfern. In:Licht 2004-Tagung, Dortmund, 19.–22. September2004, CD-ROM.

Völker, S.; Raphael, S.; u. a.: Beleuchtungsstärke oderLeuchtdichte – eine kritische Diskussion desBlendungsmaßes für Kfz – Scheinwerfer. In: Licht2004-Tagung, Dortmund, 19.–22. September 2004,CD-ROM.

Wallaschek, J.; Wickord, W.; Ostermann, T.: Patent-analyse und Patent-Portfolio - Werkzeuge des strate-gischen Patentmanagements. In: Modernes Patentbe-wusstsein in Hochschulen. Münster, Waxmann Verlag,2004, pp. 47–78.

Wördenweber, B.; Wickord, W.: Technologie- und Innovationsmanagement im Unternehmen –Methoden, Praxistipps und Softwaretools. Berlin u. a., Springer Verlag, 2004.

Fairs/Conferences/Seminars1st International Workshop on Piezoelectric Materialsand Applications in Actuators, Seoul, March 28th–30th

2004 (Organizers S. Y. Yoon, KIST, J. Wallaschek)

2nd L-LAB Summerschool ”Expanding Horizons for Automotive Lighting”, Blomberg, August 29th–September 3rd 2004 (Organizer J. Wallaschek)

IIR-Fachkonferenz Lichttechnik (lighting technologysymposium), Stuttgart, Jun 21st–22nd 2004 (technical direction J. Wallaschek)

Mechatronic Workshop VDI, Stuttgart, March 15th–16th 2004 and September 30th–October 1st 2004

Workshop “Intelligente mechatronische Systeme”(intelligent mechatronic systems), Paderborn, March 25th–26th 2004

LED in NRW, Gelsenkirchen, February 3rd 2004 and Krefeld, May 18th 2004 and Aachen, September 14th 2004

Blendungsworkshop (anti-glare workshop), L-LAB,Paderborn, April 21th 2004

Patents· Modellbasierter Lebensdauerbeobachter, DE 102 57 793 A1

· Verfahren zur Ansteuerung einer Lichterzeugung-seinrichtung für Kraftfahrzeuge sowie Vorrichtung,AZ: 102 004 042 092.0

· Scannender Scheinwerfer für Fahrzeuge,AZ: 102 004 032 095.0

Prizes/AwardsThorsten Brandt: Award for the "Best Paper by aYoung Scientist" presented at the 21st InternationalVDI/VW Joint Conference on "Integrated Safety andDriver Assistance Systems". Title: "Ein Ansatz zurautomatischen Kollisionsvermeidung/On AutomaticCollision Avoidance".

Stefan Wilmanns: Weidmüller Prize for OutstandingAchievements in the Basic Study Stage.

Additional FunctionsJörg Wallaschek:· Chairman of L-LAB, Research Centre for LightingTechnology and Mechatronics, PublicPrivatePartner-ship of Hella KG Hueck & Co. KG and the Universityof Paderborn

· Member of the national advisory council onMechanical Vibration of the VDI / DIN

· Spokesman of the Competence Network “LED inNRW“

· Board member of the OpTechNet e.V.· Board member of the Graduate School on DynamicIntelligent Systems

· Board member of the PaSCo (Paderborn Institute forScientific Computation)

· Member of the Senate of the University of Pader-born

· Board member of the Heinz Nixdorf Institute· Member of the Editorial Advisory Board of the Inter-national Journal of Vehicle Autonomous Systems

Stepan Völker: · Board member of the “Lichttechnische Gesellschaftdes Ruhrgebietes“

· Reporter of the Division for mesopic vision at theInternational Lighting Commission (CIE)

· Member of the technical committee for interiorlighting of the LiTG

· Member of the DIN technical norm committee“color” (FNF)

Spin-OffsATHENA Technologie Beratung GmbHThe ATHENA Technologie Beratung GmbH offers sci-entific and business consultancy as well as engineer-ing services in the fields of mechatronics and newtechnologies. ATHENA provides feasibility studies andtechnical expertise, monitors the progress of newtechnologies, supports the technology and innovationmanagement and develops strategies for patentmanagement. For further information seehttp://www.myATHENA.de

PADERSONIC GmbHThe Padersonic GmbH develops, builds and marketsmechatronic systems, in particular in the areas ofpiezo actuators, sensors, optical systems and imageprocessing. It also develops customer-specific soft-ware and hardware solutions for control engineering.

Current Research ProjectsINERELA – Integrative Development of Spatial Electronic DevicesThe aim is to provide a development platform forspatial electronic devices in selected product classes(Chip-on-board Technology, Ultrasonic Bonding Tech-nique, Micro-Sensors, Micro-Electro-Optical Systems).Supporting Institution: BMBF

NBP – Neue Bahntechnik Paderborn (railcab)In this project the main focus of our activities is:Chassis und Switch Technology; Condition Monitor-ing; Overall-System-Optimisation. Supporting Institu-tion: Land NRW/University of Paderborn/City ofPaderborn

Optical Concepts for Active Lighting Technology SystemsOur goal is the evaluation and development of newoptical concepts for active headlights. Active head-lights are considered as a further development oftoday’s Adaptive-Frontlighting-Systems. They allow a free choice of light distribution in front of the vehicle. Supporting Institution: L-LAB

Development of Coordinated Vibration DrivesThis research project develops micromotors as inno-vative direct drives for generating demand-driven lin-ear movements. The goal is for several motors towork together as a unit to create an automaticallyinter-coordinated system of individual motors whichautomatically configure themselves to produce anoptimal operational state. Supporting Institution: DFG

Collective Illumination of the Traffic SpaceThe overall goal of this project is the development ofan active lighting system that allows the optimal illu-mination of the road through several vehicles. Specif-ic targets are the evaluation of sensors and overallvehicle communication systems. Supporting Institu-tion: International Graduate School of Dynamic Intel-ligent Systems.

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Study of Self-Energising Mechanical BreaksBy using self-energising through friction, break-sys-tems that require only little control forces and powerare to be designed. Supporting Institution: Universityof Paderborn, Embassy of Egypt

FEM-Modelling of Piezoelectric Composite OscillatorsIn this project computational methods for the analy-sis of piezoelectric oscillators are developed. Specialattention is paid to resonant excited systems. Sup-porting Institution: DFG

Technology Monitoring LED LightingAs part of the Competence Network LED in NRW weare monitoring the development of the technologyfield of LED lighting. Within this framework we aresupporting the local lighting technology industry inNorth-Rhine-Westfalia in analysing patents anddeveloping and designing new lighting system withlight-emitting diodes. Supporting Institution: LandNorth-Rhine-Westfalia with the Ministries MSWF,MWMEV, MASQT

Mechanical Vibrations in Headlight SystemsBased upon the mechanical modelling of headlightsystems, tools for the optimisation of the vibrationalbehaviour are being developed. The focus of atten-tion is on the coupling of FEM as well as MKS model-ling and experimental modal analysis. SupportingInstitution: L-LAB, Industry

Application of Set-Oriented Methods for the Analysisof Non-Linear Dynamic SystemsThe aim of this project is to provide efficient andgeneral methods to support product development,especially in the analysis of nonlinear dynamic sys-tems. Set-oriented methods will allow to deriveinformation on the dynamics of the system, includinge.g. the form of attractors, absorption- and observa-tion probabilities in the state space of a system. Sup-porting Institution: DFG (PaSCo)

Vibration-Assisted Deep Hole DrillingThe project aims is to overlay deep hole drillingprocesses with ultrasonic vibrations for better results.Working in cooperation with the Institute forMachine Tools at the University of Stuttgart, we arestudying what other kinds of vibration are best suitedfor this and which ultrasound generators are capableof producing stable ultrasonic vibrations. SupportingInstitution: DFG

Adaptive Piezoelectric Resonance Converter withNon-Linear Mechanical Boundary ConditionsThe goal is to investigate concepts for resonant excit-ed piezoelectric systems consisting of an electricalcontrol and oscillating ultrasonic tools under nonlin-ear mechanical loads which are caused by the inter-action of the tool and its environment. Sponsor:Industry

Current Industry Co-operationsL-LAB – Research Centre for Lighting Technology and MechatronicsIn the L-LAB, jointly run in PublicPrivatePartnershipby the Hella KG Hueck & Co. KG and the University of Paderborn, we contribute to interdisciplinary projects. These activities can be classified as basicresearch and technological development. In transferprojects technology demonstrators and lighting sys-tem prototypes with a lead time of 1 to 2 gene-rations are developed. Supporting Institution: LandNRW/Stifterverband/Hella/University of Paderborn

PublicationsElsässer, R.; Monien, B.; Schamberger, S.: Load Balanc-ing in Dynamic Networks, Proc. of the 7th Internation-al Symposium on Parallel Architectures, Algorithms,and Networks (I-SPAN 2004), 193–200, 2004.

Elsässer, R.; Monien, B.; Schamberger, S.: Load Balanc-ing of Indivisible Unit Size Tokens in Dynamic andHeterogeneous Networks, Proc. of the 12th EuropeanSymposium on Algorithms (ESA'04), LNCS 3221, 640–651, 2004.

Elsässer, R.; Frommer, A.; Monien, B. ; Preis, R.: OptimalDiffusion Schemes and Load Balancing on ProductGraphs, Parallel Processing Letters, 14, 61–73, 2004.

Bezrukov, S.; Elsässer, R.; Monien, B.; Preis, R.; Tillich,J.-P.: New spectral lower bounds on the bisectionwidth of graphs, Theoretical Computer Science, 320,155–174, 2004.

Gairing, M.; Lücking, T.; Mavronicolas, M.; Monien, B.:The Price of Anarchy for Polynomial Social Cost, Proc.of the 29th International Symposium on MathematicalFoundations of Computer Science (MFCS 2004), LNCS3153, 574–585, 2004.

Gairing, M.; Geist, R.M.; Hedetniemi, St.; Kristiansen,P.: A Self-Stabilizing Algorithm for maximal 2-pack-ing, Nordic Journal of Computing, 11(1), 1-11, 2004.

Gairing, M.; Lücking, T.; Mavronicolas, M.; Monien, B.;Rode, M.: Nash Equilibria in Discrete Routing Gameswith Convex Latency Functions, Proc. of the 31st

International Colloquium on Automata, Languagesand Programming (ICALP 2004), LNCS 3142, 645–657,2004.

Gairing, M.; Lücking, T.; Mavronicolas, M.; Monien, B.:Computing Nash Equilibria for Scheduling onRestricted Parallel Links, 36th ACM Symposium onTheory of Computing (STOC 2004), 613–622, 2004.

Gairing, M.; Goddard, W.; Hedetniemi, St.; Jacobs, D.:Self-Stabilizing Maximal k-Dependent Sets in LinearTime, Parallel Processing Letters (PPL), 14(1), 75–82,2004.

Lücking, T.; Mavronicolas, M.; Monien, B.; Rode, M.: A New Model for Selfish Routing, Proc. of the 21st

International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects ofComputer Science (STACS 2004), LNCS 2996, 547–558, 2004.

Schamberger, S.: On Partitioning FEM Graphs UsingDiffusion, Proc. of the 18th International Parallel andDistributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS'04), IEEEComputer Society, 277 (CD),2004.

Elsässer, R.; Lorenz, U.; Sauerwald, T.: Agent-BasedInformation Handling in Large Networks, Proc. of the7th International Symposium on Mathematical Foun-dations of Computer Science (MFCS'04), to appear.

Gairing, M.; Lücking, T.; Mavronicolas, M.; Monien, B.;Spirakis, P.: The Structure and Complexity of ExtremeNash Equilibria, Theoretical Computer Science, toappear.

Monien, B.; Schamberger, S.: Graph Partitioning withthe Party Libray: Helpful-Sets in Practice, Proc. of the16th International Symposium on Computer Architec-ture and High Performance, (SBAC-PAD'04), toappear.

Schamberger, S.; Wierum, J.-M.: A Locallity PrevervingGraph Ordering Approach for Implicit Partitioning:Graph-Filling Curves, Proc. of the 17th InternationalConference on Parallel and Distributed ComputingSystems, (PDCS'04), to appear.

Schamberger, S.; Wierum, J.-M.: Partitioning FiniteElement Meshes using Space-Filling Curves, FutureGeneration Computer Systems Journal, to appear.

Fairs/Conferences/Seminars13. International Paderborn Computer Chess Tournament, 10.02.–16.02.2004Program-Chair “International Parallel and DistributedProcessing Symposium” (IPDPS’04) Santa Fe, New Mexico, 26.04.–30.04.2004

Additional Functions· Member of the North-Rhine-Westphalia Academy of Sciences

· Chairman of the Board of Directors of the PC2

· Associated Member of the HNI-Board · Member of the Board of the "Graduate School onDynamic Intelligent Systems"

· Member of the Board of the Graduate College"Automatic Configuration in open Systems"

· Member of the Board of the “Paderborn Institute for Scientific Computation“ (PaSCo )

Spin-Offsm3ITS – Multimedia&moreIT-Services – in the areas of Consulting, Softwaredevelopment, Networks and Servers, Multimedia (dig-ital Audio & Video content creation, Streaming),Databases and Web Design.

Workgroup Parallel Computing Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Burkhard Monien

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PublikationenSohler, W.; Dey, D.; Das, B.; Reza, S.; Suche, H.; Ricken,R.: “Erbium-doped LiNbO3 waveguide lasers: recentprogress“, Photonics 2004, Cochin, Indien, December2004 (invited)

Iwanow, R.; Schiek, R.; Stegemann, G.I.; Pertsch, T.;Lederer, F.: Min, Y.; Sohler, W.: “Observation of discretequadratic solitons“, Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 93, no. 11,113902, 2004

Peverini, O.; Herrmann, H.; Orta, R.: “Film-loaded SAWwaveguides for integrated acousto-optical polariza-tion converters“, IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics,Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control, vol. 51, no. 10,1298–1307, 2004

Sohler, W.; Grundkötter, W.; Lee, J.H.; Lee, Y.L.; Min,Y.H.; Quiring, V.; Suche, H.; Schiek, R.; Pertsch, T.; Led-erer, F.; Iwanow, R.; Stegeman, G.I.: “All-optical signalprocessing in periodically poled LiNbO3 waveguidestructures“, Proc. 30th European Conference on Opti-cal Communication (ECOC '04), Vol. 2, 192–195,Stockholm, Sweden, September 2004, paper Tu3.4.1

Sohler, W.; Das, B.; Reza, S.; Suche, H.; Ricken, R.:“Recent progress on integrated rare-earth dopedLiNbO3 waveguide lasers“, Technical Digest 9th

OptoElectronics and Communications Conference(OECC '04), Yokohama/Japan, July 2004, p.568, paper 14F4-1 (invited)

Caccioli, D.; Paoletti, A.; Schiffini, A.; Galtarossa, A.;Griggio, P.; Lorenzetto, G.; Minzioni, P.; Cascelli, S.;Guglielmucci, M.; Lattanzi, L.; Matera, F.; Tosi Beleffi,G.M.; Quiring, V.; Sohler, W.; Suche, H.; Vehovc, S.;Vidmar, M.: “Field demonstration of in-line all-opticalwavelength conversion in a WDM dispersion man-aged 40 Gbit/s link“, IEEE J. Selected Topics in Quan-tum Electronics, vol. 10, no. 2, 356–362, 2004

Baronio, F.; Barthélémy, A.; Carrasco, S.; Couderc, V.;De Angelis, C.; Lefort, L.; Min, Y.; Pioger, P.-H.; Quiring,V.; Torner, L.; Sohler, W.: “Generation of quadraticspatially trapped beams with short pulsed light“, J.Opt. B: Quantum Semiclass. Opt., vol. 6, p. 182–189,2004 (invited)

Schiek, R.; Iwanow, R.; Stegeman, G.I.; Pertsch, T.; Led-erer, F.; Min, Y.; Sohler, W.: “Staggered und unstag-gered solitons in quadratically nonlinear lithium nio-bate waveguide arrays“, Topical Meeting on NonlinearOptics (NLO '04), Waikoloa/Hawaii, August 2004

Iwanow, R.; Schiek, R.; Stegeman, G.I.; Pertsch, T.; Led-erer, F.; Min, Y.; Sohler, W.: “Moderately localized dis-crete quadratic solitons in periodically poled lithiumniobate waveguide arrays“, Conference on Lasers andElectro Optics (CLEO '04), San Francisco/USA, May2004

Iwanow, R.; Schiek, R.; Stegeman, G.I.; Pertsch, T.;Peschel, U.; Lederer, F.; Min, Y.; Grundkötter, W.;Sohler, W.: “Parametric switching and frequency con-version in PPLN directional couplers“, Conference onLasers and Electro Optics (CLEO '04), SanFrancisco/USA, May 2004

Pertsch, T.; Iwanow, R.; Schiek, R.; Stegeman, G.;Peschel, U.; Lederer, F.; Min, Y.; Grundkötter, W.;Sohler, W.: “Transparent switching in PPLN waveguidearrays“, Conference on Lasers and Electro Optics(CLEO '04), San Francisco/USA, May 2004 (invited)

Altanis GmbH(former Tschöke Optimization Systems GmbH)The object of the company is the Development andMarketing of Software for Production planning withthe help of mathematical Optimization procedures aswell as enterprise consulting. The leading producer ofwooden materials is among our list of clients.

Current Research ProjectsNRW-Research Network "Modeling and Simulation in the Production Line of chemical Products", Project:"Modeling and Simulation of the Process of the Pro-duction of Solid Fuel Particles - especially powderedlacquer – by atomizing melted polymers in an ultra-sonic-wave containment field." (FKZ 515-103012-01)Partner: The Department of Chemistry of the Univer-sity of Paderborn (H.-J. Warnecke, H.-C. Broecker, A.Goldschmidt), University of Stuttgart, University ofHalle Wittenberg, DuPont Herberts Automotive Sys-tems, UCB Chemistry GmbH.Research Area: Numerical Simulation, Parallel Algo-rithms

DFG-Special Research Area "Massive Parallelism:Algorithms, Design Methods, Applications" (SFB 376)Sub-Project A2: Universal Basic PrimitivesSub-Project A3: Balancing dynamic Networks: Foun-dations and Applications

DFG-Special Research Area "Self-Optimizing Systemsof Mechanical Engineering" (SFB 614)Sub-Project A1: Model Orientated Self Optimization

DFG-Central Program "Algorithms for larger andmore complex Networks"Project: "Integration of Network Concepts and fleet assignment in Flight planning"Research Area: Combinatorial Optimizations, Meta-Heuristics, Airline Optimizations.

“DELIS - Dynamically Evolving Large-scale Information Systems”EU-Projekt (IP-2004-001907). Partner: Universita diRoma "La Sapienza" (I), Computer Science Institute inPatras (GR), Telecom Italia Learning Services S.p.A. (I),Telenor Communication AS (N), Universita di Bologna(I), Max-Planck-Institut für Informatik in Saarbrücken(D), University of Karlsruhe (D), Universitat Polytecni-ca de Catalunya in Barcelona (E), Universitat PompeuFabra in Barcelona (E), University of Cyprus (CY),Technische Univesität München (D), Charles Univer-sity in Prague (CZ), Wroclaw University of Technology(P), University of Cambridge (UK), Universite de Paris-Sud XI (F), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich (CH), Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (CH).The objectives of the Integrated Project DELIS are:1. To understand the structure, self organisation anddynamics of large scale information systems like theinternet, the World Wide Web, peer-to-peer systems,with support of methods from statistical physics.2. To provide methods, techniques and tools for con-trolling and optimizing such systems, using, amongothers, large scale optimization techniques and inspi-rations from biology.3. To apply methods from market mechanism andgame theory in order to understand and to organizethe competition of actors in the system for resourceslike bandwidth, computing power, data etc.4. To provide platforms for experiments and proto-typical implementations of our findings, in order totest and compare them, and to make them accessible.5. To demonstrate the capabilities of our methods,techniques and tools in two application areas of highscientific and economic impact.

“ALCOM-FT – Algorithms and Complexity – Future Technology“EU-Projekt (IST-1999-14186). Partner: Aarhus Univer-sitet (DK), Max-Planck-Institut für Informatik (D),Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et enAutomatique INRIA (F), Computer Technology Insti-tute (GR), Universita di Roma (I), Universiteit Utrecht(NL), Universität Köln (D), Universitat PolitecnicaCatalunya, Barcelona (E), University of Warwick (UK).The main emphasis of the project is on a novel com-bination of application oriented research in threeimportant areas – massive data sets, massive andcomplex communications and complex problems inproduction and plannung, with innovative method-ological work on experimental algorithmics andgeneric algorithmic methods.

“FLAGS – Foundational Aspects of Global Computing Systems“EU-Projekt (IST-2001-33116). Partner: ComputerTechnology Institute (GR), National and KapodestrianUniversity of Athens (GR), University of Cyprus (CY),Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya (E).The main emphasis of the project is to provide a uni-fying scientific framework and a coherent set ofdesign rules, for global systems resulting from theintegration of autonomous interacting entities,dynamic multi-agent environments and ad-hocmobile networks.

Current Industry Co-Operations"Use of Operations Research Procedures in AirlineOptimization"Employer: Lufthansa Systems GmbH

Workgroup Applied Physics/Integrated OpticsProf. Dr. rer. nat. Wolfgang Sohler

HNI_2004_90_110_GB 14.02.2005 11:26 Uhr Seite 107

Workgroups108

Workgroup Philosophy of Science and TechnologyProf. Dr. phil. Volker Peckhaus

Baronio, F.; De Angelis, C.; Pioger, P.-H.; Couderc, V.;Barthélémy, A.; Min, Y.; Quiring, V.; Sohler, W.: “Lateraldisplacement of beams in transversely engineeredTi:PPLN waveguides“, Technical Digest Topical Meet-ing “Nonlinear Guided Waves and their Applications“(NLGW '04), Toronto/Canada, March 2004, paper TuC 43

Pertsch, T.; Schiek, R.; Stegeman, G.I.; Peschel, U.; Led-erer, F.; Min, Y.; Grundkötter, W.; Sohler, W.: “Parametric switching and frequency conversion in PPLN directional couplers“, Technical Digest TopicalMeeting “Nonlinear Guided Waves and their Applica-tions“ (NLGW '04), Toronto/Canada, March 2004, paper TuA 3

Pioger, P.-H.; Couderc, V.; Barthélémy, A.; Baronio, F.;De Angelis, C.; Min, Y.; Quiring, V.; Sohler, W.: “Ultra-fast reconfigurable spatial switching between a quad-ratic solitary wave and a weak signal“, TechnicalDigest Topical Meeting “Nonlinear Guided Waves andtheir Applications“ (NLGW '04), Toronto/Canada,March 2004, paper TuA 2

Schiek, R.; Iwanow, R.; Stegeman, G.I.; Pertsch, T.; Led-erer, F.; Min, Y.; Sohler, W.: “Low power transparentswitching in quadratic nonlinear waveguide arrays“,Technical Digest Topical Meeting “Nonlinear GuidedWaves and their Applications“ (NLGW '04),Toronto/Canada, March 2004, paper TuA 1

Iwanow, R.; Stegeman, G.I.; Schiek, R.; Pertsch, T.; Led-erer, F.; Min, Y.; Sohler, W.: “Multi-channel discretequadratic solitons in periodically poled lithium nio-bate waveguide arrays“, Technical Digest Topical Meeting “Nonlinear Guided Waves and their Appli-cations“ (NLGW '04), Toronto(Canada), March 2004,paper MA 7

Schiek, R.; Iwanow, R.; Pertsch, T.; Stegeman, G.I.;Schreiber, G.; Sohler, W.: “One-dimensional spatialsoliton families in optimally engineered quasi-phase-matched lithium niobate waveguides“, Opt. Lett. 29,no. 6, 596–598, 2004

Das, B.K.; Ricken, R.; Quiring, V.; Suche, H.; Sohler, W.:“Distributed feedback-distributed Bragg reflectorcoupled cavity laser with Ti:(Fe:)Er:LiNbO3 waveguide“,Opt. Lett. 29, no. 2, 165–167, 2004

Pioger, P.-H.; Baronio, F.; Couderc, V.; Barthélémy, A.;De Angelis, C.; Min, Y.; Quiring, V.; Sohler, W.: “Spatialrouting at 125 Gbit/s based on noncollinear genera-tion of self-trapped beams in Ti:PPLN film wave-guides“, IEEE Photon. Techn. Lett., vol. 16, no. 2, 560–562, 2004

Additional FunctionsMember of the Program- and Advisory-/Steering-Committee ECIO '05

Current Research ProjectsROSA(Ultrafast All-Optical Signal Processing in EngineeredQuadratic Nonlinear Waveguides)Supporting institution: EU

Research group "Integrierte Optik in Lithiumniobat:Neue Bauelemente, Schaltkreise und Anwendungen"(Integrated Optics in Lithium Niobate: new devices,circuits and applications)with the following individual projects:· A1 "MgO-doped, periodically poled waveguides in stoichiometric LiNbO3"

· B1 "Parametric fluorescence generators and oscillators for the mid-infrared"

Supporting institution: DFG

40 Gbps Lithium Niobate Optical ModulatorSupporting institution: Korea Electronics TechnologyInstitute (KETI)

PublicationsPeckhaus, V.: Jean Nicod (1893-1924). Notebiographique, translated by Max Kistler, InstitutNicod, Paris, http://www.institutnicod.org/jn.htm.

Peckhaus, V.: Logik als Organon: Erfindung des Neuen und Beherrschung der Komplexität in denWissenschaften. In: Matthias Kaufmann/AndrejKrause (eds.): expressis verbis. Philosophische Betra-chtungen. Festschrift für Günter Schenk zum fün-fundsechzigsten Geburtstag, pp. 66–89, Halle a.S.: Hallescher Verlag 2003.

Peckhaus, V.: The Pragmatism of Hilbert’s Programme.In: Synthese 137 (2003), pp. 141–156.

Peckhaus, V.: Dignãga’s Logic of Invention. In: IvorGrattan-Guinness; B.S. Yadav (eds.): History of theMathematical Sciences, pp. 97–107, New Delhi: Hindustan Book Agency 2004.

Peckhaus, V.: Calculus Ratiocinator vs. CharacteristicaUniversalis? The Two Traditions in Logic, Revisted. In:History and Philosophy of Logic 25 (2004), pp. 3–14.

Peckhaus, V.: Schröder’s Logic. In: Dov M. Gabbay;John Woods (eds.): Handbook of the History of Logic,Vol. 3: The Rise of Modern Logic: From Leibniz toFrege, pp. 557–609, Amsterdam etc.: Elsevier NorthHolland 2004.

Peckhaus, V.: "Aber vielleicht kommt noch eine Zeit,wo auch meine Arbeiten wieder entdeckt und gelesenwerden": Die gescheiterte Karriere des Ernst Zermelo.In: Wolfgang Hein; Peter Ullrich (eds.): Mathematikim Fluß der Zeit. Tagung zur Geschichte der Mathe-matik in Attendorn/Neu-Listernohl (28.5. bis1.6.2003), pp. 325–339, Algorismus 44, Augsburg:ERV Dr. Erwin Rauner Verlag 2004.

Peckhaus, V.: Garantiert Widerspruchsfreiheit Exis-tenz? In: Bente Christiansen; Uwe Scheffler (eds.):Was folgt? Themen zu Wessel, pp. 111–127, LogischePhilosophie, Berlin: Logos Verlag 2004.

Peckhaus, V.: Paradoxes in Göttingen. In: GodehardLink (ed.): One Hundred Years of Russell's Paradox.Mathematics, Logic, Philosophy, pp. 501–515, deGruyter Series in Logic and Its Applications 6, Berlin,New York: de Gruyter 2004.

Peckhaus, V.: Otto Friedrich Gruppe und die LogischeFrage. In: Ludwig Bernays (eds.): Otto FriedrichGruppe 1804-1876. Philosoph, Dichter, Philologe, pp. 49–71, Rombach Wissenschaft. ReiheParadeigmata 3, Freiburg i.Br.: Rombach Verlag 2004.

Peckhaus, V.: 13 Articles in: Dieter Hoffmann, HubertLaitko, Staffan Müller-Wille (eds.): Lexikon der bedeu-tenden Naturwissenschaftler in drei Bänden, Heidel-berg: Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Vol. 1 (2003):Bolzano, Boole, Carnap, Curry, Dingler, Vol. 2 (2004):Frege, Gödel; Vol. 3 (2004): Peirce, Tarski, van derWaerden, Whitehead, Wolff, Zermelo.

Peckhaus, V.: Review of Eckart Menzler-Trott:Gentzens Problem (2001). In: Bulletin of SymbolicLogic 9 (2003), pp. 508–510.

Peckhaus, V.: Review of George Boole: Selected Manuscripts on Logic and Its Philosophy, Ivor Grat-tan-Guinness, Gérard Bornet (eds.) (1997). In: TheReview of Modern Logic 9, no. 1 & 2 (November2001-November 2003), pp. 221–224.

Peckhaus, V.: Review of Rudolf Boehm: Topik (2002).In: History and Philosophy of Logic 25 (2003), pp. 155–156

Peckhaus, V.: 13 Reviews in: Mathematical Reviews2003.

Peckhaus, V.: 15 Reviews in: Zentralblatt für Mathe-matik und ihre Grenzgebiete 2003.

Ghin, M.: Naturwissenschaft und Phänomenologie. In:Erwägen Wissen Ethik 15 (2004), pp. 163–165.

Ghin, M.: Review of Thomas Metzinger (2003): BeingNo One: The Self-Model Theory of Subjectivity. In:Human Nature Review 3 (2003), pp. 450–454.

Fairs/Conferences/Seminars40 Jahre Institut für Kybernetik (40 Years Institute of Cybernetics), 26-28 August 2004, UniversitätPaderborn.

Additional Functions· Member of the managing board of the DeutscheVereinigung für Mathematische Logik und Grundla-genforschung der exakten Wissenschaften (DVMLG).

· Member of the scientific board of the Gesellschaftfür Wissenschaftsgeschichte.

HNI_2004_90_110_GB 14.02.2005 11:26 Uhr Seite 108


· Permanent member of the German National Com-mittee of the Division for Logic, Methodology andPhilosophy of Science in the German National Com-mittee of the Division of History of Science of theInternational Union of the History and Philosophyof Science.

· Member of the editorial board of the journal TheReview of Modern Logic

· Member of the editorial board of the journal Histo-ria Mathematica

· Member of the editorial board of the journal Historyand Philosophy of Logic

· Member of the scientific committee of the journalPhilosophia Scientiae. Travaux d'histoire et dephilosophie des sciences (Nancy)

· (Co-) editor of the journal Mathematische Semes-terberichte

· Review editor for the history of logic of the journalBulletin of Symbolic Logic

· Member of the Program Committee of the Colloqui-um Logicum 2004 of the Deutschen Vereinigung fürMathematische Logik und Grundlagenforschung derexakten Wissenschaften, 17.-19. September 2004 inHeidelberg.

Current Research ProjectsFormal Languages as Universal Languages and theOrigins of Formal Logic, supported by Antorchas-DAAD (Argentinian-German Exchange of Researchersin Projects)

Scientific Biography of Ernst Zermelo (1871-1953),supported by DFG

Co-editor of the Oskar Becker edition project, supported by DFG

HNI_2004_90_110_GB 14.02.2005 11:26 Uhr Seite 109

Heinz Nixdorf InstituteUniversity of Paderborn

Fuerstenallee 1133102 Paderborn


Heinz Nixdorf Institute:

How to find us

Heinz Nixdorf Institute:

How to find us

Location Map110

Travelling by car

From the A33 motorway take the exitPaderborn-Elsen. Turn onto Bundes-straße (main road) B1 towards Bad Lipp-springe/Detmold. After approx. 1.5 kmleave Bundesstraße B1 at the exit Pader-born/Schloss-Neuhaus. Continue straightahead at the traffic lights (Heinz-Nixdorf-Ring, Dubelohstraße) onto the Heinz-Nixdorf-Ring and turn left at the next set of lights (Heinz-Nixdorf-Ring, Fürstenallee) onto Fürstenallee. The HeinzNixdorf Institute is approx. 300 m alongthis street on the right-hand side.

Travelling by air

From Paderborn/Lippstadt Airport take bus No. 400/460 towards Paderborn Hbf(main station). From the main station takebus No. 11 towards Thuner Siedlung andget off at the MuseumsForum stop (totaljourney time approx. 50 minutes).

Travelling by train

From Paderborn Hbf (main station) takebus No. 11 towards Thuner Siedlung andget off at the MuseumsForum stop (totaljourney time approx. 10 minutes).

HNI_2004_90_110_GB 14.02.2005 11:26 Uhr Seite 110

Imprint:Imprint:

PublisherHeinz Nixdorf Institute (HNI)Prof. Dr. math. Friedhelm Meyer auf der Heide (President)

Editors & CoordinationDipl.-Wirt.-Ing. Christoph Wenzelmann (Executive Editor)Dipl.-Ing. Michael Brökelmann Alexandra DutschkeDipl.-Wirt.-Ing. Thomas MüllerPhone: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 65Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 61 85Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 67Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 81E-Mail: [email protected]

Contact Kerstin Hille | Ursula LüttigHeinz Nixdorf InstituteUniversity of PaderbornFuerstenallee 1133102 PaderbornPhone: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 11/13Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 12http://wwwhni.upb.de

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Fuerstenallee 1133102 PaderbornPhone +49(0)5251|60 62 11Fax +49(0)5251|60 62 12http://wwwhni.upb.de

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