hebrew verb forms

7/28/2019 Hebrew Verb Forms

1/4

The Strong Verb

Qallq'G

Nifall['p]nIN

Piell[ePiD

Puall['PuDp

Hitpaell[eP't]hi

HtD

Hifilly[ip]hi

H

Hofall['p]h;

Hp

Perfect/

Suffix conj.qal

1cs

2ms

2fs

3ms

3fs

1cp

2mp

2fp

3cp

yTil]f'q;T;l]f' ;T]l]f'q;lf' ;

hl;f]q;Wnl]f'q;

T,l]f'q;T,l]f'q;Wlf]q;

yTil]f'q]nIT;l]f' ]nIT]l]f'q]nIlf' ]nI

hl;f]q]nIWnl]f'q]nI

T,l]f'q]nIT,l]f'q]nIWlf]q]nI

yTil]F'qiT;l]F' iT]l]F'qilFe i

hl;F]qiWnl]F'qi

T,l]F'qiT,l]F'qiWlF]qi

yTil]F'quT;l]F' uT]l]F'qulF' u

hl;F]quWnl]F'qu

T,l]F'quT,l]F'quWlF]qu

yTil]F'q't]hiT;l]F' 't]hiT]l]F'q't]hilFe 't]hi

hl;F]q't]hiWnl]F'q't]hi

T,l]F'q't]hiT,l]F'q't]hiWlF]q't]hi

yTil]f'q]hiT;l]f' ]hiT]l]f'q]hilyfi ]hi

hl;yfiq]hiWnl]f'q]hi

T,l]f'q]hiT,l]f'q]hiWlyfiq]hi

yTil]f'q]h;T;l]f' ]h;T]l]f'q]h;lt' ]h;

hl;f]q]h;Wnl]f'q]h;

T,l]f'q]h;T,l]f'q]h;Wlf]q]h;

Imperfect/Prefix conj.

yiql

1cs

2ms

2fs

3ms

3fs

1cp

2mp

2fp

3mp

3fp

lfoq]a,lfoq]Tiylif]q]Tilfoq]yIlfoq]Tilfoq]nI

Wlf]q]Tihn:l]foq]Ti

Wlf]q]yIhn:l]foq]Ti

lfeQ;a,lfeQ;Tiylif]Q;TilfeQ;yIlfeQ;TilfeQ;nI

Wlf]Q;Tihn:l]feQ;Ti

Wlf]Q;yIhn:l]feQ;Ti

lFeq'a}lFeq'T]yliF]q'T]lFeq'ylFeq'T]lFeq'n

WlF]q'T]hn:lFeq'T]

WlF]q'yhn:lFeq'T]

lF'qua}lF'quT]yliF]quT]lF'quylF'quT]lF'qun

WlF]quT]hn:l]F'quT]

WlF]quyhn:l]F'quT]

lFeq't]a,lFeq't]TiyliF]q't]TilFeq't]yIlFeq't]TilFeq't]nI

WlF]q't]Tihn:l]Feq't]Ti

WlF]q't]yIhn:l]Feq't]Ti

lyfiq]a'lyfiq]T'yliyfiq]T'lyfiq]y"

yliyfiq]T'lyfiq]n"

Wlyfiq]T'hn:l]yfeq]T'

Wlyfiq]y"hn:l]yfeq]T'

lf'q]a;lf'q]T;ylif]q]T;lf'q]y:lf'q]T;lf'q]n:

Wlf]q]T;hn:l]f'q]T;

Wlf]q]y:hn:l]f'q]T;

Cohortative s

p

hl;f]q]a,hl;f]q]nI

hl;f]Q;a,hl;f]Q;nI

Imperative ms

fsmp

fp

lfoq]

ylif]qiWlf]qihn:l]foq]

lfeQ;hi

ylif]Q;hiWlf]Q;hihn:l]feQ]hi

lFeq'

yliF]q'WlF]q'

lFeq't]hi

yliF]q't]hiWlF]q't]hihn:l]Feq't]hi

lfeq]h'

yliyfiq]h'Wlyfiq]h'hn:l]feq]h'

Jussive s lfo ]yI lfe ;yI lFe 'y lFe uy lFe 't]yI lte ]y" lt' ]y:Infinitive abs

cstr

lfoq;lfoq]

lfoQ;hilfeQ'hi

lFoq'lFeq'

lFoqu lFeq't]hilFeq't]hi

lfeq]h'lyfiq]h'

lteq]h;

Participle ms

fs

mp

fp

lfe/qtl,f,/q

ylif]/qt/lf]/q

lf;q]nItl,f,q]nI

ylif;q]nIt/lf;q]nI

lFeq'm] lF'qum] lFeq't]mi lyfiq]m' lt;q]m;

wayyiql lfoq]YIw" lfeQ;YIw" lFeq'yw" lFequyw" lFeq't]YIw" lteq]Y"w" lt'q]Y:w"


2/4

The Hebrew Verb: The Stem System

SIMPLE FACTITIVE CAUSATIVE

ACTIVE/

STATIVE

Qal

rb'v;

Moses broke the tablets

Piel

rBevi

Moses put the tablets into thestate of having been broken

Hifil

ryBiv]hi

The LORD caused Moses tobreak the tablets

PASSIVENifal

rB'v]nI

The tablets were broken (byMoses)

Pual

rB'vu

The tablets were put into thestate of having been broken

Hofal

rB'v]h;

Moses was caused to breakthe tablets

REFLEXIVENifal

rB'v]nI

The tablets broke themselves

Hitpael

rBev't]hi

The tablets put themselvesinto the state of having been

broken

Internal Hifil

byrIq]hi

Moses caused himself to benear

The actual form of the Hitpael for the verb rbv is not rBev't]hi but rBeT'v]hi. In the Hitpael of I-v verbs there ismetathesis of the t of the prefix and the v of the root (for the sake of euphony).

The internal Hifil is a reflexive use of the Hifil stem, corresponding only to verbs that are active-transitive orstative in Qal.


3/4

Hebrew Verb Forms

VERB FORMS VERB FORMS

Perfect

lf'q;suffix conjugation (sc)

qal

Imperfect

lfoq]yIprefix conjugation (pc)

yiql

Waw-consecutive Imperfect

lfoq]YIw"waw-consecutive pc

wayyiql

Waw-consecutive perfect

lf'q;wwaw-consecutive sc

wqal

Waw-simple Perfect

lf'q;wwaw-simple sc

wqal

Waw-simple Imperfect

lfoq]yIwwaw-simple pc

wyiql

MEANING MEANING

Aspect: views the action or state as an entire singularevent or situation; presents the action or state as a whole,as complete (not completed)

Aspect: views the action or state as unfolding or inprogress; presents the action or state as ongoing orrepeated;

this verb-form is also used to express an action orstate that is dependant, which would include future,modal and volitional usage

Translation into English: most common ways ofrendering these verb-forms into English are: simple past perfect present (esp. for verbs of state, disposition,

perception)

Transl ation into English: most common ways ofrendering these verb-forms into English are: future durative past or present modal (could, would, should, might, may, etc.) volitional (expressing wish, will, desire)

The verb forms on the left of the chart are employed mostly in past time narrative contexts.

The verb-forms on the right side of the chart are employed mostly in speech or direct discourse, where statementsconcerning the future or expressions of obligation, necessity, purpose (modal notions), or desire (volitional notions)would be expected. They would also be used in discourse describing customary or habitual (recurring) action in thepast.


4/4

Mechanical Parsing Chart

PARSING

SYSTEM

n

T ay na

i u

-it

NIFAL HOFALQAL PIEL

PUAL

HITPAEL

QAL

HIFIL

HITPAEL

PUAL

PIEL

HOFAL

HIFIL

HIFIL

NIFALinf abs

NIFALparticiple

NIFALperfect HIFIL

impv/inf

HIFILperfect

NIFALimpv/inf

HOFAL

HIFIL

-it

u

HITPAEL

i

a

+ final a+ final + final

a

-it

i

u

+a

+d.f.other

+u

+d.f.+d.f.

+a

+u

+am h

other

+i

A class I class U class Indistinct

Historical long / () y e() y i () W ()Tone long ; () e () o ()Tone short ' (a) , (e) i (i) u (u);(o)Shewa } () () ] ()No prefix3 radicals presentQal, Piel, Pual

+ Qal act ptc

+ Qal pass ptcp

+ Qal inf abs

+other Qal perf

a+d.f Piel impv/inf

a+no d.fPiel impv

w/ W y i Qal impv

i+d.f. Piel perf

i+no d.f. Qal impv

w/ W ory i

u+ Pual inf abs

o+shewa

w/ suffix Qal inf cstrQal impv

u+other Pual perf

Shewa Qalnot propretonic impv/inf

Shewa Qal perf propretonic t,/t,

Qal pass ptcpinflected

Qal perf/impv+pron sfx

No prefix2 radicals presentQal

Perfect hollowgeminate

Ptc hollowImpv I-nInf. cstr I-n/I-w

impv I-w hollow

inf cstr hollowsegolate typesI-n/I-we+e+t/i w/sfx

impv hollow (II-w)geminate

inf cstr hollow (II-w)geminate

inf abs hollow

Shewa+W, y i orh ;

impv I-nI-w/yIII-h

hebrew verb forms

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