heavy metals in the soil environment
TRANSCRIPT
VERSITy
FEBRUARY 2014
UNI
BT SOIL
TITEL PÅ PRÆSENTATIONHeavy metals in
the soil environment
THEAVY METALS IN SOILPEDER MARIBO
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Metal Deficiency Normal growth Toxicity
Heavy metal and effect on plants grown in substrate solution.
The concentration is mg/L in the substrate solution.
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1) Aluminum density 2,7 g/cm3
( )1
From: McLean & Bledsoe, USEPA (1992)
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RISK: TOXCICITY + MOBILITY›Indoor climate (vapours: Hg, As, Se)
›Water – solubility (pH, Redox, complex agents..)
›Plant uptake (root zone)
›Soil ingestion (topsoil - ½ m)
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THEAVY METALS IN SOILPEDER MARIBO
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Key mechanisms that control the distribution of metals between soil water and particle phases. From McLean & Bledsoe (1992).
Solubility
THEAVY METALS IN SOILPEDER MARIBO
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pH dependant reaction:
Me(OH)x ↔ Mex+ + x OH-
Mex+ compete with H3O+ on soil particles (cation exchange)
Sorption and soil pH
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Metal solubilitypH – pC diagrams
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pC =
-Log
([Cd]
)
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In EU. From: EEA – 3rd env. assessment, 2003.
http://reports.eea.eu.int/environmental_assessment_report_2003_10/en/kiev_chapt_09.pdf
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HEAVY METAL ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITS IN DENMARK
1984: Unleaded gasoline introduced.1994: Lead is removed from gasolineAtm. dep. of lead in the 60’ties approx 50.000 – 60.000 μg/m2/year
Data from Danish EPA (Miljøstyrelsen). Miljøprojekt 663 “kortlægning af diffuse jordforurening I byområder” (2002)
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HEAVY METAL NON-POINT SOURCE DEPOSITS IN DENMARK:
“Kunstgødning” : mineral fertiliser“Spildevandsslam” : Sludge from wastewater treatment plantsQuality criteria DK. Lead (Pb): 40. Arsenic (As) 20. Cadmium (Cd): 0.5 [ mg / Kg DW]With the present deposition rate it take from 14 to 70 year to increase the 30 cm topsoil metal content with 1 % compared to the present level.
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Arsenic (As) in
Danish soils: Red: 10 mg/kg Yellow: 5 mg/kg Dark green: 0 mg/kg
From DMU, 1992 survey:
http://www.dmu.dk/Jord/Tungmetaller+i+danske+jorde/Kort+over+tungmetaller+i+Danmark/Arsen/
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Data from www.
http://www.grida.no/soeno98/contam/press2.htm
Lead in humuslayer of Norwegian natural soils.
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DK
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Legislation and approach: Sensitive areas: top ½ m soil to be clean*GW areas: no significant leaching
*CF: danish quality criteria for contaminated soil
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Substances Problem Sources
Heavy metals(Hg, Pb, Cd…)
Toxic & chronic effectsBio accumulation(strong sorption - Kd)
IndustryNon-point deposition: smoke, sludge and fertilizer
Mineral oil products(BTX, MTBE, PAH...)
Health. Taste + smell(indoor climate, water + skin contact)
Gasoline stations + tanks for oil heating
Chlorinated solvents(PCE, TCE..)
Cancer, toxicity.Bioaccumulation(indoor climate + water)
Dry cleaningMetal processingGraphic industry
PbCr
PCEBTX PAHThe Usual
Suspects…