heavy duty truck emissions · donald h. stedman and gary a. bishop department of chemistry and...

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First Mexico City Remote Sensing Symposium March 27-28, 2014 Donald H. Stedman and Gary A. Bishop Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208 www.feat.biochem.du.edu dstedman@du,edu HEAVY DUTY TRUCK EMISSIONS

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Page 1: HEAVY DUTY TRUCK EMISSIONS · Donald H. Stedman and Gary A. Bishop Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208 dstedman@du,edu HEAVY DUTY TRUCK

First Mexico City Remote Sensing SymposiumMarch 27-28, 2014

Donald H. Stedman and Gary A. BishopDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry

University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208www.feat.biochem.du.edu

dstedman@du,edu

HEAVY DUTY TRUCK EMISSIONS

Page 2: HEAVY DUTY TRUCK EMISSIONS · Donald H. Stedman and Gary A. Bishop Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208 dstedman@du,edu HEAVY DUTY TRUCK

Truck RSD acknowledgements• Measurements of all pollutants in California supported by NREL, SCAQMD and CARB.

• Peralta weigh station (E‐bound 91) and Port of LA roughly 2000 trucks at each location.

• Optical RSD Measurements 2008, 2009, 2010 and 2012.

• 2013 SHED/OHMS measurements Port and Cottonwood weigh station (N‐bound I‐5).

• Texas with NCTCOG and TAMU.• Vancouver with DU and Envirotest Canada.

Page 3: HEAVY DUTY TRUCK EMISSIONS · Donald H. Stedman and Gary A. Bishop Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208 dstedman@du,edu HEAVY DUTY TRUCK

Two remote sensing methods to deal with high level exhaust

• Optical remote sensing (RSD) on a tower or scaffolding.

• SHED/OHMS which integrates about an eight second acceleration cycle of emissions.

Page 4: HEAVY DUTY TRUCK EMISSIONS · Donald H. Stedman and Gary A. Bishop Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208 dstedman@du,edu HEAVY DUTY TRUCK
Page 5: HEAVY DUTY TRUCK EMISSIONS · Donald H. Stedman and Gary A. Bishop Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208 dstedman@du,edu HEAVY DUTY TRUCK

Vancouver OHMS

Page 6: HEAVY DUTY TRUCK EMISSIONS · Donald H. Stedman and Gary A. Bishop Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208 dstedman@du,edu HEAVY DUTY TRUCK
Page 7: HEAVY DUTY TRUCK EMISSIONS · Donald H. Stedman and Gary A. Bishop Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208 dstedman@du,edu HEAVY DUTY TRUCK

Streamlined Heavy‐duty Emissions Determination

SHED

OHMSOn‐road Heavy‐duty Measurement System

Page 8: HEAVY DUTY TRUCK EMISSIONS · Donald H. Stedman and Gary A. Bishop Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208 dstedman@du,edu HEAVY DUTY TRUCK

Truck about to pass under test shed

Page 9: HEAVY DUTY TRUCK EMISSIONS · Donald H. Stedman and Gary A. Bishop Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208 dstedman@du,edu HEAVY DUTY TRUCK

Shows perforated extraction tube leading to instrument enclosure 

Page 10: HEAVY DUTY TRUCK EMISSIONS · Donald H. Stedman and Gary A. Bishop Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208 dstedman@du,edu HEAVY DUTY TRUCK

Perforated Exhaust Sampling TubeExhaust Sample Blower

AnalyticalInstruments

Page 11: HEAVY DUTY TRUCK EMISSIONS · Donald H. Stedman and Gary A. Bishop Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208 dstedman@du,edu HEAVY DUTY TRUCK

OHMS Pipe50 ft

Inline Fan

Horiba AIA 240; NDIR – CO2 & COHoriba FCA 240; FID – HC & NOHoriba FCA 240; UV – Total NOxDroplet Measurement Tech PAX – Black Carbon Dekati Mass Monitor (DMM 230-A) – PM and number

Speed & AccelerationLicense PlateIR Exhaust Temperature

11

Page 12: HEAVY DUTY TRUCK EMISSIONS · Donald H. Stedman and Gary A. Bishop Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208 dstedman@du,edu HEAVY DUTY TRUCK

0

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.1

0.12

0.14

0.16

0.18

0.2

0 5 10 15 20 25

Voltage

Time Seconds

CO2CO

HC

NO

NOx

NOx =  25.5NO2 = 5.5gm/kg

Typical Port Truck

Undetectable CO ,HC, PM ,BC

Page 13: HEAVY DUTY TRUCK EMISSIONS · Donald H. Stedman and Gary A. Bishop Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208 dstedman@du,edu HEAVY DUTY TRUCK

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996

NOx em

ission

s gm

/kg

Model Year

HDDV NOx Emissions by OHMS/SHED and by RSD optical method "O" N= about 10,000

Cottonwood

Peralta

POLA 2013

POLA 2012

Vancouver

Texas

o

o

Page 14: HEAVY DUTY TRUCK EMISSIONS · Donald H. Stedman and Gary A. Bishop Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208 dstedman@du,edu HEAVY DUTY TRUCK

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015

NO

2/NO

xratio

Chassis Model Year

NO2/NOx Ratio

Houston 2009

Peralta 2009

Port of LA 2009

Optical RSD POLA and Peralta

Page 15: HEAVY DUTY TRUCK EMISSIONS · Donald H. Stedman and Gary A. Bishop Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208 dstedman@du,edu HEAVY DUTY TRUCK

‐0.4

‐0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014

NO2/NOx OHMS Vancouver 2013

Page 16: HEAVY DUTY TRUCK EMISSIONS · Donald H. Stedman and Gary A. Bishop Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208 dstedman@du,edu HEAVY DUTY TRUCK

HDDV NOx results

• Optical one second snapshot and SHED/OHMS results provide reasonable agreement on HDDV NOx emissions by model year.

• OHMS results do not (yet?) meet the USEPA 2010 standard of about 1.33 gm/kg of fuel. This may arise from averaging.

• Interesting things happen with the NO2/NOxratio by MY.

Page 17: HEAVY DUTY TRUCK EMISSIONS · Donald H. Stedman and Gary A. Bishop Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208 dstedman@du,edu HEAVY DUTY TRUCK

OHMS Smoke Results

• Attend CRC next week for most up to date OHMS smoke results.

• Next slide shows Vancouver smoke results in which the newest HDDV mostly meet the USEPA and CARB standards of about 0.07 gm/kg.

• The one second optical snap shot RSD does appear to have a small offset of about 0.5 gm/kg.

• From older HDDV smoke is throttle dependent.• Note that Port 2007 chassis HDDV were required to meet 2007 motor smoke emission standards.

Page 18: HEAVY DUTY TRUCK EMISSIONS · Donald H. Stedman and Gary A. Bishop Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208 dstedman@du,edu HEAVY DUTY TRUCK
Page 19: HEAVY DUTY TRUCK EMISSIONS · Donald H. Stedman and Gary A. Bishop Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208 dstedman@du,edu HEAVY DUTY TRUCK

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015

PM and BC g/kg vs model year Vancouver and POLA

PM g/kg

BC g/kg

POLA

Approx. Std.

Page 20: HEAVY DUTY TRUCK EMISSIONS · Donald H. Stedman and Gary A. Bishop Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208 dstedman@du,edu HEAVY DUTY TRUCK

Applications

• Entry to Ports? Weigh stations?• Border crossing (including weight power and braking capability)

• HDV I/M “My car gets tested what are you doing about all those trucks”? Essentially an ASM or IM240 test using the road as the dynamometer

• DPF (and SCR) deterioration; random testing

Page 21: HEAVY DUTY TRUCK EMISSIONS · Donald H. Stedman and Gary A. Bishop Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208 dstedman@du,edu HEAVY DUTY TRUCK

Texas

Page 22: HEAVY DUTY TRUCK EMISSIONS · Donald H. Stedman and Gary A. Bishop Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208 dstedman@du,edu HEAVY DUTY TRUCK

Texas

Page 23: HEAVY DUTY TRUCK EMISSIONS · Donald H. Stedman and Gary A. Bishop Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208 dstedman@du,edu HEAVY DUTY TRUCK

Port of LA OHMS

Page 24: HEAVY DUTY TRUCK EMISSIONS · Donald H. Stedman and Gary A. Bishop Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208 dstedman@du,edu HEAVY DUTY TRUCK

Cottonwood OHMS

Page 25: HEAVY DUTY TRUCK EMISSIONS · Donald H. Stedman and Gary A. Bishop Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208 dstedman@du,edu HEAVY DUTY TRUCK
Page 26: HEAVY DUTY TRUCK EMISSIONS · Donald H. Stedman and Gary A. Bishop Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208 dstedman@du,edu HEAVY DUTY TRUCK
Page 27: HEAVY DUTY TRUCK EMISSIONS · Donald H. Stedman and Gary A. Bishop Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208 dstedman@du,edu HEAVY DUTY TRUCK
Page 28: HEAVY DUTY TRUCK EMISSIONS · Donald H. Stedman and Gary A. Bishop Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208 dstedman@du,edu HEAVY DUTY TRUCK

Conclusions• OHMS works!• It works in narrow low tents and taller wider tents (except tall and wide loses some lower exhaust trucks in a strong headwind).

• Texas had problems with CO and HC early and BC all the time.

• Vancouver and more recent data look very good.• Emissions results of new regulations are apparent especially smoke.

• OHMS test takes 15 seconds. • PEMS >2 hrs, HDDyno ~12 hrs!

Page 29: HEAVY DUTY TRUCK EMISSIONS · Donald H. Stedman and Gary A. Bishop Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208 dstedman@du,edu HEAVY DUTY TRUCK
Page 30: HEAVY DUTY TRUCK EMISSIONS · Donald H. Stedman and Gary A. Bishop Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208 dstedman@du,edu HEAVY DUTY TRUCK

Thank You

• Questions