heating with fireplaces and clay tiles

7/28/2019 Heating With Fireplaces and Clay Tiles

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Heating with Fireplaces and clay tilesCentral heating with automatic regulation of heating allows a leisurely and economical stay, but our romance and nostalgia, aswell as the most serious need, forced to use a fireplace or tiled stove. In addition to the pleasant atmosphere created by the fireand light the flame, the local heating furnace for central heating appropriate supplement. Typical representatives of local heatingby solid fuel fireplaces and tiled stoves, making the heat into space by radiation and convection. All bodies radiate heat, and thebodies of a higher temperature crosses the lower body. An example is the solar radiation in winter, when cold air around us, thesun is still pleasantly warm. Sun radiation warms the air directly between the stove and a barrier, so the advantage of radiant

heating in the fact that air does not circulate so intense and not borne dust particles with each other. With convection, heat istransferred by air to be heated at the origin. Warm air is rising at the hot body, in his place comes the cold air. An open fireplaceradiates more heat by radiation. In crucibles also shows most of the heat carried by radiation, as well as works by convectionwhen the colder air rises along the walls of the kiln and the heat. Fireplaces with open fireplace generally have poorercombustion efficiency (30 to 50%). While the yields are better clay oven (60 to 70%). A large proportion of the heat radiationemitted fireplace, sealed with a glass - ceramic door. In these fireplaces can be adjusted intake, combustion, or. size of theflames, combustion efficiency, range between70 and80%).Me fireplaces, which emit the bulk of heat by radiation, is considered a ceramic furnace ( single skin cast iron muffle furnace).The advantage of this furnace is that it heats up quickly, but no accumulation of skills (when fuel is burned, cool the roomquickly). For holiday homes, where in addition to the living room heated in some other place, is being increasingly installed castiron fireplaces that are designed to heat the water for radiators Heating or air (warm air heating).Modern fireplaces come in all shapes, power range is for small fireplaces from 7 to 11 kW and more, or 3500 to 4000 W / m 2

opening fireplaces. Space in which we intend to put a fireplace, shall be not less than20 m 2. At the market we have a choice offireplaces. From brick open, closed cast separate ovens, built-in combination of cast iron fireplaces to warm air can be heated orother district facilities. They should only be properly connected to the chimney and to provide air for combustion.

Tiled stoves are wood-fired kilns are located primarily in rural areas, and are designed to prepare food and heating. Suchimplementation serves as a furnace with a basic surface on which you load the fuel and lit from above.Contemporary Dutch oven furnace is closed, smoke fumes on their way to heat massive chimney housing award, which is thenemitted into the room slowly. The recoveries of clay stoves are better than for fireplaces, enclosed fireplace because it alsohelps to regulate heating. Due to its high accumulation capacity, compared with a fireplace, not necessary as often impose fuel.

As with fireplaces, is also in the crucibles of the individual imagination is left to the outside because you can choose from avariety of glazed tiles, which is walled furnace. Modern Dutch oven because of its diversity, can actually be installed in eachroom.In the previous autumn or spring period, when the outside temperature does not require a full day of heating, local heating canbe replaced by central heating, which at that time operated with low efficiency. It is increasingly invoked rule that appropriatelydimensioned central heating system of IP on the external milder climatic conditions and to provide local stove as an additionalsource of heat whenever the outside temperature is very low. The advantage of the local installation of the furnace in the eventof failure to have a central heating system at least one source of heating.

First KAMIN1.1. Historical DevelopmentIn Central Europe, fireplaces in final form developed by the 9th century, while the developed civilization, many previously used avery sophisticated heating systems (eg, Romans, warm air heating). Manufacture fireplaces was the first beginnings of a verysimple - niche in the massive wall, flue gases are emitted by the shortest route to freedom. Fireplaces were initially completelysmooth on the outside, but later they began in richer homes adorn and oblagati with family crests and emblems. Start stylisticdecorations of fireplaces began in the early Renaissance , luxury and quality materials, the fireplace began to receive theRococo and Baroque periods. Since they did not have fireplaces large enough output, by about the 14th century began tosupplant the various furnaces, especially in northern and central Europe, while in the milder coastal climate fireplaces keep it asthe main sources of heat.

Around 1600 a Frenchman Savot buil t open fireplace with heated secondary air circulation, but this idea came up to the trueforce only when the appropriate level to develop the foundry trade. Approximately 150 years later, Benjanin Franklin made thesepensilvanski fireplace, which contained Savotov principle of secondary heating and air circulation, and was designed to allow a

longer path of flue gases. This invention was the forerunner and foundation for modern fireplaces heat effective. Around theyear 1900 occurred in these Franklin stove, which had a cast iron furnace door. With the invention of welding the Franklin stoveis improved, because cast iron construction does not allow simple shapes. The gradual development of the fireplace is thecentral place of the furnace is installed with the holes in the roof of flue gas to the fireplace with a hat and lovilnikom flue gasescontinue to develop Zidani chimney and flue hood to trap gases and up to the fireplace with a circulation of heated air. The nextstep in upgrading the fireplace combustion air inlet outside the furnace, narrowed section of the flue gas outlet and theinstallation of smoke control lopute.Tako, in which a long period of time shaped the final form of an open fire, they were formedas certain empirical rules are still the basis for designing fireplaces.1.2. Characteristics of modern fireplacesFireplace is usually the central object in space, so it is important that the aesthetic and decorative works even if it does not fire.Classic design fireplaces, as shown in Figure 1, we find it particularly older buildings. In today's world have developed acompletely new form of an open fireplace, occurred with a whole series of new materials, which to some extent contribute to thenew look and especially efficiency fireplace. Despite the freedom of design, it is necessary for designing, constructing andinstalling a fireplace in the room to comply with certain rules. There were a large number of various structures fireplace, whichwould be more rational for using fuel. The fuel is still used exclusively firewood, dried in air. Other fuels, mainly coal and cokeare not useful, except for structures that are specially designed for this (closed fireplaces with glass doors or metal). Hot air isthe most widespread version, all the more hot water is also used to implement, where he built a fireplace heat exchanger, whichsignificantly increases output.


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Slika 1 Klasineoblikekaminov

Many manufacturers of furnaces in its agenda of industrial prefabricated open fireplaces. Since conventional fireplaces built a lotof time and appropriate expertise, our semi-industrial installation or assembly is made easy by making the fireplace.This fireplace is made up of the frame is made of lightweight insulating concrete. In the frame already mounted fireplace variouscomponents required for proper operation. Assemble as instructed by the manufacturer, we need to use special anti-fireresistant mortar. Fireplace after installation connected to the chimney. Cross-section and height of the chimney and thedimensions of the channel for the supply of combustion air from outside, in any case, the manufacturer or designer fireplacecentral heating according to the required output. Otherwise, it may happen that the manufacturer of the fireplace will not want togive warranty for the installed fireplace. Open-hearth fireplace with a bad combustion efficiency (30 to 50%). The bulk of theheat is transferred by radiation, thermal power fireplace is approximately 3500 to 4500 W / m 2 opening fireplaces. Improvedefficiency (up to 75%) have a closed-hearth fireplaces, where a fireplace with glass door closed, allowing the observation of fire

and provide a pleasant atmosphere in the cold autumn and winter evenings. Emit heat radiation into space with protective glassdoors, most of the heat by convection to the award of the air we moved off from the space through channels in the body of thefireplace. To achieve the thermal power, we must be properly sized furnace and fireplace designed. In order to achieve greaterpower in the partition walls can insert fireplace air channels by which we keep the air that is heated back into space (Fig. 2).

kurie

v dimnik

topel zrak

hladenzrak

svei zrakodzunaj

zgorevalni zrak

ventilator

SLIKA2 Kaminz ventilatorjeminzranimi kanali

izmenjavatoplote -

loputa

filterduileczvoka

Except for the air channels, you can install a hot water pipe exchanger (Figure 3). Forms of water laptops are different from piperegisters to double wall designs. They are made of boiler plate or cast iron cast. Designed so that as more heat is transferred

from the furnace to the water, so they reduced the proportion of heat transmitted by radiation and convection.


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dimnik

G

zunanjetemp.tipalo

Legenda:

K..kotelG..gorilniknaoljeali plin..rpalkaE..ekspan.posoda

HT..hranilniktoplote(bojler)DV..delilni ventil - preklopnakaminMV..mealni ventilTV..toplasanitarnavodaHV..hladnasanitarnavodaTTk..temp.tipalokaminaTTpov..temp.tipalopovratka

talnoogrevanje

DV

SLIKA3 Povezavakaminazogrevalnimsistemom

HV

HTTV

ogrevanaklop

E

TTk

TTpov

MV K

PRENOSNIK

TOPLOTNI

kamin

With convection and heat-emitting fireplaces that are designed so that air movement is possible along the walls and flue gasalong the way. At the bottom, and top sites are tops. Air is heated them, it rises and enters the room through the grating above,while the bottom-flowing fresh, cool air. Stoves, where the heating takes place by convection (air is heated during thecombustion chamber and the outer layer) are usually steel.

When the prefabricated fireplace and plugged up the chimney, it is not yet complete, has yet to produce coating. Making wrapsshould be carried out carefully, you can build in type coating. Linings are usually combined in the brick facade, cut or carvedstone and metal surfaces.2.2. The components of the fireplaceOpen hearth fireplaces are relatively good exhaust flue gases. Fireplace is surrounded by walls of artificial material and thechimney. Heat storage material is stored for times when fuels burn slowly. Figure 4 shows the composition of an open fireplaceand chimney.


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SLIKA4 Sestava- sklopodprtegakaminaindimnika

preklada

viinakuria

viinatal

regulacijskaloputa

vrhdimnika

napakamina

A

BA x B

sevalnaodprtina

pokrov dimnika

kapadimnika

N a Figure 4 shows the basic structure of the fireplace, in conjunction with a chimney. In fact, the fireplace as a whole mademore complicated, as shown in diagram in Figure 4 For decorative fireplace liner behind center, which is comprised of variouscomponents which are necessary for the smooth operation of the fireplace. The base of each fireplace open fireplace is the corethat can be done very easily or contain various additives, allowing improved performance and efficiency of burning. When youconnect with the core fireplace chimney, get the entire fireplace and chimney system that allows normal operation. Fireplacewithout a chimney kernel can not work, so it is in the design and installation of fireplaces require more attention in the chimney,as a sine qua non for the smooth functioning fireplace. Mounted fireplace that will be good and safe working condition, therequired task, it really just a piece of established masters and companies that have years of experience in this field.2.3. Fireplace fireplaceFireplace chimney is a place where fuel is burnt. The primary task of the burner, to allow proper combustion and proper fluegases in the chimney. From the size and shape depends on the burner, heat capacity of an open fireplace, so when designing a

fireplace do consider it necessary. N a Figure 5 shows the components of the fireplace firebox.

d..zgorevalnareetkadimnikaloputa

reetkaloputa

vratazodprtinami zazrak

SLIKA5Sestavni deli kuriakamina

zbiralnikpepela

amotnaobloga

c..dnokuria

f.. preklada

b..hrbeta..stranica

d

a

c

b

f

a

d

PREREZSKOZI KAMIN

During the burning in the fireplace caused the high temperature load, so they must all be non-combustible materials firebox. Tothis end, a fire bricks. Figure 6 shows the temperature conditions in the fireplace and chimney output, depending on thedimensions of the burner.


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zgorevalnatemp.900- 1200C

35

SLIKA6Toplotnamokaminaintemp.razmerevkaminu

A

800C

500C

E

100 C

B

20

C

F MODIMNIK

D(cm)

E(cm)

F(cm)

S(cm2)

Q(kW)

2100

1500

1100

1100

1100

660

660

33

333358

33

33

3368

463395

105 4646

3380

3320

43 20

7,0

5,6

4,6

3,5

3,2

2,9

2,6

2,3332038

66053

40100 75

135

150

120

90

100

85

50

56

45

75

A(cm)

70

75

75

75

85

90 40

40

40

KAMIN

B(cm)

70

C(cm)

40

Fireplaces are basically very different shapes (rectangular, square, trapezoidal, circular, parabolic). Individual forms have theirown specific characteristics, especially when emitting radiation of heat into the room. Heat emitted by radiation furnace worstquadratic form (only strain the back, sides and do not emit radiation). Furnace trapezoidal shape strain in the area much better,because in addition to the back side, the heat in the space radiation emitted by the sides. The best strain in the furnace room,round or parabolic shape, but in practice the implementation of such a furnace is quite difficult. In the version and release thefireplace hearths dimensioning is its depth. If the furnace is too shallow, it is not enough space to fire. Too far into the furnace, itis impractical to operate, the flame is "hidden" in the depth of the firebox and loses its effect .Shallower furnace is more efficient for thermal radiation, but often there is a disruption in the operation. Furnace sizing level

depends on the size of the room in which the fireplace and chimney on the purpose. In the event that the space below, set upthe furnace as low as possible, but if space is higher, the furnace may be raised. Optimum depth of the firebox 30 to50cm(Figure 7).

SLIKA7 Vrstekurigledenanivokuria

30

-5

0

5050

40

-6

0

50

If the furnace is used for baking. To the furnace 60 cmfrom the ground. Furnace can be installed even below the level of basicfloor of the room, so we have a deeper pit in the floor of the living room. In this case, the seats and fireplaces below groundlevel.

At the bottom of the burner, combustion grate is installed, at which the fuel burns. Under the grille is a container or channel forcleaning ash. The grid must be constructed so that it is possible to optimize combustion and easy to clean ash. The spacingbetween the bars must be large enough to fall through, ash, embers and must remain on the grid. Must be made of suitablenon-combustible material. Under the grate must be placed in the primary combustion air to achieve optimum combustion. Forsecurity, it is necessary that the floor in front of non-combustible hearth material (npr.keramika, stainless steel), and thusprotected from any flying embers (for example, where firewood is used for soft and resinous wood of conifers). It is alsorecommended that in the vicinity of the burner, no wooden parts. The width of the oven liners should be50 cmand sides 30 cm.Minimum distance from combustible objects furnace must be at least80 cmFrom the channel edge protection 40 cm.2.4. Napa fireplace

The task of the hood in the open fireplaces is that the resulting flue gases from combustion of fuel and air from the room, whichpenetrates into the furnace is collected and discharged to the chimney. When the hood classic fireplaces usually built of brick,while the industrially manufactured fireplaces designed in one piece of fire-resistant light concrete. It is made so that the width of


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the narrow width of the furnace chimney. The walls of the hood should be as smooth and without bumps that flue gases can bemixed with room air smoothly discharged into the chimney. All posts must be properly designed, they do not generate smokegas in their way to the chimney are no obstacles (Figure 8).

240

SLIKA8Pravilnaoblikanape

45

30

-6

040

160

45

25/25

Hood except that discharged flue gases and excess air in the chimney, they must also prevent the penetration of flue gasesback into the furnace. This is achieved by the hood just above the hearth slightly narrowed to the flow rate of flue gas and air isincreased, which means better traction in this part of the fireplace, which is usually critical. By narrowing the furnace do, createa rotation chamber to prevent the ingress of flue gases back into the room (due to any sudden gust of wind). Figure 9 shows theperformance of turning fireplace chamber or tipovratnim tooth, which is an essential element in the sophisticated structures ofopen fireplaces.

dovodzunanjegazraka

SLIKA9 Pravilnainnepravilnaizvedbakamina

Izvedbazpovratnokomoroali obrailnimzobomomogoi, dasedim.pliniobsunkihvetraobrnejonazaj vkamin

A

IzvedbaA

IzvedbaB- brezpovratnegazobaObsunkihvetrasedim.plini obrnejooziromavdirajonazaj vprostor

B

In summer when the fireplace is not used, a drain air from the room through the fireplace chimney and fireplace in benefits forthe exchange of air. In the event that heated room in winter with another heat source (fireplace benefits only in the transitionalperiods) and warm air leakage through the fireplace a certain heat loss. To stop this we have installed in the hood, butterfly


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valve, which close the flow of air through the fireplace. With the valve in the event of a fireplace can also partially regulate theflow of flue gases through the furnace. Purse - Control damper must be so constructed that we have the manual control inseveral stages. After mounting the hood should be connected to the chimney. It is important that a connection to the chimneymust not be greater than 45 degrees (Figure 10). It is also necessary to ensure that contact between the hood and chimneyconnection work done professionally enough that later there is no interruption in the operation of the fireplace.

SLIKA10Izvedbaprikljukakaminanadimnik

30- 45C

izolacija

L

2.5. ChimneyWhat will work depends on an open fire to a large extent on the choice of the correct size chimney. The most common cause ofthe fireplace is not working or smoked too much, the wrong choice in the chimney. Chimney flue gases discharged resultingfrom furnace to the outside. Because of the resultant traction occurs resulting in the vacuum furnace, the stove air invades itspace and is then discharged as excess air in flue gases to the outside. The larger the aperture of the fireplace, the greater isthe amount of air that penetrates into the furnace. For this reason, the chimney must have such a cross section that is capableof discharging the entire volume of flue gases and air from the furnace. In the event that the intersection of the chimney issufficiently large, there is a bad pull, and invasion of flue gases back into the room. When using an open fireplace chimneyshould be considered:

- Open fireplace can be connected only to a separate chimney or smoke coil alone, if we have a lot more chimneys.Connecting to an open fireplace to the chimney, which is connected over the firebox, is not allowed because it wouldbe harmful flue gases coming through the fireplace into the room.

- The minimum chimney height can be 4,5 mirrespective of its cross section. If the chimney is higher, is also improvedthrough the chimney flue, but to open fire is more important to have sufficient cross-section dimensions of the SunFurnace.

In addition to the chimney connector, and its cross section and the height and shape of the firebox, the open fireplace design isimportant for the combustion air supply. The construction of the fireplace is already so good to think before we build thechimney, as this makes the design, layout and output (position) stack. Fireplace needs to be put as close to the chimney, whichshould preferably take place inside the building. This cuts down losses in tow, arising from long lines and heat losses due tocooling of the stack (in comparison with the chimney if it is positioned on the outer wall). Chimneys can have different cross-sections (circular, square, rectangular) must be properly insulated and made tight enough to avoid disturbances in tow. Giventhe implementation can be built of brick, isolated or metal coils. It is also important chimney height above the roof, as it is one ofthe essential conditions for normal operation. Above all, be careful not installed in the chimney adverse pressure zone. Is morefavorable to the chimney penetrates the roof close to the ridge. Zazidamo by 40 -50 cmover the ridge and thus avoid thecompression zone. When the chimney penetrates the roof in the middle or even lower, it must be so high that extends from theadverse pressure field (Fig. 11). The adverse pressure zone air currents (wind) pressure from the top down toward the chimney,and prevents him from functioning. (An area above the roof overpressure which prevents chimney draft). In the event that wehave a house near the senior building, before construction of the chimney is good to know what area covers a pressure zone.Consult with the designer is required to determine proper position and height of the chimney, which is especially important inwindy areas. Flue protect against precipitation with appropriate dimniko hat that can be so made to further improve traction(special adapters that work on the injector principle).


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0,5m

do1,5m

od1,5do3,0m

nad3m

SLIKA11Viinadimnikavodvisnosti ododdaljenosti odslemena

>20

10

For good efficiency the fireplace flue gas temperature required in the furnace from 200 to 250 C, which is achieved by theisolation of chimneys. In the same dimensions of the chimney (requires cross-section, height) is preferred round shape (crosssection) from a square coil, better walls are smooth and rough.The inner coil must be properly insulated, rock wool is preferred. Should be made of a material which is impermeable to gases,resistant to fire and heat from flue gases. Stainless steel coil is to be fired by solid fuels are suitable only if properly insulatedand walled.2.6. Location of the fireplace in the roomNobody wants to see him in a room with a fireplace shortage of air for breathing or to sit in a "smoke screen". For this reason,

we must ensure a smooth supply of fresh air and proper venting. flue gases. Very comfortable, where we sit by the fireplace andlet us on the floor blowing cold air, which absorbs the fireplace. This inconvenience occurs in older fireplaces that do not have aspecific secondary air flow under the fireplace. Fireplace needs to function much air, so in this case use of space. The resultinglow pressure area, so the air penetrates through all the potential openings, especially cracks in windows and doors (especiallythe elderly poor are problematic window seal wings). If the window behind our back, we blow air to the ground causingdiscomfort. This can be prevented to install a fireplace in the room so that we do not have much to back openings. If possible,

you should avoid putting the gateway and the location of the fireplace to the drafts and constant traffic is not impeded in itsfunction (Fig. 12).


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vstavljenv

b)zranikzreetko

nazunanji steni

okenskosteklo

a) zranik

c) regulacijskareetkavgrajenav izoliranoroletnoomarico

PRAVILNO!(a,b,c... monevariantezadovodzrakavprostor)

dimnik

SLIKA12Legakaminagledenaoknainvrata

vrata

vrata

terasa- balkon

vrata

Neugodnalegakaminamedvrati!

okno

kamin

(prepih)

NAPANO!

kaminsvei zrak

okno

vrata

mrzel zunanji

okno

zrak

Pravilnalegakamina!

vrata

okno okno

okno

vrata

okno

kamin dimnik

In the event of a fireplace into the space where it is not possible to provide direct air supply, can be provided in the followingways:

- Insert the vent window glass with blinds or lattice with the ignition key (Figure13 a)- vent be installed with a grid on the outer wall (Fig. 12 b),- The control grid mounted in an insulated box roletno (Fig. 13 c).

For all these cases, it is considered that the ventilation grilles placed close to the fireplace and the way that part of space wherethe house. In addition to the incorrect installation of the fireplace in the room block normal operation, can spoil the aestheticeffect (especially if we want the fireplace in the central part of the equipment in the room (Figure 13).

40

Pravilnopostavljenkotni kaminNapanopostavljenkotni kamin

SLIKA13 Postavitevkotnegakamina

70 40

2.7. Sizing an open fireplaceThe most important element of an open fireplace chimney, in addition to the kernel stack. Determination of the dimensions ofthe chimney is one of the key elements in the design. As already mentioned, is the fireplace output 3500 - 4500 W / m 2 openingfireplaces. For burning in open fireplaces shall be permitted only wood. Materials such as chipboard , etc. is not allowed to burn.


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Large thermal power fireplace requires a large amount of fresh air for combustion is transmitted to., Which may be in a placewhere you want to install a fireplace, causing discomfort and a feeling of drafts. Air speed in open fireplaces is 0.2 m / s. Thecombustion air volume required is 120 to 500 m 3 / h, which depends on the thermal power of the fireplace. According to therules should be provided in a room where there is a fireplace (fireplace), a minimum of 360 m 3 / h of air for combustion to1 m 2

free fireplace openings. If space is located in a second furnace, it is necessary to ensure a minimum 540 m 3 / h to1 m 2freefireplace openings. Apart from these two requirements, the place he built a fireplace to have at least one door or window to theoutside, which can be opened and continued open hole to the minimum size of 150 cm 2 , which, when not working fireplace,close the appropriate valve. This requirement is difficult to ensure the well-sealed windows and doors in such cases moved off

to the burner, specific channels. The amount of CO 2 in flue gases is 1 to 2%. Cross-section of the chimney is calculatedaccording to the mean temperature of the flue gas outlet (50 - 60 C) and the necessary amount of air and flue gases.

Chimney sizing according to DIN 4705 or use the diagrams shown in Figure13 a.

Example:The aperture area of the fireplace at B x H = 1.00 x 0.50 = 0.5 m 2. Chimney height between the upper edge of the fireplaceopening and chimney head is7 m. The space is warmed by the volume150 m 3.The result of calculation:From the diagram in Figure 14 can be read:

section of the chimney with a diameter of 25 cmor square cross-section of 22.5 x 22.5 cm

air duct cross-section of 280 cm 2 depending on the volume of space150 m 3

When we want to quickly assess whether or section. chimney section responsible to the built-in fireplace, you can use theequation.:Cross-section of the chimney (cm 2 ) = radiant aperture (cm 2 ) / 10For our example is:

5000 cm 2 / 10 = 500 cm 2 or diameter =25 cm

Conditions that apply to domestic chimneys are evident in the relevant regulations DIN the 1860th For the chimney subject tothe regulations to DIN 4705

1,0

0,8

0,6

0,4

0,24

odprtinak

amina(

m2)

300m3Volumenprostora

0

400

200

cm2

presek

kanala

zaz

rak

za

zgorevanje

EfektivnaviinadimnikaH(m)

SLIKA13aDimenzioniranje presekadimnikavodvisnosti odpovrineodprtinekaminainviinedimnikaH.

6

kvadratni presek

27,5

25

6

20

108

18

22,5cm

30

12 14 4 8

20

1210

18

22cm

25

okrogli presek

30

10014 200

600

In Figure 13 b shows the implementation of the fireplace with a direct fresh air supply from outside.


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SLIKA13b Kaminzdirektnimdovodomzunanjegazraka

podnivojemreetkekuria

dovodzrakaodzunaj

zrakzazgorevanje

zrakzazaitnopregrado

Second 8th Fuel for fireplacesIn open fireplaces should burn only selected high-quality fuel. The preferred fuel is hardwood that burns slowly and with a coolflame and embers create enough (beech, oak, birch). Properly dried wood shall contain less than 20% moisture, so it isrecommended that before you use at least two years of air and stored in a dry place. Wood coniferous (spruce, fir, pine) is lesssuitable for burning in open fireplaces, since large resin content on combustion give off sparks. Protect against flying sparks inopen fireplaces achieved by hanging iron or brass knitted into the furnace, which is inappropriate in terms of appearance.Except for deciduous trees and coniferous wood can be used in soft wood ( poplar, linden, alder) but they are characterized tohave a low calorific value, and not burn fast enough to create embers. Firewood for burning to have a diameter of 6 to10 cmanda length of 30 to 40 cm. Co-firing with coal or briquettes is allowed only in closed hearth fireplaces.For fireplaces that are made to order or standard must be accompanied by instructions for use and maintenance. Lighting thefireplace with a variety of flammable liquids (spirits, fuel oil, gasoline) is forbidden and dangerous. The fire can burn at thebeginning of fomenting the appropriate bellows. For fireplaces with closed fireplace doors must not be opened too quickly, whichmay be due to excess pressure in the combustion chamber, flue gases enter the room. After firing we need to verify that no

more ashes and embers then clean the ash and smoke damper and close the air intake ducts. Acting like this, we ensure thatspace does not come in flue gases and ash residues. It should be underlined that fall outside the furnace fireplace wood wasteand household scraps. Care must be for the regular cleaning of the furnace and chimney to the barge and burning well.Second ROOM Tiled stovesBefore deciding on the type of tiled stoves need to know what its useful options. There are several types, namely:

- free standing ceramic kiln- earthen oven in combination with built stove,- earthen oven of heated secondary air,- earthen oven with water exchanger for heating water- earthen stove with cast iron insert and the possibility of hot air heating- earthen furnace with a heated seat- portable clay stove.

Dutch oven with the heat emitted by radiation and convection. Differs from the fireplace in the form of hearths, which is closed,as well as the shape and length of the flue gases. Its peripheral areas are larger, Inside a walled with solitary or brick masonry,which increase the reservoir capacity. The outer casing is made of nonporous glazed tiles (standard dimensions are 21 x35 cm),

Which are made of baked clay and the surface temperature can reach up to 150 C. In Figure 14 shows the heating of the

classic tiled stove.


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zunanji

zrak

ogrevanje- konvekcija

SLIKA14Ogrevanjesklasinolonenopejo

hladni zrak

sevanje

ogreti zrak

Slowly heated Dutch oven off the heat but still a long potential, when the furnace is not burning anymore. We burn it with allkinds of solid fuels, wood, peat, lignite, coal and briquettes. Instead of solid fuel burners can benefit from built-in oil or gas(warm air heating). Normal barge is 10 Pa. The type of furnace depends on what fuel we use. Before deciding on the size of theoven is good to know the heat dissipation area and then choose the furnace according to its specific heat power. In view of thefurnace wall thickness is known:

- heavy type furnaces with heat output 0.7 kW / m 2 peripheral areas- type furnaces with high power 1.0 kW / m 2 peripheral areas- light type furnace with the power of 1.2 kW / m 2 peripheral surface.

In a very low oven in the wall of glazed tiles only without the chamotte lining. Wall thickness is approximately2 cmand dependson the thickness of glazed tiles. Furnace has a light version of the chamotte wall panels, the total thickness is approximately5cm. For medium-heavy performance in the furnace chamotte plates, the total thickness is approximately7 cm. Heavy Duty thickwall ovens10 cmand more per square meter of such a wall has a weight of approximately 200 kg. Implementation of the ovenaffects the accumulation of heat. When we want the oven heats up quickly and rapidly begins to heat the space (eg weekendhomes) can choose the furnace. The cross is heavy oven heats slowly, but still gives off heat long after the cessation of firing. Ina furnace heated to several places hkrati.Na Figure 15 shows the heating of three rooms with a tiled stove.

PROSTOR1

PROSTOR3

z lonenopejoSLIKA15Ogrevanjetrehprostorov

kanal zatoplizrak

PROSTOR2

Figure 16 shows the surface temperatures of the Middle Dutch oven type thermal power 1.0 kW / m2

peripheral surface.


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140

120

100

80

60

40

20

00

temperaturan

ap

ovrini(C)

skupnapovrinapenic

penicenakuriu

penicenazgornjemdelupei

srednjatemperatura

SLIKA16 Temperaturenapovrini lonenepei srednjetoplotnemoi (1kW/m2)

2

URE

4 6

1

3

2

8 10

1

3

2

2.1. Modalities of implementation of flue gas circulation cruciblesBasically distinguish three ways of circulation of flue gases, which are shown in Figure 17

A

VODORAVNACIRKULACIJA KOMBINIRANACIRKULACIJA

dimnik

SLIKA17Naini izvedbecirkulacijedimnihplinov

VERTIKALNACIRKULACIJA

dimnikB

dimnik

C

Figure 17 Ashows the horizontal circulation of flue gases, where the flue gases constantly rise against the chimney in a zigzagline. Suitable design is shown in Figure 17 B, where the flue gas rising in certain channels, but in some run down (verticalcirculation). The advantage of this system is that the whole surface evenly heated oven, which is on the picture to learn17

Abetter. In this implementation, is heating up "targeted" so that the first (hot channel) furnaces oriented in space and it isheated, while the cooler channels directed towards the wall. With such performance by more heated but less wall space behindthe stove. The best way is a combined circulation of flue gases, which is shown in Figure17 Cand in the construction of furnacesare also the most used. A combination of low clay oven is shown in Figure 17 D. Horizontal channels are in the middle of theoven, vertical grooves on the side of the furnace.


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D

SLIKA17 Kombinirani sistemcirkulacijedimnikhplinov

In Figure 18 shows an earthen kiln with secondary air heating system.

topli zrah

sekundarnegazraka - grelnecevizacurkulacijo

A

A

sek. hladenzrak

SLIKA18Lonenapessistemomogrevanja

130 100

dimnik

hladenzrak

ogreti zrak

250 90

PREREZA- A

4th Tiled stoveIn many older farmhouses can be found in the baker's oven, or the so-called baker's oven. which are most characteristicelement of a farm house. Feature wood-fired oven is that it is used for heating the main living room or a house, and also servesfor cooking or baking. Stoves were initially low, but later acquired a dome. The result was a two-floor furnace with two types ofglazed tiles below and above one type or vice versa. Lower and upper part of the distinguished decorative wreath. At first theywere glazed tiles Knurled that got more land and thus higher thermal power. Later, the upper part of the furnace began to buildthe dome. In more recent era, changing a furnace, glazed tiles were decorated with various reliefs and moldings. More recently,the re-tiled stove became popular type of local heating source and choose to do so more and more owners of holiday homesand family homes in rural areas. The advantage of this furnace is that it has a fireplace large enough so that they can be indifferent wood-burning fuels that are not suitable for burning in other furnaces. In Figure 19 shows the bread (rustic) stove withchimney, which is still in use today.


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45

40

zaslon

kuhinjaalihidnik

dimnik

zunanjadvokrilnavrata

SLIKA19 Kruna-- kmekapezdimnikom

peskupolo

betonskaploa

ustjepei

stebri

zapeek

lesenerante

45

70

165

dnevni prostor

50

5th CONCLUSION

Apart from the good properties of the local heating by solid fuel are also some disadvantages. Heating with solid fuel stovesrequire more attention in the maintenance of fuel, several times a day is necessary to impose a fuel and remove ash. During theheating season is often necessary to clean the chimney, temperature and temperature distribution in space is uneven, lower fuelefficiency. Older classic open fireplaces and stoves have efficiencies less than 30% efficiency with latest version of the30and50%, but there are opportunities to improve the energy efficiency of these devices are relatively large. State of the artperformance combined open fireplaces and clay ovens, which are based on recent findings have efficiencies between50and75% and is already available on the domestic market. If the fireplace oven can sti ll be bought and placed themselves withoutthe assistance of an expert, can not be tiled stove. For installation of the fireplace or tiled stove is also important capacity of thesoil. In mono-carrying capacity of reinforced - concrete slabs is questionable, therefore, a special foundation for the fireplace notin use. Otherwise, it is in older buildings and wooden ceilings where necessary further strengthen the capacity ceiling with

additional crossmembers. Medium Heavy Duty Dutch oven 4 KW heat output has a mass of approximately800 kg. If the floorbeneath the stove, such deposition, there is the possibility of cracks in the walls of the furnace through the cracks and escapeinto space flue gases. It is also necessary to set up a kiln sure that the wall behind the stove is electric cables. Heating with tiledstove or fireplace in the house heating system most commonly a supplementary source. This comes in handy during thetransition periods in spring and autumn and winter, of course, when the extreme cold.

Bojan Grobovek, univ.dipl.in.str.Sources:

-

- DIN 4705- fireplaces manufacturers datasheets

heating with fireplaces and clay tiles

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