heather nancarrow - bocsar.nsw.gov.au
TRANSCRIPT
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Heather NancarrowDirector
Qld Centre for Domestic and Family Violence Research CQUniversity, Mackay
23rd June 2009
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Map of presentation
Domestic violence (IPA)in Australia
Prevalence & natureConsequencesCausal factors
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Map of presentationImplications for domestic violence prevention
Application of various crime prevention approaches
Brief analysis of current approaches to prevention
Integrating primary, secondary and tertiary prevention approaches.
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Domestic violence in Australia
47% of all male violence against women
Affects almost one in five women (WSS 1996)
Women 75% of victims of some form intimate partner abuse
(PSS 2006)
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Domestic violence in AustraliaGender differences in:
motivationfrequencyseverity Outcomes
(Dobash, Dobash, Wilson and Daly, 1992; James ,1999)
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Consequences Fatal and non‐fatal outcomes
Death (femicide / suicide / familicide)physical injuries poor mental healthpoor reproductive health substance abusehomelessnessPovertycosts to economy > $12 billion p.a.
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CausesVarious early theories ecological theory:
complex interaction between factors:
Individual / family /community / societal
(Q’ld Govt 1988, WHO 2002, Vichealth 2007, NCRVAWC 2009)
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CausesIndividual and family factors
Woman’s ‐level of education financial autonomyprevious victimizationlevel of empowerment and social supporta history of violence in family of origin
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CausesIndividual and family factors
male partner’s –use of alcohol and drugs, employment status, Witnessing dv as a child, having suffered child abuse physical aggression towards other men
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CausesCommunity / societal factors
degree of economic inequality /dependenceextent to which the extended family / community intervenelevels of male aggression and crime access to social capital
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Implications for prevention
Prevention strategies at all levels
Individual societal
Tertiary, secondary, primary
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Prevention strategies4 crime prevention approaches
Criminal justice SituationalCommunity / socialDevelopmental
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Predominant approachesApproach Examples Level
Criminal justice Assault laws / dv laws / pro‐arrest policies / mandated perpetrator programs
Individual / societal
Situational Women’s refuges / safety planning / ouster orders
Individual
Community / social Social marketing campaigns / local community initiatives
Individual / community
Developmental Ad‐hoc school‐based initiatives
Community
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OpportunitiesApproach Examples Target level
Criminal justice Innovation to respond to diversity
Individual / community / societal
Situational Increased community surveillance / intervention
Individual /community / societal
Community / social Social marketing towards cultural / behavioural change
Individual / community / societal
Developmental Education – birth to adulthood / counselling for children exposed to dv
Individual / community /societal
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OpportunitiesTime for Action ‐ focus on
primary prevention
enhanced secondary and tertiary prevention initiatives
Systems’ co‐ordination – consistency of effort towards cultural change
Responsiveness to diversity
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Primary prevention strategiesFocus on prevention
Strengthen community leadership
Promote positive role models
Enhance women’s economic independence
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StrategiesBuild the capacity for prevention education
Ensure all children participate in RR education
Support effective parenting
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Secondary / tertiary preventionStrengthen workforce capacity
Increase access to safe accommodation
Ensure equitable access to services and justice
Ensure just civil and criminal remedies operate in parallel
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Secondary / tertiary preventionEnsure excellence in legal responses
Ensure judicial officers...others with legal system have appropriate knowledge and expertise
Change perpetrator behaviour through appropriate programs
Increase access to early intervention initiatives
Sustain behaviour change
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For all levels of preventionEnsure governments deliver what communities need
Co‐ordinate responses
Build the evidence
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Government’s initial responseThe Australian Government will (from 2009)
Fund a $42 million package for urgent priorities
Take Time for Action to COAG
Work with States/Territories to develop National Plan by 2010
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Initial $42 Million$12.5 M: National phone /on‐line crisis service
$26M: primary prevention
$9M ‐ respectful relationships education for young people
$17M – social marketing to change attitudes and behaviours
$3M: research on perpetrator programs and harmonised laws.
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Improve justice responsesWork through SCAG to:
establish scheme for national registration of DVPOs
Improve uptake of coronial recommendations
Identify most effective methods to investigate and prosecute sexual assault
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Improve justice responses
Develop multi‐disciplinary training package for lawyers, judicial officers and others in family law system
Ask ALRC to work with State and Territory LRCs to examine inter‐relationship of Federal, State and Territory Laws re safety for women and children
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Further commitments
Establish a Violence Against Women Advisory Group
Work with States and Territories to establish a National Centre of Excellence for the Prevention of Violence against Women
Consider the place of violence in the National Research Priorities
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ConclusionWe’ve made good progress
Increased awarenessGovt programs, policy, legislation to support victimsMainstream attitudes that reject violence
Still a long way to go
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Conclusion
Need to
Support marginalised and emerging communities to develop attitudes that reject violence
convert positive attitudes to active opposition / intervention
Create culture that values men and women equally , and reinforces non‐violent masculinities
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What can we do?Actively oppose attitudes and behaviours that denigrate women
Provide support for victims of violence to establish independence
Support children to develop values to support RR
Lobby relevant politicians to support COAG process on Time for Action.
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Any questions or comments?