heat treatment in food processing facilities bins and silos
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Heat Treatment in Food ProcessingHeat Treatment in Food Processing
Facilities, Bins and SilosFacilities, Bins and Silos
Raj Hulasare, Ph.D., P.Eng.TEMP-AIR, INC;
Burnsville, MN
PAPA Seminar Series
Scottish Rite Center
Sacramento CA 95819September 20, 2007
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Presentation OutlinePresentation Outline
Why Heat - Then & Now
Heat & insects Heating Systems: Pros & Cons
Heat Process
Heat Treatment
PERC Project at Purdue – Bins/Silos
Food Processing Plants
Overview of TEMP-AIR
Conclusion
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Heat TreatmentHeat Treatment – – Historical LookHistorical Look
1762, France: 69
o
C / 156o
F for 3 d, moth1860, England: 57oC / 135 oF for grain
1910, USA: heat treatment of mills
1920, USA: 30 mills use heat in OH, PA
1932, France: MB as insecticide
Used first 245 yrs ago!Used first 245 yrs ago!
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History of Heat TreatmentsHistory of Heat Treatments
1950’s: Quaker Oats using heat1983: EDB banned
1990’s: increased interest in heat
1992: MB found ozone unfriendly
1994: Dursban in Cheerios
2005: MB to be phased out
2006: MB one-year extension US, Canada
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Why Heat Treatment (HT)?Why Heat Treatment (HT)?
ConsumerPreference
HT
Pesticide-freeProducts
InsectResistance
Higher dosage,Life stages?
Eco-FriendlyTechnology
Montreal ProtocolUS Clean Air Act
Green IPM
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HeatHeat for Pest Managementfor Pest Management
•
Safe: non-chemical, people-safe
•
Effective: kills all life stages•
Eco-friendly: no ozone depletion, toxic
fumes, or corrosive effect
S
EE
Heat treat: Facilities, Bins & SilosHeat treat: Facilities, Bins & Silos
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Heat & Insect DeathHeat & Insect Death
High temperature –
•
Death by Dehydration (low RH)
Above 50 oC / 120 oF
•
Cell membranes “melt”•
Enzyme destruction
•
Change in salt balance•
Protein coagulation
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-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Temperature Effects on InsectsTemperature Effects on Insects
Source: P. Fields, AAFC, Canada
Targeted temp. spectrum120 – 140°F (50-60°C)
T e m p e r a
t u r e ( ° C )
T
e m p e r a t u r e ( ° F )
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Efficacy to Control PestsEfficacy to Control Pests
MBr – Methyl bromide
PH3 - Phosphine
SF (Profume)
CO2 – Carbon dioxide O3 - Ozone
. . . . .
EfficacyEfficacy – – function of temperaturefunction of temperature
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Heat TreatmentHeat Treatment
InsectsInsects – – lethal threshold temperatureslethal threshold temperatures
HT ProcessHT Process
High TemperatureHigh Temperature[120 -
140°F/(50 -
60°C)]
g r a
d u
a l
Low Humidity (≤
25%)(Desiccation/Dehydration)
Ambient temperature Ambient temperature
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Heat AdvantagesHeat Advantages
Safe
Effective
Eco-friendly
SEESEE
No evacuation of personnel
No Sealing (except doorways, loading docks etc.)
Spot Treatments – continued productivity in offices,
warehouse etc.
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Heat Vs MBHeat Vs MB -- Downtime Comparison (hours)Downtime Comparison (hours)
Methyl Bromide
Sealing……….....0
Set up…….…..4-6Fumigation…....24
Aeration…...12-24
TOTAL……40-54
Thermal Remediation
Set up…………..0
Heat up…….…6-8
Kill Period….…24
Cool down…....2-4
Tear down…….1-2
TOTAL….…33-40Plant evacuation mandatory
Non-treated areas remain
operational
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P r
o
c e s
s
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ForcedForced-- Air Air (Patented Process)(Patented Process)
US & Canadian Patents
Positive pressure• Good air distribution
• Hot air is pushed into corners,
cracks and crevices
Calculated and controlled
infiltration (4-6 air changes per
hour)
Lower relative humidity
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ReRe--circulating Inside Aircirculating Inside Air
Negative pressure
Poor air circulation
Uncontrolled infiltration• No air changes
Low temperature zones(cold spots)
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Construction Heat Principles:Construction Heat Principles:
MakeMake--Up vs. RecirculatingUp vs. Recirculating
Recirculating heaters promote thermal stratification and infiltration
Make-up air heaters provide uniform temperatures, pressurize thestructure, and exhaust moisture and fumes
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HT of Food Processing PlantsHT of Food Processing Plants
Food/feed processing plants
Warehouses
Bakeries
Pet foods, Baby food plants Flour mills
Dry fruits storages or warehouses
Entire structure or spot treatment
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QualityQuality -- A Simplistic View A Simplistic View
Production/Processing
Receiving Marketing/Sales
Management
QualityQC/Sanitation/EHS
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Steps in Heat TreatmentSteps in Heat Treatment
Visit & Joint Inspection (Prod, Mktg, Mgmt)Visit & Joint Inspection (Prod, Mktg, Mgmt)
•
Sprinklers, EquipmentEngineeringEngineering
•
Estimator, sizing, layout, power & fuel
MobilizationMobilization•
Equipment shipment, Install and set up
Heat TreatmentHeat Treatment
•
Joint inspection, temperature ramp-up, monitor andhold 24 hr, inspect bug activity, cool down,documentation and wrap-up report
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Uniform temperatures to avoid cold or hot pockets
Manage Airflow distribution by ducting and fan placement
Temperature Monitoring throughout heated space
Effective Heat TreatmentEffective Heat Treatment
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Wireless TemperatureWireless Temperature
Monitoring SystemMonitoring System
Real Time Monitoring to Permit Adjustment
Documentation for Quality Control
Worker Safety & Labor Savings
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Heater
Heater
Heater
Temperature transmitters
Receiver
Untreated Area(Office)
Treated Area
Real-time Wireless Temperature Monitoring
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Start of the Heat TreatmentStart of the Heat Treatment
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
9/16, 6:14 9/16, 8:38 9/16, 11:02 9/16, 13:26 9/16, 15:50 9/16, 18:14 9/16, 20:38
Tx:49 sensor in office on 5th floor
Tx: 27Tx: 28Tx: 29Tx: 30Tx: 33Tx: 34
Tx: 35Tx: 36Tx: 37Tx: 38Tx: 39Tx: 40Tx: 41Tx: 42Tx: 43Tx: 44Tx: 45
Tx: 46Tx: 47Tx: 48Tx: 49Tx: 50Tx: 51Tx: 52Tx: 53Tx: 54Tx: 55Tx: 56Tx: 57Tx: 58Tx: 59Tx: 62Tx: 64Tx: 65Tx: 66Tx: 67Tx: 68Tx: 69
Tx: 70Tx: 75Tx: 76Tx: 77Tx: 78Tx: 79Tx: 80Tx: 81Tx: 82Tx: 47Tx: 48
Tx: 49Tx: 50Tx: 51Tx: 52Tx: 53
T e m p e r a t u r e ( ° F )
Fig. 1: Real-time Temperature Profile
(27°C)
(38°C)
(49°C)
(60°C)
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Tx: 27Tx: 28Tx: 29Tx: 30Tx: 33Tx: 34
Tx: 35Tx: 36Tx: 37Tx: 38Tx: 39Tx: 40Tx: 41Tx: 42Tx: 43Tx: 44Tx: 45Tx: 46Tx: 47Tx: 48Tx: 49Tx: 50Tx: 51Tx: 52Tx: 53Tx: 54Tx: 55
Tx: 56Tx: 57Tx: 58Tx: 59Tx: 62Tx: 64Tx: 65Tx: 66Tx: 67Tx: 68Tx: 69
Tx: 70Tx: 75Tx: 76Tx: 77Tx: 78Tx: 79Tx: 80Tx: 81Tx: 82Tx: 47Tx: 48
Tx: 49Tx: 50Tx: 51Tx: 52Tx: 53
End of the Heat TreatmentEnd of the Heat Treatment
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
9/16, 20:24 9/16, 22:48 9/17, 1:12 9/17, 3:36 9/17, 6:00 9/17, 8:24 9/17, 10:48 9/17, 13:12
Tx:49 sensor in o ffice on 5th floor
T e m p e r a t u r e ( ° F )
Fig. 2: Real-time Temperature Profile
(27°C)
(38°C)
(49°C)
(60°C)
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Spread of Heat TreatmentSpread of Heat Treatment
USA
•
California, Indiana, Minnesota, Kansas,
Dakotas, Arkansas, NJ, Florida, Wisconsin. . .
…….. Canada
•
Ontario, Manitoba, Alberta, Maritime
provinces
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Heat Treatment of Bins & SilosHeat Treatment of Bins & Silos
Proactive –
PreventativePreventative
&
Reactive -
ResponseResponse
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Bins & SilosBins & Silos
Pre-loading or Pre-harvest HT
•
On-farm bins
•
Elevators storages
•
Processing facilities
•
Organic processing plants
Bin/Silo types
•
Concrete
•
Metal GI bins
Tanks
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Empty Bin SanitationEmpty Bin Sanitation
Accumulation of BGFM
under bin floors
•
Insect harborage
•
Mold spore accumulation
Difficult to clean bin floors
Available tools difficult to use or unavailable•
Insecticide sprays have to drip through floorperforations
•
Blowing DE through fan does not guaranteeuniform application
•
Chloropicrin no longer available
•
Phosphine requires applicator license
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PERC ProjectPERC Project – – Purdue UniversityPurdue University
Heat Treatment of Bins & SilosHeat Treatment of Bins & Silos
Self contained mobile unit
7.5 Hp blower motor
30 KW, 230 V, 3 phase generator 150 gal. capacity LPG tank
1.5 million BTU/hr heater output
TEMP-AIR MHT-1500:
Portable Self Contained UnitPortable Self Contained UnitMobility with Simplicity!Mobility with Simplicity!
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Heater Heater
Hopper bottom Flat bottom
HT of bins and silos
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Advantages of HT of Bins/Silos Advantages of HT of Bins/Silos
S E E
Shorter treatment times (4 to 12 hours)
Bins/Silos in facilities
•
Treated in rotation without shut-down
On farm or warehouses – no extensive sealing
or evacuation
No retrofitting – existing transition, bin-entry
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Oklahoma Co-op grain elevator
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IPM, Pest Control Co., & Heat TreatmentIPM, Pest Control Co., & Heat Treatment
IPM - An approach to pest control that
includes biological, cultural, genetic,mechanical and chemical means with least
environmental damage
Pest Control Cos.: Uniquely qualified to use
multiple strategies
Heat Treatment can be A TOOL in thearsenal of pest control methods and NOT
NECESSARILY A REPLACEMENT
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TEMPTEMP-- AIR AIR
Largest provider of
temporary heating &cooling equipment
Custom manufactures
HVAC for rental fleet
12 regional offices
serving northern US
Since 1965 & growing stronger. . .Since 1965 & growing stronger. . .
DenverDenver
MilwaukeeMilwaukee
ChicagoChicago
DetroitDetroit
ClevelandCleveland
ColumbusColumbusPhiladelphiaPhiladelphia
BostonBostonMinneapolisMinneapolis
Kansas CityKansas City
PortlandPortland
St. LouisSt. Louis
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Construction Heating EquipmentConstruction Heating Equipment
6,000+ rental units
•
Up to 4,500,000 Btu/hr •
Fleet rating 4 BCF/hr
Natural gas- and
propane-fueled heatersSteam, hot water, and
electric available
Primary market iscommercial/industrial;
residential growing
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Collaborative ResearchCollaborative Research
Kansas State University
•
Basic research –
Dr. Subi (Stored Product pests)PERC – Propane Edu. Res. Council
•
Purdue University –
Dr. Maier (bins/silos)
•
University of Minnesota -
Dr. Kells (bed bugs)
Oklahoma State University – concrete silos
GTI – Gas Technology Institute•
Soil Nematodes –
MB alternative
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ConclusionsConclusions
Heat kills all life stages of insects
Good method to locate insect problems inmill
Mills satisfied with heat treatments and have
become repeat customersViable alternative to methyl bromide
Economies of scale - will make it more
affordable
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HT Process: patented scientific process
It’s more of an Art
–
HOW
you apply it
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Virtual Tour Virtual Tour
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Acknowledgements Acknowledgements
Thanks to:•
Ms Charlotte Carson, PAPA Regional
Education Director
•
All of You for being here
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Questions?Questions?
Ph: 1-800-836-7432 -
Raj
www.thermal-remediation.com