heat, energy and phase change chemistry lowell high school 2006-2007 3/5/07 to …

Heat, Energy and Phase Change

ChemistryLowell High School 2006-2007

3/5/07 to …

Agenda

FYI’s Survey Extra Credit Acid Base Titration Lab Energy Concepts Phase Diagrams

Monday, March 5, 2007

FYI Science Survey 3/7 Wednesday

(check website)

Preambles 3/8 Thursday

Acid/Base Lab 3/8 Thursday

RLog 10/14 3/12 Monday

QP 10 (1-35 odd) 3/19 Monday

QP 14 (1-41 odd) 3/26 Monday

RLog 19 3/29 Thursday


Extra Credit (bring 1 or 2) Gloves (50) M or L Distilled Water (1 Gallon) Medicine cups (5) 1 pack Food coloring 1 box baking soda 1 25 lb bag of salt (Costco) Sponges 1 pack of balloons (12”) (20-25/pack) 1 hour of work after school for Ms. Rotter

Bring these supplies M-F of this week, they will apply to this marking period

1 10lb bag of sugar Straws (100) box of Alka-Seltzer Bottle of Borax 1 large match box


Acid Base Titration Lab Attach the peer review sheet to the

front of your team’s report and put your team name on it

Exchange your copy of the report with another team. Make sure that your team’s copies all end up at DIFFERENT tables.

Write your name on the peer review sheet and look over the criteria and form


Acid Base Titration Lab Addition to the lab:

The correct concentration of the sulfuric acid was 1.8 M

In your conclusion section add a calculation of percent error with a small discussion (put in your error discussion area)

o % error = measured - true x 100%true

Everyone will return the peer reviews tomorrow to the original teams.

The final lab will be due on Thursday


Critical point

TriplePoint

Phase Diagrams On the back, you will find data for

another substance Work with your teammates to determine

the graph and answer the questions


Agenda

FYI’s Survey Extra Credit Phase Diagrams

Tuesday, March 6, 2007





Test (Chap 15/16) 3/15 Thursday

QP 14 (1-41 odd) 3/19 Monday

QP 10 (1-35 odd) 3/26 Monday



Extra Credit (bring 1 or 2) Gloves (50) M or L Distilled Water (1 Gallon) Medicine cups (5) 1 pack Food coloring 1 10lb bag of sugar box of Alka-Seltzer Bottle of Borax 1 large match box 1 25 lb bag of salt (Costco) 1 pack of balloons (12”) (20-25/pack) 1 hour of work after school for Ms. Rotter Bring these supplies M-F of this week, they will apply

to this marking period


Critical point

TriplePoint

Phase Diagrams + Lab

Finish the front and the back of the phase diagram sheet

Turn in the sheet in the back of the classroom when you are finished.

Any extra time is for your team to review the peer review sheets and prepare your lab for Thursday


Agenda

FYI’s Extra Credit Temperature and Phase

Changes Heat worksheet Preamble 12

Wednesday, March 7, 2007






QP 14 (1-41 odd) 3/19 Monday

QP 10 (1-35 odd) 3/26 Monday



Extra Credit (bring 1 or 2) Gloves (50) M or L Distilled Water (1 Gallon) Medicine cups (5) 1 pack Food coloring 1 10lb bag of sugar box of Alka-Seltzer Bottle of Borax 1 large match box 1 25 lb bag of salt (Costco) 1 pack of balloons (12”) (20-25/pack) 1 hour of work after school for Ms. Rotter Bring these supplies M-F of this week, they will apply



Team Evaluations On a half sheet of paper, write your name

and team name and answer the following questions. 1 = Yes/Great, 5 = No/Horrible

1. How well is your team working together?2. Is everyone contributing to your team?3. How much have you contributed to your team?4. Do you want your team to stay together?

5. If you could pick one person for your team, who would it be? (no guarantees)

6. If there was one person you would *not* want to be with, who would it be?


Heating/Cooling When heating/cooling a substance,

there are two options. Temperature change in the substance Phase change in the substance

When you heat cold liquid water, the temperature rises, but it remains liquid.

But when you reach the temperature of 100 degrees C, the water starts to boil, undergoing phase change (L G)

What is the highest temperature liquid water can reach?


Phase Changes


Solid Liquid

Gas

Phase Changes During phase changes, bonds

BETWEEN molecules break. These are called intermolecular bonds

In the middle of phase change, there is no temperature change, as all energy is going either to make or break bonds

The terms used for phase changes are fusion and vaporization (melting and boiling)


Temperature Changes When the phase is NOT changing,

additional heat or loss of heat results in temperature change of the substance.

When the temperature changes, the speed of the molecules changes, which results in a change in kinetic energy

Overall, no bonds break during temperature changes in a substance


Agenda FYI’s Extra Credit Preamble 12 Turn in Labs and Heat/Phase

Change wkst Phases of Matter Heat

Thursday, March 8, 2007

FYI Preambles TODAY

Acid/Base Lab TODAY



QP 14 (1-41 odd) 3/19 Monday

QP 10 (1-35 odd) 3/26 Monday



Extra Credit (bring 1 or 2) Distilled Water (1 Gallon) Medicine cups (5) 1 pack Food coloring 1 10lb bag of sugar box of Alka-Seltzer Bottle of Borax 1 large match box 1 25 lb bag of salt (Costco) 1 pack of balloons (12”) (20-25/pack) 1 hour of work after school for Ms. Rotter Bring these supplies M-F of this week, they will apply



Preamble 12 Make sure each of your preambles has the

number and date highlighted and in order. (If not in order, indicate where out of order preambles are)

Star your best preamble and answer the following: How does the preamble showcase your

scientific thinking and reasoning skills? What were some problems you had, and

what did you learn in the course of doing that preamble?


PhasesLiquid:

intermediate intermolecular bonds medium kinetic energy fluid form/shape, fixed volume

Solid: most intermolecular bonds lowest kinetic energy Fixed form/shape and volume

Gas: least intermolecular bonds highest kinetic energy fluid form/shape and volume

Supercritical Fluid: properties of gas and liquid Pictures Video


http://www.chem.leeds.ac.uk/People/CMR/criticalpics.html

Heat The system = reaction/chamber/thing The surroundings = everything else

(often you) The system and surroundings have opposite

reactions in terms of heat

Adding heat to the system is an endothermic process (surroundings lose, feel colder)

Heat leaving the system is an exothermic process (surroundings gain, feel warmer)


Agenda

FYI’s Extra Credit Hydrogen Energy Videos

Friday, March 9, 2007

FYI



QP 14 (1-41 odd) 3/19 Monday

QP 10 (1-35 odd) 3/26 Monday



Extra Credit (bring 1 or 2) Distilled Water (1 Gallon) Medicine cups (5) 1 pack Food coloring 1 10lb bag of sugar box of Alka-Seltzer Bottle of Borax 1 large match box 1 25 lb bag of salt (Costco) 1 pack of balloons (12”) (20-25/pack) 1 hour of work after school for Ms. Rotter Bring these supplies M-F of this week, they will apply



Hydrogen Energy You will be doing a reading log on the

videos that we watch Take down information that is new to

you, surprising, or just interesting. Most of the videos are fairly short, but

packed with information. Pay close attention


Agenda

FYI’s Preamble 1 Reading Report 10/14 Enthalpy, Entropy and

Energy


FYI

RLog 10/14 TODAY


QP 14 (1-41 odd) 3/19 Monday

QP 10 (1-35 odd) 3/26 Monday



Preamble 1 (5 min) Write out the reaction discussed in the

videos that uses hydrogen to make water. Is energy produced or consumed in this reaction?

What other reactions of hydrogen were discussed in the videos?

What are some of the complications you see with the use of hydrogen energy now and in the future?

What are some possible ways that those problems can be overcome?


Reading Log Report On your whiteboard, construct a reading

report for chapter 10/14 (8 min) Include 3 bullet points and cite section #

Interconnected Interesting

Incomprehensible Clarification

Tuesday, February 20, 2007

Important

Enthalpy and EntropyH – Enthalpy – heat energy of a reaction

if constant pressure, H = q negative H = favored reaction, exothermic

positive H = not favored, endothermic

S – Entropy – measure of disorder in the system

higher S = more disorder, lower S = ordered

negative S = unfavored, positive S = favored


Energy G = H – TS (reaction at constant

temperature) Gibbs free energy – combines two driving

forces on a reaction If data is collected at standard state, a

pressure of 1 bar, the driving forces can be compared. The 1 bar is arbitrary, but allows reference between all other materials and their standard states. G° = H° – TS°

If G° = negative, reaction is favored If G° = positive, reaction is unfavored


Agenda

FYI’s Enthalpy, Entropy and

Energy Preamble 2


FYI Retakes 3/14-3/16 W-F


QP 14 (1-41 odd) 3/19 Monday

RLog Asimov (online) 3/22 Thursday

QP 10 (1-35 odd) 3/26 Monday


QP 19

STAR Test (online)


Enthalpy and EntropyH – Enthalpy – heat energy of a reaction

if constant pressure, H = q negative H = favored reaction, exothermic

positive H = not favored, endothermic

S – Entropy – measure of disorder in the system

higher S = more disorder, lower S = ordered

negative S = unfavored, positive S = favored


Energy G = H – TS (reaction at constant

temperature) Gibbs free energy – combines two driving

forces on a reaction If data is collected at standard state, a

pressure of 1 bar, the driving forces can be compared. The 1 bar is arbitrary, but allows reference between all other materials and their standard states. G° = H° – TS°

If G° = negative, reaction is favored If G° = positive, reaction is unfavored


Activation EnergyEven though a reaction is favored, it

may not proceed. This is due to activation energy

All reactions require some input of energy in order to get started, regardless of whether the reaction overall releases or absorbs energy.

A catalyst can be used to lower the activation energy of a reaction


Diagram 1


Diagram 2


Agenda

FYI’s Metal Hydrides




QP 14 (1-41 odd) 3/19 Monday


QP 10 (1-35 odd) 3/26 Monday


QP 19 (1-45 odd)

STAR Test (online) over spring break


Metal Hydrides You have sets of data for 9 metals

Properties Thermodynamic

The goal is to rank the metals in order of which should be used as a storage metal for hydrogen powered cars

Come up with criteria for what thermo data is “good” and what properties would be “good”


Metal Hydrides You need to evaluate all of the data and write

up a group report on the 9 metals. Draw an activation energy diagram for each

metal Give a detailed explanation of the factors

involved in your decision for each metal (discuss properties and thermo data)

Each person in the group should assume responsibility for at least 2 metals, and they must write that section of the report


Agenda

FYI’s Balloons Lab!



BALLOONS 3/20 Tuesday

QP 14 (1-41 odd) 3/19 Monday


QP 10 (1-35 odd) 3/26 Monday


QP 19 (1-45 odd)



Balloons Each person will take home 1 balloon and

freeze it over the weekend (2-3 days, start on Friday) until Tuesday the 20th

Groups should take 1 large balloon and the rest in small balloons

Fill the balloons approximately halfway up (compared to blown up) with water AT HOME and then place them in the freezer.

(If you are concerned about them popping, put a plastic bag around them or put them in a dish.)

On Tuesday, bring the balloons early to class to place in a cooler


BalloonsOn Tuesday, bring the balloons

early to class to place in a cooler

Also, bring flashlights and any other materials you would like to investigate the balloons with. (poke, chemically react, probe)


Lab There are several stations for this lab, some will be

done today, some on Monday Record everything you do and notice in the left

column. For each left column entry record what you think or wonder about in the right column. For each activity that you complete write a report using the writing following frame.

“What I did was ________. What I noticed was ________. I think that might have happened because _______ and what I wonder is ____.”

Fill the blanks with phrases, sentences or even paragraphs. Work carefully and safely.


Lab Stations Hot, Cool, Hot Ice Slice Friday Memory Metal Sublime Cool It Bubble Trouble Acid Metal


Agenda



FYI BALLOONS 3/21 Wednesday

QP 14 (1-41 odd) TODAY


Chap 16 Retake 3/26 Monday

QP 10 (1-35 odd) 3/26 Monday


QP 19 (1-45 odd)



Balloons

On Wednesday, bring the balloons early to class to place in a cooler



Lab Record everything you do and notice in the

left column. For each left column entry record what you think or wonder about in the right column. For each activity that you complete write a report using the writing following frame.




Lab Stations

Hot, Cool, Hot Ice Slice Friday Memory Metal Cool It Bubble Trouble Monday Acid Metal


Agenda



FYI BALLOONS 3/21 Wednesday



QP 10 (1-35 odd) 3/26 Monday


QP 19 (1-45 odd)



Balloons

On Wednesday, bring the balloons early to class to place in a cooler



Lab Record everything you do and notice in the

left column. For each left column entry record what you think or wonder about in the right column. For each activity that you complete write a report using the writing following frame.




Agenda

FYI’s Balloons


FYI BALLOONS TODAY

RLog Asimov (online) TOMORROW


QP 10 (1-35 odd) 3/26 Monday


QP 19 (1-45 odd) 4/13 Monday



Ice Balloon Investigation Your team will design and investigate a

chemistry concept centered around the ice balloon

You will be following the Formal Lab Write Up Procedure throughout

Today is a day for initial exploration and forming questions about the balloons

You will investigate properties of the Ice Balloon and reactions


Ice Balloons Write down all your observations and

actions in I saw and all questions in I thought

There are various supplies in the back of the room to experiment with on your balloon (remove the skin)

When you are done with one supply, take it back to the supply area


Supply List Food coloring Baking Soda Salt Hydrogen Peroxide Flashlights Soap Spatulas Thermometers


Vinegar Rubbing Alcohol Sugar

Vegetable Oil Scales Water, Soap, trays, room materials

Ice Balloon Questioning

Each team must come up with 25 questions in their I thought column by the end of today

Your questions should be tied to experimenting with the balloon or why you see what you see.

Number each of your good questions in your I thought column


Ice Balloon Investigation Now that you have your questions, you

need to decide what to investigate Underneath your initial I saw/I thought,

write out, for each question, whether you can design an experiment around it, or if it can be modified to form an experiment (good and bad points)

In addition, indicate whether your team wants to investigate that question


Ice Balloon Investigation Come up with 3-5 possible

experiments that you have devised out of your questions.

Sketch out the brief experiments, with procedure in I saw and the reasons why in I thought

Each team member needs this on their sheet, however turn in only one copy for the group to be evaluated


heat, energy and phase change chemistry lowell high school 2006-2007 3/5/07 to …

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