heat & cold injuries. generalized cold emergencies heat loss methods include: heat loss methods...
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Heat & Cold InjuriesHeat & Cold Injuries
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Generalized Cold Generalized Cold EmergenciesEmergencies
Heat loss methods include:Heat loss methods include:– Conduction Conduction – Convection Convection – Evaporation Evaporation – Respiration Respiration
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Cold Weather InjuryCold Weather Injury
HypothermiaHypothermia– Early stageEarly stage– Later stage Later stage
FrostbiteFrostbite– Early stageEarly stage– Later stageLater stage
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Predisposing factors of Predisposing factors of hypothermiahypothermia
Injuries Injuries Chronic illness Chronic illness Shock Shock Burns Burns Head and spinal cord injuries Head and spinal cord injuries Generalized infection Generalized infection Diabetes Diabetes Unconscious patient Unconscious patient Aged people Aged people
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S & SS & S
Shivering in early stages Shivering in early stages Reduced sensation Reduced sensation Stiff or rigid posture Stiff or rigid posture Drowsiness Drowsiness Rapid breathing and rapid pulseRapid breathing and rapid pulse Loss of motor coordination Loss of motor coordination Joint \ muscle stiffness Joint \ muscle stiffness Decreased level of consciousness Decreased level of consciousness Red skin appearance Red skin appearance
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Emergency Medical Care Emergency Medical Care
Passive rewarming Passive rewarming Active rewarming Active rewarming
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Patient Care – Alert Patient Care – Alert
Remove all wet clothing Remove all wet clothing Actively rewarm patient Actively rewarm patient Care for shock, give oxygen Care for shock, give oxygen Warm liquids slowly Warm liquids slowly Transport patient to hosp. except in Transport patient to hosp. except in
mild cases mild cases
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Patient Care – UnresponsivePatient Care – Unresponsive
Assure open airway Assure open airway High oxygen concentration High oxygen concentration Warm patient in blankets Warm patient in blankets Transport immediately Transport immediately
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Patent Care – Extreme Patent Care – Extreme HypothermiaHypothermia
Assess carotid pulse Assess carotid pulse Continue as unresponsive patient Continue as unresponsive patient
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Localized Cold InjuriesLocalized Cold Injuries
S & S include:S & S include:– Red skin dark skin Red skin dark skin
whiten whiten – Skin numbness Skin numbness
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Patient Care – Early Patient Care – Early (superficial) (superficial)
Get patient out of cold environment Get patient out of cold environment Warm affected area Warm affected area Splint & cover extremity Splint & cover extremity Do nor rub or message Do nor rub or message
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Frostbite Frostbite
S & S: Waxy, white skin gray blue S & S: Waxy, white skin gray blue swelling and blistering swelling and blistering
Rx: high O2 concentration, transport, Rx: high O2 concentration, transport, warmingwarming
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Heat InjuriesHeat Injuries
Patient with Moist, Pale, Normal to Patient with Moist, Pale, Normal to Cool Skin Cool Skin
Patient with Hot and Dry or Moist Patient with Hot and Dry or Moist Skin Skin
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Progression of Heat InjuriesProgression of Heat Injuries
Heat CrampsHeat Cramps Heat ExhaustionHeat Exhaustion Heat StrokeHeat Stroke
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Patient with Moist, Pale, Patient with Moist, Pale, Normal to Cool Skin / S & SNormal to Cool Skin / S & S
Muscle cramps (legs, abdomen) Muscle cramps (legs, abdomen) Weakness or Exhaustion Weakness or Exhaustion Dizziness or faintness Dizziness or faintness Rapid shallow breathing Rapid shallow breathing Weak pulse Weak pulse Heavy perspiration Heavy perspiration Loss of consciousness Loss of consciousness
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Patient with Moist, Pale, Patient with Moist, Pale, Normal to Cool Skin / CareNormal to Cool Skin / Care
Remove from hot environment Remove from hot environment Administer Oxygen Administer Oxygen Loosen or remove clothes Loosen or remove clothes Supine position with elevated legs (rest) Supine position with elevated legs (rest) Small sips of water (conscious) Small sips of water (conscious) Apply moist towel over cramped areas Apply moist towel over cramped areas Transport Transport
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Patient with Hot and Dry or Patient with Hot and Dry or Moist Skin / S & SMoist Skin / S & S
Rapid shallow breathing Rapid shallow breathing Full and rapid pulse Full and rapid pulse Generalized weakness Generalized weakness Little or no perspiration Little or no perspiration Altered mental state (loss of Altered mental state (loss of
consciousness) consciousness) Dilated pupils Dilated pupils Seizures present but no cramps Seizures present but no cramps
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Patient with Hot and Dry or Patient with Hot and Dry or Moist Skin / Care Moist Skin / Care
Remove patient from hot Remove patient from hot environment environment
Remove clothing Remove clothing Administer Oxygen Administer Oxygen Transport immediately Transport immediately
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Prevention of cold weather & Prevention of cold weather & heat injuriesheat injuries
Think of the acronym COLDThink of the acronym COLD C-Clean clothesC-Clean clothes O-Avoid OverheatingO-Avoid Overheating L-Loose Layers of clothingL-Loose Layers of clothing D-Keep DryD-Keep Dry
Change your socks