Heat and Heat Heat and Heat TechnologyTechnology

____ is a measure of the average ____ is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in an kinetic energy of the particles in an

object.object.

TemperatureTemperature

Because particles are in motion, they Because particles are in motion, they havehave

kinetic energy.kinetic energy.

The motion of particles in a substance The motion of particles in a substance isis

random.random.

____ is the increase in volume of a ____ is the increase in volume of a substance due to an increase in substance due to an increase in

temperature.temperature.

Thermal expansionThermal expansion

Alcohol in a thermometer rises as a Alcohol in a thermometer rises as a result ofresult of

thermal expansion.thermal expansion.

The lowest temperature on the Kelvin The lowest temperature on the Kelvin scale isscale is

absolute zero.absolute zero.

Absolute zero isAbsolute zero is

0 K.0 K.

Some bridges are constructed with Some bridges are constructed with small gaps called expansion joints small gaps called expansion joints

becausebecause

concrete segments expand on hot concrete segments expand on hot days.days.

____ is the transfer of energy between ____ is the transfer of energy between objects that are at different objects that are at different

temperatures.temperatures.

HeatHeat

The total kinetic energy of the particles The total kinetic energy of the particles that make up a substance isthat make up a substance is

thermal energy.thermal energy.

At ____, no net change in either At ____, no net change in either object’s thermal energy occurs.object’s thermal energy occurs.

thermal equilibriumthermal equilibrium

The ____ are the physical forms in The ____ are the physical forms in which a substance can exist.which a substance can exist.

states of matterstates of matter

The transfer of thermal energy from The transfer of thermal energy from one substance to another through one substance to another through

direct contact isdirect contact is

conduction.conduction.

The handle of a metal spoon warms up The handle of a metal spoon warms up when it is placed in a hot bowl of soup when it is placed in a hot bowl of soup

because ofbecause of

conduction.conduction.

Good conductors are made ofGood conductors are made of

metal.metal.

Good insulators are made ofGood insulators are made of

wood, cloth, and rubber.wood, cloth, and rubber.

The transfer of thermal energy by the The transfer of thermal energy by the movement of a liquid or a gas ismovement of a liquid or a gas is

convection.convection.

The transfer of thermal energy through The transfer of thermal energy through space isspace is

radiation.radiation.

Farmers grow vegetables in winter Farmers grow vegetables in winter using greenhouses, which receive heat using greenhouses, which receive heat

byby

radiation.radiation.

Warming up beside a campfire is an Warming up beside a campfire is an example ofexample of

radiation.radiation.

Particles of a _____ do not move fast Particles of a _____ do not move fast enough to overcome the strong enough to overcome the strong

attraction between them, so they are attraction between them, so they are held tightly together.held tightly together.

solidsolid

Particles of a _____ vibrate in place.Particles of a _____ vibrate in place.

solidsolid

Particles move slowest in aParticles move slowest in a

solid.solid.

Particles of a _____ move fast enough Particles of a _____ move fast enough to overcome some of the attraction to overcome some of the attraction

between them.between them.

liquidliquid

Particles of a _____ are able to Particles of a _____ are able to slide past one another.slide past one another.

liquidliquid

Particles of a _____ move fast enough Particles of a _____ move fast enough to overcome nearly all of the attraction to overcome nearly all of the attraction

between them.between them.

gasgas

Particles of a _____ move Particles of a _____ move independently of one another.independently of one another.

gasgas

A change of state isA change of state is

a physical change.a physical change.

A ____ affects one or more physical A ____ affects one or more physical properties of a substance without properties of a substance without changing the substance’s identity.changing the substance’s identity.

physical changephysical change

When one or more substances are When one or more substances are changed into entirely new substances changed into entirely new substances

with different properties a ____ has with different properties a ____ has occurred.occurred.

chemical change.chemical change.

____ is a substance that reduces the ____ is a substance that reduces the transfer of thermal energy.transfer of thermal energy.

InsulationInsulation