Sana Hassan Janjua

Sarah Majeed

Zahra Jabeen

Waheeda Bano

HEARING :

Hearing refers to the reception of sound by

the ear, its analysis, and its transmission to

the brain.

IMPAIRMENT:

An impairment is any loss or abnormality of

psychological, physiological or anatomical

structure or function.

TYPES OF

HEARING

IMPAIRMENT

TYPES OF HEARING IMPAIRMENT

• Conductive

• Sensorineural

hearing loss

• Mixed hearing

loss

CONDUCTIVE HEARING

IMPAIRMENT:

• A conductive loss refers to

a decrease in sound

caused by a problem in the

outer or middle ear.

Sensorineural

Hearing

Loss

SENSORINEURAL HEARING IMPAIRMENT:

• A sensorineural loss refers

to a problem located in the

inner ear or along the nerve

pathway between the inner

ear and the brain.

MIXED HEARING IMPAIRMENT:

• A mixed loss refers

to a conductive loss

and a sensorineural

loss occurring at the

same time.

AGE OF HEARING IMPAIRMENT:

Pre lingual :is the loss of

hearing before speech and

language developed

Post lingual: is loss of hearing

after spontaneous speech and

language has developed.

DEGREE

AND TYPES

OF HEARING

IMPAIRMENT

HOW HEARING IMPAIRMENT

OCCURS

Causes:Hearing impairment includes:

a) A gradual buildup of earwax.

b)Ear infection and abnormal bone growths or tumors.

c)Ruptured eardrum.

d)Damage to the inner ear.

SYMPTOMS• Muffling of speech and other

sounds.

• Difficulty understanding words,

especially against background noise

or in a crowd of people.

• Frequently asking others to speak

more slowly, clearly and loudly.

• Needing to turn up the volume of the

television or radio.

• Withdrawal from conversations.

• Avoidance of some social settings.

RISK

FACTORS IN

HEARING

LOSS

RISK FACTORS:

• Aging.

• Heredity.

• Occupational noises.

• Some medications.

• Some illness,

PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS

• Depression

• Anxiety

• An often false sense that others are

angry with you.

• Shame, guilt and anger.

• Lack of concentration.

• Worry and frustration.

• Insecurity.

• Embarrassment

• Self-criticism and low self confidence

• Adjustment problems.

PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS:

COPING AND SUPPORT:

These tips can help you to communicate

more easily despite your hearing loss.

• Position yourself to hear:

Face the person with whom you're having

a conversation.

• Turn off background noise:

For example, noise from a television may

interfere with conversation.

• Ask others to speak clearly:

Most people will be helpful if they know you're having trouble hearing them.

• Choose quiet settings: In public,

such as in a restaurant or at a

social gathering, choose a place

to talk that's away from noisy

areas.

• Consider using an assistive

listening device: Hearing

devices, such as TV-listening

systems or telephone-amplifying

devices, can help you hear better

while decreasing other noises

around you.

BENEFITS OF TREATMENT

• Greater self-confidence

• Closer relationships with loved ones

• Improved outlook on life

PREVENTION FOR HEARING

IMPAIRMENT

Protect your ears in the workplace:

• Specially designed earmuffs that resemble earphones can protect your ears by bringing most loud sounds down to an acceptable level. Foam, pre-formed, or custom-molded earplugs made of plastic or rubber also can effectively protect your ears from damaging noise.

Have your hearing tested:

. Consider regular hearing

tests if you work in a noisy

environment. Regular testing

of your ears can provide

early detection of hearing

loss. Knowing you've lost

some hearing means you're

in a position to take steps to

prevent further hearing loss.

Avoid recreational risks:• Some activities, hunting and

listening to extremely loud

music for long periods of time,

can damage your hearing.

• Wearing hearing protectors or

taking breaks from the noise

during loud recreational

activities can protect your

ears.

• Turning down the volume

when listening to music can

help you avoid damage to

your hearing.

TEST AND DIAGNOSIS

GENERAL SCREENING TEST:

• Doctor may ask to cover

one ear at a time to see

how well hear words

spoken at various

volumes and you

respond to other

sounds.

TUNING FORK :• Tuning forks are two-pronged,

metal instruments that produce

sounds when struck.

• A tuning fork evaluation may

reveal whether hearing loss

caused by damage to the

vibrating part of middle ear,

damage to sensors or nerve of

inner ear or both.

AUDIOMETRY TEST• Test conducted by an

audiologist, you wear earphones

and hear sounds directed to one

ear at a time. The audiologist

presents a range of sounds of

various tones and asks you to

indicate each time you hear the

sound.

• The audiologist will also present

various words to determine your

hearing ability,

TREATMENTS:

Treatment depends on the cause and severity of your

hearing loss.

Options include:

• Removing wax blockage.

• Hearing aids.

• Cochlear implants.

REMOVING WAX BLOCKAGE:

Cleaning the outside of the

ear by wiping with a cloth.

• Putting cerumenolytic

solutions (solutions to

dissolve wax) into the ear

canal.

• Irrigating or syringing the

ear.

• Removing the wax manually

using special instruments.

HEARING AIDS:A hearing aid is a small

electronic device that you

wear in or behind your ear.

It makes some sounds

louder. A hearing aid can

help people hear more in

both quiet and noisy

situations.

Hearing aid parts:

• Microphone: detects the

sound.

• Amplifier: make the

sound stronger.

• Battery: provides power

to the electronic parts

• Volume control:

increases or decreases

the volume of the sound.

Technologies

• Closed captioned DVD’s and videos

• TCD

• Microphone system

• Sign language interpreter

• Partner with better hearing

• Audio- visual lab with headphones

ACCOMMODATION

• Qualified sign language interpreters for public

programming,

• A staff person knowledgeable for sign language.

• Telephones

• Instant messaging

• Video calling

MANAGEMENT

• Clear signs

• Visual alert

• Equal accessibility to all programs and services.

• Paper and pencil

• Assistive listening devices

• Amplification system

• Headsets and neck loops

• Compatible hearing aids.

EDUCATIONAL OPTIONS

• Where should deaf students be taught?

• How should the deaf students be taught?

• What should the deaf students be taught?

INSTITUTIONS

• Deewa in Islamabad.

• Hamza foundation for the deaf.

• Govt school for special children Ravi road

Lahore.

• Govt school for hearing impairment Sahiwal.

How should the deaf students be taught?

CUED SPEECH

ASL

PSL

INSTRUCTIONAL STRATEGIES

• Circular seating

• Desk arrange in rows

• Repeat the questions of students

• Teamwork for assignments

• Assist the students

• Transcripts of audio information

• Avoid interruption

• Visual information

• Be Flexible

What should deaf students be taught?

• General education subject content.

(English , Math, Science, general knowledge etc)

• Special curriculum features for the deaf.

(Rhythm, auditory training, speech & language)

Teaching strategies:

• Get the attention before signing.

• Keep your hand and face toward the deaf while speaking.

• Make sure your signs and finger spelling are clearly visible.

• Adjust your signs according to the level of the deaf.

• Use of flash cards

• Charts

• Dioramas & models

FLASH CARDS

MODELS

DIORAMAS