Healthy Eating, Activity, & Rest Together (HEART) Matters

March 23, 2016

Larrell L. Wilkinson, PhD, MSPH, CHESAssistant Professor, Community Health & Human Services

Department of Human StudiesUniversity of Alabama at Birmingham

NIH U54MD008620

Research Team

• Larrell Wilkinson, PhD, MSPH, CHES– Community Health, Human Services, Health Behavior

• Eric Plaisance, PhD– Exercise Physiology

• Monica Baskin, PhD (Mentor)– Cancer, Physical Activity, Health Behavior

• Gary Hunter, PhD (Mentor)– Exercise Physiology

• Brandon Beamon, MS– Doctoral Student (Health Education/Promotion)

• Ashley Conoway, MS– Doctoral Student (Health Education/Promotion)

• Community Health & Human Services– 3 – 4 Interns per semester

AIMS

• 1. Characterize knowledge, practices, and attitudes regarding

physical activity, sleep, and diet among overweight/obese African

American (AA) men, ages 24 – 64, living in a metropolitan area in

the southeastern United States.

• 2. Determine the efficacy of a health coaching intervention as an

approach to reduce metabolic and CVD risk factors among

overweight/obese AA men, ages 24 – 64, living in a metropolitan

area in the southeastern United States.

Health Promoting Behaviors among

AA Men

• Rise of obesity greatest among AA men between 1988 – 2010, roughly 21% to 39% (May et al., 2013)

• Only 45% of AA men in Deep South performed > 150 of leisure time physical activity (Wilkinson, unpublished)

• AA men reported lowest scores on the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) in the HANDLS study (Beydoun et al., 2009)

• Reduced sleep duration may impact CVD outcomes among AAs, possibly intensifying CVD disparities between AAs and European Americans (EAs) (Brimah et al., 2013; Kingsbury et al., 2013)

• Health coaching may be a great modality to improve performance of health promoting behaviors

Purpose of Health Coaching

Logistics, In Progress

• IRB Approval in December 2014

• Account funding | late January 2015

• Brandon Beamon, MS (Exercise Science) | February 2015

• Ashley Conoway, MS (Biological Sciences) | August 2015

• Securing community collaborators | Ongoing

– 4 Faith Based Organizations

– 3 School Systems

– University Setting

– 3 Community Based Organizations

– 4 businesses

• HEART Matters has been presented to over 300 men

• Currently 68 men have been enrolled in HEART Matters

Materials/Methods

Pre-Post Testing

Doer vs. Non-Doer Analysis | n = 32

• Survey employs Theory of Planned Behavior & Health Belief Model

• Average # of days per week with 30+ of exercise = 3.34

• Average # of days per week with 3 – 5 F/V intake = 3.97

• Average # of nights per week with 7 – 9 hours of sleep = 3.29

• Mean score for importance of each health promoting behavior

• Likert scale 1 = A Great Deal, 3 = A Fair Amount, 5 = Not at all

• I think getting regular physical activity helps a person’s health… (1.19)

• I think eating a balanced diet helps a person’s health… (1.19)

• I think getting the right amount of sleep helps a person’s health… (1.42)

• Doer vs. Non-Doer Analysis will investigate key differences in factors among participants meeting health promotion standards against participants not meeting standards.

References

o Go AS, Mozaffarian D, Roger VL, Benjamin EJ, Berry JD, Borden WB, Bravata DM, Dai S, Ford ES, Fox CS, Franco S, Fullerton HJ, Gillespie C, Hailpern SM, Heit JA, Howard VJ, Huffman MD, Kissela BM, Kittner SJ, Lackland DT, Lichtman JH, Lisabeth LD, Magid D, Marcus GM, Marelli A, Matchar DB, McGuire DK, Mohler ER, Moy CS, Mussolino ME, Nichol G, Paynter NP, Schreiner PJ, Sorlie PD, Stein J, Turan TN, Virani SS, Wong ND, Woo D, Turner MB; on behalf of the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Heart disease and stroke statistics—2013 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2013; 127:e6-e245.

o Brimah, P., et al., Sleep duration and reported functional capacity among black and white US adults. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, 2013. 9(6): p. 605-609.

o May, A., Freedman, D., Sherry, B., & Blanck, H. (2013). Obesity — United States, 1999–2010. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 60(3), 120-128.

o Beydoun, M., Kuczmarski, M., Mason, M., Ling, S., Evans, M., & Zonderman, A. (2009). Role of depressive symptoms in explaining socioeconomic status disparities in dietary quality and central adiposity among US adults: a structural equation modeling approach. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 90(4), 1084–1095. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.2009.27782

o Brimah, P., Oulds, F., Olafiranye, O., Ceide, M., Dillon, S., Awoniyi, O., . . . Jean-Louis, G. (2013). Sleep duration and reported functional capacity among black and white US adults. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, 9(6), 605-609. doi: 10.5664/jcsm.2762

o Kingsbury, J., Buxton, O., & Emmons, K. (2013). Sleep and its Relationship to Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Cardiovascular Disease. Current Cardiovascular Risk Reports, 7(5). doi: 10.1007/s12170-013-0330-0

o Bennett, H., et al., Health Coaching for Patients. Family Practice Management, 2010. September/October: p. 24-29.

o Janz, Nancy K.; Marshall H. Becker (1984). "The Health Belief Model: A Decade Later". Health Education Behavior 11 (1): 1–47. doi:10.1177/109019818401100101

o Ajzen, I. (1985). From intentions to actions: A theory of planned behavior. In J. Kuhl & J. Beckmann (Eds.), Action control: From cognition to behavior. Berlin, Heidelber, New York: Springer-Verlag. (pp. 11-39).