health system in kurdistan & iraq

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• Introduction- Levels of Health Care

• Iraq Health System: Historical Background

• Now Health situation in Kurdistan & Iraq

• Some changes or Modifications on Health system

• Community Health Nursing?

Levels of Health Care

system with primary health care as the basis. And the patient gradually will refer to hospital according to his or her medical situation.

After 12 years in primary and secondary school

6 years in medical college

2 years as JHO

1 year in villages as GP

2 years as SHO

4 or 5 years as Board students

2 years Specialist Registrar

Specialist Senior

After 9 years in primary and elementary school

3 years in secondary

Nursery school


school

2 years in nursery Institute

4 years in college of nursery

To be a Doctor orNurse in Iraq

Iraq Health System: Historical Background

• A formal health care system in Iraq began with British occupation following the end of the First World War in 1918.

• In 1921 the first Directorate of Public health Services was formed which was upgraded to become a Ministry of Health in September of the same year.

• In 1978,Primary Health Care system & Department of Preventive Medicine were declared.

• In 1981, a Public Health Law was enacted. It stated that health is a right for each citizen and the responsibility of the state to provide all means to promote health prevent and treat diseases.

• Referral systems, communications, and training to integrate health centers into a primary care strategy were planned for in the early 1980s

• During the 1970s and 1980s, Iraqi health care and medical education were said to be the best in the region

• After Saddam Hussein came to power, funds were diverted from the health sector. The 1980–88 Iran–Iraq War killed perhaps half a million people on both sides, and further diverted resources and medical staff from civilian facilities.

• In 1991, Iraq invaded Kuwait, triggering the first Gulf War. The sanctions that followed had a major effect and serious damage on Iraq’s health system and the health status of Iraq.

• At the time of the 2003 , the health system was weak, with non-functioning equipment, inadequate drug supplies, and fragile infrastructure.

• The destruction and looting of health facilities that followed the invasion resulted in heavy loss of equipment and pharmaceutical stocks. Quality of care continued to deteriorate and shortages were widespread.

• In 2012, millions people in Iraq were in need of assistance; and millions people are internally displaced. Both refugees and internally displaced individuals have unsatisfactory access to health services .

• violence and political instability are continuous till now in most part of Iraq which resulted in distraction of health system .

Now ????

• Iraq's health system is still struggling to recover from years of war, sanctions, loss of health workers, looting, and political interference.

• Health facilities and the health workforce are inequitably distributed to meet the country’s health needs.

• Many skilled health workers have moved to other countries, and young graduates continue to leave.

• system with primary health care as the basis. Yet the health-care system continues to be centralised and focused on hospitals.

• Health-care financing and the role of private health care are looming issues for the health sector, which are now only tentatively being addressed.

Health situation in Duhok 2016

Population

Indicator 2013 2016

Total inhabitants 1,298,944 2,345,903

Host community 1,336,944 1,467,196

Refuges & IDPs 212,000 878,705

Number of IDP camps 0 23

Number of Refuges camps 0 4

Burdens on health services in Duhok governorate

Indicator 2013 2016

Monthly average patients admission 1,976 3,887

Monthly average patients visit to outpatient department 7,556 20,284

Monthly average total surgery 537 1,326

Monthly average patients at emergency department 4,586 16,566

Health situation in Duhok 2016


system with primary health care as the basis. Yet the health-care system continues to be centralized and focused on hospitals.

After 12 years in primary and secondary school

6 years in medical college

2 years as JHO

1 year in villages as GP

2 years as SHO

4 or 5 years as Board students

2 years Specialist Registrar

Specialist Senior



Nursery school


school



Who will treat patients in Private

sectors

Life of Doctors among different sectors ???

doctor as specialist in public hospital doctor as specialist in private clinic

doctor as lecturer in college

Even Medias & Social media ??

Medical staff People Victims ??

We have to do some changes or Modifications


system with primary health care as the basis.

Primary Health Care (PHC)• Primary Health Care (PHC) is essential health care

based on practical, scientifically sound, and socially acceptable methods and technologies made universally accessible to individuals and families in the community through their full participation in the spirit of self-reliance and self-determination.

Secondary and Tertiary health care

• Multidisciplinary teams need for secondary and Tertiary health care

• Effective discharge planning & good follow up.

• Good co-ordination with PHC and other health sectors.

Life of Doctors among different sectors ???

doctor as specialist in public hospital doctor as specialist in private clinic

doctor as lecturer in college

Regulation of the doctor jobs and life ?

Separation of the Public, Education and

Private Sectors



Nursery school


school



Nurses treat patients in Private

sectors

At the level of Nurses ?

To increase capability of individuals, families, and groups and community to deal with their own health and nursing

problems.

To control and counteract

environment.

To strengthen community resources

To prevent and control communicable and non-communicable diseases .

To conduct research

Nurses Private clinic to Office

At the level of Nurses ? Plan ?

To provide specialized services for mothers, children, adults, workers, elderly handicapped and eligible couples etc.

To supervise, guide and help health personnel in carrying out their functions effectively

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2

3

4

5

6

7

Important Step??

• Deal with the patients away from hospital ??

• We need some persons at home? school? Telephone ? Office?

• Community Health Nursing? “The utilization of the nursing process in the different levels of clientele-individuals, families, populationgroups and communities, concerned with the promotion of health, prevention of disease and disability and rehabilitation.”

THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION

health system in kurdistan & iraq

Healthcare