health sciences 1101 medical terminology module 7 the urinary system
TRANSCRIPT
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Health Sciences 1101
Medical Terminology
Module 7The Urinary System
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Anatomy and Physiology of the Urinary System
Principle Functions:
Remove waste products from the blood and excrete them in the urine
Regulate the body’s tissue fluid
Maintain a balance of electrolytes (sodium, potassium, calcium)
Maintain an acid-base balance in the blood
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Anatomy and Physiology of the Urinary System
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Anatomy and Physiology of the Urinary System
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Anatomy and Physiology of the Urinary System
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Anatomy and Physiology of the Urinary System
Excellent UA Video
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General Urinary System Terms
Nephr/o or Ren/o: Pertaining to the kidney
Ur/o or urin/o: Pertaining to urine or the urinary tract
Urology: Study of the urinary system
Urologist: Expert in the study of the urinary system as well as some reproductive issues
Nephrology: Study of the kidneys
Nephrologist: Expert in the study of the kidneys and kidney disease.
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Urinary System Anatomy Terms
Cyst/o or vesic/o: Bladder
Glomerul/o: Glomerulus
Pyel/o: Renal Pelvis
Ureter/o: Ureter
Urethr/o: Urethra
Aden/o: gland
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Other Important Urinary System Terms
Meat/o: opening or tunnel through a body part
-uria: In the urine or pertaining to the urine
-ptsosis: prolapse, or downward placement of
-pexy: To fix in place, fixation
Lith or calculus: stone
Diurese: Increase the rate of urination
Supra: Above
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Other Important Urinary System Terms
Olig/o: Decreased or diminished
Poly: Increased or multiple
Micturition: Urination, or voiding urine
Malignant: cancerous
Benign: Non-cancerous
Inflammation: pathologic response that includes, pain, heat, swelling and redness.
Retro-: to go back, backward
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Urinary System Pathology
Infections and inflammation of the various parts of the urinary tract. (remember the terms –itis, -cele, -pathy, -oma, algia, etc.)
Upper urinary tract: Kidneys and ureters
Lower urinary tract: Bladder and urethra
Incontinence: Uncontrolled loss of urine from the bladder
Enuresis: Sometimes called bedwetting. Inability to control urination after the age where such control is usually gained.
Nocturia: Excessive voiding or urine at night
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Urinary System Pathology
Hypospadias: An abnormal opening of the male urethra on the undersurface of the penis. Typically congenital.
Azoturia: An abnormal increase in nitrogenous compounds in the urine.
Uremia: Elevated level of urea or other protein waste products in the blood.
Wilms tumor: Rapidly developing tumor most often seen in children.
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Urinary System Pathology
Interstitial nephritis: inflammation and/or damage to the tubules due to a toxic agent or lack of blood flow
Glomerulonephritis: Disruption of normal glomerular filtration. Often a hypersensitive reaction.
Renal failure: The kidneys can no longer adequately filter the blood.
Acute renal failure: Can result from lack of blood flow to the kidneys
Renal hypertension: High blood pressure that results from kidney disease
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Diagnosis and Treatment Urinalysis (UA): Physical, chemical and
microscopic examination of urine.
Blood Urea Nitrogen: Laboratory test that measures the amount of urea excreted by the kidneys into the blood
Kidney-ureter-bladder (KUB): Radiographic technique used to determine the location, size, shape and any malformation of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder
Intravenous pyelogram: Radiographic procedure in which a contrast medium is injected intravenously and serialx-ray films are taken to provide visualization of the entire urinary tract.
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Diagnosis and Treatment Renal scan: Technique that determines
renal function and shape through measurement of a radioactive substance that is injected intravenously and concentrates in the kidney.
Voiding cystourography: Radiography of the bladder and urethra during the process of voiding urine after the introduction of a contrast medium.
Retrograde pyelography: Radiographic procedure in which a contrast medium is introduced through a cystoscope directlyinto the bladder and ureters, using small-caliber catheters.
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Diagnosis and Treatment
Catheterization: Insertion of a hollow flexible tube into a body cavity or organ to instill a substance or remove fluid.
Dialysis: The patient’s blood is cleansed by circulation through a dialysis machine which acts as an artificial kidney
Renal transplant: Surgical transfer of a complete kidney from a donor to a recipient.