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Climate change and health call to action – revised July 2018 Climate Change and Health Health Professionals Joint Call for Action Health professional groups recognise human-caused climate change as an increasingly serious and urgent threat to health and health equity in New Zealand and worldwide. In contrast, rapid and effective action on climate change represents an important opportunity to improve health, by avoiding negative health impacts and by realising significant health and equity co-benefits from well-designed climate policies. We note that globally: • Climate change is already contributing to global disease, disability and premature death – most seriously affecting people in poor countries, and the poorest within all countries. We note that health threats for New Zealand include: • Direct impacts – e.g. from high temperatures and other extreme weather events such as storms, floods and droughts, causing illness and injuries. • Biologically-mediated impacts – e.g. changing patterns of infectious disease, global rises in food prices impacting on New Zealanders’ nutrition. • Socially-mediated impacts – e.g. loss of livelihoods, forced migration, economic vulnerability and increased risks of conflict. We note opportunities for health through climate action, including: • More walking, cycling and public transport reduces greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, increases physical activity, and can reduce health-damaging air pollution and road traffic injuries. • Healthy food production and diets that include more plants and fewer animal products could reduce agricultural GHG emissions, while improving freshwater quality, and reducing cancer and heart disease. • Improving housing (e.g. insulation) reduces illnesses associated with cold, damp home environments, and also cuts GHG emissions from home heating. These health co-benefits could reduce the burden of ill-health from the leading causes of death and illness in New Zealand, such as cardiovascular disease, cancers, obesity and diabetes, with large cost savings to the health sector. These direct benefits, along with indirect benefits from increased productivity of a healthier population, would help offset the early costs of addressing climate change.

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Page 1: Health Professionals Joint Call for Action

Climatechangeandhealthcalltoaction–revisedJuly2018

ClimateChangeandHealthHealthProfessionalsJointCallforAction

Healthprofessionalgroupsrecognisehuman-causedclimatechangeasanincreasinglyseriousandurgentthreattohealthandhealthequityinNewZealandandworldwide.Incontrast,rapidandeffectiveactiononclimatechangerepresentsanimportantopportunitytoimprovehealth,byavoidingnegativehealthimpactsandbyrealisingsignificanthealthandequityco-benefitsfromwell-designedclimatepolicies.

Wenotethatglobally:

• Climatechangeisalreadycontributingtoglobaldisease,disabilityandprematuredeath–mostseriouslyaffectingpeopleinpoorcountries,andthepoorestwithinallcountries.

WenotethathealththreatsforNewZealandinclude:

• Directimpacts–e.g.fromhightemperaturesandotherextremeweathereventssuchasstorms,floodsanddroughts,causingillnessandinjuries.

• Biologically-mediatedimpacts–e.g.changingpatternsofinfectiousdisease,globalrisesinfoodpricesimpactingonNewZealanders’nutrition.

• Socially-mediatedimpacts–e.g.lossoflivelihoods,forcedmigration,economicvulnerabilityandincreasedrisksofconflict.

Wenoteopportunitiesforhealththroughclimateaction,including:

• Morewalking,cyclingandpublictransportreducesgreenhousegas(GHG)emissions,increasesphysicalactivity,andcanreducehealth-damagingairpollutionandroadtrafficinjuries.

• HealthyfoodproductionanddietsthatincludemoreplantsandfeweranimalproductscouldreduceagriculturalGHGemissions,whileimprovingfreshwaterquality,andreducingcancerandheartdisease.

• Improvinghousing(e.g.insulation)reducesillnessesassociatedwithcold,damphomeenvironments,andalsocutsGHGemissionsfromhomeheating.

Thesehealthco-benefitscouldreducetheburdenofill-healthfromtheleadingcausesofdeathandillnessinNewZealand,suchascardiovasculardisease,cancers,obesityanddiabetes,withlargecostsavingstothehealthsector.Thesedirectbenefits,alongwithindirectbenefitsfromincreasedproductivityofahealthierpopulation,wouldhelpoffsettheearlycostsofaddressingclimatechange.

Page 2: Health Professionals Joint Call for Action

Climatechangeandhealthcalltoaction–revisedJuly2018

Werecognisethat:

• Levelsofhealthriskposedbyclimatechangevaryaccordingtoage,ethnicity,geographiclocation,andsocioeconomicstatus.

• ThoseathighesthealthriskfromclimatechangeinNewZealandincludeMāori,Pacificpeoples,children,elderlyandlowincomepeople.

• Measurestoaddressclimatechangehavethepotentialtowidenorreduceexistinghealthinequities,dependingondesignandimplementation.

• Nocountrycansolveclimatechangesinglehandedly.Withouttakingrapidandsufficientactionitself,NewZealandcannoteffectivelypressforglobalemissionsreductions.

Ourvisionis:

• Ajusttransitiontohealthypeoplelivinginahealthyclimate.

Ashealthprofessionalorganisationswecallfor:

• Arapid,whole-of-society,transitiontoanet-zeroGHG-emittingnation,whichisbasedinTeTiritioWaitangianddesignedtomakethemostofopportunitiesforhealthandcreatingafairersociety.

• Anationalemissionsreductiontargetofnetzerogreenhousegasemissionsby2040.Differentgaseshavedifferentrolesinthistarget,consistentwithIPCCevidenceabouttheroleoflong-andshort-livedgasesintheatmosphereandoceanandinachievingsubstantialreductionsinthecrucialnextdecade.

• Thistargetneedstobeaccompaniedbyrobustinterimtargetsandemissionsbudgetsthatfairlysharetheglobalemissionsbudget,withtransparent,responsivemonitoringofprogress.

• Healthsectorplanningtoprepareforthelocked-inhealthimpactsofclimatechange,andrapidlyadaptingtoanet-zeroemissionsfuture.

• Measuresthatprioritiseandprotectgroupslikelytobeworstaffected-Māori,Pacificpeoples,children,elderly,andlowincomepeople.

• GHGemissionstobeakeyperformanceindicatorforhealthsectororganisations.

• Health(includingequity)ImpactAssessment(HIA)toberoutinelyundertakentoinformkeyclimate-relevantpolicies.

• NewZealandtodemonstrateleadershipinpromotingeffectiveandfairglobalactiontoreduceGHGemissions.

• NewZealandtodemonstrateleadershipinprotectinghealthfromclimatechangeintheclimate-vulnerablePacificregion.

Page 3: Health Professionals Joint Call for Action

Climatechangeandhealthcalltoaction–revisedJuly2018

Thiscallforactionissupportedby:

RoyalAustralasianCollegeofSurgeonsProfessorPaulBrunton,Pro-Vice-Chancellor,DivisionofHealthSciences,UniversityofOtago

Page 4: Health Professionals Joint Call for Action

Climatechangeandhealthcalltoaction–revisedJuly2018

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Howden-ChapmanP,ChapmanR,HalesS,BrittonE,WilsonN.ClimateChangeandHumanHealth:ImpactandAdaptationIssuesforNewZealand.In:NottageRAC,WrattDS,BornmanJF,JonesK(eds).ClimateChangeAdaptationinNewZealand:FutureScenariosandSomeSectoralPerspectives.Wellington:NewZealandClimateChangeCentre,2010.http://www.nzclimatechangecentre.org/sites/nzclimatechangecentre.org/files/images/research/Climate%20Change%20Adaptation%20in%20New%20Zealand%20(NZCCC)%20high%208.pdf

Howden-ChapmanP,MathesonA,ViggersHetal.Retrofittinghouseswithinsulationtoreducehealthinequalities:resultsofaclustered,randomisedtrialinacommunitysetting.BMJ.2007;334:460-464.http://www.bmj.com/content/334/7591/460

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MacmillanA,ConnorJ,WittenK,KearnsR,ReesD.Thesocietalcostsandbenefitsofcommuterbicycling:simulatingtheeffectsofspecificpoliciesusingsystemdynamicsmodeling.EnvironHealthPerspect.2014;122:335–344.http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/1307250/

McCoyD,MontgomeryH,SabaratnamA,GodleeF.Climatechangeandhumansurvival.BMJ.2014;348:g2351.http://www.bmj.com/content/348/bmj.g2351

McMichaelAJ,Campbell-LendrumC,KovatsS,EdwardsS,WilkinsonPetal.GlobalClimateChange.In:EzzatiM,LopezAD,RodgersA,MurrayCJ(eds).Comparativequantificationofhealthrisks:globalandregionalburdenofdiseaseduetoselectedmajorriskfactors.Geneva:WorldHealthOrganization,2004.http://www.who.int/publications/cra/chapters/volume2/1543-1650.pdf?ua=1

MetcalfeS,WoodwardA,MacmillanA,BakerM,Howden-ChapmanP,etal,NewZealandClimateandHealth.WhyNewZealandmustrapidlyhalveitsgreenhousegasemissions.NZMedJ.2009;122:72-95.http://www.nzma.org.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0010/17785/Vol-122-No-1304-09-October-2009.pdf

PhippsR,RandersonR,BlashkiG.TheclimatechangechallengeforgeneralpracticeinNewZealand.NZMedJ.2011;124:47-54.http://www.nzma.org.nz/journal/read-the-journal/all-issues/2010-2019/2011/vol-124-no-1333/view-phipps

SmithKR,WoodwardA,Campbell-LendrumD,ChadeeD,HondaY,etal.HumanHealth:Impacts,Adaptation,andCo-benefits.In:ClimateChange2014:Impacts,AdaptationandVulnerability.ContributionofWorkingGroupIItotheFifthAssessmentReportoftheIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange[FieldCB,BarrosVR,MastrandreaMD,MachKJ,etal.(eds.)].CambridgeUniversityPress,Cambridge,UKandNewYork,NY,USA,2014.http://ipcc-wg2.gov/AR5/images/uploads/WGIIAR5-Chap11_FGDall.pdf

Page 5: Health Professionals Joint Call for Action

Climatechangeandhealthcalltoaction–revisedJuly2018

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WilsonN,NghiemN,NiMhurchuC,EylesH,BakerMG,BlakelyT.Foodsanddietarypatternsthatarehealthy,low-cost,andenvironmentallysustainable:acasestudyofoptimizationmodelingforNewZealand.PLoSONE.2013;8:e59648.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0059648.http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0059648

WoodwardA,SmithKR,Campbell-LendrumD,ChadeeDD,HondaY,etal.Climatechangeandhealth:onthelatestIPCCreport.Lancet.2014;383:1185-9.http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60576-6/fulltext

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