Health problems and health needs assessment for tailors in Yemetu area of Ibadan, Nigeria

, MOTUNRAYO A. FAGBOLA¹, VICTORIA O. OLADOYIN¹ OLUWAKEMI A. SIGBEKU¹, CHINDINMA G. OGBUAGWU¹, GBEMI M. LEIGH¹, MARY O. BALOGUN,¹� ² FOLASHADE O. OMOKHODION¹� ² 1 DEPARTMENT OF COMMUNITY MEDICINE, UNIVERSITY COLLEGE HOSPITAL, IBADAN, NIGERIA, 2

DEPARTMENT OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE AND PRIMARY CARE, COLLEGE OF MEDICINE, UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN, IBADAN, NIGERIA

OUTLINE

Background Objectives Methodology Results Conclusion Recommendations Bibliography

BACKGROUND

Tailors are small scale workers in the informal sector.

They form part of the artisans group and carry out their work manually making use of sewing machines, scissors, blades needles and thread etc.

They work in poor and unhealthy environments and lack access to occupational health services.

BACKGROUND

Few publications have focused on the hazards of workers in small scale enterprises as well as the health problems reported by these workers.

There is little information about the health needs of tailors and consequently little baseline data to develop an occupational health programme for them.

OBJECTIVES

To determine the work related hazards among tailors.

To determine the work related accidents and injuries among tailors.

To determine the factors associated with the work related hazards, accidents and injuries among tailors.

METHODOLOGY

Study area – Ibadan North Local Government Area (LGA), Ibadan

Study design – Community-based cross sectional study

Study population Tailors in Ward 3 of Ibadan North LGA

Inclusion criteriaInformed consent

METHODOLOGY

Sampling techniqueCluster sampling technique was used.

Data collection – quantitative method Instruments

Semi-structured interviewer administered questionnaire.

METHODOLOGY

Analysis Descriptive statistics Chi-square test set at 5% level of

significance.Ethical approval

Oyo State Ministry of Health Ethical Review Committee

Permission from the tailors

RESULTS

186 respondents were surveyedMean age was 27.5 ± 10.3 years

Socio-demographic characteristics(N=186)Variables Frequency Percentage

(%)

Sex Male Female

61125

32.8067.20

Marital status Single Co-habiting Married

951

90

51.10.5

48.4

Educational attainment Below secondary education Secondary education and above

35151

18.8081.20

Job description Apprentice Qualified tailor

9096

48.4051.60

Time spent at work daily

Time spent at work daily0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

5.4

94.6

8 hours and below More than 8 hours

Daily duration of sitting and standing continuously at work Mean number of hours of sitting

continuously at work was 4.1 ± 2.1 hours (range = 0.5 – 14 hours)

Mean number of hours of standing continuously at work was 2.6 ± 1.7 hours (range = 0.5 – 11 hours)

Positioning at work

Bendinig

Twisting

Heavy lifting

Hand raising

Squatting

Pedalling

10 30 50 70 90 110

Bendinig Twisting Heavy lifting Hand raising Squatting Pedalling

Never 10.9 96.2 66.3 82.6 80.7 0

Occasionally 55.2 4.4 22.3 6.5 18.2 2.2

Always 33.9 0.5 11.4 10.9 1.1 97.8

Always Occasionally Never

Work related hazards

Physical

Chemical

Mechanical

Biological

Psycho-social

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

19.9

66.1

1.6

9.1

9.7

80.1

33.9

98.4

90.9

90.3

Exposed Not exposed

Physical Hazards

Physical Hazards0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90 85.4

2.1

52.1

3.50.7

Noise Excessive Light Vibration Excessive heat Excessive cold

Chemical Hazards

Chemical hazards0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80 75.9 74.1

1.85.2

Dust Fumes Liquid chemicals Solid/semi-solid chemicals

Mechanical Hazards

Mechanical hazards0

20

40

60

80

100

120

96.7

57.2

92.3

19.7

Sharp edged macchines Moving parts Sharp metals Heavy load lifting

Biological Hazrds

Biological hazards0

20

40

60

80

100

120

100

0.6 0.6 1.8

Insect bites Animal bites Contaminated food Contaminated water

Psycho-social Hazards

Psycho-social hazard0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

3.7 2.5 3.7

54.9

61.4

74

6.3

working with people who are under the influence of alcoholworking with people under the in-fluence of other drugsSmokingWorking long hoursirregular incomeLow incomeHarrasment by government agencies

Work-related accidents and injuries

Accident

Injury

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

83.3

76.3

16.7

16.7

Not exposed Exposed

Work-related accidents

Work-related accidents0

20

40

60

80

100

120

1.9 0.6 3.2 2.6 1.9

95.5

1.9

Falls Ingestion of Chemicals Electric shockTrauma from falling objects Trauma from moving objects Needle pricksFire

Work-related injury

Work-related injury0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

7.7

1.4

73.9

1.4

37.3

Burns/Scald Fractures/Dislocation Cuts/LacerationCrush injury Bruises

Health and disability issues affecting tailors

Top reported health and disability issues0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

63.366.7

43.5

Low back pain Muscular/Joint pain Needle/Pin prick

Current health problems

Reported current health problems14.4

14.6

14.8

15

15.2

15.4

15.6

15.8

16

16.2 16.1

15.6

15.1

Malaria Muscular/Joint pain Low back pain

Relationship between work related accident in the past 12 months and age, sex and level of education of respondentsVariables Accident in the past

12 monthsP-value

Not Exposed

Exposed

Age ≤ 30years > 30 years

19 (14.7)12 (21.1)

110 (85.3)45 (78.9) 0.195

Sex Male Female

9 (14.8)22 (17.6)

52 (85.5)103 (82.4) 0.396

Educational attainment Below secondary education Secondary education and above

8 (22.9)23 (15.2)

27 (77.1)128 (84.8) 0.198

Relationship between work related accident in the past 12 months and job grade and daily duration at work of respondents

Variables Accident in the past 12 months

P-value

Not Exposed Exposed

Job description Apprentice Qualified tailor

10 (11.1)21 (21.9)

80 (88.9)75 (78.1) 0.037

Daily duration at work ≤ 8 hours > 8 hours

3 (30.0)28 (15.9)

7 (70.0)148 (84.1) 0.221

Relationship between work related injury in the past 12 months and age, sex and level of education of respondentsVariables Injury in the past 12

monthsP-value

Not Exposed

Exposed

Age ≤ 30years > 30 years

29 (22.5)15 (26.3)

100 (77.5)42 (73.7) 0.348

Sex Male Female

19 (31.1)25 (20.0)

42 (68.9)100 (80.0) 0.065

Educational attainment Below secondary education Secondary education and above

12 (34.3)32 (21.2)

23 (65.7)119 (78.8) 0.080

Relationship between work related injury in the past 12 months and job grade and daily duration at work of respondents

Variables Injury in the past 12 months P-value

Not Exposed Exposed

Job description Apprentice Qualified tailor

15 (16.7)29 (30.2)

75 (83.3)67 (69.8) 0.022

Daily duration at work ≤ 8 hours > 8 hours

4 (40.0)40 (22.7)

6 (60.0)136 (77.3) 0.188

CONCLUSION

Tailors are exposed to work place hazards, accidents and injuries.

Being an apprentice is associated with the accidents and injuries they are exposed to.

RECOMMENDATION

There is the need for training, apprentices in particular, on the awareness of workplace hazards and accident/injury prevention.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

El Batawi M. health hazards in small scale industries- the forgotten masses. World health 1974; July-August 4-8

Forastier V. improvement of working conditions in the informal sector through safety and health measures. Occupational health specialist. 1997 138-143

Edusah S.E the informal sector, micro enterprises and small scale industries, the conceptual quandary journal of economics and sustainable development 2013 4 (20) 177-186

Ubogu A.E. Laarj, G. Udemezue, C.E Bako A.R determinants of the locational decisions of informal sectoer entrepreneurs in urban zaria. Journal of Geography and Geology 2011; 3 () : 215-226.

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