health indicators for mothers and babies in los angeles...
TRANSCRIPT
Hea
lth
Indi
cato
rs fo
r Mot
hers
and
Bab
ies
in L
os A
ngel
es C
ount
y, 2
016
Mat
erna
l, C
hild
& A
dole
scen
t H
ealt
h D
ivis
ion
Rese
arch
Eva
luat
ion
and
Plan
ning
Uni
tJU
LY 2
018
A P
UBL
ICAT
ION
OF
THE
LOS
AN
GEL
ES C
OU
NTY
DEP
ART
MEN
T O
F PU
BLIC
HEA
LTH
TAB
LE O
F CO
NTE
NTS
2
Hea
lth
Indi
cato
rs fo
r Mot
hers
and
Bab
ies
in
Los
Ang
eles
Cou
nty,
201
6
Sele
cted
Dem
ogra
phic
Cha
ract
eris
tics
, Los
Ang
eles
Cou
nty
3
Tabl
es, b
y R
ace/
Ethn
icit
y
Pre-
preg
nanc
y H
ealt
h &
Wel
l-be
ing
5
Pren
atal
Car
e an
d M
ater
nal R
isk
Fact
ors
Dur
ing
Preg
nanc
y
7
Psyc
hoso
cial
and
Beh
avio
ral R
isk
Fact
ors
Dur
ing
Preg
nanc
y
9
Post
part
um H
ealt
h &
Wel
l-be
ing
11
Infa
nt H
ealt
h &
Wel
l-be
ing
11
Tabl
es, b
y Se
rvic
e Pl
anni
ng A
rea
Pre-
preg
nanc
y H
ealt
h &
Wel
l-be
ing
13
Pren
atal
Car
e an
d M
ater
nal R
isk
Fact
ors
Dur
ing
Preg
nanc
y
15
Psyc
hoso
cial
and
Beh
avio
ral R
isk
Fact
ors
Dur
ing
Preg
nanc
y
17
Post
part
um H
ealt
h &
Wel
l-be
ing
19
Infa
nt H
ealt
h &
Wel
l-be
ing
19
Tabl
es, b
y Su
perv
isor
ial D
istr
ict
Pre-
preg
nanc
y H
ealt
h &
Wel
l-be
ing
21
Pren
atal
Car
e an
d M
ater
nal R
isk
Fact
ors
Dur
ing
Preg
nanc
y
23
Psyc
hoso
cial
and
Beh
avio
ral R
isk
Fact
ors
Dur
ing
Preg
nanc
y
25
Post
part
um H
ealt
h &
Wel
l-be
ing
27
Infa
nt H
ealt
h &
Wel
l-be
ing
27
LA County 2014
LA County 2012
(%)
(%)
LA County 2016
(%)
Mot
her’
s R
ace/
Ethn
icit
y
Whi
te
17.8
18
.5
18.6
Latin
a 57
.7
55.2
55
.3A
fric
an A
mer
ican
7.
6 7.
4 6.
8A
sian
15.0
17
.6
15.9
Mat
erna
l Age
<2
0*
7.0
5.3
4.3
20-2
4 18
.9
16.5
16
.325
-34*
51
.0
55.5
55
.435
+ 23
.2
22.7
24
.0
Mot
her’
s Ye
ars
of E
duca
tion
<1
2*
22.0
17
.5
13.7
=12
24.1
25
.8
23.2
>12*
54
.0
56.7
63
.1
Mot
her’
s M
arit
al S
tatu
s W
hen
Bab
y W
as B
orn
Mar
ried*
54
.9
57.1
59
.3N
ot m
arrie
d*
45.1
42
.9
40.7
Lang
uage
(s) U
sual
ly S
poke
n at
Hom
e
Engl
ish*
71.0
72
.5
77.1
Span
ish
44.7
41
.0
42.0
Asia
n La
ngua
ge
11.1
12
.9
11.9
Oth
er L
angu
age
5.7
4.6
5.5
Hou
seho
ld In
com
e
<$
20,0
00*
33.2
32
.1
27.5
$20,
000
- $3
9,99
9 20
.6
19.5
19
.9$4
0,00
0 -
$59,
999
8.1
8.4
9.2
$60,
000
- $9
9,99
9 10
.8
10.6
11
.9$1
00,0
00 a
nd m
ore*
14
.5
16.9
19
.6
Sele
cted
Dem
ogra
phic
Cha
ract
eris
tics
3
* In
dica
tes
sign
ifi ca
nt d
iffer
ence
s be
twee
n 20
12 a
nd 2
016.
4H
EALT
H IN
DIC
TORS
FO
R M
OTH
ERS
AN
D B
ABI
ES IN
LO
S A
NG
ELES
CO
UN
TY, 2
016
Perc
ent
of M
othe
rs a
cros
s Se
rvic
e Pl
anni
ng A
reas
(SPA
)Lo
s A
ngel
es C
ount
y 20
16Pe
rcen
t of
Mot
hers
acr
oss
Supe
rvis
oria
l Dis
tric
tsLo
s A
ngel
es C
ount
y 20
16
“I re
ally
hop
e th
at th
is su
rvey
mak
es a
cha
nge
in h
elpi
ng w
omen
whe
ther
the
y ar
e pr
egna
nt
or tr
ying
to g
et p
regn
ant.
” ~2
016
LAM
B M
om
Hea
lth
Insu
ranc
e C
over
age
Bef
ore
Preg
nanc
y
U
nins
ured
* 35
.8
32.9
18
.6
7.2
26.3
10
.8
10.5
On
Med
i-Cal
* 22
.3
20.8
28
.8
10.4
37
.6
46.6
14
.9Em
ploy
er b
ased
& P
rivat
e N
A
39.1
40
.4
69.1
25
.7
28.4
60
.3C
over
ed C
A &
Insu
ranc
e th
roug
h pa
rent
s N
A
2.1
4.8
5.0
4.4
5.6
5.0
Pre-
preg
nanc
y H
ealt
h B
ehav
iors
and
Exp
erie
nces
W
as d
ietin
g 6
mon
ths
befo
re p
regn
ancy
N
A
35.2
35
.8
32.3
39
.5
38.6
25
.8W
as e
xerc
ising
3+
days
/wk
befo
re p
regn
ancy
N
A
54.3
54
.0
62.6
54
.5
53.3
41
.1W
as re
gula
rly ta
king
pre
scrip
tion
med
icin
e N
A
12.4
13
.1
21.0
10
.9
15.7
9.
9N
o pr
econ
cept
ion
heal
th c
ouns
elin
g1 68
.6
72.6
70
.1
58.6
75
.8
70.5
64
.5N
ot ta
king
a m
ultiv
itam
in
47.5
49
.9
45.5
28
.6
53.3
51
.8
36.7
Lack
of f
olic
aci
d kn
owle
dge
67.9
65
.2
68.1
54
.1
77.5
76
.5
51.2
Did
not
hav
e en
ough
mon
ey fo
r foo
d 5.
5 5.
1 4.
3 2.
7 4.
5 10
.7
2.5
Smok
ed c
igar
ette
s in
the
6 m
onth
s be
fore
pre
gnan
cy
8.7
7.2
7.3
10.3
5.
2 15
.4
6.3
Cig
aret
te s
mok
ing/
nico
tine
use
in th
e 6
mon
ths
befo
re p
regn
ancy
² N
A
NA
11
.6
15.7
8.
6 23
.1
10.4
She
or h
er p
artn
er tr
avel
led
to o
r res
ided
in a
regi
on w
ith Z
ika
viru
s3 N
A
NA
6.
4 5.
8 7.
3 4.
3 4.
8†
Chi
ldho
od E
xper
ienc
es4
Did
not
hav
e an
adu
lt w
ho b
elie
ved
in th
em
NA
N
A
12.4
8.
7 13
.7
13.7
11
.9Pa
rent
/gua
rdia
n go
t div
orce
d or
sep
arat
ed
NA
N
A
30.3
29
.6
33.8
39
.3
14.8
Mov
ed d
ue to
trou
ble
payi
ng th
e re
nt/m
ortg
age
NA
N
A
14.8
12
.9
17.4
21
.5
5.1
Wen
t hun
gry
beca
use
they
cou
ld n
ot a
fford
food
N
A
NA
10
.1
5.9
13.1
12
.5
4.3
Pare
nt/g
uard
ian
wen
t to
jail
NA
N
A
8.7
7.2
9.8
17.1
2.
5†
Pare
nt/g
uard
ian
had
drin
king
or d
rug
prob
lem
N
A
NA
15
.8
15.7
18
.9
16.3
5.
6W
as in
fost
er c
are
NA
N
A
2.3
1.7
2.2
9.7
0.5†
Fam
ily P
lann
ing
Prac
tice
s
U
nwan
ted/
mist
imed
pre
gnan
cy b
y m
othe
r5 46
.6
44.9
42
.7
23.8
52
.0
55.9
30
.0U
nwan
ted
preg
nanc
y by
par
tner
6 28
.0
31.0
29
.4
20.9
34
.9
37.1
19
.8U
sing
birt
h co
ntro
l whe
n th
ey b
ecam
e pr
egna
nt7*
28
.9
24.9
23
.5
14.5
26
.6
20.4
26
.0Re
ceiv
ed fe
rtili
ty tr
eatm
ent
5.6
4.6
5.0
9.6
2.6
3.1
7.8
Ever
use
d em
erge
ncy
cont
race
ptio
n*
19.5
23
.6
27.9
33
.5
27.9
29
.4
20.0
Pre-
preg
nanc
y H
ealt
h &
Wel
l-be
ing
by R
ace/
Ethn
icit
y
5
LA County 2014
LA County 2012
(%)
(%)
LA County 2016
(%)
(%)
(%)
(%)
(%)
White
(%)
AfricanAmerican
(%)
Latina
(%)
Asian
(%)
LA C
ount
y 20
16
6H
EALT
H IN
DIC
TORS
FO
R M
OTH
ERS
AN
D B
ABI
ES IN
LO
S A
NG
ELES
CO
UN
TY, 2
016
† Si
gnifi
es t
hat
the
estim
ate
is s
tatis
tical
ly u
nsta
ble
(rel
ativ
e st
anda
rd e
rror
> 2
5%) a
nd t
here
fore
may
not
be
appr
opria
te t
o us
e fo
r pla
nnin
g or
pol
icy
purp
oses
.
* In
dica
tes
sign
ifi ca
nt d
iffer
ence
s be
twee
n 20
12 a
nd 2
016.
1
Que
stio
n as
ked:
Dur
ing
the
six
mon
ths
befo
re y
ou g
ot p
regn
ant
with
you
r new
bab
y, d
id y
ou t
alk
to a
doc
tor,
nurs
e, o
r oth
er h
ealth
car
e w
orke
r abo
ut h
ow t
o pr
epar
e fo
r a h
ealth
y pr
egna
ncy
and
baby
?
² Q
uest
ion
aske
d: In
the
six
mon
ths
befo
re y
ou g
ot p
regn
ant,
did
you
use
any
of t
he fo
llow
ing
toba
cco/
nico
tine
prod
ucts
? Re
spon
dent
s w
ho a
nsw
ered
“ye
s” t
o us
ing
e-ci
gare
ttes
, vap
es, c
hew
ing
toba
cco,
nic
otin
e pa
tch
or
othe
r pro
duct
OR
ciga
rett
e sm
okin
g w
ere
reco
ded
as “
Ciga
rett
e sm
okin
g/ni
cotin
e us
e in
the
6 m
onth
s be
fore
pr
egna
ncy.
”3 Q
uest
ion
aske
d: D
id y
ou, o
r you
r sex
ual p
artn
er, t
rave
l to
or re
side
in a
regi
on w
ith o
ngoi
ng Z
ika
Viru
s tr
ansm
issi
on (M
exic
o, C
entr
al a
nd S
outh
Am
eric
a, C
arib
bean
, New
Gui
nea,
Sam
oa, F
iji, M
arsh
all I
slan
ds,
Pala
u, S
inga
pore
, Ton
ga) i
n th
e 3
mon
ths
befo
re o
r dur
ing
your
mos
t re
cent
pre
gnan
cy?
4 Q
uest
ion
stat
ed: P
leas
e te
ll us
if a
ny o
f the
se t
hing
s ev
er h
appe
ned
to y
ou fr
om b
irth
thro
ugh
age
13.
5 Q
uest
ion
aske
d: T
hink
ing
back
to
just
bef
ore
you
got
preg
nant
with
you
r new
bab
y, h
ow d
id y
ou fe
el a
bout
be
com
ing
preg
nant
? Re
spon
dent
s w
ho a
nsw
ered
, “I w
ante
d to
be
preg
nant
late
r” o
r “I d
idn’
t w
ant
to b
e pr
egna
nt t
hen
or a
ny t
ime
in t
he fu
ture
” w
ere
code
d as
“U
nwan
ted
or m
istim
ed.”
6 Q
uest
ion
aske
d: Ju
st b
efor
e yo
u go
t pr
egna
nt w
ith y
our n
ew b
aby,
how
did
you
r hus
band
or p
artn
er fe
el
abou
t yo
u be
com
ing
preg
nant
? Re
spon
dent
s w
ho a
nsw
ered
, “H
e w
ante
d m
e to
be
preg
nant
late
r” o
r “H
e di
dn’t
wan
t m
e to
be
preg
nant
the
n or
any
tim
e in
the
futu
re”
wer
e co
ded
as “
Unw
ante
d pr
egna
ncy
by fa
-th
er.”
Res
pond
ents
who
ans
wer
ed, “
I don
’t k
now
” or
“I d
idn’
t ha
ve a
hus
band
or p
artn
er”
wer
e co
ded
mis
sing
fo
r thi
s fi e
ld.
7 Q
uest
ion
aske
d: B
efor
e yo
u go
t pr
egna
nt w
ith y
our n
ew b
aby,
wer
e yo
u us
ing
any
met
hod
of b
irth
cont
rol?
Re
spon
dent
s w
ho a
nsw
ered
“Ye
s, a
ll th
e tim
e” o
r “Ye
s, s
omet
imes
” w
ere
code
d as
“us
ing
birt
h co
ntro
l bef
ore
gett
ing
preg
nant
”.
Pre-
preg
nanc
y H
ealt
h C
ondi
tion
s
Ove
rwei
ght/
Obe
se
44.9
47
.9
49.6
35
.0
61.5
61
.3
21.8
Ast
hma
5.0
5.7
5.4
5.1
4.9
11.2
4.
9H
igh
bloo
d pr
essu
re
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.2
2.8
7.7
5.0
Dia
bete
s 2.
8 2.
5 3.
0 1.
3† 3.
2 3.
5 4.
3A
nem
ia
11.8
10
.9
9.6
6.5
9.9
19.7
8.
0D
epre
ssed
moo
d 11
.0
10.0
9.
6 9.
5 8.
8 14
.7
10.0
Perio
dont
al d
iseas
e
9.5
9.6
8.0
6.4
8.8
10.7
6.
2
Obs
tetr
ic H
isto
ry
Prev
ious
pre
term
birt
h 8.
0 6.
9 7.
3 4.
3 8.
8 9.
5 5.
0Pr
evio
us lo
w b
irth
wei
ght
5.6
5.6
6.5
3.9
7.3
9.7
5.8
Still
birt
h (p
regn
ancy
that
did
not
resu
lt in
a li
ve b
irth)
1.
3 1.
6 1.
4 0.
7† 1.
3† 2.
9 2.
2†
Prev
ious
misc
arria
ge
19.5
21
.2
21.3
21
.6
20.7
26
.6
19.8
Prev
ious
abo
rtio
n 15
.2
15.8
14
.7
13.3
12
.0
32.9
17
.0
LA County 2014
LA County 2012
(%)
(%)
LA County 2016
(%)
(%)
(%)
(%)
(%)
White
(%)
AfricanAmerican
(%)
Latina
(%)
Asian
(%)
LA C
ount
y 20
16
LA County 2014
LA County 2012
(%)
LA County 2016
(%)
White
(%)
AfricanAmerican
(%)
Latina
(%)
Asian
(%)
(%)
Pren
atal
Car
e
En
tere
d pr
enat
al c
are
afte
r 1st
trim
este
r 9.
5 8.
6 8.
2 4.
7 9.
7 13
.1
5.2
Did
not
get
pre
nata
l car
e as
ear
ly a
s w
ante
d 13
.4
13.4
10
.9
6.7
11.8
18
.6
9.4
Trav
eled
15
mile
s or
mor
e fo
r pre
nata
l car
e 11
.2
10.8
9.
8 8.
0 9.
0 12
.5
13.0
Diss
atisfi
ed
with
am
ount
of w
ait t
ime
at p
rena
tal c
are
18.0
19
.7
17.9
14
.6
18.4
15
.4
21.1
Diss
atisfi
ed
with
am
ount
of t
ime
spen
t with
doc
tor/
nurs
e 9.
8 12
.4
10.1
7.
6 11
.6
8.2
8.6
Diss
atisfi
ed
with
adv
ice
give
n at
pre
nata
l car
e 6.
5 7.
0 6.
7 5.
6 7.
5 5.
8 5.
5D
issat
isfi e
d w
ith u
nder
stan
ding
/res
pect
rece
ived
3.
8 3.
6 3.
8 2.
7 4.
6 5.
2 1.
8†
Nee
ded
to s
ee a
den
tist*
23
.1
20.4
19
.2
16.7
20
.7
25.0
14
.1Re
ceiv
ed d
enta
l car
e 36
.8
37.4
38
.7
55.4
34
.0
34.5
36
.7Re
ceiv
ed a
sea
sona
l fl u
sho
t dur
ing
or b
efor
e pr
egna
ncy
NA
N
A
57.4
62
.3
54.4
47
.6
64.4
Rece
ived
a T
dap
shot
dur
ing
preg
nanc
y or
at d
eliv
ery
NA
N
A
74.9
78
.9
72.2
71
.2
79.5
Med
ical
Con
diti
ons
Dur
ing
Preg
nanc
y
La
bor p
ain
3 w
eeks
bef
ore
due
date
* 15
.0
12.7
11
.8
9.8
13.4
13
.7
8.3
Hig
h bl
ood
pres
sure
9.
7 10
.5
11.2
10
.8
11.8
16
.8
7.6
Ges
tatio
nal d
iabe
tes
11.8
12
.2
12.6
7.1
13
.1
8.8
19.2
Prob
lem
s w
ith th
e pl
acen
ta8
4.8
4.5
5.1
5.8
4.9
5.5
5.4
Urin
ary
trac
t inf
ectio
n*
13.2
9.
5 8.
1 7.
9 8.
8 9.
5 5.
2W
ater
bro
ke m
ore
than
3 w
eeks
ear
ly
4.4
4.9
5.0
4.7
5.2
6.0
4.1
Inco
mpe
tent
cer
vix
2.2
2.0
1.6
0.9†
1.9
2.3
0.8†
Sexu
ally
tran
smitt
ed d
iseas
e*
3.5
2.1
1.6
1.4
1.6
3.9
0.4†
Bact
eria
l vag
inos
is 10
.8
10.3
9.
9 4.
6 11
.8
17.6
5.
7Pe
riodo
ntal
dise
ase*
16
.7
15.1
11
.9
11.5
12
.4
16.3
8.
5
Ris
k B
ehav
iors
Dur
ing
Preg
nanc
y
Cig
aret
te s
mok
ing*
2.
4 1.
5 1.
5 2.
2 0.
8† 5.
8 1.
2†
Cig
aret
te s
mok
ing/
nico
tine
use
N
A
NA
2.
5 3.
7 1.
4 7.
4 2.
6†
Expo
sure
to s
econ
dhan
d sm
oke10
4.
3 4.
5 4.
5 3.
1 2.
8 8.
3 10
.3U
sing
illeg
al d
rugs
or d
rugs
not
pre
scrib
ed b
y a
doct
or11
5.
7 4.
1 5.
5 6.
5 4.
0 10
.8
6.7
Usin
g m
ariju
ana
1.8
1.5
2.0
3.5
1.4
5.7
0.5†
Bing
e dr
inki
ng a
lcoh
ol12
N
A
NA
7.
4 7.
0 8.
1 9.
8 4.
2†
Did
not
exe
rcise
dur
ing
preg
nanc
y13*
20.9
23
.0
24.5
21
.5
24.1
30
.8
26.9
Pren
atal
Car
e an
d M
ater
nal
Ris
k Fa
ctor
s D
urin
g Pr
egna
ncy
by
Rac
e/Et
hnic
ity
7
LA C
ount
y 20
16
8H
EALT
H IN
DIC
TORS
FO
R M
OTH
ERS
AN
D B
ABI
ES IN
LO
S A
NG
ELES
CO
UN
TY, 2
016
Perc
enta
ge o
f Mot
hers
Ent
erin
g Pr
enat
al C
are
Aft
er F
irst
Tri
mes
ter
by A
ge G
roup
Lo
s A
ngel
es C
ount
y 20
16
Perc
enta
ge o
f Mot
hers
wit
h Se
lf-R
epor
ted
Ges
tati
onal
Dia
bete
s by
Age
Gro
up
Los
Ang
eles
Cou
nty
2016
8 Q
uest
ion
aske
d: D
urin
g yo
ur p
regn
ancy
did
you
hav
e an
y of
the
se p
robl
ems?
Res
pond
ents
who
ans
wer
ed
“pro
blem
s w
ith p
lace
nta
(suc
h as
abr
uptio
pla
cent
ae o
r pla
cent
a pr
evia
)” w
ere
code
d as
“pr
oble
ms
with
pl
acen
ta.”
9
Que
stio
n as
ked:
Dur
ing
your
last
pre
gnan
cy, d
id y
ou u
se a
ny o
f the
follo
win
g to
bacc
o/ni
cotin
e pr
oduc
ts?
Re-
spon
dent
s w
ho a
nsw
ered
“ye
s” t
o us
ing
e-ci
gare
ttes
, vap
es, c
hew
ing
toba
cco,
nic
otin
e pa
tch
or o
ther
pro
duct
O
R ci
gare
tte
smok
ing
durin
g pr
egna
ncy
wer
e re
code
d as
“Ci
gare
tte
smok
ing/
nico
tine
use.
”10
Que
stio
n as
ked:
Dur
ing
your
pre
gnan
cy, a
bout
how
man
y ho
urs
a da
y, o
n av
erag
e, w
ere
you
in t
he s
ame
room
w
ith s
omeo
ne w
ho w
as s
mok
ing?
Res
pond
ents
who
indi
cate
d m
ore
than
0 h
ours
wer
e co
ded
as “
expo
sed
to
seco
ndha
nd s
mok
e.”
11 R
espo
nden
ts w
ho a
nsw
ered
“ye
s” w
hen
ques
tione
d ab
out
use
of m
ariju
ana,
has
hish
, tra
nqui
lizer
s,
hallu
cino
gens
, coc
aine
, her
oin,
am
phet
amin
es o
r, pr
escr
iptio
n dr
ugs
not
pres
crib
ed b
y th
eir d
octo
rs w
ere
code
d as
“us
ing
illeg
al d
rugs
or d
rugs
not
pre
scrib
ed b
y a
doct
or.”
12
Que
stio
n as
ked:
“D
urin
g yo
ur p
regn
ancy
(inc
ludi
ng b
efor
e yo
u kn
ew y
ou w
ere
preg
nant
for s
ure)
how
man
y tim
es d
id y
ou d
rink
4 or
mor
e dr
inks
with
alc
ohol
in o
ne s
ittin
g (w
ithin
2 h
ours
)?”
Resp
onde
nts
who
ans
wer
ed
one
or m
ore
times
wer
e re
code
d as
“Bi
nge
drin
king
alc
ohol
.”13
Que
stio
n as
ked:
How
oft
en d
id y
ou e
xerc
ise
for 3
0 m
inut
es o
r mor
e in
the
last
thr
ee m
onth
s of
pre
gnan
cy;
wom
en w
ho w
ere
told
by
a do
ctor
, nur
se, o
r hea
lth c
are
wor
ker n
ot t
o ex
erci
se w
ere
excl
uded
from
the
de
nom
inat
or t
o ca
lcul
ate
prev
alen
ce o
f exe
rcis
e du
ring
last
thr
ee m
onth
s of
pre
gnan
cy.
Men
tal H
ealt
h D
urin
g Pr
egna
ncy
D
epre
ssed
moo
d14*
29.7
26
.1
25.0
18
.5
27.5
35
.8
19.4
Low
Mat
erna
l Res
ilien
cy15
8.
1 8.
2 7.
9 7.
2 7.
4 9.
6 10
.6
Soci
al S
uppo
rt
Diss
atisfi
ed
with
sup
port
giv
en b
y th
e ba
by’s
fath
er16
8.
3 8.
2 6.
9 3.
4 7.
0 18
.5
5.9
Expe
rienc
ed d
omes
tic v
iole
nce/
intim
ate
part
ner a
buse
17
2.3
1.6
1.9
1.0†
1.9
3.9
1.9†
Wou
ld h
ave
som
eone
to lo
an m
oney
if n
eede
d18
82.1
82
.5
84.8
95
.5
81.9
82
.0
82.0
Wou
ld h
ave
som
eone
to h
elp
if sic
k 86
.1
87.2
89
.1
94.8
86
.7
87.0
91
.0W
ould
hav
e so
meo
ne to
list
en to
pro
blem
s 85
.1
85.3
87
.7
96.5
84
.0
87.1
89
.8
Soci
al E
nvir
onm
ent
Perc
eive
d ne
ighb
orho
od a
s un
safe
19
14.2
13
.5
14.4
5.
8 19
.2
20.8
5.
8
Stre
ssfu
l Life
Eve
nts
Dur
ing
Preg
nanc
y
Fa
mily
mem
ber h
ad to
go
into
the
hosp
ital
16.1
14
.7
14.5
18
.6
13.1
21
.9
10.5
Div
orce
d/se
para
ted
from
hus
band
/par
tner
8.
1 6.
9 5.
6 1.
7 7.
3 12
.2
1.5†
Mov
ed to
a n
ew a
ddre
ss
25.6
24
.9
23.6
23
.6
22.1
31
.5
24.0
Wer
e ho
mel
ess
4.6
3.5
3.3
1.2†
3.2
15.7
0.
3†
Hus
band
/par
tner
lost
his/
her j
ob*
12.4
10
.8
9.2
6.4
10.8
14
.4
4.6
Lost
job
but w
ante
d to
con
tinue
wor
king
* 9.
6 9.
2 7.
2 3.
3 8.
1 14
.7
5.2
Arg
ued
mor
e th
an u
sual
with
hus
band
/par
tner
26
.3
23.8
22
.8
17.2
23
.4
40.9
19
.1H
ad a
lot o
f bill
s th
at c
ould
not
be
paid
* 18
.5
17.8
14
.8
9.2
17.5
27
.1
6.4
Wer
e in
a p
hysic
al fi
ght*
2.
7 2.
2 1.
7 0.
6† 1.
5 7.
0 1.
0†
Hus
band
/par
tner
or s
elf w
ent t
o ja
il*
3.5
2.5
2.1
1.0†
2.5
5.6
0.2†
Som
eone
clo
se h
ad d
rinki
ng o
r dru
g pr
oble
ms
8.
1 7.1
7.
4 7.
5 8.
2 12
.5
1.7†
Som
eone
clo
se a
nd im
port
ant d
ied
12.5
11
.2
11.7
11
.0
12.0
17
.9
8.2
Psyc
hoso
cial
and
Beh
avio
ral
Ris
k Fa
ctor
s D
urin
g Pr
egna
ncy
by R
ace/
Ethn
icit
y
9
LA County 2014
LA County 2012
(%)
(%)
LA County 2016
(%)
(%)
(%)
(%)
(%)
White
(%)
AfricanAmerican
(%)
Latina
(%)
Asian
(%)
LA C
ount
y 20
16
10H
EALT
H IN
DIC
TORS
FO
R M
OTH
ERS
AN
D B
ABI
ES IN
LO
S A
NG
ELES
CO
UN
TY, 2
016
Perc
enta
ge o
f Mot
hers
wit
h Se
lf-R
epor
ted
Dep
ress
ed M
ood
by A
ge G
roup
Lo
s A
ngel
es C
ount
y 20
16
Perc
enta
ge o
f Mot
hers
Per
ceiv
ing
Nei
ghbo
rhoo
d in
Pre
gnan
cy
as U
nsaf
e by
Age
Gro
up
Los
Ang
eles
Cou
nty
2016
Rep
orte
d Ev
er E
xper
ienc
ing
Dis
crim
inat
ion
Any
disc
rimin
atio
n 39
.1
37.8
35
.6
34.2
33
.6
53.7
34
.8A
t wor
k 17
.4
16.8
16
.3
21.2
12
.7
24.8
17
.8W
hen
gett
ing
med
ical
car
e 8.
2 7.
6 6.
4 4.
5 7.
3 11
.6
3.4
Whe
n ge
ttin
g ho
usin
g*
9.1
8.0
7.0
4.4
6.9
18.5
6.
0Be
caus
e of
race
/col
or
18.1
15
.5
15.6
6.
8 15
.0
39.4
17
.7Be
caus
e of
gen
der
11.3
11
.1
12.5
20
.4
8.5
18.3
12
.5A
t hom
e N
A
7.9
7.1
4.6
6.6
15.1
8.
0Be
caus
e of
bre
astf
eedi
ng
NA
5.
9 8.
3 10
.5
7.9
9.1
6.5
Beca
use
of p
regn
ancy
14
.7
14.9
13
.0
12.6
13
.3
19.5
9.
2
† Sig
nifi e
s th
at t
he e
stim
ate
is s
tatis
tical
ly u
nsta
ble
(rel
ativ
e st
anda
rd e
rror
> 2
5%) a
nd t
here
fore
may
not
be
appr
opria
te t
o us
e fo
r pla
nnin
g or
pol
icy
purp
oses
.
* In
dica
tes
sign
ifi ca
nt d
iffer
ence
s be
twee
n 20
12 a
nd 2
016.
14 T
wo-
part
que
stio
n as
ked:
For
2 w
eeks
or l
onge
r dur
ing
your
mos
t re
cent
pre
gnan
cy d
id y
ou fe
el s
ad, e
mpt
y or
dep
ress
ed fo
r mos
t of
the
day
? an
d Fo
r 2 w
eeks
or l
onge
r dur
ing
your
mos
t re
cent
pre
gnan
cy d
id y
ou lo
se
inte
rest
in m
ost
thin
gs li
ke w
ork,
hob
bies
, and
oth
er t
hing
s yo
u us
ually
enj
oyed
? Re
spon
dent
s w
ho a
nsw
ered
“Y
es”
to e
ither
resp
onse
wer
e co
ded
as h
avin
g “d
epre
ssed
moo
d.”
15 L
ow m
ater
nal r
esili
ency
com
bine
d th
e re
spon
ses
of s
even
LA
MB
2016
que
stio
ns t
hat
aske
d m
othe
rs h
ow
stro
ngly
the
y ag
reed
with
sta
tem
ents
abo
ut t
heir
self-
este
em a
nd p
erce
ptio
n th
at t
hey
can
achi
eve
thei
r goa
ls
or c
ompl
ete
task
s an
d co
ntro
l the
eve
nts
affe
ctin
g th
em.
16 Q
uest
ion
aske
d: O
vera
ll, h
ow s
atisfi e
d w
ere
you
with
the
sup
port
giv
en b
y yo
ur b
aby’
s fa
ther
dur
ing
your
pr
egna
ncy?
Res
pond
ents
who
ans
wer
ed “
som
ewha
t di
ssat
isfi e
d” o
r “no
t at
all
satisfi e
d” w
ere
code
d as
“di
s-sa
tisfi e
d.”
17 Q
uest
ion
aske
d: D
urin
g yo
ur la
st p
regn
ancy
, did
the
bab
y’s
fath
er d
o an
y of
the
follo
win
g fo
r you
? H
it or
sla
p yo
u w
hen
he w
as a
ngry
.18
Que
stio
n as
ked:
Dur
ing
your
last
pre
gnan
cy, w
ould
you
hav
e so
meo
ne t
o lo
an y
ou $
50 if
you
had
nee
ded
it?19
Que
stio
n as
ked:
How
wou
ld y
ou p
erce
ive
this
nei
ghbo
rhoo
d in
ter
ms
of it
s sa
fety
from
vio
lenc
e? R
espo
nden
ts
who
ans
wer
ed “
Very
Poo
r” o
r “Po
or”
wer
e re
code
d to
“N
eigh
borh
ood
Uns
afe.
”
LA County 2014
LA County 2012
(%)
(%)
LA County 2016
(%)
(%)
(%)
(%)
(%)
White
(%)
AfricanAmerican
(%)
Latina
(%)
Asian
(%)
LA C
ount
y 20
16
(%)
(%)
(%)
(%)
Del
iver
y M
etho
d
H
ad a
C-s
ectio
n N
A
35.4
32
.7
33.6
32
.0
38.8
31
.9C
-sec
tion
disc
ussio
n in
itiat
ed b
y m
othe
r N
A
11.7
12
.6
17.3
10
.5
13.5
14
.2Re
ason
for C
-sec
tion:
Had
pre
viou
s C
-sec
tion
NA
44
.6
46.2
36
.9
51.4
45
.8
41.2
Reas
on fo
r C-s
ectio
n: B
aby
was
in w
rong
pos
ition
N
A
16.9
16
.2
20.6
15
.6
8.7
15.9
Reas
on fo
r C-s
ectio
n: L
abor
was
taki
ng to
o lo
ng
NA
15
.8
12.6
10
.6
12.8
11
.0
15.5
Mat
erna
l Pos
tpar
tum
Hea
lth
Had
a p
ostp
artu
m c
heck
-up
89.9
92
.1
90.7
93
.8
89.5
86
.9
93.3
Fam
ily p
lann
ing
disc
usse
d du
ring
chec
k-up
90
.1
89.3
90
.5
92.0
90
.9
92.8
85
.7Re
ceiv
ed h
ome
visit
atio
n se
rvic
es
NA
N
A
12.2
6.
2 15
.8
17.7
5.
0D
epre
ssed
moo
d sin
ce b
irth
of b
aby20
N
A
NA
25
.2
22.5
26
.3
28.2
24
.0
Infa
nt H
ealt
h &
Wel
l-be
ing
Pret
erm
/Low
Bir
th W
eigh
t
Pret
erm
9.
7 9.
1 8.
1 6.
6 8.
3 11
.8
7.3
Low
Birt
h W
eigh
t 7.
5 6.
4 6.
8 6.
6 6.
6 8.
9 7.
0
Infa
nt H
ealt
h
C
urre
ntly
read
ing
to b
aby*
74
.0
79.7
85
.2
90.9
84
.7
92.2
77
.0H
ad a
wel
l-bab
y ch
eck-
up
97.1
97
.2
98.1
99
.3
97.8
97
.4
98.2
Bre
astf
eedi
ng P
ract
ice
Any
bre
astf
eedi
ng a
t 1 w
eek
NA
86
.9
88.8
93
.5
87.1
81
.7
91.8
Excl
usiv
e br
east
feed
ing
at 1
wee
k N
A
54.4
55
.7
70.5
51
.9
55.6
50
.6A
ny b
reas
tfee
ding
at 1
mon
th
NA
80
.3
82.9
89
.7
79.4
77
.0
89.3
Excl
usiv
e br
east
feed
ing
at 1
mon
th
NA
47
.8
51.1
66
.7
44.3
51
.6
54.7
Any
bre
astf
eedi
ng a
t 3 m
onth
s N
A
65.5
70
.8
81.5
65
.2
64.0
80
.1Ex
clus
ive
brea
stfe
edin
g at
3 m
onth
s N
A
38.2
43
.2
59.0
35
.3
41.7
51
.6
Post
part
um H
ealt
h &
Wel
l-be
ing
by
Rac
e/Et
hnic
ity
11
LA County 2014
LA County 2012
(%)
(%)
LA County 2016
(%)
White
(%)
AfricanAmerican
(%)
Latina
(%)
Asian
(%)
LA C
ount
y 20
16
12H
EALT
H IN
DIC
TORS
FO
R M
OTH
ERS
AN
D B
ABI
ES IN
LO
S A
NG
ELES
CO
UN
TY, 2
016
Perc
enta
ge o
f Mot
hers
Bre
astf
eedi
ng a
t 3
Mon
ths
by
Age
Gro
up
Los
Ang
eles
Cou
nty
2016
Perc
enta
ge o
f Mot
hers
hav
ing
a Po
stpa
rtum
Che
ck U
p by
A
ge G
roup
Lo
s A
ngel
es C
ount
y 20
16
Bab
y’s
Slee
p En
viro
nmen
t21
Slee
ps o
n hi
s/he
r sid
e*
20.0
12
.8
10.8
8.
4 11
.3
12.1
11
.7Sl
eeps
on
his/
her b
ack*
75
.4
82.7
85
.0
87.4
86
.5
72.2
82
.9Sl
eeps
on
his/
her s
tom
ach
4.6
4.5
4.1
4.2
2.2
15.7
5.
5Ev
er s
lept
with
ano
ther
per
son22
75
.3
71.7
72
.6
58.8
74
.0
83.7
79
.9
† Sig
nifi e
s th
at t
he e
stim
ate
is s
tatis
tical
ly u
nsta
ble
(rel
ativ
e st
anda
rd e
rror
> 2
5%) a
nd t
here
fore
may
not
be
appr
opria
te t
o us
e fo
r pla
nnin
g or
pol
icy
purp
oses
.
* In
dica
tes
sign
ifi ca
nt d
iffer
ence
s be
twee
n 20
12 a
nd 2
016.
20 Tw
o-pa
rt q
uest
ion
aske
d: F
or 2
wee
ks o
r lon
ger s
ince
you
r mos
t re
cent
pre
gnan
cy d
id y
ou fe
el s
ad, e
mpt
y or
dep
ress
ed fo
r mos
t of
the
day
? an
d Fo
r 2 w
eeks
or l
onge
r dur
ing
your
mos
t re
cent
pre
gnan
cy d
id y
ou lo
se in
tere
st in
mos
t th
ings
like
wor
k, h
obbi
es, a
nd o
ther
thi
ngs
you
usua
lly e
njoy
ed?
Resp
onde
nts
who
ans
wer
ed “
Yes”
to
eith
er re
spon
se
wer
e co
ded
as h
avin
g “d
epre
ssed
moo
d si
nce
birt
h of
bab
y.”
21 A
vera
ge a
ge o
f bab
ies
at t
ime
of in
terv
iew
was
5.5
mon
ths.
22 Q
uest
ion
aske
d: H
ow o
ften
doe
s yo
ur n
ew b
aby
slee
p in
the
sam
e be
d w
ith y
ou o
r any
one
else
? Th
ose
who
resp
onde
d “A
lway
s,”
“Fre
quen
tly,”
“So
met
imes
,” o
r “Ra
rely
” w
ere
reco
ded
as “
Ever
sle
pt w
ith a
noth
er p
erso
n.”
LA County 2014
LA County 2012
(%)
(%)
LA County 2016
(%)
White
(%)
AfricanAmerican
(%)
Latina
(%)
Asian
(%)
LA C
ount
y 20
16
Hea
lth
Insu
ranc
e C
over
age
Bef
ore
Preg
nanc
y
U
nins
ured
* 35
.8
32.9
18
.6
13.3
17
.2
16.9
22
.4
7.4
26.4
22
.3
15.5
On
Med
i-Cal
* 22
.3
20.8
30
.1
45.7
25
.1
22.4
32
.6
8.1
47.4
35
.9
27.5
Empl
oyer
bas
ed &
Priv
ate
NA
39
.1
40.3
29
.2
47.8
47
.2
35.8
73
.8
18.9
31
.9
43.0
Cov
ered
CA
& In
sura
nce
thro
ugh
pare
nts
NA
2.
1 4.
8 5.
8 4.
6 5.
0 4.
6 4.
8 2.
5† 5.
0† 6.
3
Pre-
preg
nanc
y H
ealt
h B
ehav
iors
and
Exp
erie
nces
W
as d
ietin
g 6
mon
ths
befo
re p
regn
ancy
N
A
35.2
35
.8
42.5
39
.6
33.4
32
.1
26.6
36
.9
37.5
35
.0W
as e
xerc
ising
3+
days
/wk
befo
re p
regn
ancy
N
A
54.3
54
.0
56.1
52
.5
46.8
55
.6
69.0
51
.6
55.6
59
.7W
as re
gula
rly ta
king
pre
scrip
tion
med
icin
e N
A
12.4
13
.1
17.1
13
.8
10.2
12
.5
20.6
13
.2
10.3
15
.1N
o pr
econ
cept
ion
heal
th c
ouns
elin
g1
68.6
72
.6
70.1
74
.6
66.6
71
.6
73.7
54
.4
72.9
73
.7
69.0
Not
taki
ng a
mul
tivita
min
47
.5
49.9
45
.5
54.5
42
.2
43.3
49
.1
27.0
58
.1
47.5
40
.8La
ck o
f fol
ic a
cid
know
ledg
e 67
.9
65.2
68
.1
73.6
65
.0
63.1
63
.9
43.1
82
.0
75.2
70
.7D
id n
ot h
ave
enou
gh m
oney
for f
ood
5.5
5.1
4.3
8.8
3.0
3.5
4.8
1.7†
6.3
3.4†
5.5
Smok
ed c
igar
ette
s in
the
6 m
onth
s be
fore
pre
gnan
cy
8.7
7.2
7.3
13.2
8.
5 6.
3 7.
0 6.
5† 8.
4 4.
2 7.
4C
igar
ette
sm
okin
g/ni
cotin
e us
e in
the
6 m
onth
s be
fore
pre
gnan
cy2
NA
N
A
11.6
18
.3
12.3
10
.4
11.9
10
.2†
13.7
6.
8 12
.3Sh
e or
her
par
tner
trav
elle
d to
or r
esid
ed in
a re
gion
with
Zik
a vi
rus3
NA
N
A
6.4
6.0†
4.7†
4.6†
6.8†
8.5
7.1†
9.6†
6.5†
Chi
ldho
od E
xper
ienc
es4
Did
not
hav
e an
adu
lt w
ho b
elie
ved
in th
em
NA
N
A
12.4
14
.8
10.1
12
.4
16.2
7.
9 14
.0
13.3
11
.4Pa
rent
/gua
rdia
n go
t div
orce
d or
sep
arat
ed
NA
N
A
30.3
37
.2
26.0
25
.6
33.4
26
.1
35.0
33
.8
32.2
Prob
lem
s pa
ying
the
rent
/mor
tgag
e N
A
NA
14
.8
20.2
11
.8
10.2
17
.2
10.7
21
.2
16.1
16
.2W
ent h
ungr
y be
caus
e th
ey c
ould
not
affo
rd fo
od
NA
N
A
10.1
10
.0
6.9
9.2
12.8
3.
9 14
.9
9.8
12.3
Pare
nt/g
uard
ian
wen
t to
jail
NA
N
A
8.7
15.9
5.
9 7.
2 10
.5
4.3
12.2
11
.3
6.9
Pare
nt/g
uard
ian
had
drin
king
or d
rug
prob
lem
N
A
NA
15
.8
18.8
13
.0
13.4
18
.0
12.0
19
.1
16.0
18
.8W
as in
fost
er c
are
NA
N
A
2.3
5.8
1.2†
1.4†
2.0†
0.9†
4.7
2.7†
2.3†
Fam
ily P
lann
ing
Prac
tice
s
U
nwan
ted/
mist
imed
pre
gnan
cy b
y m
othe
r5 46
.6
44.9
42
.7
50.1
38
.5
40.0
42
.3
22.2
57
.1
45.7
41
.7U
nwan
ted
preg
nanc
y by
par
tner
6 28
.0
31.0
29
.3
33.9
27
.2
27.7
29
.9
18.8
35
.4
32.4
29
.0U
sing
birt
h co
ntro
l whe
n th
ey b
ecam
e pr
egna
nt7 *
28
.9
24.9
23
.5
22.6
21
.5
25.7
25
.2
15.1
26
.4
24.4
21
.8Re
ceiv
ed fe
rtili
ty tr
eatm
ent
5.6
4.6
5.0
3.2†
5.8
5.3
5.3
13.3
2.
5† 2.
6† 5.
7Ev
er u
sed
emer
genc
y co
ntra
cept
ion*
19
.5
23.6
27
.9
21.1
29
.6
24.3
30
.1
34.7
29
.4
27.0
27
.7
Pre-
preg
nanc
y H
ealt
h &
Wel
l-be
ing
by S
PA
13
LA County 2012
(%)
LA County 2014
(%)
LA County 2016
(%)
(%)
(%)
(%)
(%)
(%)
(%)
(%)
(%)
AntelopeValley
(%)
SPA
1
West
(%)
SPA
5
San Gabriel
(%)
SPA
3
East
(%)
SPA
7
SanFernando
(%)
SPA
2
South
(%)
SPA
6
Metro
(%)
SPA
4
South Bay
(%)
SPA
8
LA C
ount
y 20
16
14H
EALT
H IN
DIC
TORS
FO
R M
OTH
ERS
AN
D B
ABI
ES IN
LO
S A
NG
ELES
CO
UN
TY, 2
016
Pre-
preg
nanc
y H
ealt
h C
ondi
tion
s
Ove
rwei
ght/
Obe
se
44.9
47
.9
49.6
63
.0
51.3
39
.9
43.1
24
.8
63.0
56
.5
50.5
Ast
hma
5.
0 5.
7 5.
4 10
.0
4.7
5.1
5.6
4.0
6.5
4.8*
5.
6H
igh
bloo
d pr
essu
re
3.6
3.6
3.6
5.3
2.5
4.5
3.5
2.6*
5.
7 2.
0*
3.1
Dia
bete
s
2.8
2.5
3.0
4.0†
1.5†
3.8†
3.3
1.5†
5.4†
2.4†
2.1
Ane
mia
11
.8
10.9
9.
6 13
.7
9.1
9.5
9.8
6.2
12.1
7.
5 9.
9D
epre
ssed
Moo
d 11
.0
10.0
9.
6 15
.5
6.1
9.0
9.7
11.3
11
.6
9.3
10.9
Perio
dont
al d
iseas
e
9.5
9.6
8.0
9.7
6.1
8.0
8.2
5.2
11.6
6.
9 8.
7
Obs
tetr
ic H
isto
ry
Prev
ious
pre
term
birt
h 8.
0 6.
9 7.
3 9.
2 6.
3 6.
8 7.1
3.
9 8.
4 9.
2 7.
4Pr
evio
us lo
w b
irth
wei
ght
5.6
5.6
6.5
9.1
5.7
6.4
6.3
2.2†
8.0
7.0
6.6
Still
birt
h (p
regn
ancy
that
did
not
resu
lt in
a li
ve b
irth)
1.
3 1.
6 1.
4 0.
9† 0.
8† 2.
2† 0.
9† 0.
3† 2.
2† 2.
1† 0.
8†
Prev
ious
misc
arria
ge
19.5
21
.2
21.3
26
.3
20.5
22
.9
17.1
21
.6
23.1
18
.1
22.7
Prev
ious
abo
rtio
n 15
.2
15.8
14
.7
14.1
12
.0
16.8
11
.9
13.3
16
.8
13.3
17
.1
† Si
gnifi
es t
hat
the
estim
ate
is s
tatis
tical
ly u
nsta
ble
(rel
ativ
e st
anda
rd e
rror
> 2
5%) a
nd t
here
fore
may
not
be
appr
opria
te t
o us
e fo
r pla
nnin
g or
pol
icy
purp
oses
.
* In
dica
tes
sign
ifi ca
nt d
iffer
ence
s be
twee
n 20
12 a
nd 2
016.
1
Que
stio
n as
ked:
Dur
ing
the
six
mon
ths
befo
re y
ou g
ot p
regn
ant
with
you
r new
bab
y, d
id y
ou t
alk
to a
doc
tor,
nurs
e, o
r oth
er h
ealth
car
e w
orke
r abo
ut h
ow t
o pr
epar
e fo
r a h
ealth
y pr
egna
ncy
and
baby
?
² Q
uest
ion
aske
d: In
the
six
mon
ths
befo
re y
ou g
ot p
regn
ant,
did
you
use
any
of t
he fo
llow
ing
toba
cco/
nico
tine
prod
ucts
? Re
spon
dent
s w
ho a
nsw
ered
“ye
s” t
o us
ing
e-ci
gare
ttes
, vap
es, c
hew
ing
toba
cco,
nic
otin
e pa
tch
or
othe
r pro
duct
OR
ciga
rett
e sm
okin
g w
ere
reco
ded
as “
Ciga
rett
e sm
okin
g/ni
cotin
e us
e in
the
6 m
onth
s be
fore
pr
egna
ncy.
”3 Q
uest
ion
aske
d: D
id y
ou, o
r you
r sex
ual p
artn
er, t
rave
l to
or re
side
in a
regi
on w
ith o
ngoi
ng Z
ika
Viru
s tr
ansm
issi
on (M
exic
o, C
entr
al a
nd S
outh
Am
eric
a, C
arib
bean
, New
Gui
nea,
Sam
oa, F
iji, M
arsh
all I
slan
ds,
Pala
u, S
inga
pore
, Ton
ga) i
n th
e 3
mon
ths
befo
re o
r dur
ing
your
mos
t re
cent
pre
gnan
cy?
4 Q
uest
ion
stat
ed: P
leas
e te
ll us
if a
ny o
f the
se t
hing
s ev
er h
appe
ned
to y
ou fr
om b
irth
thro
ugh
age
13.
5 Q
uest
ion
aske
d: T
hink
ing
back
to
just
bef
ore
you
got
preg
nant
with
you
r new
bab
y, h
ow d
id y
ou fe
el a
bout
be
com
ing
preg
nant
? Re
spon
dent
s w
ho a
nsw
ered
, “I w
ante
d to
be
preg
nant
late
r” o
r “I d
idn’
t w
ant
to b
e pr
egna
nt t
hen
or a
ny t
ime
in t
he fu
ture
” w
ere
code
d as
“U
nwan
ted
or m
istim
ed.”
6 Q
uest
ion
aske
d: Ju
st b
efor
e yo
u go
t pr
egna
nt w
ith y
our n
ew b
aby,
how
did
you
r hus
band
or p
artn
er fe
el
abou
t yo
u be
com
ing
preg
nant
? Re
spon
dent
s w
ho a
nsw
ered
, “H
e w
ante
d m
e to
be
preg
nant
late
r” o
r “H
e di
dn’t
wan
t m
e to
be
preg
nant
the
n or
any
tim
e in
the
futu
re”
wer
e co
ded
as “
Unw
ante
d pr
egna
ncy
by fa
-th
er.”
Res
pond
ents
who
ans
wer
ed, “
I don
’t k
now
” or
“I d
idn’
t ha
ve a
hus
band
or p
artn
er”
wer
e co
ded
mis
sing
fo
r thi
s fi e
ld.
7 Q
uest
ion
aske
d: B
efor
e yo
u go
t pr
egna
nt w
ith y
our n
ew b
aby,
wer
e yo
u us
ing
any
met
hod
of b
irth
cont
rol?
Re
spon
dent
s w
ho a
nsw
ered
“Ye
s, a
ll th
e tim
e” o
r “Ye
s, s
omet
imes
” w
ere
code
d as
“us
ing
birt
h co
ntro
l bef
ore
gett
ing
preg
nant
”.
LA County 2012
(%)
LA County 2014
(%)
LA County 2016
(%)
(%)
(%)
(%)
(%)
(%)
(%)
(%)
(%)
AntelopeValley
(%)
SPA
1
West
(%)
SPA
5
San Gabriel
(%)
SPA
3
East
(%)
SPA
7
SanFernando
(%)
SPA
2
South
(%)
SPA
6
Metro
(%)
SPA
4
South Bay
(%)
SPA
8
LA C
ount
y 20
16
Pren
atal
Car
e an
d M
ater
nal R
isk
Fact
ors
Dur
ing
Preg
nanc
y by
SPA
LA County 2012
(%)
LA County 2014
(%)
LA County 2016
(%)
AntelopeValley
(%)
SPA
1
West
(%)
SPA
5
San Gabriel
(%)
SPA
3
East
(%)
SPA
7
SanFernando
(%)
SPA
2
South
(%)
SPA
6
Metro
(%)
SPA
4
South Bay
(%)
SPA
8
Pren
atal
Car
e
En
tere
d pr
enat
al c
are
afte
r 1st
trim
este
r 9.
5 8.
6 8.
2 17
.0
5.5
7.6
8.3
4.0
10.0
7.
6 10
.6D
id n
ot g
et p
rena
tal c
are
as e
arly
as
wan
ted
13.4
13
.4
10.9
20
.0
8.8
10.0
10
.7
4.2
13.6
10
.2
13.1
Trav
eled
15
mile
s or
mor
e fo
r pre
nata
l car
e 11
.2
10.8
9.
8 26
.1
9.8
11.7
6.
4 4.
4† 9.
4 6.
8 9.
4D
issat
isfi e
d w
ith a
mou
nt o
f wai
t tim
e at
pre
nata
l car
e 18
.0
19.7
17
.9
18.1
15
.1
21.9
18
.6
14.8
17
.8
19.1
16
.0D
issat
isfi e
d w
ith a
mou
nt o
f tim
e sp
ent w
ith d
octo
r/nu
rse
9.8
11.1
10
.1
9.9
8.6
11.9
12
.4
6.4
9.9
11.9
8.
2D
issat
isfi e
d w
ith a
dvic
e gi
ven
at p
rena
tal c
are
6.5
7.0
6.7
7.1
5.0
7.8
8.7
4.0
6.0
7.7
6.4
Diss
atisfi
ed
with
und
erst
andi
ng/r
espe
ct re
ceiv
ed
3.8
3.6
3.8
5.6
2.9†
4.6
4.1†
1.4†
3.7†
4.8
3.4
Nee
ded
to s
ee a
den
tist*
23
.1
20.4
19
.2
18.8
18
.3
17.7
22
.0
15.4
25
.3
18.1
17
.0Re
ceiv
ed d
enta
l car
e 36
.8
37.4
38
.7
30.5
44
.2
30.9
43
.7
59.9
38
.1
33.1
38
.6Re
ceiv
ed a
sea
sona
l fl u
sho
t dur
ing
or b
efor
e pr
egna
ncy
NA
N
A
57.4
53
.1
57.8
55
.6
65.0
74
.0
55.1
52
.5
56.0
Rece
ived
a T
dap
shot
dur
ing
preg
nanc
y or
at d
eliv
ery
NA
N
A
74.9
73
.0
78.9
73
.0
75.4
86
.0
70.0
68
.5
78.0
Med
ical
Con
diti
ons
Dur
ing
Preg
nanc
y
La
bor p
ain
3 w
eeks
bef
ore
due
date
* 15
.0
12.7
11
.8
14.6
11
.9
11.6
11
.2
10.1
12
.8
10.9
11
.7H
igh
bloo
d pr
essu
re
9.7
10.5
11
.2
11.7
9.
1 11
.1
9.4
7.9
17.4
10
.3
11.7
Ges
tatio
nal d
iabe
tes
11.8
12
.2
12.6
12
.5
9.1
17.9
10
.1
6.5
15.2
11
.5
12.4
Prob
lem
s w
ith th
e pl
acen
ta8
4.8
4.5
5.1
7.3
3.8
6.2
4.1
6.2
4.2†
5.3†
5.9
Urin
ary
trac
t inf
ectio
n*
13.2
9.
5 8.
1 12
.6
8.3
7.6
8.1
5.4
6.5
7.7
10.0
Wat
er b
roke
mor
e th
an 3
wee
ks e
arly
4.
4 4.
9 5.
0 8.
3 4.
0† 3.
5† 5.
5 6.
6† 6.
1† 5.
0† 5.
4In
com
pete
nt c
ervi
x 2.
2 2.
0 1.
6 2.
3† 0.
9† 1.
6† 2.
4† 1.
4† 2.
1† 0.
9† 2.
2†
Sexu
ally
tran
smitt
ed d
iseas
e*
3.5
2.1
1.6
3.3†
1.0†
0.5†
1.5†
0.6†
1.4†
2.3†
3.1
Bact
eria
l vag
inos
is 10
.8
10.3
9.
9 12
.4
6.7
10.2
9.
4 6.
2 10
.9
13.1
10
.9Pe
riodo
ntal
dise
ase*
16
.7
15.1
11
.9
13.4
11
.4
10.7
12
.5
9.8
15.0
10
.5
12.1
Ris
k B
ehav
iors
Dur
ing
Preg
nanc
y
Cig
aret
te s
mok
ing*
2.
4 1.
5 1.
5 6.
6 1.
6† 1.
7† 0.
9† 0.
7† 1.
7 0.
4† 1.
2†
Cig
aret
te s
mok
ing/
nico
tine
use9
NA
N
A
2.6
8.1
2.8†
2.8†
1.8†
0.9†
3.7†
0.6†
1.8†
Expo
sure
to s
econ
dhan
d sm
oke10
4.
3 4.
5 4.
5 7.
4 2.
9 9.
0 2.
8 1.
7† 4.
4† 2.
6† 3.
7U
sing
illeg
al d
rugs
or d
rugs
not
pre
scrib
ed b
y a
doct
or11
5.
7 4.
1 5.
5 7.1
4.
8 7.
0 6.
0 7.
5† 5.
5 3.
0† 4.
9U
sing
mar
ijuan
a 1.
8 1.
5 2.
0 2.
9† 2.
4† 1.
1† 1.
9† 4.
4† 3.
0† 0.
6† 2.
0†
Bing
e dr
inki
ng a
lcoh
ol12
N
A
NA
7.
4 5.
5 4.
1 5.
4 11
.7
6.2
9.7
7.8
10.0
Did
not
exe
rcise
dur
ing
preg
nanc
y13*
20.9
23
.0
24.5
27
.0
27.9
22
.9
19.7
17
.1
26.4
26
.4
23.5
15LA
Cou
nty
2016
16H
EALT
H IN
DIC
TORS
FO
R M
OTH
ERS
AN
D B
ABI
ES IN
LO
S A
NG
ELES
CO
UN
TY, 2
016
Perc
enta
ge o
f Mot
hers
Rec
eivi
ng S
easo
nal F
lu S
hot
Dur
ing
or B
efor
e Pr
egna
ncy
by A
ge G
roup
Lo
s A
ngel
es C
ount
y 20
16
Perc
enta
ge o
f Mot
hers
who
did
Not
Exe
rcis
e D
urin
g Pr
egna
ncy
by
Age
Gro
up
Los
Ang
eles
Cou
nty
2016
“I s
tres
s to
fut
ure
mot
hers
to
do m
ore
exer
cise
, w
alki
ng,
and
keep
ing
busy
to
mai
ntai
n a
good
wei
ght
for
preg
nanc
y.
It h
elpe
d m
e a
lot.
” ~2
014
LAM
B M
om
8 Q
uest
ion
aske
d: D
urin
g yo
ur p
regn
ancy
did
you
hav
e an
y of
the
se p
robl
ems?
Res
pond
ents
who
ans
wer
ed
“pro
blem
s w
ith p
lace
nta
(suc
h as
abr
uptio
pla
cent
ae o
r pla
cent
a pr
evia
)” w
ere
code
d as
“pr
oble
ms
with
pl
acen
ta.”
9
Que
stio
n as
ked:
Dur
ing
your
last
pre
gnan
cy, d
id y
ou u
se a
ny o
f the
follo
win
g to
bacc
o/ni
cotin
e pr
oduc
ts?
Re-
spon
dent
s w
ho a
nsw
ered
“ye
s” t
o us
ing
e-ci
gare
ttes
, vap
es, c
hew
ing
toba
cco,
nic
otin
e pa
tch
or o
ther
pro
duct
O
R ci
gare
tte
smok
ing
durin
g pr
egna
ncy
wer
e re
code
d as
“Ci
gare
tte
smok
ing/
nico
tine
use.
”10
Que
stio
n as
ked:
Dur
ing
your
pre
gnan
cy, a
bout
how
man
y ho
urs
a da
y, o
n av
erag
e, w
ere
you
in t
he s
ame
room
w
ith s
omeo
ne w
ho w
as s
mok
ing?
Res
pond
ents
who
indi
cate
d m
ore
than
0 h
ours
wer
e co
ded
as “
expo
sed
to
seco
ndha
nd s
mok
e.”
11 R
espo
nden
ts w
ho a
nsw
ered
“ye
s” w
hen
ques
tione
d ab
out
use
of m
ariju
ana,
has
hish
, tra
nqui
lizer
s,
hallu
cino
gens
, coc
aine
, her
oin,
am
phet
amin
es o
r, pr
escr
iptio
n dr
ugs
not
pres
crib
ed b
y th
eir d
octo
rs w
ere
code
d as
“us
ing
illeg
al d
rugs
or d
rugs
not
pre
scrib
ed b
y a
doct
or.”
12
Que
stio
n as
ked:
“D
urin
g yo
ur p
regn
ancy
(inc
ludi
ng b
efor
e yo
u kn
ew y
ou w
ere
preg
nant
for s
ure)
how
man
y tim
es d
id y
ou d
rink
4 or
mor
e dr
inks
with
alc
ohol
in o
ne s
ittin
g (w
ithin
2 h
ours
)?”
Resp
onde
nts
who
ans
wer
ed
one
or m
ore
times
wer
e re
code
d as
“Bi
nge
drin
king
alc
ohol
.”13
Que
stio
n as
ked:
How
oft
en d
id y
ou e
xerc
ise
for 3
0 m
inut
es o
r mor
e in
the
last
thr
ee m
onth
s of
pre
gnan
cy;
wom
en w
ho w
ere
told
by
a do
ctor
, nur
se, o
r hea
lth c
are
wor
ker n
ot t
o ex
erci
se w
ere
excl
uded
from
the
de
nom
inat
or t
o ca
lcul
ate
prev
alen
ce o
f exe
rcis
e du
ring
last
thr
ee m
onth
s of
pre
gnan
cy.
LA County 2012
(%)
LA County 2014
(%)
LA County 2016
(%)
(%)
(%)
(%)
(%)
(%)
(%)
(%)
(%)
Antelope Valley
(%)
SPA
1
West
(%)
SPA
5
San Gabriel
(%)
SPA
3
East
(%)
SPA
7
San Fernando
(%)
SPA
2
South
(%)
SPA
6
Metro
(%)
SPA
4
South Bay
(%)
SPA
8
Men
tal H
ealt
h D
urin
g Pr
egna
ncy
D
epre
ssed
moo
d14*
29.7
26
.1
25.0
25
.3
24.4
24
.9
25.6
18
.1
29.6
25
.6
23.3
Low
Mat
erna
l Res
ilien
cy15
8.
1 8.
2 7.
9 7.
7 6.
5 9.
7 8.
3 9.
9 9.
8 4.
5 7.
9
Soci
al S
uppo
rt
Diss
atisfi
ed
with
sup
port
giv
en b
y th
e ba
by’s
fath
er16
8.
3 8.
2 6.
9 12
.1
4.1
6.9
7.4
2.5†
8.1
7.6
8.4
Expe
rienc
ed d
omes
tic v
iole
nce/
intim
ate
part
ner a
buse
17
2.3
1.6
1.9
2.5†
14†
2.9†
2.8†
1.1†
1.7†
0.8†
1.9†
Wou
ld h
ave
som
eone
to lo
an m
oney
if n
eede
d18
82.1
82
.5
84.8
84
.5
85.1
82
.5
83.3
94
.5
80.9
84
.6
88.5
Wou
ld h
ave
som
eone
to h
elp
if sic
k 86
.1
87.2
89
.1
89.4
89
.9
90.2
86
.9
96.2
84
.2
87.3
91
.5W
ould
hav
e so
meo
ne to
list
en to
pro
blem
s 85
.1
85.3
87
.7
88.4
89
.9
87.5
86
.7
95.5
83
.4
85.5
88
.8
Soci
al E
nvir
onm
ent
Perc
eive
d ne
ighb
orho
od a
s un
safe
19
14.2
13
.5
14.4
10
.2
10.1
7.
6 19
.3
2.6†
34.0
12
.7
15.0
Stre
ssfu
l Life
Eve
nts
Dur
ing
Preg
nanc
y
Fa
mily
mem
ber h
ad to
go
into
the
hosp
ital
16.1
14
.7
14.5
14
.9
16.8
11
.4
14.0
14
.7
15.6
12
.6
16.1
Div
orce
d/se
para
ted
from
hus
band
/par
tner
8.
1 6.
9 5.
6 6.
3 3.
7 4.
7 6.
3 1.
2† 8.
2 6.
3 7.
2M
oved
to a
new
add
ress
25
.6
24.9
23
.6
31.2
23
.6
23.9
21
.2
23.7
21
.1
23.9
24
.2W
ere
hom
eles
s 4.
6 3.
5 3.
3 6.
7 2.
5† 2.
8† 3.
1† 0.
6† 6.
8 1.
2† 3.
6H
usba
nd/p
artn
er lo
st h
is/he
r job
* 12
.4
10.8
9.
2 10
.1
8.8
8.1
7.8
4.8
11.2
11
.0
10.1
Lost
job
but w
ante
d to
con
tinue
wor
king
* 9.
6 9.
2 7.
2 10
.1
3.7
5.9
7.8
3.7
11.6
8.
1 8.
7A
rgue
d m
ore
than
usu
al w
ith h
usba
nd/p
artn
er
26.3
23
.8
22.8
26
.7
18.8
21
.1
23.4
20
.6
28.5
19
.1
27.5
Had
a lo
t of b
ills
that
cou
ld n
ot b
e pa
id*
18.5
17
.8
14.8
18
.8
10.2
12
.0
16.2
5.
8 25
.1
15.2
15
.9W
ere
in a
phy
sical
fi gh
t*
2.7
2.2
1.7
4.0
1.2†
1.2†
2.0†
1.1†
2.7†
1.3†
1.8†
Hus
band
/par
tner
or s
elf w
ent t
o ja
il*
3.5
2.5
2.1
5.5
1.7†
1.7†
0.9†
0.7†
2.6†
1.5†
3.4†
Som
eone
clo
se h
ad d
rinki
ng o
r dru
g pr
oble
ms
8.
1 7.1
7.
4 10
.1
5.3
4.8
7.8
6.2
11.9
8.
4 8.
0So
meo
ne c
lose
and
impo
rtan
t die
d
12.5
11
.2
11.7
15
.1
12.0
9.
6 9.
6 7.
9 15
.0
12.5
12
.0
Rep
orte
d Ev
er E
xper
ienc
ing
Dis
crim
inat
ion
Any
disc
rimin
atio
n 39
.1
37.8
35
.6
34.8
31
.1
36.9
41
.9
39.9
33
.1
34.6
37
.7A
t wor
k 17
.4
16.8
16
.3
14.2
16
.3
16.3
17
.7
25.0
16
.1
11.1
17
.6W
hen
gett
ing
med
ical
car
e 8.
2 7.
6 6.
4 8.
0 4.
7 5.
3 8.
6 4.
4 7.
6 8.
2 6.
3W
hen
gett
ing
hous
ing*
8.
8 9.
1 7.
0 6.
4 4.
5 8.
7 8.
0 3.
8 8.
5 6.
9 7.
7Be
caus
e of
race
/col
or
20.0
18
.1
15.6
15
.1
11.9
15
.4
16.1
13
.9
20.3
14
.9
17.8
Beca
use
of g
ende
r 11
.6
11.3
12
.5
10.4
11
.3
11.6
15
.1
23.9
9.
5 11
.2
14.1
At h
ome
NA
7.
9 7.1
9.
6 6.
5 9.
0 7.
2 3.
6 5.
4 8.
0 6.
7Be
caus
e of
bre
astf
eedi
ng
NA
5.
9 8.
3 8.
6 6.
5 9.
6 11
.3
10.4
5.
3 7.
9 9.
4Be
caus
e of
pre
gnan
cy
15.1
14
.7
13.0
14
.9
12.1
11
.0
9.8
12.8
16
.6
15.6
12
.6
Psyc
hoso
cial
and
Beh
avio
ral R
isk
Fact
ors
Dur
ing
Preg
nanc
y by
SPA
17LA
Cou
nty
2016
18H
EALT
H IN
DIC
TORS
FO
R M
OTH
ERS
AN
D B
ABI
ES IN
LO
S A
NG
ELES
CO
UN
TY, 2
016
Perc
enta
ge o
f Mot
hers
Rep
orti
ng e
xper
ienc
ing
Any
Typ
e of
D
iscr
imin
atio
n by
Age
Gro
up
Los
Ang
eles
Cou
nty
2016
Perc
enta
ge o
f Mot
hers
wit
h Lo
w M
ater
nal R
esili
ency
by A
ge G
roup
Lo
s A
ngel
es C
ount
y 20
16
“My
part
ner
stru
ggle
s w
ith
addi
ctio
n an
d is
now
rec
eivi
ng
trea
tmen
t. D
urin
g bo
th m
y pr
egna
ncie
s he
was
una
vaila
ble
to m
e fo
r su
ppor
t or
car
e. I
thi
nk i
t's
impo
rtan
t fo
r ot
her
expe
ctin
g m
oms
to k
now
if
they
are
not
hav
ing
an
"ide
al
preg
nanc
y"
that
th
ey
are
NO
T al
one.
M
y pa
rtne
r ha
s no
w b
een
sobe
r on
e ye
ar, a
nd t
hing
s ar
e be
tter
.”
~201
6 LA
MB
Mom
“I fe
el v
ery
fort
unat
e to
hav
e ha
d a
heal
thy
and
easy
pre
gnan
cy, l
ovin
g hu
sban
d, fo
od,
shel
ter a
nd fi
nanc
ial r
esou
rces
for o
ur n
ew
fam
ily.”
~20
16 L
AM
B M
om
† Sig
nifi e
s th
at t
he e
stim
ate
is s
tatis
tical
ly u
nsta
ble
(rel
ativ
e st
anda
rd e
rror
> 2
5%) a
nd t
here
fore
may
not
be
appr
opria
te t
o us
e fo
r pla
nnin
g or
pol
icy
purp
oses
.
* In
dica
tes
sign
ifi ca
nt d
iffer
ence
s be
twee
n 20
12 a
nd 2
016.
14 T
wo-
part
que
stio
n as
ked:
For
2 w
eeks
or l
onge
r dur
ing
your
mos
t re
cent
pre
gnan
cy d
id y
ou fe
el s
ad, e
mpt
y or
dep
ress
ed fo
r mos
t of
the
day
? an
d Fo
r 2 w
eeks
or l
onge
r dur
ing
your
mos
t re
cent
pre
gnan
cy d
id y
ou lo
se
inte
rest
in m
ost
thin
gs li
ke w
ork,
hob
bies
, and
oth
er t
hing
s yo
u us
ually
enj
oyed
? Re
spon
dent
s w
ho a
nsw
ered
“Y
es”
to e
ither
resp
onse
wer
e co
ded
as h
avin
g “d
epre
ssed
moo
d.”
15 L
ow m
ater
nal r
esili
ency
com
bine
d th
e re
spon
ses
of s
even
LA
MB
2016
que
stio
ns t
hat
aske
d m
othe
rs h
ow
stro
ngly
the
y ag
reed
with
sta
tem
ents
abo
ut t
heir
self-
este
em a
nd p
erce
ptio
n th
at t
hey
can
achi
eve
thei
r goa
ls
or c
ompl
ete
task
s an
d co
ntro
l the
eve
nts
affe
ctin
g th
em.
16 Q
uest
ion
aske
d: O
vera
ll, h
ow s
atisfi e
d w
ere
you
with
the
sup
port
giv
en b
y yo
ur b
aby’
s fa
ther
dur
ing
your
pr
egna
ncy?
Res
pond
ents
who
ans
wer
ed “
som
ewha
t di
ssat
isfi e
d” o
r “no
t at
all
satisfi e
d” w
ere
code
d as
“di
s-sa
tisfi e
d.”
17 Q
uest
ion
aske
d: D
urin
g yo
ur la
st p
regn
ancy
, did
the
bab
y’s
fath
er d
o an
y of
the
follo
win
g fo
r you
? H
it or
sla
p yo
u w
hen
he w
as a
ngry
.18
Que
stio
n as
ked:
Dur
ing
your
last
pre
gnan
cy, w
ould
you
hav
e so
meo
ne t
o lo
an y
ou $
50 if
you
had
nee
ded
it?19
Que
stio
n as
ked:
How
wou
ld y
ou p
erce
ive
this
nei
ghbo
rhoo
d in
ter
ms
of it
s sa
fety
from
vio
lenc
e? R
espo
nden
ts
who
ans
wer
ed “
Very
Poo
r” o
r “Po
or”
wer
e re
code
d to
“N
eigh
borh
ood
Uns
afe.
”
Del
iver
y M
etho
dH
ad a
C-s
ectio
n N
A
35.4
32
.7
34.5
35
.9
34.8
31
.8
26.4
30
.3
30.8
32
.2C
-sec
tion
disc
ussio
n in
itiat
ed b
y m
othe
r N
A
11.6
12
.6
8.7
15.4
11
.8
11.6
13
.0
10.9
13
.1
12.3
Reas
on fo
r C-s
ectio
n: H
ad p
revi
ous
C-s
ectio
n N
A
44.6
46
.2
55.2
46
.4
48.3
39
.4
30.3
50
.3
54.6
38
.1Re
ason
for C
-sec
tion:
Bab
y w
as in
wro
ng p
ositi
on
NA
16
.9
16.2
14
.6
15.8
17
.5
19.9
26
.3
10.8
† 18
.4
12.5
Reas
on fo
r C-s
ectio
n: L
abor
was
taki
ng to
o lo
ng
NA
15
.8
12.6
9.
1† 12
.0
11.6
† 15
.0
15.5
12
.5†
9.9†
16.2
Mat
erna
l Pos
tpar
tum
Hea
lth
Had
a p
ostp
artu
m c
heck
-up
89.9
92
.1
90.7
84
.2
93.2
91
.1
89.1
96
.2
87.0
91
.4
90.6
Fam
ily p
lann
ing
disc
usse
d du
ring
chec
k-up
90
.1
89.3
90
.5
93.8
92
.5
84.8
91
.8
90.4
90
.0
91.4
93
.0Re
ceiv
ed h
ome
visit
atio
n se
rvic
es
NA
N
A
12.2
20
.8
13.0
5.
6 8.
1 3.
3 16
.3
12.6
19
.1D
epre
ssed
moo
d sin
ce b
irth
of b
aby20
N
A
NA
25
.2
24.4
25
.2
28.1
22
.1
16.9
28
.7
23.4
24
.8
Infa
nt H
ealt
h &
Wel
l-be
ing
Pret
erm
/Low
Bir
th W
eigh
t
Pret
erm
9.
7 9.
1 8.
1 8.
7 7.
6 7.
5 9.
4 6.
2 8.
8 7.
5 9.
2Lo
w B
irth
Wei
ght
7.5
6.4
6.8
8.5
6.8
5.3
8.2
5.8
8.3
7.0
6.4
Infa
nt H
ealt
h
C
urre
ntly
read
ing
to b
aby*
74
.0
79.7
85
.2
86.4
87
.8
82.5
85
.4
92.3
83
.6
82.6
85
.8H
ad a
wel
l-bab
y ch
eck-
up
97.1
97
.2
98.1
95
.9
99.0
97
.8
98.5
99
.0
97.1
98
.3
98.1
Bre
astf
eedi
ng P
ract
ice
Any
bre
astf
eedi
ng a
t 1 w
eek
NA
N
A
88.8
83
.9
89.3
88
.2
93.5
96
.7
83.5
87
.5
90.6
Excl
usiv
e br
east
feed
ing
at 1
wee
k N
A
NA
55
.7
56.1
56
.8
55.3
58
.0
70.1
45
.9
51.1
61
.1A
ny b
reas
tfee
ding
at 1
mon
th
NA
N
A
82.9
77
.1
83.5
83
.6
86.7
94
.5
74.8
79
.7
86.5
Excl
usiv
e br
east
feed
ing
at 1
mon
th
NA
N
A
51.1
48
.3
53.1
53
.0
49.7
69
.5
40.0
45
.6
55.8
Any
bre
astf
eedi
ng a
t 3 m
onth
s N
A
NA
70
.8
59.9
71
.4
71.9
77
.4
90.1
58
.9
67.9
74
.2Ex
clus
ive
brea
stfe
edin
g at
3 m
onth
s N
A
NA
43
.2
33.3
44
.1
46.9
42
.7
68.6
28
.8
39.4
47
.6
Post
part
um H
ealt
h &
Wel
l-be
ing
by
SPA
19
LA County 2012
(%)
LA County 2014
(%)
LA County 2016
(%)
Antelope Valley
(%)
SPA
1
West
(%)
SPA
5
San Gabriel
(%)
SPA
3
East
(%)
SPA
7
SanFernando
(%)
SPA
2
South
(%)
SPA
6
Metro
(%)
SPA
4
South Bay
(%)
SPA
8
LA C
ount
y 20
16
20H
EALT
H IN
DIC
TORS
FO
R M
OTH
ERS
AN
D B
ABI
ES IN
LO
S A
NG
ELES
CO
UN
TY, 2
016
Perc
enta
ge o
f Mot
hers
wit
h B
abie
s Sl
eepi
ng S
upin
e (o
n th
eir
back
) by
Age
Gro
up
Los
Ang
eles
Cou
nty
2016
Perc
enta
ge o
f Mot
hers
Dis
cuss
ing
Fam
ily P
lann
ing
Dur
ing
Post
part
um C
heck
up b
y A
ge G
roup
Los
Ang
eles
Cou
nty
2016
Bab
y’s
Slee
p En
viro
nmen
t21
Slee
ps o
n hi
s/he
r sid
e*
20.0
12
.8
10.8
10
.1
12.0
11
.5
12.6
7.
9 11
.6
10.4
8.
1Sl
eeps
on
his/
her b
ack*
75
.4
82.7
85
.0
82.9
84
.1
84.8
84
.1
87.2
83
.3
86.7
87
.4Sl
eeps
on
his/
her s
tom
ach
5.2
4.6
4.1
7.1
3.9
3.7†
3.3
4.9
5.1
2.9†
4.5
Ever
sle
pt w
ith a
noth
er p
erso
n22*
76.9
75
.3
72.6
75
.2
67.5
78
.3
74.4
60
.8
76.7
70
.9
72.4
LA County 2012
(%)
LA County 2014
(%)
LA County 2016
(%)
Antelope Valley
(%)
SPA
1
West
(%)
SPA
5
San Gabriel
(%)
SPA
3
East
(%)
SPA
7
SanFernando
(%)
SPA
2
South
(%)
SPA
6
Metro
(%)
SPA
4
South Bay
(%)
SPA
8
LA C
ount
y 20
16
† Sig
nifi e
s th
at t
he e
stim
ate
is s
tatis
tical
ly u
nsta
ble
(rel
ativ
e st
anda
rd e
rror
> 2
5%) a
nd t
here
fore
may
not
be
appr
opria
te t
o us
e fo
r pla
nnin
g or
pol
icy
purp
oses
.
* In
dica
tes
sign
ifi ca
nt d
iffer
ence
s be
twee
n 20
12 a
nd 2
016.
20 Tw
o-pa
rt q
uest
ion
aske
d: F
or 2
wee
ks o
r lon
ger s
ince
you
r mos
t re
cent
pre
gnan
cy d
id y
ou fe
el s
ad, e
mpt
y or
dep
ress
ed fo
r mos
t of
the
day
? an
d Fo
r 2 w
eeks
or l
onge
r dur
ing
your
mos
t re
cent
pre
gnan
cy d
id y
ou lo
se in
tere
st in
mos
t th
ings
like
wor
k, h
obbi
es, a
nd o
ther
thi
ngs
you
usua
lly e
njoy
ed?
Resp
onde
nts
who
ans
wer
ed “
Yes”
to
eith
er re
spon
se
wer
e co
ded
as h
avin
g “d
epre
ssed
moo
d si
nce
birt
h of
bab
y.”
21 A
vera
ge a
ge o
f bab
ies
at t
ime
of in
terv
iew
was
5.5
mon
ths.
22 Q
uest
ion
aske
d: H
ow o
ften
doe
s yo
ur n
ew b
aby
slee
p in
the
sam
e be
d w
ith y
ou o
r any
one
else
? Th
ose
who
resp
onde
d “A
lway
s,”
“Fre
quen
tly,”
“So
met
imes
,” o
r “Ra
rely
” w
ere
reco
ded
as “
Ever
sle
pt w
ith a
noth
er p
erso
n.”
LA County 2012
(%)
LA County 2014
(%)
LA County 2016
(%)
(%)
(%)
(%)
(%)
(%)
First District
(%)
Fifth District
(%)
Third District
(%)
SecondDistrict
(%)
FourthDistrict
(%)
Hea
lth
Insu
ranc
e C
over
age
Bef
ore
Preg
nanc
y
Uni
nsur
ed*
35.8
32
.9
18.6
25
.7
22.4
17
.8
14.5
11
.7O
n M
edi-C
al*
22.3
20
.8
30.1
34
.8
39.8
25
.2
25.2
23
.2Em
ploy
er b
ased
& P
rivat
e N
A
39.1
40
.4
28.9
29
.8
45.6
46
.3
53.9
Cov
ered
CA
& In
sura
nce
thro
ugh
pare
nts
NA
2.
1 4.
8 5.
4 3.
0 5.
4 6.
4 4.
1
Pre-
preg
nanc
y H
ealt
h B
ehav
iors
and
Exp
erie
nces
Was
die
ting
6 m
onth
s be
fore
pre
gnan
cy
NA
35
.2
35.8
34
.2
34.6
36
.8
35.1
38
.6W
as e
xerc
ising
3+
days
/wk
befo
re p
regn
ancy
N
A
54.3
54
.0
51.7
52
.7
55.1
59
.0
52.8
Was
regu
larly
taki
ng p
resc
riptio
n m
edic
ine
NA
12
.4
13.1
10
.8
13.2
13
.7
14.6
13
.7N
o pr
econ
cept
ion
heal
th c
ouns
elin
g¹
68.6
72
.6
70.1
76
.1
71.6
63
.8
68.1
69
.0N
ot ta
king
a m
ultiv
itam
in
47.5
49
.9
45.5
50
.3
52.4
39
.4
39.8
42
.8La
ck o
f fol
ic a
cid
know
ledg
e 67
.9
65.2
68
.1
71.7
76
.4
61.8
65
.3
62.9
Did
not
hav
e en
ough
mon
ey fo
r foo
d 5.
5 5.
1 4.
3 5.
0 6.
0 3.
3 3.
5 3.
3Sm
oked
cig
aret
tes
in th
e 6
mon
ths
befo
re p
regn
ancy
8.
7 7.
2 7.
3 5.
5 7.
3 9.
7 7.
6 7.
0C
igar
ette
sm
okin
g/ni
cotin
e us
e in
the
6 m
onth
s be
fore
pre
gnan
cy2
NA
N
A
11.6
8.
4 11
.7
14.6
12
.7
11.5
She
or h
er p
artn
er tr
avel
led
to o
r res
ided
in a
regi
on w
ith Z
ika
viru
s3 N
A
NA
6.
4 6.
1† 7.
9† 4.
3† 7.
3† 5.
9†
Chi
ldho
od E
xper
ienc
es4
Did
not
hav
e an
adu
lt w
ho b
elie
ved
in th
em
NA
N
A
12.4
15
.7
14.0
9.
5 10
.0
11.6
Pare
nt/g
uard
ian
got d
ivor
ced
or s
epar
ated
N
A
NA
30
.3
31.6
34
.7
27.6
30
.7
26.1
Prob
lem
s pa
ying
the
rent
/mor
tgag
e N
A
NA
14
.8
14.0
19
.1
11.0
15
.1
13.7
Wen
t hun
gry
beca
use
they
cou
ld n
ot a
fford
food
N
A
NA
10
.1
10.5
12
.8
6.4
11.0
9.
2Pa
rent
/gua
rdia
n w
ent t
o ja
il N
A
NA
8.
7 10
.1
10.1
5.
9 9.
0 7.
6Pa
rent
/gua
rdia
n ha
d dr
inki
ng o
r dru
g pr
oble
m
NA
N
A
15.8
16
.8
17.9
12
.9
17.7
13
.5W
as in
fost
er c
are
NA
N
A
2.3
2.9†
3.5
1.6†
1.7
1.7
Fam
ily P
lann
ing
Prac
tice
s
Unw
ante
d/m
istim
ed p
regn
ancy
by
mot
her5
46.6
44
.9
42.7
47
.6
49.8
36
.8
40.1
37
.2U
nwan
ted
preg
nanc
y by
par
tner
6 28
.0
31.0
29
.4
31.4
33
.0
26.5
28
.3
26.9
Usin
g bi
rth
cont
rol w
hen
they
bec
ame
preg
nant
7 *
28.9
24
.9
23.5
28
.0
24.4
20
.3
20.8
22
.7Re
ceiv
ed fe
rtili
ty tr
eatm
ent
5.6
4.6
5.0
3.8
4.2
7.2
5.1
5.4
Ever
use
d em
erge
ncy
cont
race
ptio
n*
19.5
23
.6
27.9
24
.7
27.5
30
.6
30.0
27
.3
Pre-
preg
nanc
y H
ealt
h &
Wel
l-be
ing
by S
uper
viso
ry D
istr
ict
21LA
Cou
nty
2016
LA County 2012
(%)
LA County 2014
(%)
LA County 2016
(%)
(%)
(%)
(%)
(%)
(%)
First District
(%)
Fifth District
(%)
Third District
(%)
SecondDistrict
(%)
FourthDistrict
(%)
22
LA C
ount
y 20
16
Pre-
preg
nanc
y H
ealt
h C
ondi
tion
s
O
verw
eigh
t/O
bese
44
.9
47.9
49
.6
50.3
55
.7
44.9
48
.2
47.4
Ast
hma
5.
0 5.
7 5.
4 5.
2 6.
4 4.
6 4.
5 6.
1H
igh
bloo
d pr
essu
re
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.0
4.3
2.3
3.7
4.2
Dia
bete
s
2.8
2.5
3.0
3.2
4.4
1.6†
2.2†
3.0
Ane
mia
11
.8
10.9
9.
6 10
.5
11.0
8.
3 8.
3 9.
5D
epre
ssed
moo
d 11
.0
10.0
9.
6 9.
1 11
.8
6.8
10.4
9.
1Pe
riodo
ntal
dise
ase
9.
5 9.
6 8.
0 8.
1 10
.4
6.5
6.9
7.7
Obs
tetr
ic H
isto
ry
Pr
evio
us p
rete
rm b
irth
8.0
6.9
7.3
7.1
7.5
6.0
9.1
6.8
Prev
ious
low
birt
h w
eigh
t 5.
6 5.
6 6.
5 6.
7 6.
6 5.
4 7.
4 6.
2St
illbi
rth
(pre
gnan
cy th
at d
id n
ot re
sult
in a
live
birt
h)
1.3
1.6
1.4
2.2†
1.8†
0.9†
1.3†
0.8†
Prev
ious
misc
arria
ge
19.5
21
.2
21.3
19
.2
23.1
19
.6
19.4
24
.4Pr
evio
us a
bort
ion
15.2
15
.8
14.7
14
.6
16.0
11
.0
15.8
15
.2
† Si
gnifi
es t
hat
the
estim
ate
is s
tatis
tical
ly u
nsta
ble
(rel
ativ
e st
anda
rd e
rror
> 2
5%) a
nd t
here
fore
may
not
be
appr
opria
te t
o us
e fo
r pla
nnin
g or
pol
icy
purp
oses
.
* In
dica
tes
sign
ifi ca
nt d
iffer
ence
s be
twee
n 20
12 a
nd 2
016.
1
Que
stio
n as
ked:
Dur
ing
the
six
mon
ths
befo
re y
ou g
ot p
regn
ant
with
you
r new
bab
y, d
id y
ou t
alk
to a
doc
tor,
nurs
e, o
r oth
er h
ealth
car
e w
orke
r abo
ut h
ow t
o pr
epar
e fo
r a h
ealth
y pr
egna
ncy
and
baby
?
² Q
uest
ion
aske
d: In
the
six
mon
ths
befo
re y
ou g
ot p
regn
ant,
did
you
use
any
of t
he fo
llow
ing
toba
cco/
nico
tine
prod
ucts
? Re
spon
dent
s w
ho a
nsw
ered
“ye
s” t
o us
ing
e-ci
gare
ttes
, vap
es, c
hew
ing
toba
cco,
nic
otin
e pa
tch
or
othe
r pro
duct
OR
ciga
rett
e sm
okin
g w
ere
reco
ded
as “
Ciga
rett
e sm
okin
g/ni
cotin
e us
e in
the
6 m
onth
s be
fore
pr
egna
ncy.
”3 Q
uest
ion
aske
d: D
id y
ou, o
r you
r sex
ual p
artn
er, t
rave
l to
or re
side
in a
regi
on w
ith o
ngoi
ng Z
ika
Viru
s tr
ansm
issi
on (M
exic
o, C
entr
al a
nd S
outh
Am
eric
a, C
arib
bean
, New
Gui
nea,
Sam
oa, F
iji, M
arsh
all I
slan
ds,
Pala
u, S
inga
pore
, Ton
ga) i
n th
e 3
mon
ths
befo
re o
r dur
ing
your
mos
t re
cent
pre
gnan
cy?
4 Q
uest
ion
stat
ed: P
leas
e te
ll us
if a
ny o
f the
se t
hing
s ev
er h
appe
ned
to y
ou fr
om b
irth
thro
ugh
age
13.
5 Q
uest
ion
aske
d: T
hink
ing
back
to
just
bef
ore
you
got
preg
nant
with
you
r new
bab
y, h
ow d
id y
ou fe
el a
bout
be
com
ing
preg
nant
? Re
spon
dent
s w
ho a
nsw
ered
, “I w
ante
d to
be
preg
nant
late
r” o
r “I d
idn’
t w
ant
to b
e pr
egna
nt t
hen
or a
ny t
ime
in t
he fu
ture
” w
ere
code
d as
“U
nwan
ted
or m
istim
ed.”
6 Q
uest
ion
aske
d: Ju
st b
efor
e yo
u go
t pr
egna
nt w
ith y
our n
ew b
aby,
how
did
you
r hus
band
or p
artn
er fe
el
abou
t yo
u be
com
ing
preg
nant
? Re
spon
dent
s w
ho a
nsw
ered
, “H
e w
ante
d m
e to
be
preg
nant
late
r” o
r “H
e di
dn’t
wan
t m
e to
be
preg
nant
the
n or
any
tim
e in
the
futu
re”
wer
e co
ded
as “
Unw
ante
d pr
egna
ncy
by fa
-th
er.”
Res
pond
ents
who
ans
wer
ed, “
I don
’t k
now
” or
“I d
idn’
t ha
ve a
hus
band
or p
artn
er”
wer
e co
ded
mis
sing
fo
r thi
s fi e
ld.
7 Q
uest
ion
aske
d: B
efor
e yo
u go
t pr
egna
nt w
ith y
our n
ew b
aby,
wer
e yo
u us
ing
any
met
hod
of b
irth
cont
rol?
Re
spon
dent
s w
ho a
nsw
ered
“Ye
s, a
ll th
e tim
e” o
r “Ye
s, s
omet
imes
” w
ere
code
d as
“us
ing
birt
h co
ntro
l bef
ore
gett
ing
preg
nant
”.
“I s
uffe
red
anxi
ety
and
depr
essi
on
durin
g pr
egna
ncy
and
coul
d no
t fi n
d m
enta
l hea
lth s
ervi
ces
targ
eted
tow
ards
pr
egna
nt w
omen
. I s
ough
t ou
t m
enta
l he
alth
ser
vice
s in
stea
d, b
ut it
was
ve
ry d
iffi c
ult.
” ~2
016
LAM
B M
om
HEA
LTH
IND
ICTO
RS F
OR
MO
THER
S A
ND
BA
BIES
IN L
OS
AN
GEL
ES C
OU
NTY
, 201
6
First District
Fifth District
(%)
Third District
(%)
SecondDistrict
(%)
FourthDistrict
(%)
LA County 2012
(%)
LA County 2014
(%)
LA County 2016
(%)
(%)
(%)
(%)
(%)
(%)
Pren
atal
Car
e
Ente
red
pren
atal
car
e af
ter 1
st tr
imes
ter
9.5
8.6
8.2
8.9
9.8
5.9
8.9
7.1D
id n
ot g
et p
rena
tal c
are
as e
arly
as
wan
ted
13.4
13
.4
10.9
10
.9
13.0
8.
2 10
.2
11.4
Trav
eled
15
mile
s or
mor
e fo
r pre
nata
l car
e 11
.2
10.8
9.
8 8.
0 9.
2 6.
8 8.
3 15
.6D
issat
isfi e
d w
ith a
mou
nt o
f wai
t tim
e at
pre
nata
l car
e 18
.0
19.7
17
.9
20.4
16
.9
14.9
17
.6
19.0
Diss
atisfi
ed
with
am
ount
of t
ime
spen
t with
doc
tor/
nurs
e 9.
8 11
.1
10.1
12
.6
8.5
7.4
10.7
10
.9D
issat
isfi e
d w
ith a
dvic
e gi
ven
at p
rena
tal c
are
6.5
7.0
6.7
7.4
5.5
3.9
7.6
8.5
Diss
atisfi
ed
with
und
erst
andi
ng/r
espe
ct re
ceiv
ed
3.8
3.6
3.8
4.7
3.9
2.6†
3.3
4.1
Nee
ded
to s
ee a
den
tist*
23
.1
20.4
19
.2
19.1
23
.9
18.9
15
.3
17.6
Rece
ived
den
tal c
are
36.8
37
.4
38.7
31
.0
40.1
46
.7
39.3
38
.1Re
ceiv
ed a
sea
sona
l fl u
sho
t dur
ing
or b
efor
e pr
egna
ncy
NA
N
A
57.4
56
.1
58.4
61
.2
56.8
55
.2Re
ceiv
ed a
Tda
p sh
ot d
urin
g pr
egna
ncy
or a
t del
iver
y N
A
NA
74
.9
69.8
73
.3
79.8
77
.1
75.7
Med
ical
Con
diti
ons
Dur
ing
Preg
nanc
y
Labo
r pai
n 3
wee
ks b
efor
e du
e da
te*
15.0
12
.7
11.8
12
.2
11.5
11
.1
11.6
12
.2H
igh
bloo
d pr
essu
re
9.7
10.5
11
.2
9.5
14.5
8.
1 12
.1
11.4
Ges
tatio
nal d
iabe
tes
11.8
12
.2
12.6
14
.1
14.4
8.
4 12
.1
12.8
Prob
lem
s w
ith th
e pl
acen
ta8
4.8
4.5
5.1
6.1
3.9
2.7
5.9
6.8
Urin
ary
trac
t inf
ectio
n*
13.2
9.
5 8.
1 8.
9 7.
9 7.
2 7.
6 8.
6W
ater
bro
ke m
ore
than
3 w
eeks
ear
ly
4.4
4.9
5.0
5.1
5.9
4.1
5.2
4.4
Inco
mpe
tent
cer
vix
2.2
2.0
1.6
1.6†
2.4†
1.1†
1.2†
1.6†
Sexu
ally
tran
smitt
ed d
iseas
e*
3.5
2.1
1.6
1.5†
1.5
0.5*
2.
7† 1.
5†
Bact
eria
l vag
inos
is 10
.8
10.3
9.
9 13
.6
11.0
7.
7 8.
4 7.
9Pe
riodo
ntal
dise
ase*
16
.7
15.1
11
.9
11.3
14
.1
11.8
10
.6
11.2
Ris
k B
ehav
iors
Dur
ing
Preg
nanc
y
Sm
okin
g*
2.4
1.5
1.5
1.4†
1.3
1.4†
1.1†
2.4
Cig
aret
te s
mok
ing/
nico
tine
use9
NA
N
A
2.6
1.7†
2.3
2.8†
2.1†
3.9†
Expo
sure
to s
econ
dhan
d sm
oke10
4.
3 4.
5 4.
5 6.
7 4.
3 2.
6 2.
6 5.
6U
sing
illeg
al d
rugs
or d
rugs
not
pre
scrib
ed b
y a
doct
or11
5.
7 4.
1 5.
5 5.
9 6.
2 5.
3 4.
0 5.
7U
sing
mar
ijuan
a 1.
8 1.
5 2.
0 1.
0† 2.
8† 3.
1 2.
3† 1.
2†
Bing
e dr
inki
ng a
lcoh
ol12
N
A
NA
7.
4 8.
1 9.
9 4.
3 8.
6 5.
4D
id n
ot e
xerc
ise d
urin
g pr
egna
ncy13
* 20
.9
23.0
24
.5
22.2
25
.7
23.7
24
.9
25.7
Pren
atal
Car
e an
d M
ater
nal
Ris
k Fa
ctor
s D
urin
g Pr
egna
ncy
by S
uper
viso
ry D
istr
ict
LA C
ount
y 20
1623
8 Q
uest
ion
aske
d: D
urin
g yo
ur p
regn
ancy
did
you
hav
e an
y of
the
se p
robl
ems?
Res
pond
ents
who
ans
wer
ed “
prob
lem
s w
ith
plac
enta
(suc
h as
abr
uptio
pla
cent
ae o
r pla
cent
a pr
evia
)” w
ere
code
d as
“pr
oble
ms
with
pla
cent
a.”
9 Q
uest
ion
aske
d: D
urin
g yo
ur la
st p
regn
ancy
, did
you
use
any
of t
he fo
llow
ing
toba
cco/
nico
tine
prod
ucts
? Re
spon
dent
s w
ho
answ
ered
“ye
s” t
o us
ing
e-ci
gare
ttes
, vap
es, c
hew
ing
toba
cco,
nic
otin
e pa
tch
or o
ther
pro
duct
OR
ciga
rett
e sm
okin
g du
ring
preg
nanc
y w
ere
reco
ded
as “
Ciga
rett
e sm
okin
g/ni
cotin
e us
e.”
10 Q
uest
ion
aske
d: D
urin
g yo
ur p
regn
ancy
, abo
ut h
ow m
any
hour
s a
day,
on
aver
age,
wer
e yo
u in
the
sam
e ro
om w
ith s
omeo
ne
who
was
sm
okin
g? R
espo
nden
ts w
ho in
dica
ted
mor
e th
an 0
hou
rs w
ere
code
d as
“ex
pose
d to
sec
ondh
and
smok
e.”
11 R
espo
nden
ts w
ho a
nsw
ered
“ye
s” w
hen
ques
tione
d ab
out
use
of m
ariju
ana,
has
hish
, tra
nqui
lizer
s,
hallu
cino
gens
, coc
aine
, her
oin,
am
phet
amin
es o
r, pr
escr
iptio
n dr
ugs
not
pres
crib
ed b
y th
eir d
octo
rs w
ere
code
d as
“us
ing
illeg
al
drug
s or
dru
gs n
ot p
resc
ribed
by
a do
ctor
.”
12 Q
uest
ion
aske
d: “
Dur
ing
your
pre
gnan
cy (i
nclu
ding
bef
ore
you
knew
you
wer
e pr
egna
nt fo
r sur
e) h
ow m
any
times
did
you
drin
k 4
or m
ore
drin
ks w
ith a
lcoh
ol in
one
sitt
ing
(with
in 2
hou
rs)?
” Re
spon
dent
s w
ho a
nsw
ered
one
or m
ore
times
wer
e re
code
d as
“B
inge
drin
king
alc
ohol
.”13
Que
stio
n as
ked:
How
oft
en d
id y
ou e
xerc
ise
for 3
0 m
inut
es o
r mor
e in
the
last
thr
ee m
onth
s of
pre
gnan
cy; w
omen
who
wer
e to
ld b
y a
doct
or, n
urse
, or h
ealth
car
e w
orke
r not
to
exer
cise
wer
e ex
clud
ed fr
om t
he d
enom
inat
or t
o ca
lcul
ate
prev
alen
ce o
f ex
erci
se d
urin
g la
st t
hree
mon
ths
of p
regn
ancy
.
24
Perc
enta
ge o
f Mot
hers
Lac
king
Kno
wle
dge
of F
olic
Aci
d B
enefi
ts
by
Age
Gro
up
Los
Ang
eles
Cou
nty
2016
Perc
enta
ge o
f Mot
hers
Eve
r U
sing
Em
erge
ncy
Con
trac
epti
on b
y A
ge G
roup
Lo
s A
ngel
es C
ount
y 20
16
HEA
LTH
IND
ICTO
RS F
OR
MO
THER
S A
ND
BA
BIES
IN L
OS
AN
GEL
ES C
OU
NTY
, 201
6
First District
(%)
Fifth District
(%)
Third District
(%)
SecondDistrict
(%)
FourthDistrict
(%)
LA County 2012
(%)
LA County 2014
(%)
LA County 2016
(%)
(%)
(%)
(%)
(%)
(%)
Men
tal H
ealt
h D
urin
g Pr
egna
ncy
Dep
ress
ed m
ood14
* 29
.7
26.1
25
.0
26.8
28
.3
22.5
21
.8
24.6
Low
Mat
erna
l Res
ilien
cy15
8.
1 8.
2 7.
9 7.
3 9.
5 5.
0 7.
5 9.
5
Soci
al S
uppo
rt
D
issat
isfi e
d w
ith s
uppo
rt g
iven
by
the
baby
’s fa
ther
16
8.3
8.2
6.9
7.8
8.6
3.9
5.8
7.2
Expe
rienc
ed d
omes
tic v
iole
nce/
intim
ate
part
ner a
buse
17
2.3
1.6
1.9
2.4†
1.6†
1.3†
1.6†
2.5†
Wou
ld h
ave
som
eone
to lo
an m
oney
if n
eede
d18
82.1
82
.5
84.8
81
.9
82.1
84
.5
89.0
87
.1W
ould
hav
e so
meo
ne to
hel
p if
sick
86.1
87
.2
89.1
86
.0
86.3
90
.7
91.9
91
.6W
ould
hav
e so
meo
ne to
list
en to
pro
blem
s 85
.1
85.3
87
.7
84.6
85
.1
89.9
90
.0
90.0
Soci
al E
nvir
onm
ent
Pe
rcei
ved
neig
hbor
hood
as
unsa
fe19
14
.2
13.5
14
.4
16.8
26
.2
9.9
10.2
6.
7
Stre
ssfu
l Life
Eve
nts
Dur
ing
Preg
nanc
y
Fam
ily m
embe
r had
to g
o in
to th
e ho
spita
l 16
.1
14.7
14
.5
11.9
15
.7
14.4
13
.0
16.9
Div
orce
d/se
para
ted
from
hus
band
/par
tner
8.
1 6.
9 5.
6 6.
4 7.
3 3.
4† 6.
6 3.
8M
oved
to a
new
add
ress
25
.6
24.9
23
.6
24.5
21
.1
21.6
24
.5
25.9
Wer
e ho
mel
ess
4.6
3.5
3.3
3.0
5.2
3.1
2.3
2.5
Hus
band
/par
tner
lost
his/
her j
ob*
12.4
10
.8
9.2
10.8
10
.7
7.7
8.9
7.6
Lost
job
but w
ante
d to
con
tinue
wor
king
* 9.
6 9.
2 7.
2 7.
9 10
.0
3.1
7.2
6.8
Arg
ued
mor
e th
an u
sual
with
hus
band
/par
tner
26
.3
23.8
22
.8
19.9
27
.1
19.9
23
.9
22.3
Had
a lo
t of b
ills
that
cou
ld n
ot b
e pa
id*
18.5
17
.8
14.8
18
.2
21.3
9.
1 12
.2
11.2
Wer
e in
a p
hysic
al fi
ght*
2.
7 2.
2 1.
7 1.
5† 2.
3 1.
4† 1.
5† 1.
7†
Hus
band
/par
tner
or s
elf w
ent t
o ja
il*
3.5
2.5
2.1
1.7†
2.5
1.6†
1.9†
2.6
Som
eone
clo
se h
ad d
rinki
ng o
r dru
g pr
oble
ms
8.
1 7.1
7.
4 6.
9 9.
2 5.
8 9.
0 6.
0So
meo
ne c
lose
and
impo
rtan
t die
d
12.5
11
.2
11.7
11
.5
13.5
11
.1
11.3
10
.7
Rep
orte
d Ev
er E
xper
ienc
ing
Dis
crim
inat
ion
A
ny d
iscrim
inat
ion
39.1
37
.8
35.6
36
.7
36.8
32
.3
37.8
33
.8A
t wor
k 17
.4
16.8
16
.3
12.6
16
.5
18.4
18
.8
16.0
Whe
n ge
ttin
g m
edic
al c
are
8.2
7.6
6.4
7.8
7.6
4.5
6.2
5.4
Whe
n ge
ttin
g ho
usin
g*
9.1
8.0
7.0
8.7
8.7
4.4
6.5
6.2
Beca
use
of ra
ce/c
olor
18
.1
15.5
15
.6
15.1
19
.0
11.4
16
.9
14.7
Beca
use
of g
ende
r 11
.3
11.1
12
.5
9.2
12.1
13
.3
15.0
13
.4A
t hom
e N
A
7.9
7.1
8.8
5.9
5.9
6.7
8.1
Beca
use
of b
reas
tfee
ding
N
A
5.9
8.3
8.3
8.0
6.6
9.7
8.8
Beca
use
of p
regn
ancy
14
.7
14.9
13
.0
11.9
14
.1
12.4
14
.3
12.2
Psyc
hoso
cial
and
Beh
avio
ral
Ris
k Fa
ctor
s D
urin
g Pr
egna
ncy
by S
uper
viso
ry D
istr
ict
25
LA C
ount
y 20
16
† Sig
nifi e
s th
at t
he e
stim
ate
is s
tatis
tical
ly u
nsta
ble
(rel
ativ
e st
anda
rd e
rror
> 2
5%) a
nd t
here
fore
may
not
be
appr
opria
te t
o us
e fo
r pla
nnin
g or
pol
icy
purp
oses
.
* In
dica
tes
sign
ifi ca
nt d
iffer
ence
s be
twee
n 20
12 a
nd 2
016.
14 T
wo-
part
que
stio
n as
ked:
For
2 w
eeks
or l
onge
r dur
ing
your
mos
t re
cent
pre
gnan
cy d
id y
ou fe
el s
ad, e
mpt
y or
dep
ress
ed fo
r mos
t of
the
day
? an
d Fo
r 2 w
eeks
or l
onge
r dur
ing
your
mos
t re
cent
pre
gnan
cy d
id y
ou lo
se
inte
rest
in m
ost
thin
gs li
ke w
ork,
hob
bies
, and
oth
er t
hing
s yo
u us
ually
enj
oyed
? Re
spon
dent
s w
ho a
nsw
ered
“Y
es”
to e
ither
resp
onse
wer
e co
ded
as h
avin
g “d
epre
ssed
moo
d.”
15 L
ow m
ater
nal r
esili
ency
com
bine
d th
e re
spon
ses
of s
even
LA
MB
2016
que
stio
ns t
hat
aske
d m
othe
rs h
ow
stro
ngly
the
y ag
reed
with
sta
tem
ents
abo
ut t
heir
self-
este
em a
nd p
erce
ptio
n th
at t
hey
can
achi
eve
thei
r goa
ls
or c
ompl
ete
task
s an
d co
ntro
l the
eve
nts
affe
ctin
g th
em.
16 Q
uest
ion
aske
d: O
vera
ll, h
ow s
atisfi e
d w
ere
you
with
the
sup
port
giv
en b
y yo
ur b
aby’
s fa
ther
dur
ing
your
pr
egna
ncy?
Res
pond
ents
who
ans
wer
ed “
som
ewha
t di
ssat
isfi e
d” o
r “no
t at
all
satisfi e
d” w
ere
code
d as
“di
s-sa
tisfi e
d.”
17 Q
uest
ion
aske
d: D
urin
g yo
ur la
st p
regn
ancy
, did
the
bab
y’s
fath
er d
o an
y of
the
follo
win
g fo
r you
? H
it or
sla
p yo
u w
hen
he w
as a
ngry
.18
Que
stio
n as
ked:
Dur
ing
your
last
pre
gnan
cy, w
ould
you
hav
e so
meo
ne t
o lo
an y
ou $
50 if
you
had
nee
ded
it?19
Que
stio
n as
ked:
How
wou
ld y
ou p
erce
ive
this
nei
ghbo
rhoo
d in
ter
ms
of it
s sa
fety
from
vio
lenc
e? R
espo
nden
ts
who
ans
wer
ed “
Very
Poo
r” o
r “Po
or”
wer
e re
code
d to
“N
eigh
borh
ood
Uns
afe.
”
Perc
enta
ge o
f Mot
hers
Ove
rwei
ght
or O
bese
Bef
ore
Preg
nanc
y by
Age
Gro
upLo
s A
ngel
es C
ount
y 20
16
Perc
enta
ge o
f Mot
hers
who
Sm
oked
in t
he 6
Mon
ths
Bef
ore
Preg
nanc
y by
Age
Gro
upLo
s A
ngel
es C
ount
y 20
16
26H
EALT
H IN
DIC
TORS
FO
R M
OTH
ERS
AN
D B
ABI
ES IN
LO
S A
NG
ELES
CO
UN
TY, 2
016
27
LA County 2012
(%)
LA County 2014
(%)
LA County 2016
(%)
(%)
(%)
(%)
(%)
(%)
First District
(%)
Fifth District
(%)
Third District
(%)
SecondDistrict
(%)
FourthDistrict
(%)
Post
part
um H
ealt
h &
Wel
l-be
ing
by
Supe
rvis
ory
Dis
tric
tD
eliv
ery
Met
hod
H
ad a
C-s
ectio
n N
A
35.4
32
.7
32.0
32
.7
32.3
28
.5
37.5
C-s
ectio
n di
scus
sion
initi
ated
by
mot
her
NA
11
.6
12.6
11
.8
10.3
12
.0
15.6
13
.7Re
ason
for C
-sec
tion:
Had
pre
viou
s C
-sec
tion
NA
44
.6
46.2
49
.4
45.5
43
.4
48.1
44
.7Re
ason
for C
-sec
tion:
Bab
y w
as in
wro
ng p
ositi
on
NA
16
.9
16.2
18
.7
11.9
17
.2
14.1
18
.7Re
ason
for C
-sec
tion:
Lab
or w
as ta
king
too
long
N
A
15.8
12
.6
12.2
14
.0
13.6
12
.5
11.1
Mat
erna
l Pos
tpar
tum
Hea
lth
H
ad a
pos
tpar
tum
che
ck-u
p 89
.9
92.1
90
.7
89.2
89
.2
93.4
90
.8
91.6
Fam
ily p
lann
ing
disc
usse
d du
ring
chec
k-up
90
.1
89.3
90
.5
88.7
91
.6
93.6
91
.8
87.4
Rece
ived
hom
e vi
sitat
ion
serv
ices
N
A
NA
12
.2
10.2
14
.4
14.3
15
.5
7.4
Dep
ress
ed m
ood
since
birt
h of
bab
y20
NA
N
A
25.2
24
.5
27.4
22
.6
22.9
27
.3
Infa
nt H
ealt
h &
Wel
l-be
ing
Pret
erm
/Low
Bir
th W
eigh
t
Pret
erm
9.
7 9.
1 8.
1 7.
6 9.
1 7.
6 7.
6 8.
5Lo
w B
irthw
eigh
t 7.
5 6.
4 6.
8 6.
1 7.1
5.
2 7.
7 7.
7
Infa
nt H
ealt
h
Cur
rent
ly re
adin
g to
bab
y*
74.0
79
.7
85.2
81
.0
84.6
88
.3
86.1
86
.8H
ad a
wel
l-bab
y ch
eck-
up
97.1
97
.2
98.1
98
.4
96.9
99
.0
98.4
98
.1En
rolle
d in
hea
lth c
over
age
prog
ram
bef
ore
leav
ing
hosp
ital*
71
.9
69.8
65
.9
69.9
71
.2
64.6
63
.8
59.4
Bre
astf
eedi
ng P
ract
ice
A
ny b
reas
tfee
ding
at 1
wee
k N
A
86.9
88
.8
86.8
88
.1
91.2
90
.0
88.6
Excl
usiv
e br
east
feed
ing
at 1
wee
k N
A
54.4
55
.7
51.3
51
.5
59.4
59
.5
58.3
Any
bre
astf
eedi
ng a
t 1 m
onth
N
A
80.3
82
.9
77.2
80
.4
86.4
87
.1
84.9
Excl
usiv
e br
east
feed
ing
at 1
mon
th
NA
47
.9
51.1
43
.0
45.6
56
.2
56.8
56
.1A
ny b
reas
tfee
ding
at 3
mon
ths
NA
65
.5
70.8
64
.5
66.3
74
.6
76.7
73
.9Ex
clus
ive
brea
stfe
edin
g at
3 m
onth
s N
A
38.3
43
.2
35.3
37
.6
46.5
49
.9
48.6
Bab
y’s
Slee
p En
viro
nmen
t21
Sl
eeps
on
his/
her s
ide*
20
.0
12.8
10
.8
12.9
11
.4
10.5
8.
7 10
.3Sl
eeps
on
his/
her b
ack*
75
.4
82.7
85
.0
84.2
83
.5
85.3
86
.9
85.7
Slee
ps o
n hi
s/he
r sto
mac
h 4.
6 4.
5 4.
1 2.
9† 5.
1 4.
2 4.
4 4.
0Ev
er s
lept
with
ano
ther
per
son22
75
.3
71.7
72
.6
75.1
75
.4
68.1
71
.3
72.0
LA C
ount
y 20
16
† Sig
nifi e
s th
at t
he e
stim
ate
is s
tatis
tical
ly u
nsta
ble
(rel
ativ
e st
anda
rd e
rror
> 2
5%) a
nd t
here
fore
may
not
be
appr
opria
te t
o us
e fo
r pla
nnin
g or
pol
icy
purp
oses
.*
Indi
cate
s si
gnifi
cant
diff
eren
ces
betw
een
2012
and
201
6.20
Tw
o-pa
rt q
uest
ion
aske
d: F
or 2
wee
ks o
r lon
ger s
ince
you
r mos
t re
cent
pre
gnan
cy d
id y
ou fe
el s
ad, e
mpt
y or
dep
ress
ed fo
r mos
t of
the
day
? an
d Fo
r 2 w
eeks
or l
onge
r dur
ing
your
mos
t re
cent
pre
gnan
cy d
id
you
lose
inte
rest
in m
ost
thin
gs li
ke w
ork,
hob
bies
, and
oth
er t
hing
s yo
u us
ually
enj
oyed
? Re
spon
dent
s w
ho a
nsw
ered
“Ye
s” t
o ei
ther
resp
onse
wer
e co
ded
as h
avin
g “d
epre
ssed
moo
d si
nce
birt
h of
bab
y.”
21 A
vera
ge a
ge o
f bab
ies
at t
ime
of in
terv
iew
was
5.5
mon
ths.
22 Q
uest
ion
aske
d: H
ow o
ften
doe
s yo
ur n
ew b
aby
slee
p in
the
sam
e be
d w
ith y
ou o
r any
one
else
? Th
ose
who
resp
onde
d “A
lway
s,”
“Fre
quen
tly,”
“So
met
imes
,” o
r “Ra
rely
” w
ere
reco
ded
as “
Ever
sle
pt w
ith a
noth
er p
erso
n.”
Lo
s A
nge
les
Co
unty
Dep
artm
ent
of
Pub
lic H
ealt
hB
arba
ra F
erre
r, Ph
D, M
PH, M
EdD
irect
or
Deb
orah
Alle
n, S
cDD
eput
y D
irect
or, H
ealth
Pro
mot
ion
Jeff
rey
D. G
unze
nhau
ser,
MD
, MPH
Inte
rim H
ealth
Offi
cer
Mat
ernal
, C
hild
& A
do
lesc
ent
Hea
lth D
ivis
ion
Lind
a M
. Ara
gon,
MPH
, Dire
ctor
Mat
ernal
, C
hild
& A
do
lesc
ent
Hea
lth D
ivis
ion
Res
earc
h, E
valu
atio
n an
d Pl
anni
ng U
nit
Shin
Mar
gare
t C
hao,
MPH
, PhD
, Prin
cipa
l Inv
estig
ator
Dia
na L
iu, M
PH, E
pide
mio
logi
st
Cha
ndra
Hig
gins
, MPH
, Epi
dem
iolo
gist
Chr
isti
ne B
enja
min
, MPH
, Epi
dem
iolo
gy A
naly
st
Mar
ian
Elda
haby
, BA
, Res
earc
h A
naly
st II
Lesl
ie B
arne
tt, R
esea
rch
Ana
lyst
II
Ad
min
istr
ativ
e Sta
ffYv
orni
a H
orto
n
Judi
th Z
arat
e
Lo
s A
nge
les
Co
unty
Bo
ard
of
Sup
ervi
sors
Hild
a L.
Sol
is, F
irst
Dis
tric
tM
ark
Rid
ley-
Thom
as, S
econ
d D
istr
ict
Shei
la K
uehl
, Thi
rd D
istr
ict
Jani
ce H
ahn,
Fou
rth
Dis
tric
tK
athr
yn B
arge
r, Fi
fth
Dis
tric
t
Ack
no
wle
dgm
ents
The
LAM
B Pr
ojec
t is
gra
tefu
l to
all o
f th
e Lo
s A
ngel
es C
ount
y m
othe
rs w
ho t
ook
the
time
to c
ompl
ete
the
surv
ey. T
he in
form
atio
n th
ey p
rovi
ded
will
pro
vide
a m
ore
thor
ough
und
erst
andi
ng o
f th
e he
alth
of
mot
hers
and
bab
ies
in L
os A
ngel
es C
ount
y. M
ater
nal,
Chi
ld &
Ado
lesc
ent
Hea
lth D
ivis
ion
wou
ld li
ke t
o th
ank
all o
f th
e in
tern
s w
ho h
ave
cont
ribut
ed t
heir
time
and
effo
rt t
o th
e 20
16 L
AM
B pr
ojec
t.
Gra
phic
Des
ign b
yA
lan
Alb
ert
Offi
ce o
f C
omm
unic
atio
ns &
Pub
lic A
ffai
rs
This
pro
ject
is m
ade
poss
ible
by
fund
ing
from
LA
Car
e C
omm
unity
Ben
efi t
Fun
d an
d M
CA
H g
ener
al g
rant
s.
Sugg
este
d C
itat
ion:
Los
Ang
eles
Cou
nty
Dep
artm
ent
of P
ublic
Hea
lth, M
ater
nal,
Chi
ld &
Ado
lesc
ent
Hea
lth D
ivis
ion
(MC
AH
), L
os A
ngel
es M
omm
y an
d Ba
by P
roje
ct, 2
016
Surv
eilla
nce
Rep
ort.
ww
w.p
ublic
heal
th.la
coun
ty.g
ov