health hazard evaluation report 1973-0135-0138 · health hazard evaluation deterhination report no...

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US DEPARTHENT OF HEALTH EDUCATION AND HELFARE NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH

CINCINNATI OHIO 45202

HEALTH HAZARD EVALUATION DETERHINATION REPORT NO 73-135-138

KAISER PERNANENTE CEHENT CONPAW LUCERNE VALLEY CALIFORNIA 92356

HAY 1971-t

I TOXICITY DETERNINATION

It has been determined that free silica (quartz) and iron oxide dust were not toxic at the concentrations measured at the Kaiser Permanente Cement Company on January 29 1974 This determination is based upon environmental measurements in the VJork place analysis of vork practices employee intervietvs and on available literature r egarding the toxicities of these substances Levels of free silica and iron oxide were found to be belmv levels believed to be toxic to employees

The potential toxicity of asbestos in very loVT concentrations is not knmvn at present Asbestos is a known carcinogen Though ltiir conshycentrations of asbestos vere belotlt7 present Federal Standards on a time-weighted average basis tvorkers should be protected from unnec-middot essary exposure

II DISTRIBUTIONmiddot AND AVAILABILITY OF DETERNINATION REPORT

Copies of this Determination Report _are available upon request from the Hazard Evaluation Services Branch NIOSH US Post Office Building Room 508) 5th and Walnu t Streets Cincinnati Ohio 45202 Copies have been sent to

a) Kaiser Permanente Cement Co Lucerne Valley California b) Authorized Representative of Employees c) US Department of Labor - Region I X d) NIOSH - Region IX

For the purposes of informing the affected employees the employer rill promptly post the Determination Report in a prominent place(s) near where exposed employees vork for a period of 30 calendar days

III INTRODUCTION

Section 20(a)(6) of the Occupational Safety and Heal t h Act of 1970 29 USC 669(a)(6) authorizes the Secretary of Health Education and IJelfare follmving a Hritten request by any emshyployer or authorized rc~presentative of employees to determine vhether any substance normally found in the place of employment bas potentially toxic effects in such concentrations as used or found

Page 2 - Health Hazard Evaluation Determination 73-135

The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) received such a request from an authorized representative of employees regarding exposure to materials mentioned previously at the Kalser Permanente Cement Company Lucerne Valley California

IV HEALTH HAZARD EVALUATION

Conditions of Use

The Kaiser Permanente Cement Company at Lucerne Valley California is engaged in the quarrying of high erade limestone and manufacture of Portland Cement under the trade name of Pernanente A safety inspection was performed on Augus t 6 1973 by the State of California Bureau of lanes I nspector This inspection terminated at the point tvhere the raH slurry entered the kiln It was felt this set a jurisdictional precedent between NIOSH and the Bureau of flines authority at this plant for this survey Therefore the hazard evaluation survey was started at the kiln

B Horksite Evaluation

A preliminary survey tvas conducted by NIOSH investigators on September 20 1974 to determine potential lealth tgtazcrds in the Hork environment The bagging of cement containing a~bestos was not in operation during the preliminary survey and it was necessary to conduct a survey when this process was in operation On January 29gt 1974gt NIOSH investigashytors conducted a follow-up survey to determine exposure levels to asbestos dust free silica and iron oxide While deterrrlning sampling locations on January 28th it was noted that a pipe used to transfer flue dust from the silo to the storage area was leaking causing this dust to contaminate the tvork environment The leak had been repaired before our sampling on January 29th and the visible dust tv-as much less in the work environment ~e were informed that the flue dust is very corrosive to the transfer pipes which presents a maintenance problem Leaking pipes should be quickly repaired to prevent unnecessary exposure of the workmen to flue dusts or other materials

It was mentioned that asbestos is used in the Kaisers Permanente Plastic Gun Cement Four people are invol ved in the loading blending and bagging of the cement in a building referred to as the Packing Area Only one person comes in contact with the asbestos All personnel in the Packing Area during the mixing of asbestos containing cement are potentially exposed to the airborne fibers Hmvever the blender operator is the only one

11 11working with the pure asbestos

~~This is an infrequent operation Hhich only operates about 2--4- hours per day once or twice a veek

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Only the bagging operation in the Packing Area was visibly dusty during the preliminary and fo llmv-up surveys During the prelimshyinary survey torn bags of asbestos were noticed in the sto rage area At present all bags which are r emoved at one time by a forkshylift truck are wrapped in a plastic material to prevent scattering the dust if one bag should break which should help reduce exposure to asbestos dust in the storage area The bagg~r and blender operators vear 3t-1 dust masks (TC-21P-132) Coveralls are provided persons t-orkins tmiddotJith materials containing asbestos The erpty asbestos bags are put into a plastic bag and dis posed of by sanishytary landfill The asbestos plastic gun cement is only blended usually about once or ttvice a week for a 2-4 hour duration

On January 29 1974 samples were collected to evaluate exposure in the Hill Building to free silica and iron oxide dust and in the Packing Area to asbestos dust Both personal and area samples were collected

C Evaluation Me t hod s

1 Evaluation ofEnvironmental Dust Exposures

Bulk samples Here collected during the preliminary survey and middot analy~ed for free silica A flue dust sample was a l so analyzed for iron chromium and molybdenum (See Table 1) The company provided a typical flue dust analysis (Table lA) Breathing zone samples were obtained during the follow-up survey using personal monitoring equipment some area samples ere also obtained

2 Employee Intervie-7S

Four teen non- direc t ed interviews were given Two of those intershyviewed complained of burns from the cottrell dust There were general complaints about iron f l ue dus t from the mill workers

D Evaluation Criteria

1 Federal St andards

The Occupational Health Standards promulgated by the U S Department of Labor applicable to the part icular substances of this evaluat ion are listed below

a Asbestos

The Standard for asbestos as listed in the Federal Register Volume 37 Section 1910 93(a) June 7 1972 is outlined as follot-Ys l

(1) Standard effective July 7 1972 bull bull 5 0 f i bers per cc (2) Standards to go into effect July 1 1976 bull bull bull 2 0 fibers per cc (3) Ceiling concentrations applicable at all times bull 10 0 fibers

per cc

8-hour time-veighted average airborne concentration of asbestos fibers longer than 5 microns in length per cubic centimeter (cc) of air

Airborne concentration of asbestos fibers longer than 5 microns in length per cc of air not to b~ exceeded at any time as determined by a minjmum sampl ing time of 15 minutes

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f b Quartz (free silica) and Inert or tluisance Dusts

The Occupational Health Standards a-re promulgated by the DepartmentI of Labor (Federal Register Part II Section 1910 93 Tables G-1 2i

and 3) applicable to substances of this evaluation are as follows t

SUBSTA~CE

STANDARD COHCENTRATI O (8 hour tine-middoteigtted ~ragel

Inert or nuisance dusts Respirable fraction 5 mg~~3

Total dust 15 mgN3

Quartz (f ree Si02) Respirable 10mg N3 Si02 + 2

milligrams of substance per

Total dust

cubic meter of

30mgM3 Si02 + 3

air

2 Toxic Effects

a Asbestos

Al1 excellent review of the literature on the use of asbestos its hazards and proposed standards for usage is found in theNIOSH Criteria for a Recon~ended Standard - Occupational Exposure to Asbestos2

Prolonged inhalation of asbestos fibers may result in the production of a typical pulmonary fibrosis which may be accompanied by severe respiratory middotdisability If large quantities of the fibers are inshyhaled over an extended period of time characteristically 10 to 20 years tissue reaction progresses until a generalized diffuse f ibrosis (knmm as asbestos i s) becomes evident This fibros is is seen first in the lOl-ler lobes of the lungs but eventually if exposure continues appears in t he other lobes as vrell Respiratory insufficiency and cardiac failure may supervene Additionally there is increasing evidence that the frequency of bronchogenic cancer is greater among workers in certain asbestos industries than expected in the general male population as well as more evidence of an increased rate of occurrence of mesothelioma of the pleur a or peritoneum These asbestos associated neoplasms may occur without radiological evidence ofasbestosis ~vhich means that prevention of even short-tern1 high l evelexposures to asbestos may be extremely important

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b Nuisance Dust (iron oxide)

Iron and iron compounds have not been shown by industrial experience to be particularly toxic ~bttling of the lungs due to inhalation of particulate iron (siderosis) is now regarded as a benign pneumoconiosis 3 producing little or no disability from years exposure but may present problems i n diagnosing other more serious lung cor~di tions masked by the iron particles Siderosis has not progressed to fibrosis and generally requires six toten years of exposure to iron oxide fume in order to produce it4 Iron oxide dust is considered a nuisance dust and thus has a standard of 15 mgM3 (total particulates) or 5 mgN3 respirable dust As a fume 10 mgM3 has been established as a standard

Though nuisance dusts have a long histomiddotry of little adverse effect on lungs and do not produce significant organic disease or toxic effect on exposure kept under reasonable control Excessive concentrations of such dust in the workroom air may seriously reduce visibility (iron oxide) may cause unpleasant deposit in the eyes ears and nasal passages (Portland Cc~ment dust) or cause injury to the skin or mucous membranes by chemical or mechanical action Eer se or ~y the rigorous skin cleansing procedure necessary for their removal

c Free Silica (SiOz)

Finely divided silica in the free state cari cause an illness called silicosis Silicosis may be recognized either as an acute or chronic process The acute form (rapidly developing silicosis) may be recognized after 8 to 18 months from first exposure and probably develops after massive exposure Patients note severe shortness of breath and rapid breathing and chest X-rays often show fibrosis with no visible typical nodulation of silicosis Tuberculosis is often present Chronic pulmonary silicosis is a type most often seen in industry and usually occurs only after years (sometimes 15 to 30) of exposure to silica dust A chest X-ray will usually detect silicosis in a relatively early stage However an uncomplicated case may progress to an advanced

5stage while showmiddoting only symptoms of moderate shortness of breath

A chest X-ray together Hith a case history are basic in making a diagnosis of an early case of silicosis since the early stages of the disease may be asymptomatic 11le chest X-ray is not diagnostic and needs to be supported by other clinical findings to rule out other diseases3

Prevention is extremely important since treatment is not effective for the pulmonary lesions Insuring that l evels for free silica are below the Federal Standards is the best preventive measure

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E Evaluation Results

1 Air Sampling

a Asbestos

Asbestos concentrations reported as fib0rs per cc are reported in Table 2 The asbestos dust counts do not exceed the present Standard of 5 fibers per cc Hmrever better controls need to be provided to meet the 2 fibers per cc Standard to go into effect in 1976 The blending machine might be partially enclosed to increase the efficiency of the e~taust system The bagging machin~ operation was visibly dustyand should be provided better dust control equipment

Since asbestos i s a carcinogen All unnecessary exposure to asbestos must be avoided

b Flue Dust (iron oxide)

The main col)stituent of the flue dust is iron oxide The air concenshytrations determined for this material are shovn in Table 3 These dust levels are belo~ the present U S Department of Labor Standard for nuisance dust At t hese concentrations the dust should be relatively i

innocuous but as has been pointed out previously rray cause injury to I the skin or mucous membranes by chemical or mechanical action or by the rigorous skin cleansing procedure necessary for their removal It is recognized that vorkers sonetimes are required to Hork in dusty operations for relatively short periods of time middot Dust respirators should be orn during these Hork perj_ods to prevent unnecessary eAPOshysure of the r espiratory tract to the dusty materials

c Free Silica

Air concentration levels of free silica are reported in Table 4 The i

levels determined during the survey period vere below present U S I Department of Labor Standards for free silica Each respirable middotdust sample as collected simultaneously bull7ith a total dust sample for comshyparison purposes Free silica Has the controlling factor in calculat i ng I

I the acceptable level for the dust involved since acceptable concentrations would be higher (ie would be the nuisance level) if silica vere not I present Silica dust levels vere found to be at acceptable levels according to present Health Hazard Evaluation Criteria

The silica feed and red bone settled dust contained relatively high percentages of free silica Dust in these areas should be well conshytrolled by engineering methods at all times to maintain air concentrashytions of free silica beloH acceptable standards


V RECOHHLNDATIOlS

To reduce employee exposure to the various particulate matter used at the Kaiser Permanente Cement Plant at Lucerne Valley the followshying recommendations are made

A ill r ea

1 Personnel should wear respiratory protective devices for short exposures to high concentrations of dust TI1e best protective device is one that is Horn hhere respirators are used they should be properly fitted and maintained and employees should be instructed in the correct use of the respirators

2 Leaks in transfer pipes should be quickly repaired to reduce exposure of workers to particulate matter

3 Present heavy dust accumulations in the plant should be middotremoved to prevent this material from being blom around on uindy

days and better housekeeping procedures instituted

4 Air contamination from dusty operations shall be controlled by engineering tnethods vhere possible

B All Areas bullJhere Asbestos Is Present

1 Section 1910 93(a) (asbestos ) of the Federal Register Volume 37 October 18 1972 has detailed requirements for workingmiddot with asbestos this includes such things as labeling special clothing vhen the ceiling levels are exceeded respirators medical examinations) environmental monitoring etc A copy of these rules and r egulations pertaining to persons working -lith asbestos is provided in the Appendix of this report

2 Improved local exhaust ventilation for the bagging and blending operation should be provided

3 A vacuum cleaner has been provided for cleaning areas vhere asbestos dust may accumulate The vacuum cleaner should be used after each job is completed to prevent accumulation of asbestos dust

4 Protective clothing used during work with asbestos materials should be laundered a t the plant to prevent possible contamination of the workers home with asbestos fibers

5 Respirators should be Orn in all areas where potential exposure to asbestos dust may occur as specified in U S Department of Labor Regulatmiddotions

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C Cottrells

1 Personnel working in the cottrells should be provided protective equipment and clothing to prevent skin burns while working in the cottrells

D General

l The cowpany has started a medical monitoringmiddotprogram for detecting asbestosis and silicosis Nedical surveillance of vorkers exposed to asbestos and silica includes periodic physical examinations chest X- rays and pulnonary function testing A complete discussion of recommended surveillance for asbestos (which will be adequate for silica exposure) appears in the tHOSH Criteria Document for a Recommended Standard for Asbestos (See Reference 2)

VI REFERENCES

1 Federal Register Wednesday October 18 1972

2 U S De~rtme~~i_~ealth Education and Welfare Criteria for a recommended standard bull Occupational Exposure to Asbestos (1972)

3 Occupa_tional Health and Safety Volume II International Labour Office Geneva lfac Graw Hill NeHmiddot York (1971)

4 American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hyampienists Documentation of Threshold Limit Values Third Edition 1971

5 Occupational Diseases- A_Gui_de to their Recognition W M Gafafer editor USDHElT PHS Publication No 1097 1964

VI AUTHORSHIP AND ACKNOHLEDGHENTS

Report Prepared By Lee B Larsen Supervisory Industrial Hygienist DTSSLC

Originating Office Jerome P Flesch Chief Hazard Evaluation Services Branch

Acknowled~ments_

Bert T Wisner - Preliminary Envj_ronmental Survey

George J Butler - Follow-up Survey

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TABLE 1 - ANALYSIS OF BULK SAMPLES FOR FREE SILICA AND IRON

Haterial Si02 Fe

Clinker Dust 00 17

Clinker Dust Baghouse 008 17

Settled Dust Tripper Floor 14 2 0

Settled Dust at Silica Feed 9~5 4 3

Red Bone 87 4 0

Flue Dust~lt 1 2 1 5 5

Asbestos Gun Cement lt1 0

~~NOTE Chromium compOUl1ds i n cement may cause dermatitis Therefore the flue dust vas analyzed for chromium and molybdenum The flue dust contained 007 chromium and 0002 molybdenum which are negligible amounts

TABLE lA - A TYPICAL FLUE DUST ANALYS rs~~

Material Percentage

Fe2o3 578

Si02 2 3

Al203 26

CaO 110

tfgO 22

Zn lt10

This analysis was provided by Curtis Jenkins Supervisory Spectroscopist for Kaiser Cement

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TABLE 2 - ASBESTOS IN AIR CONCENTRATIONS

Asbestos

_______L_o_c_a_t_i_o_n______~------~~~P~e~r~i~o~d____________ _______ c_o~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~o_n P_r~~~-~-n-t------~Blender operator 714-810AN 1-29-74 56 50

(personal sample) 8 10-1054 27 5 0 714-9 33 t~ 3 5 0 933-1054 and 1135-llOPM 15 5 0

Sack Loader (pe r so nal sample) 706-935 1-29-74 14 ~ 0

935- 1059 2 8 50

Packer Operator (persona l sample) 712-10 47 1-29-74 Unable to count

712-9 37 23 5 0 937-1035 21 50

Area Samples colleected a t 101pm at the bagging machine

1 minute sample 3 4 50 2 11 19 5 0

II 06 50 11 3 2 8 50

Hinus 23 minutes Operator bulllas at the bagging machine duritig all of the sampling period but vas not

actually bagging during all of the sampling period

lOTE The TLV is based on an 8 hour time veighted average concentration the asbestos exposure in the packing area is only for short intermittent periods of time The ceiling concentration of 10 fibers~c applicable at all times was not exceeded during the survey

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TABLE 3 - Fe2o3 IN AIR CONCENTRATIONS IN THE MILL BUILDING

1-29-74

Location

Personal Sample Hiller

Ass t 1ill Helper 02

Rear of operators booth Mill Building lt0 2

Near Salt Dispenser Mill Building lt0 2

Personal SaPJple - Nill Helper 05

11 II - Clinker Cooler Tender 02

11 II - Bagging ~chine Operator lt0 2

11 - Mill Bin Tender lt02

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TPpoundLE 4 - FREE SILICA IN AIR CO~CENTRATIONS I gt

Respirable Dust

Concentra tior m H3 tocation

--------------------~

Respirable Dust TLV mg1)

Total Dust

Conc entr a tc1 rg middot13-------

Cooler Tender 03 1 25 5 5

Mill-Bin Tender (Tripper Floor) 03 1 25 4 7

Hiller 06 1 25 6 5

Hill Helper 0 8 1 25 8 2

Ass t HHl Helper 11 1 25 55

Area Sample Tripper Deck 05 4 8

Area Sampler Cooler Basement Middle of B Belt 0 5

Sack Loader 86

Asbestos Cement Bagging Machine

Back of Operator 04 5 8

Left of Operator 03 Right of Operator 01

1-Jhere dust contains more than 1 free silica the respirable free silica standard appUes rather than the nuisance dust criteria In order to get enough material for an accurate analysis the personal samples obtained from 5 vorkers in the mill Jere combined the resulting free silica value of 6 0 was used in determining the TLV for free silica The 60 free silica value may be high for some areas but should be a representative average of the mill area since the silica feed and red bone contains greater than 60 free silica

)~Since the cement contains asbestos the asbestos TLV applies l i

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APPENDIX

HEALTH HAZARD EVALUATION 73-135

KAISER CENENT COMPANY

LUCERNE VALLEY CALIFORNIA

I RULES AND RtGULAnONS

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Ut 1 Pa1middotticrtla1middot prod ucl~ cmd opPTCtshyliil Pvwr-rrr 1)1iriYQ 1) rcrirnto~ r lll l~ middotwltIOmiddot wr tions Ko ~bltstos crncnt mcrtar coatshy 1 ful f~C1P~CCC pCVe tCd anmiddot p1middoti r-nmiddot

nJilt zvH Penmiddot the ptrpo~e of ing rrout pia~Lcr or s imilar material rectl~ralor~ or a pomiddot1ttred nir pur~middot ~11 ti~ ~middotmiddotbullmiddottwn bull 1 1 ll sbcstv~ inclwes containin~ gtgtbrttm shall L~ rcrrrbullncl rp~middotnrlOr or a J C~I JratbullJmiddot ( tmiddot- middot 1 rJ ~n middot rt~ro~H c~middotocdo1nr ttmiddote-oshy from loltlt~~ cbull tolgt or cmiddot1c- tmiddotonc~ua~s llbdimiddotbiol tlii cr tus su middot ~~middotltlt ~ ~ middotylhttmiddot ~1~d actinol1t~ in which Lhly nrc shipped wltll1ut b~in~ lth~d l le u ccl to rogtc middotJrc tte comiddotmiddot rmiddotmiddot

middotJmiddotmiddotltmiddotgtgt figtr means tsbcsto cbullither wetted or enciocd or vcntilt~ltl ~ ous of nirbcmiddotn~ a~h~~to fib~r il 1

t~~ ~ ~ rr ~l l~l n 5 ncromcters so as to lllCeHt tffeti middotely tlv~ 1middotcltgtae of middot~ltpir ltur ultlow tl~ middot XP0Sllrt l ltrn l middotmiddot)

1 gtmiddotnisJC cxp()~~ra to airborn tirbornc nsbcgttos fiocr in exrEgtS of the rmiddotmiddot~bed in )~dmiddotl-t rap~l th) of t1 sc tol 1 bull 1middotmiddot middot middotc ~Ior fgti (t~besto fibers- (I gt limits pre~cribed in paragroph ltbgt of yJwn tiu~ ceil i17 or the 8-htomiddot tll-bull middotbullc bullmiddot cicci ~middote J ttll 7 1972 The tilis cclion bullcrhted 1r-~c cvnccntra~ of

bull bull t --)~ bullbull l ic~middotmiddotmiddotmiddot -middot~igh led avera a irborne Ui11 Sprnyino uemolition or r emoval 1sbcstos flbcrs are r easomiddotHlhiy exigtC~d ~ middotgt~ol of asbestos fibers to Emp1oyce5 enacd in the ~proylnr o( tO CXCCd 10 li11es hut 10~ l CO ~1 1~3 middot middotl ~ ~Y middot-11~oyre m~y be egtos~d gtsbs tos the r~moval or d)oition of tilCC 1mts

middot middot imiddotmiddotmiddot middot~ middotcmiddotmiddoti Lmiddotmiddotr 1h~middot gtn~ ~ t~~)J~ lJipfH - trt~tmiddotturB~ O cqut~~illC~ rofmiddotc(l i) 1 nc middotcmiddot middot ~Ui)lmiddotitmiddotd - cir 7t tmiddotmiddotmiddot-~ - ~~ tC~Hmiddots iiCr cubic rentr~ctfr o (II ilsulated with asbestos a 1d b the cnt ~i ~Jas fo or PT) ~s ~ i-d middotmiddot middot ~~ middot ~middot~lmiddot11n-d bY fie me~hoJ Preshy remomiddotl or dennlitlon o~ asbctos il shy rai - t pe cmiddotmiddot CJtirtco~~ o~ rmiddot middot~ shy middotlmiddotd i- pltmiddotx-gtr3pl middote) of ~~ s~c~on sumiddot~tion otmiddot comiddotcrit~s sh~li be pro1middotidcd gttnmiddote-dfmonrL stpplicrlmiddotJL repltlJ ~ middot

gt Sirutdard c[Jccti~ J uly 1 1976 with rewimlon equipmc1t in accordshy ~ilai be to tmiddotOlCent-- 1 ued reduce te i~ - )~r t~-middots~i6hted ttverage airshy ance wil1 paragraph ltctgt i2gt Ciiigt of thi oni oi 1irlornc ab ~middotst)S ftbclmiddots i~ tl~ middotmiddotmiddote ltoccbulltratons of 1-sbestos files secton ond 1bullith spechl cohilgtgt in ac ~ rcpi r~ltO ~iomiddot the CPosurc Er ~ p-cshy ~ middot ~ middot1 ~1y C)oyee moy bo eqc~ed cord~nce with paragraph (dgt (3) of th~s scnbtbullrl il p~pound ~T-tPh ltlJI o t t1igt t on ~ ~ ~ ~ll 1~ - t ~~otrc1 tmiddotro flbers lo1fer t~1an section middothen tile c~ilin o~ thc 3-0H- t shy

- middotbullmiddot)~t~~Lmiddot~ p~r cubi~ centt~ter of (dgt Personal f)rotectite eq uipmenshymiddot-Clg~tcd aer~1 ~C ai rbcne COllcenr lshyr a dc-tcmiddotmined gtY the ru~thod prcshy 0gt Compliance ~th the exJosu-e Hmits tols of abetos 1ocrs rtmiddotc reuoa~~y

~-middoti)bull(l 1 ptrltt9h (cgt of this secton prescribed by plragrJpil (b) of this secshy eqccted to cmiddotxce 100 times tho- ~ limi nvgt of a p-or 3gt Ccili1g concent ration No emshy tion m~w not be ac111ev2d by the use of Etab1t~hmnt re~1ror

1middot ~middotiP sull be exposed ot any time to r cspratomiddots otmiddot shiit r otation of emshy crcn~ Ia) Th~ empoyer smn e~ubitt resptmiddototor program in bom of asbsotos ployees accord~aCP middot~h ~ ce~centrrtions except a

the of the American ctgtn in ccess of 10 flbers Ion~~ tran m D uring the time period n acessary requ1remen~ X

Lro-middotmiddottimiddots ver cubic ingtta enLlecring contros tionll oi to ll t~e flnd S~nndltlrds Pmiddot-tctic~s fomiddot c~i~ shyi c~ntmtter a Z382-19ampJ ccmiddote~nir~c by the melted pre to inttu~e the work prtctces required tory Pmiddototectio1 tSi i1ci middotmiddot~cct 1 r~rograph (c) of this sectionmiddot by ltc s ncoporal~ct b r~fenncc hbull~middotc11 para~raph ) of this scc~~on

b sect 1)105 the ltlJi l(ii) In ork situntions in which the S~e COrtCerll~ng

in paragraph ltcgt of ~bi li t of Almiddotsr Zt32-1S6gt and tir rumm~thods pre~cr lbed Cc Jcthods of comoHcmce- (1gt Enshy tcnarice 0f an hlstod lt Re iu contccion middotmiddotc

middotmiddotbullmiddotimiddotmiddot

na 7leh ocs (i) E~tgineering conshy therewith The ~cdmiddotess o the ~~ ~ ~cJr Enireering cortrols such as but this section are either technically not National StandOtrcos Institute igt riven il~

middotmiddott 1-nt~d to isolation enclosure ex ~asible or fc~sible to tn extent insuffishy sect 1910100 ~ H middotn~llltion and dust colectH~n No employee hall be to

shycient to reduce the airborne concen tra ccgt assi~11ed

lgthl 0~ used to meet the exposuretnu~s tions of as~estos fibers below the limits t tsks requiring the use o r eprators if middot~c bld in paragraph (b) o thts prescribed by paragraph (b) of this ~~0~) se-ction or based upon his most recent ex)laion

li 1 ocal tthaLLgtt ventilation ltagt ltiii) In emcnrencies an exarnnLng physician dete-nJS ~int Lo-~1 r~~ltus t ycntlation and dust col shy (il) Whemiddote both resgtir~tors and per the enploec will be un1ble to f11c~~on t s~middottems shall be desig-~ed co~shy sonnel rotaton nre allowed by subdivishy normaily wettring a -esprttor or thCt ructcd installed and malntoncd m sions m ltiD or (iii) of ths subpaa the sacty or health of tlc cmplo~ ee or -o ~dncc with the American National grampph md both are practicabe personshy other emnlovees will be impaimiddoted by hismiddot ~ ~L ~ctrd fotmdnmentals Governing t ile nel rotation shall be preferred and used use of a reprator Such cmp1oyce shall )l~middotmiddot~-1 1 ~1 OpPration of Local Exhaust (2) Where a r espirator is permitted by be rotated to another job or given the lOmiddot ~~s AJSI 22- 1971 which is in- suhpnarrph 0 gt of this paragraph it oppOtnity to tranfr to a diiT~ren~ poshycoltgtoraled b lCCCt~ce herein shall be seiected rom among those ap sition whose duties he is abe to p~-10-r~

t b See ~ 19106 concerning the avrulshy proved by the Bureau of Mnes Departshy with the same employer in the san~ ~o shyl)litmiddot oi ANSI Z92-1971 and the ment opound the Interior or the National Inshy graphical ~re1 n d with the stmc Sciorshyrmiddot~t ~t~ntce of a historic file in connecshy stiL~tc or Occupotional Safety ar1d ity status and rate of pty he ha~ JUSt t ~t tiw~middotewith The ~ltdress of tl~e Amer Health Department o f Health Educl shy prior to such transfer if such a clf~cmiddotert n tlaquoion~l Standards Institute is

shy tion and Welfnc under the po1middotisions of posi( on is available

~-~bull in sect 1910100 30 CPR Part 11 (37 PR 62-14 Mtr 25 C3gt Speccl clothing The emoyer ri il Icmiddottcttlnr tools All hand-opshy 1972gt md shall be used in accordmce shaH povide and reqUire the nsc c r speshy

eed ~1d power-operated tools which with subdivisions (j) (ii) Ciiil and (iv) cial coLhing such s comiddotcrltllis or simil-shya~middot praclce or relcnse asbestos fibers of ~his subparagraph whoie body clothmg hcd coverin~3 1 cxcelts of the exposure limits preshy CD Air rmnJing respirators A r~usashy glovs and foot coverinzs for any el shymiddotmiddotigtl n partgraph (b) of this section 1)~ c) r single ll~ ~ir purifying res)irator plc~middotee c~pc~ed tc ~irborH~ corC~~t rmiddot shy-middot~ 1 as bui t) t lim1tect LO samiddots scoremiddots or ~ r espirator described ln subdivision tions of ~sbltstos fi bers which exceed tnc ~ middotmiddot-lt wl-els anct drills shll be pmiddotoshy 1iigt or iii) of this subpangnph shall ceiling level prescribed i1 pa ragrapl tL ) middot bullmiddotN wiltl loc~l cdaU$t ventilttion sys bt) used to reduce the concentrations of of this section t lt i rcorcltncc with subdivision Cii) airborne asbestos tlbers in the respirator (4gt Chan1~ roores m ~ lt ty bct cmiddot middots hpnnrrt~h below t ile exposure limits precribecl ia place of empoyme1t exposed lo iro~-1lt

2l or ~Jnclic- ltD Wet mcthocls parl[raph ltb of this s~ction when the concentration of nsbestos fiO)r il e shy middot f~r gt gtimiddotJcticlble asbestos shall be cil ln or t~1c S-hour t imc-reilhted umiddoter shy ccss o( th cqosumiddote limi~-s le3middot~iL~d i~ 1~~ ni-ed ltLJgtied renoYed clttt ~C irbon conccntrnto1s of ~~oestos para~raph (bgt of this scctw1 t1c tbullnshy middot-middotmiddotbull or oll~nmiddot i wor~crl in t~ t f~crs are rrasolPbly e~pe rtcd to exc~ed oloer hall provide chc rc-o~s t lt middot middot - ~~L~~~ tn to r1rc ent the ~nislo~l no norc tlun 10 times tho3~ limits cmploces Ollti1 reUltmiddot1 ~ t t lmiddot J l C

~~ilmiddot)~~l ftll~IS il CXCCSS 0~ tl1C ex di i Clotubulls locker Th~ ~middotr~w- bullltgtr middot l tli l1middotec rbcd in pa-t~raph shnll Pil)ice two scrnmiddotnte lo t-s c co1

bull If t ~is 5 middotC thJl lnlmiddot~~ the u~cfuh~c s talners for eaci1 epoyee o ~_ middot ~~(1 imiddot~ j) lGd Uct would be diminih-d or i~olttcd ns lo prc~vert contm~ lt

-~middot(t)y of the cmpioyltcs stect clotb f ~ worilt clothes

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Fo~At REGJSE VOl 37 NO 202-WltDNrSDA Y O~T03E~ lltl 197~

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~t in~cnmiddotuJs greate r tltll tgt mnntn lf)t lh ) Hotcsetccping- ltll caing 11 cmp0~middotees who~e expo~bullJrcs to asubullstos c-tbullmgtl suriaccs in any ptc of bullmiddotrpoymy n(lOHbio- be forcc~n lo exceed ment ~tl be nin111~~ct r~middot~e c ~ nc shylie cxpourc limits pr~crigtcd in para mul tion~ of abe~t03 flbP-s i ~ [lfr ~ rltllh IJJ of thi tCtiO middot cspersi~n there -ond te tUl c ct~~~ middote

r middot middot middot ~ ~~~ cmiddotl J IJ~Jn ~itJ~ ohtbullrra Uon of ~oni tcrshy - rmiddotmiddot th0 0i-~cs nsb~~~middotshy in(J Atmiddotect cd C117gt1lt~c middotl rr t ~~ ziimiddot rcp shy ltJJ ~~middotcstc diltrosal A~middot~5- ~c3 -~ middot ~ ~middot~

bullmiddot middotmiddott ~middot ~ o tiit-~ to cnothcr periOn rccnt~tives slltd l be n cmiddota1 dmiddotgtri bns ~-middot -ltmiddot11

g~vmiddot~n rcrt~on~ble cona~crs Ct~dpshy

middotmiddot informmiddot ~wh petso1 opnotmiddotttLniLy to obsene ny mon itvrinpound racrt [ld ~~sbr )s-cn~tarnt-~ c~ middotmiddot hshy

middot~ b ca) ot tl1is ~uJd i shy required uy this igtU1~r~middotpil ~ ~d -ilJll hamiddotc lnp cv~cign~d for d lgt ~-3~ tmiddot~gth 1~ 0 middot middot~middot j bull(~ middotr l ~middot prcmiddotrnt the lCl~ase access to the records thmiddotmiddot~of prgtJtAce n c~nY rc~~or bly fo2~ 0-middot~~~0

middot middot middot r ~~tlto tibe r i1 cxcegt of Ig ) Caution spoundvw anr labtZs 11) Caushy usc l~dl Lig storJtC r ~o~~~-~~n~ lti shymiddot middot middot ~middotmiddotmiddot middot ~~ middot sl~~~ prcscmiddotU)Cd n par~shy P03~ or t~ns3Ctltion amiddotO-n Jlc~=-~ 4

bull cmiddotf ~

I middotmiddotmiddotbullbullmiddot tion sirns (igt Poslinq Cau~ion sigm

bi~

5~section trations of o~b~s~os r~t n cc- o ~ ~hall be provided and disphycd at tl1 each

(middot-posur~ linil pr~~criG~ in iJ -~1 ~~~ ~ l cmiddot -middot~tic l middotbull~middotc n rhor ~ ro ~1(r t r~ thr bgt lt-~ ~ =middot lt middot-- 0 ~ -~~~ ( middot ~ -~middot ~ o asb)tcs nr Jty ic ~ t middot c-~- olmiddot ti~ d i

j oted o L11 s ~td 1-middotel a J- -

c~qJn tr~ 1 ~111 ~ ~ J rlmiddot~-- lmiddoti b2d i1 J lr1 tmiddotal1 or o~ ~ cosCf r ~middot ~middot~b~ ccmiddotmiddott~~~ middot ~ tbl of tii ~ction S ~ ir1~-H bmiddot~ posted i middot middot middot~ - etl

~~l()n~l ~l~~~~~~~

(Igt li 1gt px middotat snch a dista1ce from a a middot--~ ~ ~ltll h loca rJ)

t io ~~ C--zg-( f shy1 middotmiddotmiddot middot -)i 711eltsnrcmenL All deshy ord~ Emiddotery eirt)1orer sh~~ ~1aintgtfn rx so tl~at an employee may read ihe signs bull middot ~ ~ 0~ f~~-h0Te concentru111s

tn~ or~s ol any l=rsenl o middot~~ middotir--~rmiddot ~ ~ a1cl tfke neceamiddoty protec ti 1middote stcps be

1 middot

middot

middot middotmiddot

middot

middot

middot

middot_

middot nli he rradc by noli~)~1f rct_~ied by t3 iomiddotc ~c~~~ Fe~shy

en~ering the are1 marked by the

I l middot middotmiddot middot middot t-~ thod at J0-450 X ords sha1~ b rn~int ~td for ~a rmiddote-io- rrf 1ig-ns Signs shall be pogtted at all apshyn lL~ete v1)jectire) a~ ~~st 3 yc~li nr d shlll b~ n~lti~ a -~u shyproac hes to areas contiing excessie middot middot_ middot~ ~ t~t st iilurninrt ton a~) e urc1 r~Qest to tl~-= A5 tsran S--r ~

con~t - trattons of airborne asbestos l

middot middot bull middotltmiddotrmiddot~J-(1) Jni~ ial ~tenishy t ~Y of I~tor ft-- Occmiddot ~~tt ion~l S ~Y - - ~middotmiddot middotltmiddoti-imiddot o fbers

nontlls of the ptbli ald Ftc~~h the Dirf-cr or tt~~ ~middot~middot~ to~ (i i ) Sign secircations The warning middot o s ltcton eery emp1o~middoter I1S~~tu~ for 0-ccupJiol-l S-~7 ltiad

~ sins r~quired by subdivision of thi

middotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotc t middotmiddot b pl1ce of etlployrr~ent (i) -Ierdth cwd to authoriz-ed rt-e~-~t~ shy

subparagraph shtil confom to the rc~ middot t r~ to ~o_be t res of either fber3 are releas ed quirc-Jents cr 20 x H vlt-tical format iomiddotecl ia s~cil a iay as to detemiddotmre 12gt Emp~yeg cclttSJ Every c~)oyc

middotmiddot middot middot middot ~middotmiddot - ~- middot~r- etapo~~ee~ exposure si~n specified in sect 1DlOh5 tdJ 11) and to r1d fon~er enp1osee sU h~~ve r~~~~~-t shy

to this subdYision The si~1s slul disshy fb 2-middots heov the preshy tl~ ~(C~s to e1y limi~s recd r~ti~ t J ~middot~~ ~_ i~ 00 play the iclO-n leend in t1e lower nt-t ~lecl b7 subpa~r~_)~ 1) o ~~~ -~d ~ r1~middott~L1ph ltb~ of thts secshypanel wiih l~tter sizes and style of n

t bullgt li the lr ~s arc exceeded the emshyYisibility at least Pqual to that speciid middotr ltl im1ediately undertake a

l subdiligtion PP~ah -hicl i1lt-rt~pounds tr ~ em shy

~middot~ ~ ce progrom in accmmiddotcimce with in this pioeemiddots o-11 expoue to nsestos fi0Ns middot1p pound1 ~J of this section (3) EJmplo-~ee not-~C(tiltm A7ty ertshy

lt~ l Persona monitorinI-ltD Sam Legena ployee fo~-ld to h~lVc b=-~n c-JO~middot a my llotctlon middots ~1~][ tJe colected from within the tme to airborne conce~tatlo~s of a~~sshy

I Asbcs~5 ------- shy - shy - ---- 1bullbull Snl Gertf

Ootb 1o or tos fibeS in excess of th~ ~L11 i ts p-c ~ middotmiddot 11r zcne of the employees on Blocj scribect 1 parataJh Cb) of ths sec~i~l r tbullnnrane filters of 0 8 m icrometer POshy Dut Hazorcl __ ___ ____ ___ Sans Scrlt shall be notifkd n wrHingtS o the ex-a-_bullmiddot mot1te( in an open-foce filter Gotblo o r Slle as soon as pr-t~~ca31~ bUt nvt J~ltgtr _ccr Smplcs shall oe taken or the Block than 5 dys oi t-he fillnct The tgt~ploee

the Avotd Br~athlng Dt~t__ _ 71 -hour iime Gltgtthlc t rgtTingt~i0n oi 8 slall also be timely noti11~c of thlt cormiddotbull Wca= Assigned

lt- ~-- ~ xt 1bullerage airbonte concentrashy Protectmiddot~ ~~ Gothl c recthmiddote action bein J~~n Equipment

i gtmiddot- a d of the ceiling concentrations of (j) llledcal excminatis-(1) GrDo Not Rcmaln Io Ar~ ~Gothic middotbull t-~os fibers Unles3 Your Work Re eral The enployer shall proide o mlgt~

cost (ii t l S1mpUrg q ulrC3 It aYailabe llls mctic21 ex~cnL1ashyf r eque1cy and patterns Asbestos D ust tions rel~ive to eqOsure to asbcstos remiddot~ =- tr1e nitill determinations required Dr~3thing 14 pltgtnt Gltgt~hlc

May To quired b7 this Pc~rograph _bull s tmmiddotnraph E~ lt1) 0 this puagmiddotaph Haza~dous

Your Henl~h (2) Preplcccmnt The emp(oj-er srnll middot ~ satl be of such frequency and pr(nide 1 ~s ~o represent with reasonlble Spe~cng nYaiable crch oi hi3

middot ~1 between lines shall be nt least o~ r1=~kc ~ empoyees gtithia 30 ctedtr (lEy folmiddot middotmiddot ~ - acmiddot the levels of exposure of emshy equrcl to the height of the upper of any

two lines middot lo-ng his firs~ employmert in zn bull o middotltlt~ 11 no case shall the samping be occtipaticn expoed to ci-oorre co~shy~ ~ reater than 6 (2) Caution labels-() Tabeling Cau~ ~~ ir~l~rvflls g months

tion labels shlt1ll be afed to nll mw centrntions of asO~stos fl0e-s a cont)-eshy ~ ~ lilt)yees lthose exposure to asbestos hersive nedic21 cxnnin1tio1 bullhcl s=-au

be foreseen to exceed mateilts mixtures scrap waste debis ~middot middot--ailt~aoi conWin1g incl ude as a middot1middot~ p-cs~~ middotibed R1d prodatts usbestcs n1i1imurl l n hest rvetshy

lit by paragraph (b) o~her

(lt gerogram (post-erior- ante-io r fibe-s or to their containers excegtt 14 x 17 t tha~ ~ s ~cc~ on inches) a hhtory to elicit synpto--1shyno IaJel Is r~uin~d where asbestos ftbers bull3 rrr-)nmcntltl moniorino-lti) a atoogy r atory ho1middote ot repbeen modified by oo1ding agent dse~--gte acl ~- bll be COIceted from areas of pul rcolnmiddot functon tests to coJting bnder or other mJteliJ so thJt ir~~lldc

middot middotmiddot c~middotr~nment which are rCJEcsentshy forced durng any reasoaltgtbly fceeeable use Yi t J capc ty ltFVC) nnd fo-ced

middot middot o f ~~~ aibome concentrJtions of expiratory volune at 1 ecnnd cpv~) l1anding stor1g~ disposaJ processing or middot ~ middot t( J1~~rs -hich may middotelttch the (3) crcmina~ors On or beshytrarpomiddottatloa no nirborre Annual cot~centJshymiddot middot bull ~ ~~ ~ 20~e of employees Samples tions o or fore January 31 ll73 nnd et floers Ll l7ts a-asbestos excess tlte

middot ibull C(ccttd on a membrmc filter nua~ly thrltaftcr crery emplo~middot~=- shll epourc limit-s prescribed in partgraph i n l- middoton~er porosity mounted in p-omiddotide or 1n1kc avaiLble cot~) ~middotc-hcn (bgt of this sec~on will be released

middothmiddotc it~middot holder Sc1)ics shall sin~ m~cical exuni~atiolts tv Elti or his (ii) L ebel speciic~tions Th( ctution

middot gt -)middot cr~tcrrnination of the 8shy eYJpiorce-s enga~td in oc~~lt~Jns ~x~ itbcgt reqt-x by sutdlmiddoti~middotion () o this middot - i ~-~ hted t P0sed ~ avera e airborne to airborne rontc-1trrt ~ivrs o Rsshy

subp1ragr~ph sh~ll be printed iil iettes middot~( ltme of the celllng conshy w bcstos fibers Such ~ntai cx~m i ~lmiddot~

o stfkicnt size rnd cont-as~ ~ to middot c cmiddot - -eestos fibergt hall inc~ltdc PS P r1nInL r ~~~ ~t

r incHy visible r~nd lc2 lJle Ihe Jtbel sl~l ro~tg~norarn ltnostelor-aJt~middotro H middot --_ q jmiddotmiddotlticcy tud patterns gt st~tc 17 L1chcsgt a h toy to cHrit syu) tv-n shy

middot middot middotmiddot - -~ ctctenninatots rPqui-~d C liTlON atvlo o r~-tra~orr 11)~~ n~d middot middot gt middot middot middotabullh ltl) of thismiddotnargmph Coablns tbbcs~oa Flbr3 pumon gtry fuctiJn tcss to tlcmiddote ~ r i te oi such f rcci~~~ncy ancl Avod Crt~tlcg Jst forced vital c1plcl ty (1-VCgt ~~nd for(~

middot middot lt o rmiddot~middotesnt with re tsoaabl~ Brcthlnz k1gte~ ~OI Dtst ~by Ci~USG sxond t

cxpiratcry vohlne at 1 ltPFV) ~ ~ ~ ~ve Of CXPOSlC of th~ Str OlS 3i-tli) Earm

middotmiddotmiddot middot 1 no cmiddotse sitll s1mJlinc be

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RUES AND fGUlATIO--s

(1) 7emiddot7inatim ot employment Tile cngtioyc- shall provld or mlt~kc avashynnie wil~1i1 30 calendar day before or after tllc tcrmlJatlol or enp2vYmen~ or auy empln-ec enr-n~ed in ~n ccctpltgtticn exposed to alrton~e corcntratio3 or t1Sli~ts fibers n con1prchen~~middote rnedical c~middot rn~l~Uon -rl~t ch ~tall i1 1 t i~~ -3 minrrttrrt K ch~-gtt rotrt~Corarn (pcsshyttro ntc~middotior 4 x 1middot7 L~(hC3) a lJs tt)y to elcit s~rnp~on 1tolog--J o resptmiddot~~VlJ Cgteas~ a11J ptlmorary function tests to include tomiddotced ito cpoundtpacity ltPvC) anct forccrl e)r3tvrY volume E~t second ltFEV )

(5) Recent caminations No meclcU ltgtKlminn~ot 1s rcquired of my emshyployee if adequate r~co-ds show tnat the employe-) has been cxmlncd ln rcshycordance wi~h this paragraph wit1in the past 1-YIlr period

(6) Medica records-(i) Mainteshynance Employers of employees examined pursuant to th~s pamgyaph sl11ll catse to be ttnaln~d complete and ~ccuratbull3 re-xgtrds o all such me-lical eaminsshytions R-ccorcs sh-ll be re~ained byemployers for at least 20 ye-ars

OD Access Tne contenc of the recods middot o the rredical e-amlnations nQulred b titis pahrraph smll be made avallaole for inspection rnd tOPY1ng

to the Assistant Secret-ary of LabltJr for Occupations Safety 2-~d E~th the Director of lfOSH to suthonzed physishy

clans and medlcll consultfmts of either of them rmd tgton tlle rcqtest of an enshyployee or former employee to hLgt pl~middotsbullshyclan Any physician who conducts a medicnl examination reqtured by th1s P ltgtrltgtc

of

tha middotJlh

tJ ~hall furnish to the11 employerbull

cxumineG Cnployee r the l

lll1~shym~tion specifically reqtrcd by tl1s paragraph and nny oth~r medical mshyformation rtlated to Ccupa~lonal exposure to asbestos fibers

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- Health Hazard Evaluation Determination 73-135

The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) received such a request from an authorized representative of employees regarding exposure to materials mentioned previously at the Kalser Permanente Cement Company Lucerne Valley California

IV HEALTH HAZARD EVALUATION

Conditions of Use

The Kaiser Permanente Cement Company at Lucerne Valley California is engaged in the quarrying of high erade limestone and manufacture of Portland Cement under the trade name of Pernanente A safety inspection was performed on Augus t 6 1973 by the State of California Bureau of lanes I nspector This inspection terminated at the point tvhere the raH slurry entered the kiln It was felt this set a jurisdictional precedent between NIOSH and the Bureau of flines authority at this plant for this survey Therefore the hazard evaluation survey was started at the kiln

B Horksite Evaluation

A preliminary survey tvas conducted by NIOSH investigators on September 20 1974 to determine potential lealth tgtazcrds in the Hork environment The bagging of cement containing a~bestos was not in operation during the preliminary survey and it was necessary to conduct a survey when this process was in operation On January 29gt 1974gt NIOSH investigashytors conducted a follow-up survey to determine exposure levels to asbestos dust free silica and iron oxide While deterrrlning sampling locations on January 28th it was noted that a pipe used to transfer flue dust from the silo to the storage area was leaking causing this dust to contaminate the tvork environment The leak had been repaired before our sampling on January 29th and the visible dust tv-as much less in the work environment ~e were informed that the flue dust is very corrosive to the transfer pipes which presents a maintenance problem Leaking pipes should be quickly repaired to prevent unnecessary exposure of the workmen to flue dusts or other materials

It was mentioned that asbestos is used in the Kaisers Permanente Plastic Gun Cement Four people are invol ved in the loading blending and bagging of the cement in a building referred to as the Packing Area Only one person comes in contact with the asbestos All personnel in the Packing Area during the mixing of asbestos containing cement are potentially exposed to the airborne fibers Hmvever the blender operator is the only one

11 11working with the pure asbestos

~~This is an infrequent operation Hhich only operates about 2--4- hours per day once or twice a veek

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SUBSTA~CE



Total dust 15 mgN3



Total dust

cubic meter of

30mgM3 Si02 + 3

air

2 Toxic Effects

a Asbestos



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1 Air Sampling

a Asbestos






c Free Silica






V RECOHHLNDATIOlS


A ill r ea












I dI(

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C Cottrells


D General


VI REFERENCES









Acknowled~ments_



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Haterial Si02 Fe

Clinker Dust 00 17




Red Bone 87 4 0





Material Percentage

Fe2o3 578

Si02 2 3

Al203 26

CaO 110

tfgO 22

Zn lt10


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Asbestos




935- 1059 2 8 50


712-9 37 23 5 0 937-1035 21 50


1 minute sample 3 4 50 2 11 19 5 0

II 06 50 11 3 2 8 50




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1-29-74

Location









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Respirable Dust


--------------------~


Total Dust




Hiller 06 1 25 6 5





Sack Loader 86






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APPENDIX





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bull cmiddotf ~


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~~l()n~l ~l~~~~~~~




1 middot

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per cc



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SUBSTA~CE



Total dust 15 mgN3



Total dust

cubic meter of

30mgM3 Si02 + 3

air

2 Toxic Effects

a Asbestos



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i

I I I

l I

I

l I

I l

l

I

I

I

I

l I l l

I I

r l I I

t I j

I

l I

I l

I l



1 Air Sampling

a Asbestos






c Free Silica






V RECOHHLNDATIOlS


A ill r ea












I dI(

I i

middot


C Cottrells


D General


VI REFERENCES









Acknowled~ments_



I i

1 I I

I l

I I

I

I

I

j

I

~

II

I l

I I

I I I I l

l l

I

I


Haterial Si02 Fe

Clinker Dust 00 17




Red Bone 87 4 0





Material Percentage

Fe2o3 578

Si02 2 3

Al203 26

CaO 110

tfgO 22

Zn lt10


I I

i

I I

I I

I I


Asbestos




935- 1059 2 8 50


712-9 37 23 5 0 937-1035 21 50


1 minute sample 3 4 50 2 11 19 5 0

II 06 50 11 3 2 8 50




l shy

1

t

I II

l

I

I I

I l

I

1

l 1

I I

I 1i

I I l

middotI

l I l

I

I I l


1-29-74

Location









shy

I i I 1

1 lIl ~

1

I

1 1

f I

1


Respirable Dust


--------------------~


Total Dust




Hiller 06 1 25 6 5





Sack Loader 86






I

I

I


I I

I

I

APPENDIX





shy

shy

shy






























shy

shy

shy

shy


f l

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shyshy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy








bull cmiddotf ~


bi~





~~l()n~l ~l~~~~~~~




1 middot

middot

middot middotmiddot

middot

middot

middot

middot_










































shy

shy

shy

shy

l

I I I

I ii

1

f

I

l i I

I

I ~








of

tha middotJlh




shy

shy

I l I

I l

i

I l

- real th Hazard Evaluation Determina tion 73-135 i




SUBSTA~CE



Total dust 15 mgN3



Total dust

cubic meter of

30mgM3 Si02 + 3

air

2 Toxic Effects

a Asbestos



I I

I










i

I I I

l I

I

l I

I l

l

I

I

I

I

l I l l

I I

r l I I

t I j

I

l I

I l

I l



1 Air Sampling

a Asbestos






c Free Silica






V RECOHHLNDATIOlS


A ill r ea












I dI(

I i

middot


C Cottrells


D General


VI REFERENCES









Acknowled~ments_



I i

1 I I

I l

I I

I

I

I

j

I

~

II

I l

I I

I I I I l

l l

I

I


Haterial Si02 Fe

Clinker Dust 00 17




Red Bone 87 4 0





Material Percentage

Fe2o3 578

Si02 2 3

Al203 26

CaO 110

tfgO 22

Zn lt10


I I

i

I I

I I

I I


Asbestos




935- 1059 2 8 50


712-9 37 23 5 0 937-1035 21 50


1 minute sample 3 4 50 2 11 19 5 0

II 06 50 11 3 2 8 50




l shy

1

t

I II

l

I

I I

I l

I

1

l 1

I I

I 1i

I I l

middotI

l I l

I

I I l


1-29-74

Location









shy

I i I 1

1 lIl ~

1

I

1 1

f I

1


Respirable Dust


--------------------~


Total Dust




Hiller 06 1 25 6 5





Sack Loader 86






I

I

I


I I

I

I

APPENDIX





shy

shy

shy






























shy

shy

shy

shy


f l

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shyshy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy








bull cmiddotf ~


bi~





~~l()n~l ~l~~~~~~~




1 middot

middot

middot middotmiddot

middot

middot

middot

middot_










































shy

shy

shy

shy

l

I I I

I ii

1

f

I

l i I

I

I ~








of

tha middotJlh




shy

shy

I l I

I l

I I

I










i

I I I

l I

I

l I

I l

l

I

I

I

I

l I l l

I I

r l I I

t I j

I

l I

I l

I l



1 Air Sampling

a Asbestos






c Free Silica






V RECOHHLNDATIOlS


A ill r ea












I dI(

I i

middot


C Cottrells


D General


VI REFERENCES









Acknowled~ments_



I i

1 I I

I l

I I

I

I

I

j

I

~

II

I l

I I

I I I I l

l l

I

I


Haterial Si02 Fe

Clinker Dust 00 17




Red Bone 87 4 0





Material Percentage

Fe2o3 578

Si02 2 3

Al203 26

CaO 110

tfgO 22

Zn lt10


I I

i

I I

I I

I I


Asbestos




935- 1059 2 8 50


712-9 37 23 5 0 937-1035 21 50


1 minute sample 3 4 50 2 11 19 5 0

II 06 50 11 3 2 8 50




l shy

1

t

I II

l

I

I I

I l

I

1

l 1

I I

I 1i

I I l

middotI

l I l

I

I I l


1-29-74

Location









shy

I i I 1

1 lIl ~

1

I

1 1

f I

1


Respirable Dust


--------------------~


Total Dust




Hiller 06 1 25 6 5





Sack Loader 86






I

I

I


I I

I

I

APPENDIX





shy

shy

shy






























shy

shy

shy

shy


f l

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shyshy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy








bull cmiddotf ~


bi~





~~l()n~l ~l~~~~~~~




1 middot

middot

middot middotmiddot

middot

middot

middot

middot_










































shy

shy

shy

shy

l

I I I

I ii

1

f

I

l i I

I

I ~








of

tha middotJlh




shy

shy

I l I

I l

l I l l

I I

r l I I

t I j

I

l I

I l

I l



1 Air Sampling

a Asbestos






c Free Silica






V RECOHHLNDATIOlS


A ill r ea












I dI(

I i

middot


C Cottrells


D General


VI REFERENCES









Acknowled~ments_



I i

1 I I

I l

I I

I

I

I

j

I

~

II

I l

I I

I I I I l

l l

I

I


Haterial Si02 Fe

Clinker Dust 00 17




Red Bone 87 4 0





Material Percentage

Fe2o3 578

Si02 2 3

Al203 26

CaO 110

tfgO 22

Zn lt10


I I

i

I I

I I

I I


Asbestos




935- 1059 2 8 50


712-9 37 23 5 0 937-1035 21 50


1 minute sample 3 4 50 2 11 19 5 0

II 06 50 11 3 2 8 50




l shy

1

t

I II

l

I

I I

I l

I

1

l 1

I I

I 1i

I I l

middotI

l I l

I

I I l


1-29-74

Location









shy

I i I 1

1 lIl ~

1

I

1 1

f I

1


Respirable Dust


--------------------~


Total Dust




Hiller 06 1 25 6 5





Sack Loader 86






I

I

I


I I

I

I

APPENDIX





shy

shy

shy






























shy

shy

shy

shy


f l

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shyshy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy








bull cmiddotf ~


bi~





~~l()n~l ~l~~~~~~~




1 middot

middot

middot middotmiddot

middot

middot

middot

middot_










































shy

shy

shy

shy

l

I I I

I ii

1

f

I

l i I

I

I ~








of

tha middotJlh




shy

shy

I l I

I l


V RECOHHLNDATIOlS


A ill r ea












I dI(

I i

middot


C Cottrells


D General


VI REFERENCES









Acknowled~ments_



I i

1 I I

I l

I I

I

I

I

j

I

~

II

I l

I I

I I I I l

l l

I

I


Haterial Si02 Fe

Clinker Dust 00 17




Red Bone 87 4 0





Material Percentage

Fe2o3 578

Si02 2 3

Al203 26

CaO 110

tfgO 22

Zn lt10


I I

i

I I

I I

I I


Asbestos




935- 1059 2 8 50


712-9 37 23 5 0 937-1035 21 50


1 minute sample 3 4 50 2 11 19 5 0

II 06 50 11 3 2 8 50




l shy

1

t

I II

l

I

I I

I l

I

1

l 1

I I

I 1i

I I l

middotI

l I l

I

I I l


1-29-74

Location









shy

I i I 1

1 lIl ~

1

I

1 1

f I

1


Respirable Dust


--------------------~


Total Dust




Hiller 06 1 25 6 5





Sack Loader 86






I

I

I


I I

I

I

APPENDIX





shy

shy

shy






























shy

shy

shy

shy


f l

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shyshy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy








bull cmiddotf ~


bi~





~~l()n~l ~l~~~~~~~




1 middot

middot

middot middotmiddot

middot

middot

middot

middot_










































shy

shy

shy

shy

l

I I I

I ii

1

f

I

l i I

I

I ~








of

tha middotJlh




shy

shy

I l I

I l

middot


C Cottrells


D General


VI REFERENCES









Acknowled~ments_



I i

1 I I

I l

I I

I

I

I

j

I

~

II

I l

I I

I I I I l

l l

I

I


Haterial Si02 Fe

Clinker Dust 00 17




Red Bone 87 4 0





Material Percentage

Fe2o3 578

Si02 2 3

Al203 26

CaO 110

tfgO 22

Zn lt10


I I

i

I I

I I

I I


Asbestos




935- 1059 2 8 50


712-9 37 23 5 0 937-1035 21 50


1 minute sample 3 4 50 2 11 19 5 0

II 06 50 11 3 2 8 50




l shy

1

t

I II

l

I

I I

I l

I

1

l 1

I I

I 1i

I I l

middotI

l I l

I

I I l


1-29-74

Location









shy

I i I 1

1 lIl ~

1

I

1 1

f I

1


Respirable Dust


--------------------~


Total Dust




Hiller 06 1 25 6 5





Sack Loader 86






I

I

I


I I

I

I

APPENDIX





shy

shy

shy






























shy

shy

shy

shy


f l

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shyshy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy








bull cmiddotf ~


bi~





~~l()n~l ~l~~~~~~~




1 middot

middot

middot middotmiddot

middot

middot

middot

middot_










































shy

shy

shy

shy

l

I I I

I ii

1

f

I

l i I

I

I ~








of

tha middotJlh




shy

shy

I l I

I l

II

I l

I I

I I I I l

l l

I

I


Haterial Si02 Fe

Clinker Dust 00 17




Red Bone 87 4 0





Material Percentage

Fe2o3 578

Si02 2 3

Al203 26

CaO 110

tfgO 22

Zn lt10


I I

i

I I

I I

I I


Asbestos




935- 1059 2 8 50


712-9 37 23 5 0 937-1035 21 50


1 minute sample 3 4 50 2 11 19 5 0

II 06 50 11 3 2 8 50




l shy

1

t

I II

l

I

I I

I l

I

1

l 1

I I

I 1i

I I l

middotI

l I l

I

I I l


1-29-74

Location









shy

I i I 1

1 lIl ~

1

I

1 1

f I

1


Respirable Dust


--------------------~


Total Dust




Hiller 06 1 25 6 5





Sack Loader 86






I

I

I


I I

I

I

APPENDIX





shy

shy

shy






























shy

shy

shy

shy


f l

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shyshy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy








bull cmiddotf ~


bi~





~~l()n~l ~l~~~~~~~




1 middot

middot

middot middotmiddot

middot

middot

middot

middot_










































shy

shy

shy

shy

l

I I I

I ii

1

f

I

l i I

I

I ~








of

tha middotJlh




shy

shy

I l I

I l


Material Percentage

Fe2o3 578

Si02 2 3

Al203 26

CaO 110

tfgO 22

Zn lt10


I I

i

I I

I I

I I


Asbestos




935- 1059 2 8 50


712-9 37 23 5 0 937-1035 21 50


1 minute sample 3 4 50 2 11 19 5 0

II 06 50 11 3 2 8 50




l shy

1

t

I II

l

I

I I

I l

I

1

l 1

I I

I 1i

I I l

middotI

l I l

I

I I l


1-29-74

Location









shy

I i I 1

1 lIl ~

1

I

1 1

f I

1


Respirable Dust


--------------------~


Total Dust




Hiller 06 1 25 6 5





Sack Loader 86






I

I

I


I I

I

I

APPENDIX





shy

shy

shy






























shy

shy

shy

shy


f l

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shyshy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy








bull cmiddotf ~


bi~





~~l()n~l ~l~~~~~~~




1 middot

middot

middot middotmiddot

middot

middot

middot

middot_










































shy

shy

shy

shy

l

I I I

I ii

1

f

I

l i I

I

I ~








of

tha middotJlh




shy

shy

I l I

I l


Asbestos




935- 1059 2 8 50


712-9 37 23 5 0 937-1035 21 50


1 minute sample 3 4 50 2 11 19 5 0

II 06 50 11 3 2 8 50




l shy

1

t

I II

l

I

I I

I l

I

1

l 1

I I

I 1i

I I l

middotI

l I l

I

I I l


1-29-74

Location









shy

I i I 1

1 lIl ~

1

I

1 1

f I

1


Respirable Dust


--------------------~


Total Dust




Hiller 06 1 25 6 5





Sack Loader 86






I

I

I


I I

I

I

APPENDIX





shy

shy

shy






























shy

shy

shy

shy


f l

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shyshy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy








bull cmiddotf ~


bi~





~~l()n~l ~l~~~~~~~




1 middot

middot

middot middotmiddot

middot

middot

middot

middot_










































shy

shy

shy

shy

l

I I I

I ii

1

f

I

l i I

I

I ~








of

tha middotJlh




shy

shy

I l I

I l

I I l


1-29-74

Location









shy

I i I 1

1 lIl ~

1

I

1 1

f I

1


Respirable Dust


--------------------~


Total Dust




Hiller 06 1 25 6 5





Sack Loader 86






I

I

I


I I

I

I

APPENDIX





shy

shy

shy






























shy

shy

shy

shy


f l

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shyshy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy








bull cmiddotf ~


bi~





~~l()n~l ~l~~~~~~~




1 middot

middot

middot middotmiddot

middot

middot

middot

middot_










































shy

shy

shy

shy

l

I I I

I ii

1

f

I

l i I

I

I ~








of

tha middotJlh




shy

shy

I l I

I l


Respirable Dust


--------------------~


Total Dust




Hiller 06 1 25 6 5





Sack Loader 86






I

I

I


I I

I

I

APPENDIX





shy

shy

shy






























shy

shy

shy

shy


f l

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shyshy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy








bull cmiddotf ~


bi~





~~l()n~l ~l~~~~~~~




1 middot

middot

middot middotmiddot

middot

middot

middot

middot_










































shy

shy

shy

shy

l

I I I

I ii

1

f

I

l i I

I

I ~








of

tha middotJlh




shy

shy

I l I

I l


I I

I

I

APPENDIX





shy

shy

shy






























shy

shy

shy

shy


f l

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shyshy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy








bull cmiddotf ~


bi~





~~l()n~l ~l~~~~~~~




1 middot

middot

middot middotmiddot

middot

middot

middot

middot_










































shy

shy

shy

shy

l

I I I

I ii

1

f

I

l i I

I

I ~








of

tha middotJlh




shy

shy

I l I

I l


shy

shy

shy






























shy

shy

shy

shy


f l

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shyshy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy








bull cmiddotf ~


bi~





~~l()n~l ~l~~~~~~~




1 middot

middot

middot middotmiddot

middot

middot

middot

middot_










































shy

shy

shy

shy

l

I I I

I ii

1

f

I

l i I

I

I ~








of

tha middotJlh




shy

shy

I l I

I l

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy

shy








bull cmiddotf ~


bi~





~~l()n~l ~l~~~~~~~




1 middot

middot

middot middotmiddot

middot

middot

middot

middot_










































shy

shy

shy

shy

l

I I I

I ii

1

f

I

l i I

I

I ~








of

tha middotJlh




shy

shy

I l I

I l

1

f

I

l i I

I

I ~








of

tha middotJlh




shy

shy

I l I

I l

health hazard evaluation report 1973-0135-0138 · health hazard evaluation deterhination report no...

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