health and safety health and safety executive plant … and safety health and safety ... training...
TRANSCRIPT
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Health and Safety Executive
Health and Safety Executive
PLANT SAFETY
An overview
Luke Messenger
HM Inspector of Health and Safety - Construction
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• Statistics
• Mobile Plant
• Small Tools and
Equipment
• Health
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Recognition of Risk
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Fatal injuries to workers in the
Construction sector by injury kind
– 2010/11 to 2014/15
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Statistics (all construction plant)
• RIDDOR reported 2005 – 2010
Plant type Fatal Major Over 3 day
Excavator 27 384 435
Dumper 6 191 144
Dump truck 4 114 134
Bulldozer 4 20 33
Load shovel 5 21 39
Crusher 2 5 7
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Excavator incidents (2005 – 10)
Fatal Major Over 3 day
Struck by 14 155 178
Falling objects 5 74 69
Crushed / trapped
/ overturned
7 33 57
Fall from height 1 5 5
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Fatal examples in 2013-15
• Banksman crushed…banking 2 vehicles
• Operator crushed…MEWP overturn
• Pedestrian employee struck by load
shovel
• Pipelayer crushed…concrete slab being
moved using excavator
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• MEWP operator crushed over controls
• Roofer fell 6mtrs from manrider on
telehandler
• Roadworker killed by reversing tar lorry
• Operative struck by excavator arm
• MoP killed by load falling from telehandler
Fatal examples in 2013–15 (Cont.)
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The legislation
• HSWA
• MHSW (Management of Health and Safety at Work,
the Management Regs)
• CDM (Construction, Design and Management Regs)
• PUWER (Provision and Use of Work Equipment)
• LOLER (Lifting operations and lifting equipment)
• WAH (Work at Height Regs)
• PPE Regs
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HSE Guidance Available
Guidance available from HSE
website –
• Traffic Management
• Mobile Plant & Vehicles
• Excavators
• Telehandlers
• MEWPs
• Dumpers
HSG144
www.hse.gov.uk/construction/safetytopics
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Other Guidance
HSE – Information Sheets
CIS No.52 Safe Use of Site Dumpers
GIS No.6 The Selection Management
and Use of MEWPs
Construction Plant-hire Association
(CPA) website
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HSG144 - The objectives
• Safe Site
• Safe Vehicle
• Safe People
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The hierarchy
• Avoid / Reduce
– Plan to reduce vehicle movements sfarp (delivery planning)
– Eliminate / reduce reversing using one way systems
– Selection of plant/equipment
• Segregate
– Design of site entrances
– Provision of barriers to walkways
– Exclusion zones
• Control
– Trained and competent operators
– Maintenance
– Signs and warnings
– Trained vehicle marshals (banksmen)
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Safe site
• SSoW
• Risks from machinery movements considered in RAMS
• Risks include machine movement around site and moving
parts of the machine
– Safe entrances
– Traffic routes
– Exclusion zones
• Pedestrian segregation implemented
– Barriers, briefings, plans, warning signs
• Vehicle marshallers and “Banksmen” competent at control
and self preservation
• Environmental and ground conditions
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Safe entrances
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Safe entrances
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What we tend to see
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Communicate
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Communicate
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Segregation (large site)
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Segregation (smaller site)
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Demarcated walkways
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Segregation, protection
Barrier off or use stop blocks
• Embankment edges
• Excavation edges
• Water
• Sensitive structures
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No protection
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Protection to traffic route
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Preventing overrun
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Not a good idea
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No stop blocks (baulks)
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Effective stop block (baulk)?
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How it might end up
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Deliveries
• Designated loading bays
• Designated storage areas
• Protected / warnings (segregation)
• Proximity to point of use
• Safe work at height
• Safe lifting practices
• Safe vehicle marshalling
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Segregated delivery point
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Falls during deliveries
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Site loading bay (collective prevention)
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Personal fall prevention
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Fall mitigation, loading bay (collective)
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Safe Machines
• Selection – correct tool for the job e.g.
• Tracked vehicles on soft ground
• Demolition machine not 360 excavator
• Lifting attachments
• Size – neither too big nor too small
• Design e.g.
• Tail swing .v. Zero tail swing
• Driver’s Visibility
– Direct
– Indirect (mirrors)
– Vision aids (CCTV and radar
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Safe Machines (Cont.)
• Safe access, including for maintenance
• Driver protection
– ROPS
– Seat restraint
– FOPS
– Environmental (noise, dust, vibration)
• Inspection, Maintenance and Thorough Examination
• Risks from machinery breakdown and repair adequately assessed
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Mobile Plant Hazards
• Most injuries occur when:
• Moving – Pedestrian strikes, particularly while reversing
– Dumper overturns
• Slewing – trapping a person between the excavator and a
fixed structure or vehicle
• Working – moving bucket or other attachment strikes a
pedestrian or when a bucket inadvertently falls from the
excavator.
• Lifting – Overturns trapping operator or persons nearby
– Operators fall from MEWP basket
– Entrapment of MEWP operators between fixed
structures
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Controlling the risks
• Exclusion
• Clearance: When slewing in a confined space
select plant with minimal tail swing. Clearance of
over 0.5m needs to be maintained.
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Controlling the risk - Safe access
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Controlling the risks - Visibility
Sightlines and reversing
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Limited direct vision
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Indirect vision and vision aids
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Problems with vision aids
• Active not passive
• Activate
• Look at it
• Perceive and assess [distortion]
• React
• Unreliable
• Damage or mal-adjustment
• Weather…..sun, rain
• Dirt
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Poor sightlines, even with proper
adjustment
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What can go wrong ?
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It had mirrors and a camera
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But the mirrors didn’t help
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And neither did the camera
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Stability - Telehandlers, the site
workhorse
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But not always stable
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Controlling the risks
• Ground conditions: Work on sloping, uneven or
unstable ground. Manholes? Telehandlers
normally require prepared, flat, graded surfaces
to operate safely. Even rough-terrain lift trucks
have limitations.
• Loading: Prevent overloading. Select correct
vehicle and attachments. Lifting plans. Moving
with a raised load is dangerous and should be
avoided at all times.
• Speed: site speed limit
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Offloading in an exclusion zone
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Or is it ? (any other problems ?)
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Use the right attachments
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Load swing and CoG
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What can go wrong
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Use MEWPs instead for lifting persons
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Controlling the risks - MEWPS
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Dumpers - Stability
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Quick hitches
Deaths have occurred where bucket has fallen from
the machine.
• Manual systems do not feature in the statistics
• Semi-automatic systems are by far the majority,
and occur where the operator has failed to insert
the safety pin
• Incidents with automatic systems do occur,
usually due to the operating not engaging the
bucket fully, or due to component failure
(maintenance?)
• Lifting only with lifting eye on the QH or other
attachment
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Quick Hitches - Maintenance
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Vehicle maintenance
• Must be maintained in safe condition
• Daily pre use checks
– Steering
– Brakes
– Lights, visibility aids
– Warning systems, interlocks and CCTV
• Reporting of defects
• Formal periodic inspections (LOLER)
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Poor maintenance
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Poor maintenance
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Safe People - Competent
operatives
• Safe driver
– Trained for tasks
• Driving on road
• Driving on site
• Lifting operations
• Appreciation of ground conditions
• Daily checks
• Defect reporting
• Avoiding distractions
– Fit for work
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The main problems
• Lack of driver training
• Lack of banksman training
• Lack of lifting operations training
• Lack of planning
• One off “do me a favour”
• Distractions
• Lack of awareness of risk
• “I’ve always done it this way”
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Banksmen, right and wrong
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Training and guidance
• CPCS (Administered by CITB)
– Pant operators
• Dumpers
• Telehandlers
• Lorry loaders
• Banksmen
• ALLMI (association of lorry loader manufacturers and importers)
• NPORS (National plant operator’s registration scheme)
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Training and guidance
• CPA (Construction plant hire association)
– Safe use of telehandlers
– Excavators used for lifting
– Medical fitness
– Ground conditions
– Competence
– Safe use of lorry loaders (jointly badged with CPA)
– Safe use of remote controls (jointly badged with CPA)
• CPA website www.cpa.uk.net
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Think Health
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Accident v Ill Health Fatalities
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Construction health headlines
• 98% work place deaths caused by
occupational disease
• 10 people every week die from silica
• Noise induced hearing loss for construction 3x industry average
• Hand arm vibration for construction 4.5x industry average
• 50 000 reported manual handing injuries
• Average time off per incident is 19 days
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Selection of plant and equipment
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Selection - Control risk
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Small Equipment - Maintenance
• Maintain guards
• Maintain extraction
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Select and Maintain
To reduce:
• Noise
• Vibration
• Dust
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Thank you
Any questions ?