healing herbs of himalaya
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Selected
HEAliNG HERBS OF HIMAlAYA
A pictorial o Herbaria Guide
Jawaharlal Nehru Bhartiya Chikitsa Evam Homoeopathy
Anusandhan Bhavan, 61 - 65 Institutional Area,
Opp. "D" Block, Janakpuri, New Delhi - 110058
2008
Publisher :
Central Council for Research in Ayurveda & Siddha
Department of AYUSH, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare,
Government of India.
Jawaharlal Nehru Bhartiya Chikitsa Evam Homoeopathy
Anusandhan Bhavan, 61-65 Institutional Area, Opp. "D" Block,
Janakpuri, New Delhi- 110058.
Email: [email protected]
© Central Council for Research in Ayurveda & Siddha, New Delhi 2008
ISBN 978-81-7525-992-8
Photography, Coverpage s & Book designed by :
Dr.G.V.R.Joseph, Assistant Director (Botany), CCRAS, New Delhi.
Printer : Pearl Offset Press Pvt. Ltd.
5/33 Kirti Nagar Industrial Area, New Delhi - 110 015.
ii
Patron:
Smt. Anita Das, Secretary Department of A YUSH
....
Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Government of India
Shri. Shiv Basant, Joint Secretary Department of A YUSH Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Government of India
Shri. S. K. Chadha, Director Department of A YUSH Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Government of India
Chief Editor :
Dr. G. S. Lavekar, Director CCRAS, New Delhi.
Co- Editor:
Dr. M. M. Padhi, Dy. Director (Tech), CCRAS, New Delhi.
Work carried out by :
Dr. G. V. R. Joseph, Assistant Director (Botany), CCRAS, New Delhi.
Assisted By :
Sh. Jagdish Chandra Arya, R. A. (Botany) CCRAS, New Delhi.
Sl. No
1 2 3 4 5
Participating Institutes
Name of the Institute
Regional Research Institute (Ayurveda), Regional Research Institute (Ayurveda),
Regional Research Institute (Ayurveda),
Regional Research Institute (Ayurveda),
SOWA RIGPA Research Centre,
Location
Tarikhet, Uttarakhand
ltanagar, Arunachal Pradesh
Guwahati, Assam
Gangtok, Sikkim
Leh - Ladakh, Jammu and Kashmir
Contributers
Sl. No. Name of the Officers Disignation Institute
1 Dr. P.C. Sharma Ex.A.D.(Bot.) RRI(Ay.), Pune
2 Sh. Kailash Chandra Ex.A.D (Bot.) RRI(Ay), Pune
3 Dr. O.P. Mishra Ex.A. D(Bot.) NMPB, Delhi.
4 Dr. M.A. Uniyal Ex. R.O (Ay.) RRI(Ay.), Tarikhet
5 Sh. R.N. Tewari Ex.R.O (Bot.) RRI(Ay.), Tarikhet
6 Dr. R.K. Issar Ex.R.O (Bot.) RRI (Ay.), Jhansi
7 Sh. R.S. Dixit Ex.R.O (Bot.) RRI (Ay.), Jhansi
8 Dr. V.P. Tewari Ex.R.O.(Ay.) RRI(Ay.), Tarikhet
9 Dr. V.K. Singh Ex.R.O.(Ay.) RRI (Ay.), Jhansi
10 Sh. K.C. Tewari Ex.R.O.(Bot.) RRI(Ay.), Tarikhet
11 Dr. L. N. Sharma Ex.R.O.(Bot.) RRC(Ay.), Jammu
12 Late. Dr. R. Majumdar Ex.R.O.(Bot.) RRI(Ay.), Guwahati
13 Late. H.C. Pandey Ex.R.O.(Bot.) CRI(Ay.), Lucknow
14 Dr. M.C. Joshi Ex.R.O.(Bot.) RRI (Ay.), Jhansi
15 Sh. S.C. Pant Ex.R.O.(P) CCRAS, HQ. New Delhi
16 Sh. Jugal Kishore Gurani Ex. A.A. (Bot) RRI, (Ay.), Tarikhet
17 Sh. R.K. Tamta Ex. A.A. (Bot) RRI(Ay.), Tarikhet
18 Dr.Rajiv Kumar Sharma S.S.O. (Bot) PLIM, Gazhiabad
19 Dr. P.C. Joshi Ex. R.O (Ch.) RRI(Ay.), Tarikhet
20 Dr. Ramashankar R.O.(Bot.) RRI (Ay.), ltanagar
21 Dr. P.B. Singh R.O.(Bot.) RRI (Ay.) , Jhansi
22 Dr. G.C. Joshi R.O.(Bot.) RRI(Ay.), Tarikhet
23 Sh. N. K. Pandey, R.O (Bot.) CRI(Ay.), Gwalior
24 Dr. A. K. Panda R.O.(Ay.) RRI (Ay.), Gangtok
25 Dr. Om Raj Sharma R.O (Ay.) RRI, (Ay.), Mandi
26 Dr. Padma Gurmeet R.O. (Amchi) Sowa Rigpa Res. Center, Leh
27 Dr. Rajesh Ku. Mudaiya A.R.O (Bot.) RRI (Ay.), Jhansi
28 Dr. M.S. Rawat A.R.O (Bot.) HRDI, Gopeshwar
29 Sh. Jagdish Chandra Arya A.A. (Bot) CCRAS, HQ. New Delhi
30 Km. Deepshikha Arya A.A. (Bot) RRI(Ay.), Tarikhet
~Gm ANITADAS
Foreword
SECRETARY GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
MINISTJIY OF HEALTH & FAMILY WELFARE DEPTT. OF AYURVEDA, YOGA & NATUROPATHY, UNANI, SIDDHA AND HOMOEOPATHY (AYUSH)
RED CROSS BUILDING. NEW DELHI-110001 Tel.: 011-23715564, Telefax : 011-23327660
E-mail: oecy ... yushOnlc.ln MalllngNo. 110108
The Indian Himalayan Region is one of the major repositories of biodiversity. It supports about 18,440
plant species. The rich diversity of Indian Himalayan Region has been in use since Vedic period (Rig
Veda 4500-1600 BC). The Charak (1000-800 BC) and Susruta (800-700 BC) described Himalaya as
a major habitat of medicinal plants. The Indian Himalayan Region has an area of 5, 31 ,250 sq. Km
spread over 12 states and constitutes about 16.16% of India's total geographical area. It has about
1,748 species of medicinal plants distributed in Indian Himalayan Region.
The Central Council for Research in Ayurveda and Siddha (CCRAS) has carried out commendable
work in Medico-Ethno-Botanical Research through its peripheral Institutes located at Himalayan
Regions. The present treatise on "Healing Herbs of Himalaya" offers itself as a pictorial and herbaria
guide on 50 important medicinal plants available at Indian Himalayan Region. The book provides an
overview of various facts of the herbal wealth of Indian Himalayan Region. Further the book is an
assimilation of information contained in numerous published as well as unpublished data; herbarium;
Crude drugs and field photos. I am confident that the work carried out by Dr. G.VR. Joseph, R.O.
(Botany) and his team under overall supervision of Dr. M.M. Padhi, D.O. (Tech.) and Dr. G.S. Lavekar,
Director would be of immense use for Researchers, Academicians and Pharma-lndustry. My congratu
lations to Shri Shiv Basant, Joint Secretary and Shri Sanjiv Chadha, Director, Department of AYUSH,
Government of India on this excellent documentation.
23rd July 2008. New Delhi.
vii
(Anita Das)
Gram: "AYUSH"
~\ift. ~- (11~Cf)'( f.!tmt;
DR. G.S. LA VEKAR DIRECTOR
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CENTRAL COUNCIL FOR RESEARCH IN AYURVEDA & SIDDHA Deptt. of A YUSH
(An autonomous organisation, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India) Jawahar Lal Nehru Bhartiya Chikitsa Avam Homoeopathy Anusandhan Bhawan
PREFACE
Since ages herbs and herbal products are being used as medicines. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 80% of the World's population still relies on herbal medicines as its major source of medicinal products. India is one of the richest Biodiversity hot spot in the world and Himalayan region is well known for its herbal wealth.
Central Council for Research in Ayurveda and Siddha through its peripheral Institutes located at Tarikhet, Guwahati, ltanagar, Gangtok, Mandi, Leh have done commendable work in Medico-Ethno-Botanical Research that includes market survey of herbal drugs. The book "Selected Healing Herbs of Himalaya" is a state of art report. The book provides an overview of various facts including updated botanical nomenclature, popular names used in different Indian systems of medicines, IUCN status, uses, threats, formulations, etc. Safety/ toxicity and contra-indications were also covered on the studied plants. Dr. G. V.R. Joseph, Assistant Director (Botany) who is instrumental in carrying out the project "Digitization of Herbarium" has done sincere efforts in bringing out this book.
I appreciate the work carried by: Dr. G.C. Joshi, R.O. (R. R. 1., Tarikhet) for his deep involvement in the field work of Uttarakhand Himalaya and for his assistance in selecting the plants; Dr. M.M. Sharma who put his sincere efforts in going through draft copy and made necessary corrections in "uses and formulations" part of all plants. Mr. Jagdish Chandra Arya R.A. (Bot.) and Mr. Raju Kumar, D.E.O. who are the part of team with Dr. G. V.R. Joseph traveled extensively in remote parts of Himalayan region in connection with Digitization of Herbarium project. Four plant photos i.e. A. benthamii; D. hatagarica; A. glauca; N. jatamansi are taken from the display material of Society of Himalayan Environmental Research, Dehradun, their contribution is acknowledged. I appreciate Ms. Archana Gupta, SRF (Botany), Dr. Tanuja Prasad, SRF (Ayu.) and Dr. Shilpi Das, SRF (Pharmacology) for their valuable assistance in compiling the text material of the book.
Support rendered by some of the officers/staff to Dr. Joseph while taking photos/Digitization related work at Himalayan region is sincerely acknowledged, like are Dr. G.C. Nanda, A.D. (CRI , Bhubaneshwar); Dr. D. Baruah, R.O. (RRI, Guwahati); Dr. Brahma, R.O. (RRI, ltanagar) and Dr. A. K. Mangal, R.O. (CCRAS, HQ). Special appreciation is due to Dr. M.M. Padhi, Deputy Director (Tech.) who overall supervised the work and encouraged the team throughout the work. Thanks to Or. V. K. Singh, A.D. (Botany), CCRUM for his valuable suggestions.
I express my sincere gratitude to Smt. Anita Oas, Secretary, Sh. Shiv Basant, Joint Secretary and Sh. S.K. Chaddha, Director, Dept. of AYUSH, Ministry of Health and Family welfare, Govt. of India for their encouragement and appreciation. Special thanks to Sh. S.K. Chaddha, Director. Dept. of AYUSH for his keen interest and who acted as driving force in this publication.
Date: 23•d July 2008 Place: New Delhi
G.S. Lavekar Chief Editor
Abbreviations
Medicine Systems
Ay. = Ayurveda
Sd. = Siddha
Hp. = Homeopathy
Sr. = Sowa rigpa
Pharmacopoeias
API =
SPI =
HPI =
UPI =
Threats
1 =
2 =
3 =
4 =
5 =
6 =
7 =
8 =
9 =
10 =
11 =
Syn. =
IUCN =
Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India.
Siddha Pharmacopoeia of India.
Homeopathy Pharmacopoeia of India.
Unani Pharmacopoeia of India.
Harvest for Medicine
Loss of Habitat
Human interference
Over exploitation
Trade
Harvest for wood
Edaphic factor
Harvest for food
Trade for parts
Sampling
Not Known
Synonym (s)
International Union for Conservation of Nature
Sl. No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
Foreword
Preface
Abbreviations
Contents
Botanical Names
Abies webbiana Lindl.
CONTENTS
syn. A. spectab/1/s (D. Don.) Spach
Aconitum atrox Linn.
syn. A. ferox Wall. ex Serlnge
Aconitum heterophyllum Wall. ex Royle
Acarus calamus Linn.
Angelica glauca Edgew.
Arnebia benthmaii (Wall. ex G. Don.) John.
Syn. Macrotomia benthamii (Wall.) DC.
Berberis aristata DC.
Syn. 8 . sikkimens/s Sch.
Bergenia ciliata (Haw) Stern b.
Syn. 8 . ligulata Engl.
Betula uti/is D.Don.
syn. 8. bhojpattra Wall.
Callicarpa macrophylla Vahl.
Cedrus deodara (Roxb.) Loud.
Syn. C. llbanl Barrel. var. deodara Hook. f.
Celastrus paniculatus Willd.
Cinnamomum tamala Ham. (Fr. Nees)
Coleus forskohlii Linn.
Sanskrit Nam
Tall sa
Vatsanabha
Ativisha
Vacha
Choraka
Gojivha
Daruharidra
Pashanabheda
VII
IX
X
XI-XIII
Page
1-4
5-6
7-8
9-12
13-16
17-18
19-22
23-26
Bhurja/Bhujapattra 27-28
Priyangu 29-30
Devadaru 31-32
Jyotishmati 33-36
Tvakapatra 37-38
Gandira 39-40
15. Crocus sativus L. Keshara 41-42
16. Dactylorhiza hatazarica D.Don. Munjataka 43-44
Syn. Orchis /at/foils auct. non L.
17. Delphinium denudatum Wall. Nirvisha 45-46
18. Digitalis purpurea Linn. Til push pi 47-48
19. Dioscorea bulbifera Linn. Varahi 49-50
Syn. D. crlspsts Roxb., D. daemons Roxb.
20. Elaeocarpus sphaericus (Gaertn.) K.Schum. Rudraksha 51-52
21. Embelia ribes Burm. Vidanga 53-56
22. Ephedra gerard/ana Wall. Soma 57-60
23. Gent/ana kurroo Royle Trayamana 61-62
24. Gloriosa superba Linn. Langali 63-66
25. Hedychium spicatum Buch.-Ham. ex Sm. Shati 67-68
26. Hippophae rhamnoides Linn. Neichak 69-70
27. Hyoscyamus niger Linn. Parasika Yavani 71-72
28. lnula racemosa Hook.f. Pushkara 73-74
29. Microstylis wallichii Lin die Jivaka 75-76
syn. Ms/sxis scum/nata D.Don.
30. Myrica esculenta Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don. Katphala 77-78
Syn. M. fsrquharlans Wall., M. saplda Wall.,
M. nag/ Hook. f. In part non Thunb.
31. Nardostachys jatamansi DC. Jatamansi 79-82
Syn. Nardostschys grand/flora DC.
32. Oroxy/um indicum Vent. Shyonaka 83-86
33. Picrorhiza kurroa auct. non Royle Katuka 87-90
Syn. P. scrophularlaef/ora Pennell
34. Pinus roxburghii Sarg. Sara Ia 91-92
35. Podophyllum hexandrum Royle Vanatrapushi 93-94
xii
Syn. P. emodi Will ex Royle
36. Polygonatum cirrhifolium Royle Mahameda 95-96
37. Polygonatum verticillatum (L.) Ait. Meda 97-98
38. Portulaca oleracea Linn. Ghotika 99-100
39. Prunus cerasoides D.Don. Padmaka 101-102
40. Rheum australe D.Don. Amlavetasa 103-106
Syn. R. emodi Wall. ex Maisen.
41. Rhus parviflora Roxb. Tintidika 107-108
42. Roscoea procera Wall. Khsirkakoli 109-110
43. Rubia cordifolia Linn. senus Hook.f. Manjishtha 111-112
44. Saussurea costus ( Feic.) Lipach. Kushtha 113-116
Syn. S. lappa (Decne.) Sch. -Bip.
45. Swertia chirayita (Roxb. ex Fleming) Karsten Kiratatikta 117-120
syn. S. chirata Buch. - Ham. ex C.B. Clarke
46. Taxus baccata Linn. Sthauneya 121-124
47. Thalictrum foliolosum DC. Pitamulika 125-126
48. Thymus serpy/lum Linn. Ajagandha 127-128
49. Valeriana wallichii DC. Kalanusari 129-130
Syn. V. jatamansi Jones
50. Zanthoxylum armatum DC. Tejovati 131-132
Syn. Z. alatum Roxb. var. planisplnum (Sieb. & Zucc.)
Rehd. & E.H. Wils, Z. p/anispinum Sieb. & Zucc.
References 133-135
xiii
Botanical Name
Popular Name15·44
Family
Distribution
IUCN Status40
Threats
PartJs1o,38
Adulterant/s
Substitute/s49
Dose/s15· 44
Uses15
Formulations15
Safety/Toxicity35
Contra indication
Abies webbiana Lindl.
Syn. A. spectabilis (D. Don.) Spach.
Talisha, Patradhyam (Ay.)
Pinaceae
Himalayas at an altitude ranging between 2800-3000 m.
Common
Stem Bark, Leaf
Abies pindrow Royle., Rhododendron anthopogon D. Don
Leaves of Taxus baccata Linn.
Leaf powder - 2-3 gm
Ay. : Cough (Kasa), Poor Appetite (Agnimandya), Hiccough
(Hikka), Worm infestation (Krimi), Tuberculosis (Kshaya),
Diseases of mouth (Mukharoga), Asthma (Shvasa), Lump in
abdomen (Gulma), Emesis (Chhardi), Anorexia (Aruchi).
Ay. : Drakshadi Churna, Talisadi Churna, Bhaskaralavana Churna,
Pranada Gutika, Jatiphaladi Churna, Puga Khanda, Talisadi
Modaka.
Resin said to intoxicate when taken internally.
Hypersensitivity to the drug.
Abies webbiana Lindl.
Abies webbiana Lindl.
- 11111Aaat CIINDI ....,... - ""-* ~-1
,. •. .!~- ......... ws ....... - ..sw --------
-A_ ........ '-------- Jl.wu_III'!M;_.JaW,_ -- -------
....... ~ __,.~-AIHL I :·~.~.~: ~:~· ~-· - ... _ ..... . .............. __ ~ ... ·-· ........ . ~-----------------
"~ ~~·· .. ..., ... 1111 J•-.au ... ............ , ...... _., ...... _ ....
._..._..., "Y51'f ...... ~ '' • n·
-- 11-- - ,........__., s,->-:::...::.. i~ =~ WIMI~t-,...!:t..u.J-- - ---<17' • ..~.. ..___
Abies pindrow Spach.
- .. ~c....:=::... ......
-;Ill-., ... . ... -- fril.4o,"- .1-- (,_..~
Botanical Name Aconitum atrox Linn. Syn. A. ferox Wall. ex Ser.
Popular Name8•44 Vatsanabha, Visha (Ay.)
Family Ranunculaceae
Distribution 47 Garhwal to Sikkim Himalayas at an altitude ranging between
IUCN Status 45
Threats45
Part/s38
Adulterant/s
Substitute/s
Dose/s44
Uses 6 •44
/
Properties
Formulations 9•47
Safety!Toxicity
3046 - 4250m.
Critically rare
2, 4,1 & 5
Root
Root powder -1Q-15 mg.
Ay. : Polyurea (Prameha), Headache (Shirashula), Nasal Catarrh,
Tonsillitis, Sore Throat, Gastric disorders, Debility and Fever of
Inflammatory origin, Neuralgia and Rheumatism.
Sedative and Diaphoretic
Contra indication Hypersensitivity to the drug
Aconitum atrox Linn.
) , . .,, .. lt:all
............. t::"t:.r.:'!:!'Ho-.., ...._.... 2(··~-
Botanical Name Aconitum heterophyllum Wall. ex Royle
Popular Name4•10.20 Ativisa (Ay.); Bong-nga dkar-po rigs-dang-po (Sr.); Atees Shireen(Un.)
Family Ranunculaceae
Distribution 19•44 Western Himalayas at an altitude ranging between 2,500-4,000m viz. Garhwal, Kumaon, Kashmir and Arunachal Pradesh.
IUCN Status45 Critically Endangered
Threats 45 2, 4, 3, 1 & 5
Part/s 4 Root
Adulternt/s 49 Dried tubers of Asparagus gonocladus Baker
Substitute/s
Uses 4,&, 1o,11,19, 20, .. 1
Properties
Formulations 4•
20•
24
Safety/Toxlcity19
Contra indication
Roots of Chaerophyllum vi/losum Wall., Delphinium denudatum Wall.
Root powder - 0.6 - 2.0gm
Ay. : Cough (Kasa), Fever (Jvara) , Emesis (Chhardi) In Children, Hysteria (Yoshapasmara) ,Throat infections, Dyspepsia (Ajlrna), Emesis (Chhardi), Abdominal pain (Udara shula), Diabetes (Madhumeha).
Sd. : Acute diarrhoea.
Sr. : Antidote against snake and scorpion bite, Fever , Disorders of Intestine.
Un. : Blood purifier (Fasad-ud-Dam), Leprosy (Juzam), Leucoderma (Bar), Pityriasis alba (Bahaq Abyza).
Ay. : Antipyretic (Jvaraghna), Antidiarrhoeal (Atlsaraghna), Anthelmenthic (Krimighna).
Sd. : Kabada Matthirai, Nantl Mzhuku, Narattai ilakam, Pura Mattlrai.
Un : Sufoof-e-Bars.
Overdose (5-6gm) can cause toxic signs and symptoms such as throat congestion.
Hypersensitivity to the drug
Aconitum heterophyllum Wall. ex Royle
Botanical Name
Popular name6•10
Family
Distribution
IUCN Status45
Threats 45
Partls 44
Adulterant/s 42•49
Substitute/s
Dose/s 6
Uses s, a ,1o,11, 44
Formulations8
Safety/Toxicity
Contra indication
4
Acarus calamus Linn.
Vacha (Ay.); Shu-dag nag-po (Sr.)
Araceae
Wild or cultivated throughout Himalayas at an altitude
ascending up to 1800 m
Vulnerable, Rare
2,1 & 5
Rhizome
Roots of Althaea officina/is Linn., Rhizomes of Costus speciosus
(Koenig) Sm.
Rhizome powder- 60-120 mg.
Ay. : Epilepsy(Apasmara), Asthma (Shwasa), Cough (Kasa)
Constipation (Vibandha), Schizophrenia (Unmada), Flatulence
(Adhmana), Ear discharge (Karnashrava), Loss of memory (Smriti
daurbalaya), Pain (Shula), Skin diseases (Kustha), Headache
(Shirahshula), Alopecia (Khalitya), Colic (Udarashula), Piles
(Arsha), Indigestion (Ajirna), Acid gastritis, Retention of urine,
Abdominal distention, Mental ailments, Glandular and Abdominal
tumors.
Sd. : Dyspepsia, Cold, Bronchitis, Fever, Skin diseases.
Sr. : Indigestion , Inflammation , Diptheria, Heart disorder.
Ay. : Vachadi Taila, Vacha-Jasunadi Taila, Sarasvata Churna,
Sarsvatarishta, Chandraprabha Vati, Khadiradi Vati, Hingu
Vachadi Churna.
Hypersensitivity to the drug.
Acarus calamus Linn.
Costus speciosus Sims.
Costus speciosus Sims.
Botanical Name
Popular Name10•18
Family
Distribution
IUCN Status45
Threats45
Part/s18
Adulterant/s49
Substitute/s
Dose/s 18
Uses 6• 18
•44
/
Properties6•10
Formulations 18
Safety/Toxicity
Angelica glauca Edgew.
Choraka (Ay.); JCa-ba g.yung-ba (Sr.)
Apiaceae
Temperate North-West Himalayas at an altitude ranging between
3000-4500m
Criticallly rare
1, 4, & 5
Root
Roots and Rhizomes of Angelica archangelica Linn.
Root powder - 3 - 6 gm.
Ay. : Epilepsy (Apasmara), Asthma (Shvasa), Hiccough (Hikka),
Fever (Jvara), Itching (Kandu), Skin diseases (Kushtha),
Schizophrenia (Unmada), Wound (Vrana), Blood impurities
(Raktadosha), Poor appetite (Agnimandya), Headache (Sirashula),
Rhinitis (Pratishyaya), Diseases of children (Balaroga).
Ay. : Cardioactive, Carminative, Expectorant and Diaphoretic.
Sr. : Anemia , Debility, Fluid retention in joints , Stomach disorders,
Dropsy , Lung diseases .
Ay. : Guduchyadi Modaka, Mahanarayana Taila.
Contra indications27 Patients during pregnancy or takin_g blood thinning agents should
avoid use of this drug. Avoid prolonged exposure to sunlight.
Angelica glauca Edgew.
Angelica glauca Edgew.
. ... __ .......... , ............. ... ............. --... .. ... -......... ..,. ... ., ...... h, •• ,. ::;:::- -::;:::.:.~ >r-.• ~ "~J -- . - ....... - --_.._ .,,...... -
Angelica archangelica Linn.
Botanical Name
Popular Name49
Family
Distribution45
IUCN Status45
Threats 45
Partls 6
Adulterant/s
Substitute/s
Dose/s
Uses6/
Properties6
Formulation
Safety !Toxicity
Contra indication
6
Arnebia benthamii (Wall. ex G. Don.) John.
syn. Macrotomia benthamii (Wall.) DC.
Gojihva (Ay.)
Boraginaceae
Himalayas viz. Kashmir to Uttarakhand at an altitude ranging
between 3000-4500m
Critically Endangered
4,5 & 1
Rhizome
Rhizome powder- 3-6 gm
Diseases of Tongue and Throat, Cardiac disorders and Fever.
Stimulant, Tonic, Diuretic and Expectorant.
Manasamitra Vataka, Gojihvadi kvatha
Hypersensitivity to the drug
Arnebia benthmaii (Wall. ex G. Don.) John.
7
Botanical Name Berberis aristata DC. Syn. B. sikkimensis Sch.
Popular Name8•8•44 Daruharidra (Ay.)
Family Berberidaceae
Distribution8• 17 Himalayas and Nilgiri hills at an altitude ranging between 1000-
3000m.
IUCN Status45 Endangered, Rare
Threats45 1, 2, 3, 4 & 5
Partls6• 17 Stem
Adulterant/s 31• 42. 49.S1 Root and Root bark of Berberis /ycium Royle.
Substitute/s 31•
42•
49•51 Roots of Coscinium fenestratum Colebr.
Dosels a.17.21
Uses a, 21,24,44
Formulations a. 21
Safety/Toxicity
Contra indication
B. asiatica Roxb.; B. lycium Royle.; B. edgeworthiana Schn.
Stem decoction - 5-10 ml
Stem powder- 3 gm.
Ay. : Itching (Kandu), Obesity {Medoroga), Diseases of Mouth (Mukharoga), Wound (Vrana), Diarrhoea due to indigestion (Amatisara), Stiffness in thigh muscle (Urustambha) , Diseases due to Kapha dosa (Kapharoga), Diseases of ear (Kamaroga), Eye diseases (Netraroga), Skin diseases (Kushtha), Anemia (Pandu), Jaundice (Kamala), Erysipelas (VIsarpa), Dysuria (Mutrakrichhra), Leucorrhoea (Shwetapradara), Soft Chancre (Upadansha), Bleeding Piles (Rakatarsha).
Sd. : Loss of taste (Suvai inmai), Rickets (Kanam), Fever (Kana suram), Plies (Moola noi), Enteric Fever (Kudal suram).
Un. : Jaundice (Yarqan), Splenitis (Waram-e- Tetial), Piles (Bawaseer), Blood purifier (Fasa-e-Dam) Amrag-e-chashm.
Ay. : Btiringaraja Taila, AstivagancttiaCiyarish•, Khatiiradi Gutika Khadirarlshta, Jatyadi Ghrita, Jatyadl Talla.
=---------:======~-=-~·· Un. : Habb-e-Bawaseer Amaya, Habb-e-Bawaseer Damiya, Habb-e- Rasaut, Habb-e- slyah chashm Kohal-ul-jawhir, Zlmad-emubarrid, Zimad-e-Warm-e-Unsayain, Haadqurs-e-zarishik, Dawaul-mlsk jawahar walli.
Hypersensitivity to the drug.
Berberis aristata DC.
.,...._
•
....,._...._.I'IIN
' ' .. , .. c.R~c-. ... ..... .. ......... ... ... .............. "' -l""-. 'l$!,1Sf --- 11 ~ ?.<r'\1.. -- ~""\.~ ..... ~ .... ~• .... or - \!...o.<>.lo V>..:cl. ...... .,.. • • =--=-~ (_~ ........... ) - "'~ - <-"""'-\"-'< --~f. e.. ~ Q. Cv•
Berberis aristata DC.
Coscinium fenestratum Colebr
Berberis /ycium Royle
Botanical Name
Popular Name4
Family
Distribution
IUCN Status45
Threats45
Adulterant/s 49
Substitute/s
Dose/s4·14 ·44
Uses4, s,14,44f
Properties
Formulations4
Safety/Toxicity
Contra indication
Bergenia ciliata (Haw) Stern b. Syn. B. ligulata Engl.
Pasanabheda (Ay.)
Saxifragaceae
Throughout temperate Himalayas from Bhutan to Kashmir at an
altitude ranging between 900-3000 m and Khasi hills ascending
upto 1200 m.
Vulnerable
1, 2, 3, 4 & 5
Rhizome
Aerva lanata Juss., Coleus amboinicus Lour., Celosia argentea
Linn., Kalanchoe pinnata Pers., Rotula aquatics Lour., Homonoia
riparia Lour., Didymocarpus pedicellata R.Br., Ocimum basilicum
Linn., Ammannia baccifera Linn.
Rhizome powder - 3-6 gm.
Rhizome Decoction- 20-100 ml
Ay. : Calculus (Ashmari), Polyurea (Prameha), Dysuria
(Mutrakrichhra), Spleen Enlargement (Piihavriddhi).
Lithotriptic, Antilithiatic, Astringent, Diuretic, Laxative.
Ay. : Ashmarihara Kashaya Churna, Mutravirechaniya Kashaya
Churna.
Hypersensitivity to the drug.
Bergenia ciliata (Haw)Sternb.
........ u .. ... lputallllul
~~~-~·.,.--.... T.,._ {......_.) \'. '· ,....,. ... ,.._ , .. ~q,r _,.....( ........ U'l•.:f~ ...,.,.,,._ ~ ....... J,.. ... ..L, ''"'""""' ,...., t\'MAh~U.... --..... -~--(.I:~ c;o.,,_, _________ ~--
Bergenia ciliata (Haw)Sternb.
Aerva lanata Juss.
9
Botanical Name Betula uti/is D. Don. Syn. B. bhojpattra Wall.
Popular Name6• 1a. 44 Bhurja, Bhujpattra
Family Betulaceae
Distribution 18 Throughout the Himalayas at an altitude ascending upto 4200
m.
IUCN Status40
Threats
Part/s
Adulterant/s
Substitute/s
Dose/s 18•
44
Uses 6•18 I
Properties
Formulation18
Safety!Toxicity
Contra indication
Common
Root and Stem Bark.
Bark powder - 1-3gm.
Ay. : Specific disorder of children (Balagraha), Bleeding disorders
(Raktapitta), Wound (Vrana), Ear diseases (Karnaroga), Skin
diseases (Kushtharoga), Erysipelas (Granthivisarpa).
Antiseptic, Carminative.
Ay.: Ayaskriti
Hypersensitivity to the drug.
Betula uti/is D. Don.
Botanical Name
Popular Name15•
44
Family
Distribution 15
IUCN Status
Threats
Part/s
Adulterant/s
Substitute/s42
Dose/s15•
44
Uses15•
44
Formulations 15
Safety/Toxicity
Contra indication
10
Callicarpa macrophylla Vahl.
Priyangu (Ay.)
Verbenaceae
Sub-Himalayan tracts viz. Hazara eastwards to Assam, West
Bengal and Upper Gangetic at an altitude ascending upto 1800
m.
Fruit
Fruits of Aglaia roxburghiana Miq., Fruit kernel of Prunus
mahaleb Linn.
Fruit powder- 1-2 gm.
Ay. : Emesis (Chardi), Burning sensation (Daha), Fever (Jvara),
Blood impurities (Raktadosha), Vertigo (Bhrama), Diseases due
to Vata dosha (Vataroga), Stiffness of jaw (Vaktrajadya),
Diarrhoea (Atisara), Epilepsy (Apasmara), Duodenal ulcer
(Parinamashula), Spongy gums , Paralysis (Pakshaghata).
Ay.:Jirakadi Modaka, Brihat Phalaghrita, Brihat Chhagaladya
Ghrita, Vyaghri Taila.
Hypersensitivity to the drug.
Callicarpa macrophylla Vahl.
Botanical Name
Popular Name15•44
Family
Distribution 15
IUCN Status40
Threats
Partls6•15
Adulterant/s
Substitute/s
Dose/s 15•
44
Uses s, 15, 44
Formulations 15
Safety/Toxicity
Cedrus deodars (Roxb.) Loud. Syn. C. libani Barrel. var. deodars
Hook. f.
Devadaru (Ay.)
Pinaceae
North West Himalayas viz. Kashmir to Garhwal, at an altitude
ranging between 1200-3000m. Also cultivated in Kumaon.
Common
Heart wood and Bark
Wood decoction- 50-100 mi.
Wood powder - 3-6 g
Ay. : Inflammation (Shotha), Fever (Jvara), Worm infestation (Krimi),
Itching (Kandu), Chronic rhinitis (Pinasa), Constipation (Vibandha),
Flatulence with gurgling sound ( Adhmana), Drowsiness (Tandra),
Hiccough (Hikka), Polyurea ( Prameha) Cough (Kasa), Skin
diseases (Kushtha), Rheumatoid arthritis (Amavata ), Diseases of
blood (Raktavikara ), Puerperal diseases (Sutikaroga), Oedema
(Shopha ), Goiter (Galaganda), Diseases due to Vata dosha
(Vatavyadhi), Filaria ( Shlipada), Nasal discharge (Nasa Srava), Eye
diseases (Netra roga), Stomach disorders (Udararoga), Asthma
(Shvasa), Wound (Vrana).
Ay. : Khadirarishta, Dashamularishta, Devadarvadyarishta,
Mritasanjivanisura, Karpuradyarka, Chandanadi Churna,
Sudarshana Churna, Narayana Taila, Pradarantaka Lauha,
Vataraktantaka Lauha, Mahavishagarbha Taila.
Contra indication36 Avoid during pregnancy.
Cedrus deodara (Roxb.) Loud.
12
Botanical Name Celastrus paniculatus Willd.
Popular Name6• 8• 44 Jyotishmati (Ay.)
Family Celastraceae
Distribution Throughout hilly regions at an altitude ascending up to 1200m.
IUCN Status45 Low risk and near threatened rare.
Threats 45 4, 2, 1 & 9
Part/s 8• 44 Seed
Adulterant/s 42 Seeds of Cardiospermum halicacabum Linn., Duranta plumieri
Jacq.
Substitute/s
Dose/s 8, 23, 44
Uses &,8,23, 24,44 1
Properties
Formulations 8• 23
Safety/Toxicity
Contra indication
Seed powder -1gm- 2 gm.
Seed oil - 5 - 15 drops
Ay. : Diseases due to Vata Dosha (Vatavyadhi), Weakness of
Memory (Smritidaurbalya), Abdominal disorders (Udararoga),
Wounds (Vrana), Skin diseases (Sidhma), Amenorrhoea
(Asrigdara), Leucoderma (Shvitra).
Sd. : Uterine diseases (Karupai noigal), Cough (lrumal), Kaba
diseases (lya noigal), Rheumatoid arthritis (Keel vayu), Dysentery
(Kuruthi kzhichal), Menorrhagia (Perum padu), Ulcer (Kudal pun).
Un. : Weakness of Stomach (Zof-e-meda), Amraz-e-Balgamia, Zof
e-Bah.
Abortifacient.
Ay. : Smritisagara Rasa, Jyotishmati Taila,
Un. : Tilakhas-ui-Khas.
Hypersensitivity to the drug.
Celastrus paniculatus Willd.
Celastrus paniculatus Willd. ~----------------------~
Cardiospermum helicacabum Linn .
•
Botanical Name
PoP-ular Name4.20
Family
Distribution4
IUCN Status45
Threats 45
Part/s4•
44
Adulterant/s
Substitute/s
Dose/s 4
Uses 4, s, 22, 24,44f
Properties
Formulations 4• 20
Safety/Toxicity
Contra Indication
Cinnamomum tamala Ham. (Fr. Nees)
Lauraceae
Tropical, sub- tropical Himalayas viz. East Jammu to Bhutan at an altitude ranging between 900-2300 m and khashi hills, ranging between 900-1200m.
Low risk and near threatened rare.
2,4&5
Leaf
Leaf powder - 1-3 gm
Ay. : Piles (Arsha), Anorexia (Aruchi), Chronic Rhinitis (Pinasa), Nausea (Hrillasa), Obesity (Medoroga), Cough (Kasa), Colic (Udarashula), Diarrhoea (Atlsara ) and Asthma (Shvasa).
Sd. : Asthma (lraippu erumal), Cough (lrumal), Fever (Megha suram), Tumour (Megha katty), Thirst (Neer vetkai), Indigestion (Vaitru porumal), Vomiting (Vanthi), Leucorrhoea (Vettai).
Un. : Weakness of Stomach (Zof-e-Meda), Diarrhoea (lshal), Cough (Sual), Coryza (Zukam), Nazala, Bakhrulfam Zof-e-Kabid.
Ay. : Hypoglycaemlc, Hypollpidaemic, Carminative.
Un. : Jawarlsh-e-Shahreyaran, Jawarish-e-Zarishk, Jawarish-eTamar Hindi, Kamlra-e- Abresham Arshadwals, Kohal-e- Roshnai, Jawarish-e-Narmushk, Majoon-e- Juntiyana, Majoon Kalkalanaj, Majoon-e-Muqll, Majoon-e-Khadar, Majoon-e-Sohag Sonth, Araqe-Amber, Araq-e-Juzam, Sufoof-e-Ziabetus Qawi.
====
Hypersensitivity to the drug.
Cinnamomum tamala Ham. (Fr. Nees)
14
Botanical Name Coleus forskohlii Linn.
Gandlra (Ay.) --~.----~-~--- -----------------------------------------~
Family
Distribution 6• 18
IUCN Status
Threats
Part/s 18
Adulterant/s
Substitute/s
Dose/s 18
Uses 6•
18/
Properties
Formulations 18
Safety/Toxicity
Lamiaceae
Subtropical Western Himalayas, Nilgiri hills, Deccan peninsula,
Gujarat, Bihar and Kumaon to Nepal at an altitude ranging up to
2400m. Cultivated in Maharashtra.
Root
Root powder - 3- 6g . .
Ay. : Pain (Shula), Inflammation (Shotha), Piles (Arsha), Lump in
abdomen (Gulma), Cough (Kasa), Worm infestation (Krimi), Skin
diseases (Kushtha), Abdominal diseases (Udararoga), Chronic
wound (Dushta Vrana), Spleen diseases (Piiharoga), Dyspepsia
(Ajirna) , Retention of urine (Muturaghata), Constipation
(Vibandha).
Cardiac stimulant.
Ay. : Krimighna Kashaya Churna.
Contra indication 7 Patients suffering with ulcers, low blood pressure and bleeding
disorders should not use this ~rug.
Coleus forskohlii Linn.
Botanical Name
Popular Name15
Family
Distribution 2•
15
IUCN Status40
Threats
Part/s 15
Adulterant/s 49• 50
Substitute/s
Dose/s 15
Uses s. 11 ,1s, 44 1
Properties
Formulations 2•15
Safety/Toxicity
Contra indication
Crocus sativus Linn.
Kum - kum, Keshara (Ay.)
lridaceae
Cultivated through corms in Kashmir and Pampor plateau, at an
altitude ascending up to 1600 m.
Cultivated
Stigma and Style
Dried flower of Jasminum sambac (Linn.) Ait. , Dried rays florets
of Tagetes patula Linn.
Stigma and style - 25mg - 50 mg.
Ay. : Emesis (Chhardi), Cough (Kasa), Wound (Vrana), Localized
hyper pigmentation (Vyanga), Diseases of head (Shiroroga) , Eye diseases (Netra Roga), Throat diseases (Gala Roga), Diseases of skin (Sidhma), Upward movement of gases (Udavartta) , Urinary obstructions (Mutraghata), Chronic sinusitis (Suryavartta),
Migraine (Ardhavabhedaka), Measles (Romantika).
Sd. :Fever (Suram), Liver enlargement (Kaleeral veekam), Catarrhal infection (Mooku neer paithal), Skin diseases (Thol
noikal).
Sedative and Abortifacient.
Ay.: Karpuradyarka, Balarka Rasa, Yakuti Churna , Kunkumadya
Taila, Mahanarayana Taila , Pushyanuga Churna. ============:<I
Hp. : Crocus sativus mother tincture
Hypersensitivity to the drug.
Crocus sativus Linn.
42 ..
Botanical Name
Popular Name44
Family
Distribution 16
IUCN Status45
Threats 45
Partls
Adulterant/s
Substitute/s
Dose/s 16
Uses 16•
44/
Properties
Formulation
Safety/Toxicity
Contra indication
16
Dactylorhiza hatazarica D.Don. Syn. Orchis latifolia auct. non Linn.
Munjataka (Ay.)
Orchidaceae
Himalayas viz. Kashmir to Sikkim and Arunachal Pradesh at an
altitude ranging between 2800- 4200 m.
Criticallly rare
4,1 &5
Root
Root powder -3-6gm.
Ay. : Diarrhoea (Atisara), Chronic Fever (Jirnajvara), Head Diseases
(Sirorog), Gout (Vatarakta), Erysipelas (Visarpa).
Restorative, Aphrodisiac.
Ay. : Mahamayura Ghrita, Dvipanchamuladya Ghrita, Sukumaraka
Taila, Godhumadya Ghrita.
Hypersensitivity to the drug.
Dactylorhiza hatazarica D.Don.
Botanical Name
Popular Name43
Family
Distribution 47
IUCN Status40
Threats
Part/s 43
Adulterant/s
Substitute/s
Dose/s 43•
47
Uses 6•43
/
Properties
Formulations 47
Safety/Toxicity
Contra indication
17
Delphinium denudatum Wall.
Nirvisa (Ay.)
Ranunculaceae
Throughout Himalayas at an altitude ranging between 2408-
3657m.
Endangered
Root
Root powder- O.Sgm -1gm
Ay. : Inflammation (Shotha), Wound (Vrana), Skin diseases
(Kushtha), Toothache (Dantashula), Diseases due to Vatadosha
(Vatavyadhi), Poor appetite (Agnimandya), Jaundice (Kamala),
Abdominal disorders (Udararoga), Soft chancre (Upadansha),
Cough (Kasa), Asthma (Shvasa), Dysmenorrhoea (Kashtartava).
Stimulant, Tonic.
Un. : Khamirajadwarl, Habb-e-jadwar.
Hypersensitivity to the drug.
Delphinium denudatum Wall .
........ ~-~ .....-..~Ja~at ............. ...,.._.. .. ,. _.,
Botanical Name
Popular Name43
Family
Distribution
IUCN Status
Threats
Partls
Adulterant/s 38
Substitute/s
Dose/s
Uses 43
Formulations 1
Safety!Toxicity48
Contra indication
Digitalis purpurea Linn.
Tilapushpi (Ay.)
Scrophulariaceae
Cultivated in Kashmir, Darjeeling and Nilgiri in India.
Leaves
Verbascum thapsus Linn., Primula vulgaris Huds., lnula conyza
DC., lnula helenium Linn., Urtica dioica Linn.
Leaf powder - 30mg - 60 mg
Ay. : Heart diseases (Hridayaroga), Skin diseases(Twakvikara),
Cough (Kasa), Asthma (Shvasa), Cardiac oedema
(Hriddaurbalyajanya shotha), Fever (Jvara).
Hp. : Digitalis purpurea Mother tincture
Use drug by consulting medical practitioners.
Hypersensitivity to the drug.
Digitalis purpurea Linn.
Botanical Name
Popular Name15
Family
Distribution 15
IUCN Status40
Threats
Part/s15
Adulterant/s
Substitute/s
Dose/s 15
Uses 6•
15•
44/
Properties
Formulations 15
Safety/Toxicity
Contra Indication
19
Dioscorea bulbifera Linn. Syn. D. crispata Roxb., D. daemons
Roxb.
Varahl (Ay.)
Dioscoreaceae
Throughout Himalayas at an altitude ascending up to 1800 m.
Cultivated
Rhizome
Rhizome powder - 3-6 gm.
Ay. : Worm infestation (Krimi), Itching (Kandu), Skin Diseases
(Kushtha), Polyurea (Prameha), Ulcers (Antaravrana), Piles
(Arsha) and Dysentery (Atisara).
Rejuvenatlve (Rasayana).
Ay. : Naraslmha Churna , Vatsyamayantaka Ghrlta, Panchanlmba
Churna.
Hypersensitivity to the drug.
Dioscorea bulbifera Linn.
lww.........,., .. ...._,.. • ., .... -........ -~ .... =-- ,.,. __ - ~,"""'-- --~- ... ...-..
Botanical Name
Popular Name15•
44
Family
Distribution 15
IUCN Status
Threats
Part/s15
Adulterant/s
Substitute/s
Oose/s 15
Uses &,11 , 1s, 44
Formulations15
SafetyfToxicity
Contra indication
20
Elaeocarpus sphaericus (Gaertn.) K.Schum. Syn. E. ganitrus Roxb.
Rudraksh (Ay.)
Elaeocarpaceae
Lower Himalayas and Western Ghats at high altitude.
Seed
Seed powder -1-2 gm.
Ay. : Epilepsy (Apasmara), Brain tonic (Matisuddhikara),
Hypertension (Uchchha raktachapa), Heart diseases
(Hridayaroga), Meseals (Romantika), Mental disorders
(Manasaroga), Insomnia (Anidra).
Sd. : Epileptic fits (Kakkai valippu)
Ay. : Gorochanadi Vati, Dhanvantara Gutika, Mritasanjivani
Gutika.
Hypersensitivity to the drug.
Elaeocarpus sphaericus (Gaertn.) K. Schum.
Botanical Name Embelia ribes Burm.f.
Popular Name4• 8• 44.20 Vidanga (Ay.); Baobarang (Un.)
Family
Distribution 19
IUCN Status
Threats
Myrsinaceae
Throughout India at an altitude ascending up to 1500 m in the hills.
Part/s4 Fruit
Adulterant/s34•
42•
49 Fruits of Embelia tsjeria~cottam A. DC.
Substltute/s34•
42•
49 Fruits of Myrsine africana Linn.
Dose/s 4 Fruit powder - 5-1 Ogm.
Uses 4. 6• 20
•24
•44
/ Ay. : Pain (Shula), Worm Infestation (Krimiroga), Diseases of abdomen (Udararoga), Flatulence with gurgling sound (Adhmana), Heart Diseases (Hridayaroga), Skin diseases (Kushtha), Jaundice (Kamala).
Properties
Formulations 4.20
Safety/Toxicity 19
Contra Indication
Sd. : Peptic ulcer (Gunmam), Worm Infestation (Nun puzhu kolli), Gastric trouble (Vayu), Anemia (Veluppu noi).
Un. : Intestinal worms(Deedan-e-Ama), Waj-ui-Mafasll.
Rejuvenatlve (Rasayana), Contraceptive, Anthelminthic.
Ay. : Vldangarlshta, Vldanga Lauha , Vidangadl Lauha.
Hp. : Embelia ribes mother tincture.
Un. : Habb-e-Kibreet, Qurs-e-Deedan, ltrifal-e-Deedan, Majoone- Jograj Gugal, Majoon-e-Kai-Kalanaj, Habb-e-Kabid Naushadri.
Drug used traditionally in prescribed dose may be considered safe.
Hypersensitivity to the drug.
Embelia ribes Burm.f.
Embelia ribes Burm.f.
Embelia tsjeriam-cottam DC.
-""" ............ ~.._ .. ._... .. .,...._ .... r......., ,......,. u•
Botanical Name
Popular Name29
Family
Distribution 19
IUCN Status
Threat
Adulterant/s 42
Substitute/s 42
Dose/s 19
Uses 19•
29/
Properties
Formulation9
Safety!Toxicity 19
Contra indication
22
Ephedra gerardiana Wall.
Soma(Ay.)
Gnetaceae
Dry valleys of Himalayas from Kashmir to Sikkim at an altitude
ranging between 3600 -4800 m.
Rare
Stem
E. intermedia Schrenk., Equisetum arvense Linn.
Roots/Stem Bark of Ficus religiosa Linn., Ephedra sinica Stapf.,
E. equisetina Bunge.
Stem powder - 1-2gm
Ay. : Asthma (Shvasa), Heart weakness (Hriddaurbalya).
Antiasthmatic, Nasal Decongestant.
Hp. : Ephedra gerardiana mother tincture.
Convulsions and psychotic reactions are reported to be toxic
effects of ephedra alkaloids.
Hypersensitivity to the drug.
Ephedra geradiana Wall.
Ephedra gerardiana Wall.
Ficus religiosa Linn.
Botanical Name
Popular Name44
Family
Distribution 47
IUCN Status
Threats
Part/s 44
Adulterant/s
Substitute/s
Dose/s 44•
47
Uses 6•
44
Formulation 47
Safety/Toxicity
23
Gentians kurroo Royle
Trayamana (Ay.)
Gentianaceae
North West Himalayas viz. Kashmir at an altitude ranging between
1500-3337m.
Threatened and in the negative list of Export from India
Root
Root powder- 1-3gm.
Ay. : Diarrhoea (Atisara), Lump in abdomen (Gulma), Erysipelas
(Visarpa), Fever (Jvar), Urinary disorders (Mutravikara).
Ay. : Mahatikta Ghrita
Contra indication 27 Patients suffering with ulcer or stomach Inflammation should not
use this drug.
Gentiana kurroo Royle
Botanical Name
Popular Name 12. 44
Family
Distribution 12
IUCN Status 40
Threats
Partfs12, 44
Adulterant/s42
Substitute/s
Dose/s 12
Uses6,11,12, 44J
Properties
Formulations 12
Safety/Toxicity
Gloriosa superba Linn.
Langall, Kalihari (Ay.)
Liliaceae
Throughout the tropical regions at an altitude ascending up to
2,000 m.
Rare and Cultivated
Tuberous root.
Rhizomes of Costus speciosus Smith.
Tuberous root powder -125- 250 mg
Ay. : Pain (Shula), Oedema (Shopha), Piles (Arsha), Worm
infestation (Krimi) , Skin diseases (Kushtha), Diseases due to Vata
Dosha (Vatavyadhi), Wound (Vrana), Pain in lower abdomen
(Bastishula), Malpresentation of foetus (Garbha Shalya), Gout
(Vatarakta), Baldness (Khalitya), Ear diseases (Karnaroga).
Sd. : Leprosy (Thozhu noi), Skin diseases (Thol noigal), Piles
(Mola noi), Colic (Vayitru vali), Worms (kirumi).
Anthelminthic, Abortifacient.
Ay. : Mahavishagarbha Taila, Nirgundi Taila, Kasisadi Taila.
Contra indication35 Avoid during pregnancy.
G/oriosa superba Linn.
G/oriosa superba Linn.
---~--~~~~~~~ -~·- ...
Costus speciosus Smith.
25
Botanical Name Hedychium spicatum Buch.-Ham.ex Sm.
Popular Name4• 10•44 Shati (Ay.); sGa-skya'i-rlgs (Sr.)
Family Zingiberaceae
Distribution 4 Western and central regions of sub-tropical Himalayas viz.
IUCN Status 45
Threats 45
Part/s4
Adulterant/s42
Substitute/s42
Dose/s 4•
44
Uses 4, 10,44
Formulations 4
Safety/Toxicity
Kumaon and Punjab. at an altitude ranging between 1500-2000
m.
Vulnerable
4,5&2
Rhizome
Rhizome of Hedychium coronarium Koenig.
Rhizome of Kaempferia galanga Linn.
Rhizome powder-1-3 gm.
Ay. : Pain (Shula) , Asthma (Shvasa) , Emesis (Chhardi), Cough
(Kasa), Itching (Kandu), Diseases of Mouth (Mukharoga),
· Diarrhoea (Atisara), Piles (Arsha), Rheumatoid arthritis (Amavata),
Semen disorder (Shukraroga).
Sr. : Dyspepsia, Against blood coagulation in vessels .
Ay. : Agastyaharitaki Rasayana, Shatyadi Churna.
Contra indication13 Avoid during pregnancy and breast feeding.
Hedychium spicatum Buch.-Ham.ex Sm.
S. No. 26
Botanical Name Hippophae rhamnoides Linn.
Popular Name6•10 Neichak (Ay.); sTar-bu (Sr.)
Family Elaeagnaceae
Distribution 33 Throughout the Himalayas mainly in cold desert at high altitudes
IUCN Status
Threats
Part/s6 Fruit and seed
Adulterant/s
Substitute/s
Doses
Uses 6•10 Ay. : Pulmonary complaints, Cutaneous troubles.
Sr. : Diseases of Lungs, Blood coagulation , Blood cyst .
Formulation
Safety/Toxicity
Contra indication Hypersensitivity to the drug.
Hippophae rhamnoides Linn.
··-l('_ ......... _ ...... .... ---..... ... ('_,.,._.a.,.. JN•.-'-.IMI•,._, - .. ~ .................. ~ ..... _.....,. ____ ..... ~ .......... ..., , . .....,__,....,......._ ... ......... , ......... ,....,.._, ......... """"'---',._,_ ~ ......... al1 ... .i..... ~-.._._. ...... ,. ............ ...._ ...... _,_..,.,...., ...... II ....
n:..-......., • .," ..
S. No. 27
Botanical Name Hyoscyamus niger Linn.
Popular Name10•18• 44 Parasika Yavanl (Ay.); Thang-phrom lang-thang-rtse (Sr.)
Family
Distribution 6
IUCN Status
Threats
Solanaceae
Western Himalayas from Kashmir to Garhwal at an altitude ranging between 2300 and 3200 m .
Part/s18 Seed
Adulterant/s 41• 49• 52 Leaves of Althea officina/is Linn., Hyoscyamus squarrosus Griff., Taraxacum officinale Weber.
Substitute/s 42 Seeds of Hyoscyamus muticus Linn., Gynandropsis gynandra Briq.
Dose/s 18 Seed powder - 125-500 mg.
Uses 6• 10
•18
• 19.24
• 44
/ Ay. : Constipation (Vibandha), Calc.ulus (Ashmari), Pain (Shula), Asthma (Shvasa ), Lump in abdomen (Gulma), Cough (Kasa), Worm infestation (Krimi), Schizophrenia (Unmada), Scanty menstruation (Rajahkrlchchhra), Early Ejaculation (Shighrapatana), Pain in the abdomen (Udarashula), Insomnia (Anidra), Joint pain (Sandhishula) Worm infestation (Krimi),
Properties
Formulations 11.24
Safety/Toxicity 11
Contra Indication
Whooping cough (Kukkurakasa).
Sd. : Aramba paittiyam (initial mental disorder), Dysmenorrhoea (Soothaga vali), Soothaga vayu, Cough (Mantara iraippu), Loss of Memory (Ninaivu thadu matrram), Palladi nol(thantha noigal), Enlargement of Heart (Thamaraka thadippu), Insomnia (Thookka minmai).
Sr. : Toothache, Pharyngitis , Malignant ulcers . =.;_,=~-==-
Ay. : Analgesic, Sedative In irritable conditions.
Sd. : Sarapunka Vilvathi leghlyam, Kabada Mathlral, Nanthi Mezh ugu, Thlpplll Rasayanam, Ven poosanl Ney.
Overdose produces poisonous effects similar to those of Datura (Dsturs mete/) poisoning, such as dryness of tongue and mouth, giddiness, and delirium.
Hypersensitivity to the drug.
Hyoscyamus niger Linn.
-~L .. x-•'.:..;: .. - --·
S. No.
Botanical Name
Popular Name 15
Family
Distribution 15• 19
IUCN Status45
Threats 45
Part/s6•
15
Adulterant/s42
Substitute/s42
Dose/s 15
Uses s, 15, 19f
Properties
Formulations 15
Safety/Toxicity 19
Contra indication
28
/nula racemosa Hook.f.
Pushkara (Ay.)
Asteraceae
North- western Himalayas at an altitude ranging between 1600 -
4200m.
Critically Endangered
1, 3, 5 & 4
Root
Roots of Saussurea lappa C.B. Clarke, lnula royleana DC.
Roots of Iris germanica Linn.
Root powder - 1-3gm.
Ay. :Anorexia (Aruchi), Flatulence with gurgling sound (Adhmana),
Hiccough (Hikka), Fever (Jvara), Cough (Kasa), Asthma (Shvasa),
Intercostal neuralgia (Parsvasula), Oedema (Shopha), Facial
paralysis (Ardita), Anemia (Pandu).
Hypoglycaemic, Antiasthmatic, Antidyspnoea, Anthelminthic,
Expectorant and Diuretic, Seed is aphrodisiac.
Ay. : Kankayana Gutika, Kumaryasava, Mahanarayana Taila,
Manasamitrarka, Dashamularishta, Lodrasava, Rasnadi
Kvathachurna.
Traditional uses of Drug in recommended dose is considered to
be safe.
Hypersensitivity to the drug.
lnula racemosa Hook. f.
S. No.
Botanical Name
Popular Name16
Family
Distribution 16
29
Microstylis wallichii Lindle Syn. Malaxis acuminata D.Don.
Jivaka (Ay.)
Orchidaceae
Temperate and subtropical Himalayas, viz. Shimla to Sikkim,
Anamalai hills in South India, Khasi hills and Andaman at an
altitude ranging between 1200-1700 m.
IUCN Status40 Rare
Threats
Part/s
Adulterant/s
Substitute/s 46
Dose/s
Uses 16•46
/
Properties
Formulations 46
Safety/Toxicity
Contra indication
Pseudo bulbs
Tuber of Pueraria tuberosa DC.
Ay.: Skin diseases (Kushtha), Piles (Arsha), Diseases of Children
(Balroga), Burning sensation (Daha), Fistula-in-ano (Bhagandra).
Restorative.
Ay. : Sudarshana Churna .
Hypersensitivity to the drug.
Microstylis wal/ichii Lindle
Botanical Name
Popular Name12. 44
Family
Distribution 12
IUCN Status40
Threats
Partfs&· 21, 44
Adulterant/s
Substitute/s
Dose/s 12
Uses 6•
12. 21 I
Properties
Formulations 12. 21
Safety!Toxicity 26
Contra indication
Myrica escu/enta Buch.- Ham. ex D. Don. Syn. M. farquhariana
Wall., M. sapida Wall., M. nagi Hook. f. in part, non Thunb.
Katphala (Ay.)
Myricaceae
Subtropical Himalayas at an altitude ranging between 12oo-2000m.
common
Bark and fruit
Bark and Fruit powder - 3-5 gm.
Ay. : Piles (Arsha), Malabsorption syndrome (Grahani), Lump in
abdomen (Gulma), Fever (Jvara), Cough (Kasa), Asthma (Shvasa),
Polyurea (Meha), Anemia (Pandu Roga), Nausea (Hrillasa),
Diseases of mouth (Mukha Roga), Poor appetite (Agnimandya),
Anorexia (Aruchi), Throat diseases (Kantharoga).
Un. : Chronic Cough (Sual - Muzmin), Asthma (Zeeq-un-Nafas),
Neurasthenia (Zof-e-Asab), Diarrhoea (lshal).
Astringent, Carminative and Antiseptic.
Ay. : Mahavishagarbha Taila, Pushyanuga Churna , Brihatphala
Ghrita, Erimedadi Taila, Bala Taila, Khadiradi Gutika , Maha
Vatagajankusha Rasa.
Un. : Habb-e-mubarrak, Habb-e-munaish, Raughan-e-Surkha,
Safoof, lstihaza.
Wax is carcinogenic.
Hypersensitivity to the drug.
Myrica esculenta Buch.- Ham.ex D.Don.
-...,_, .. c-r-..,_ .. __ _ ..... -.,
--· '14 " ... .... f "' ........ ,.. ~..~_.::= ._, ,.,. ".#:hoot
........ ;-~1 - ....
Botanical Name Nardostachys jatamansi DC. Syn. Nardostachys grandiflora DC.
Popular Name4•10•20 Jatamamsi (Ay.); sPang-spos (Sr.); Sumbui-Ut-Teeb (Un.)
Family Valerianaceae
Distribution 4 Sub-alpine Himalayas at an altitude ranging between 3000-5000 m.
IUCN Status 45 Criticallly rare
Threats 45 2, 4, 1 & 5
Part/s4 Rhizome
Adulterant/s 49 Rhizomes of Selinum vaginatum C.B. Clarke, Selinum tenuifolium Wall. ex. DC.
Substitute/s
Dose/s 4
Uses 4, s ,10,11,20,44f
Properties
Formulations4•20
•30
Safety/Toxicity
Rhizome powder - 2-3 gm.
Rhizome decoction- 5-10 gm.
Ay. : Burning sensation (Daha), Skin diseases (Kushtha), Erysipelas (Visarpa), Mental diseases (Manasaroga), Insomnia (Anidra), Oedema (Shopha), Piles (Arsh), Hiccough (Hikka), Asthma (Shvasa), Cough (Kasa), Emesis (Chhardi), Calculus (Ashmari), Diseases due to Vatadosha (Vatavyadhi), Pain (Shula), Traumatic wound (Aghataja vrana), Fracture (Bhagna), Mouth and Eye Diseases (Mukha-Netra Roga), Flatulence (Adhmana).
Sd. : Hysteria (Soothika vatham), Convulsive affections (valippu noigal), Palpitation of Heart (ldhaya padapadppu) and Intestinal colic (Vayitru vall).
Sr. : Chronic fever , Spleen disorder, Pathogenic diseases .
Un.: Flatulence (Nafkh-e-Shikam), Dropsy (lstisqua), Jaundice (Yarqan), Hepatitis (Waram-e-Kabid), Waram-e-Rahem, Waram-eMasana, Suda.
Stimulant, Antispasmodic, Diuretic, Emmenagogue and Laxative.
Ay. : Lavangadi Churna, Gandhataila, Dashmularishta, Brahmivati, Medhya Rasayana.
Un. : Jawarish-e- Fanjnosh, Barshasha, Anoshdaru, Anoshdaru Lulvi, Kohal-e- Roshnai, Sufoof-e-Mohazzil, lyarij-e-Faiqra, Raughan-e-Babuna Qawi, Zimad-e-Sumbul-ut-teeb.
Contra indication 13 Avoid during pregnancy and breast feeding.
Nardostachys jatamansi DC.
Nardostachys jatamansi DC.
Rile tAyl !tkkim
l< a:.
&OOlOS'AL &IJ£AaniCf~Til.E t o\,....., ............. .....,,,~,wl ... , r ... ..,.,., 14?' ..., >Jii" - .. ~-!1. ~~ .ft,.,~:Ji~··Ol ........ _ \61offn .. ~<f-----~-- IW-~Ri'-~ ... 1~1 tk
,.__........_ --- -....,_.,.""-- _....,.~
sw•• -.....JU~.._~, 4{( t-i"'t.· w..J.
;::,,._ll i..~ •;~.:-··_n''!!'f
Rhizome
Selinum vaginatum Clarke
Selinum tenuifolium Wall.
Botanical Name
Popular Name12
Family
Distribution
IUCN Status40
Threats
Partls12
Adulterant/s 49
Substitute/s 49
Dose/s 12
Uses 6• 12
• 44
/
Properties
Formulations 12
SafetyfToxicity
Contra indication
32
Oroxylum indicum Vent.
Shyonaka (Ay.)
Bignoniaceae
Throughout Himalayan regions in semi to moist tropical forests
at an altitude ascending up to 1000 m.
Rare
Root
Stem bark of Oroxylum indicum Vent.
Root and Root bark of Ailanthus excelsa Roxb.
Root powder - 5-10 g
Root Decoction - 25 - 50g.
Ay. : Inflammation (Shotha), Anorexia (Aruchi), Diseases of Urinary
bladder (Basti Roga), Rheumatoid arthritis (Amavata), Cough
(Kasa), Diseases of ear (Karna Roga) , Diseases of abdomen
(Udara Roga) , Diseases due to Vata Dosha (Vatavyadhi),
Diarrhoea/Dysentery (Atisara), Otorrhoea (Putikarna).
Astringent, Diaphoretic, Purgative.
Ay. : Brahma Rasayana, Dashamularishta , Dashmula
Kvathachurna, Dantyadyarishta, Narayana Taila, Amritarishta,
Dhanavantara Ghrita, Cyavanaprasha Avaleha.
Hypersensitivity to the drug.
Oroxylum indicum Vent.
Oroxylum indicum Vent.
Root
S!t'l11 8,1rk
Ailanthus excelsa Roxb.
Botanical Name
Popular Name8
Family
Distribution23•30
IUCN Status45
Threats45
Part/s8
Adulterant/s49
Substitute/s
Dose/s8
Uses a,2a, 24, 44
Formulations8
Safety/Toxicity
Contra indication
Picrorhiza kurroa auct. non Royle Syn. P. scrophulariaeflora
Pennell
Katuka (Ay.)
Scrophulariaceae
North Himalayas from Kashmir to Sikkim at an altitude ranging
between 2500-4500m.
Endangered
4, 2, 11, & 5
Rhizome
Roots of Lagotis glauca Gaertn.
Rhizome powder - 1 - 3 gm.
Ay. : Asthma (Shvasa), Burning sensation (Daha) , Fever (Jvara),
Jaundice (Kamala), Skin diseases (Kushtha), Intermittent fever
(Visamajvara), Anorexia (Aruchi), Heart diseases (Hridayaroga),
Hyperacidity (Amlapitta), Hiccough (Hikka).
Sd. : Fever (Suram), Liver diseases (Kalleral noi), Digestive
disorder (Mantham), Ulcer (Vayitru Pun)
Un. : Weakness of stomach (Zofe-mdea), Dyspepsia (Zof-e
Hazam), Flatulence (Nafaka-e- Shikam), Dropsy (lstisqua).
Ay. : Arogyavardhini Gutika, Tiktaka Ghrita , Sarvajvarahara Lauha,
Mahatiktaka Ghrita.
Hypersensitivity to the drug.
Picrorhiza kurroa auct. non Royle
Picrorhiza kurroa auct. non Royle
__ .. .... __. ....
(dtnl C-.11 laf ._ftt II~-.... '-••""""I v.•
,..,.,...._ f2Ul: o-J- IHII!o
-·--n...,....,.-a....: ·- ..,...._... ...
Lagotis glauca Gaertn.
Botanical Name
Popular Name12
Family
Distribution 12
IUCN Status
Threats
Part/s12
Adulterant/s
Substitute/s
Dose/s12
Uses12
Formulations12
Safety/Toxicity
Contra indication
Pinus roxburghii Sarg., Syn. P. longifolia Roxb.
Sarala (Ay.)
Pinaceae
Himalayas from an altitude ranging between 600 -1830m.
Abundant
Root, Heart Wood, Resin.
Root, Heart Wood - 1-3gm
Ay. : Eye diseases (Netraroga), Burning sensation (Daha),
Diseases of throat (Kantha Roga), Syncope (Murchchha), Wound
(Vrana), Diseases of ear (Karnaroga), Cough (Kasa).
Ay. : Karpuradyarka, Sudarshana Churna.
Hypersensitivity to the drug.
Pinus roxburghii Sarg.
Botanical Name
Popular Name10·43
Family
Distribution 19
IUCN Status45
Threats45
Part/s19
Adulterant/s
Substitute/s
Usess,1o,19,43f
Properties
Formulation
Safety/Toxicity19
Contra indication
Podophyllum hexandrum Royle Syn. P. emodiWall. ex Hook.f. &
Thoms.
Podophyllaceae
Throughout Himalayas from Kashmir to Sikkim at an altitude
ranging between 2600 -4500m.
Critically Endangered
3, 4, 2, 1 & 5
Rhizome, Root, Resin.
Rhizomes of Ainsliaea latifolia (D.Don) Sch.Bip.
Resin -125-250mg
Root powder - 250 mg - 500 mg
Ay. : Skin diseases (Tvakroga), Liver disorders (Vakritvikara),
Chronic constipation (Jirna Vibandha), Gout (Vatarakta),
Rheumatoid arthritis (Amavata), Poor appetite (Agnimandya),
Genital warts.
Sr. : Gynaecological disorders .
Purgative and Antimitotic.
Drug is strongly irritant to the skin, eyes and mucous membranes.
Hypersensitivity to the drug.
Podophyllum hexandrum Royle
Botanical Name
Popular Name10•18
Family
Distribution 18•49
IUCN Status40
Threats
Part/s18
Adulterant/s
Substitute/s
Dose/s18
Uses 10,18
Formulations 18
Safety/Toxicity
Contra indication
Polygonatum cirrhifolium Royle
Mahameda (Ay.); Ra-mnye (Sr.)
Liliaceae
Temperate Himalayas at an altitude ranging between 2000-3000m.
Endangered
Rhizome and Root
Rhizome and Root Powder 3 - 6 g.
Ay. : Diseases of Children (Balaroga), Burning sensation (Daha),
Fever (Jvara), Jaundice (Kamala), Bleeding disorder (Raktapitta),
Blood disorder (Raktavikara), Debility due to chest injury
(Kshatakshina ).
Sr. : Pain in kidneys, Fluid retention in joints, Dropsy, Impotency,
Lung diseases.
Ay. : Ashoka Ghrita, Shiva Gutika, Amritaprasha Ghrita,
Dashamularishta, Dhanvantara Taila, Masha Taila , Mahanarayana
Taila, Vasachandanadi Taila.
Hypersensitivity to the drug.
Polygonatum cirrhifolium Royle
37
Botanical Name Polygonatum vertlcillatum (L.) Ait.
Popular Name32 Meda(Ay.)
Family Liliaceae
Distribution 32 Temperate Himalayas at an altitude ranging between 240Q-2800m.
IUCN Status
Threats 33 Vulnerable
Part/s Rhizome
Adulterant/s
Substitute/s
Dose/s
Uses 46 Ay. : Diseases of Children (Balroga), Jaundice (Kamala).
Formulations 46 Ay. : Bala Ghrita, Mahapadmaka Taila, Triphaladi Ghrita.
Safety/Toxicity
Contra indication Hypersensitivity to the drug.
Polygonatum verticilatum (L.) Ait
Botanical Name
Popular Name8
Family
Distribution 8•23
IUCN Status40
Threats
Part/s8
Adulterant/s
Substitute/s
Dose/s 8
Uses 8.23
Formulations 8•23
Safety/Toxicity
Portulaca oleracea Linn.
Ghotika (Ay.)
Portulacaceae
Throughout Himalayas at an altitude ascending up to 1500 m.
Abundant
Whole Plant
Plant powder- 3-6gm.
Ay. : Poor appetite (Agnimandya), Inflammation (Shotha), Piles
(Arsha), Lump in abdomen (Gulma), Polyurea (Prameha), Wound
(Vrana).
Un. : Shiddat-e- Atash, Galayan-e- Dam, Ziyadati-e- Safra, Sogish
e-meda, Amawa Baul.
Ay. : Marma Gutika.
Un. : Mufarresh, Barid, Banadiq-ui-Buzoor.
Contra indication25 Avoid during pregnancy.
Portulaca o/eracea Linn.
-~ ---- u.,l. r. ... "~uJ._ ""'"';> Nk".~.~- lc.. • ..,
Botanical Name
Popular Name 12
Family
Distribution 12
IUCN Status
Threats
Part/s 12,44
Adulterant/s 42
Substitute/s
Dose/a 12
Uses 12•44
Formulations 12
Safety!Toxlclty
Contra Indication
Prunus cerasoides D. Don.
Padmaka (Ay.)
Rosaceae
Temperate Himalayas viz. Garhwal to Sikkim at an altitude ranging
between 910-1820 m.
Heart wood
Heart wood attached with bark of Prunus cerasoides D .Don.,
old material of Stem bark
Wood powder -1-3 gm.
Ay. : Vertigo (Bhrama), Burning sensation (Daha), Skin diseases
(Kushtha), Bleeding disorders (Raktapitta), Blister (Visphota),
Emesis (Chhardi), Erysipelas (Visarpa) Cough (Kasa), Gout
(Vatarakta), Hlccough (Hikka) and Asthma (Shvasa).
Ay. : Chandanasava, Dashmularlshta, Ushlrasava, Khadlradl
Gutika, Guduchyadi Kvathachurna, Guduchyadi Talla,
Mrltasanjlvanl Sura, Karpuradyarka.
Hypersensitivity to the drug.
Prunus cerasoides D.Don.
- .. --~c.-1 ................. .... -·-"· - '-•~ --
Botanical Name
Popular Name
Family
Distribution 49
IUCN Status 45
Threats 45
Part/s
Adulterant/s41•49
Substitute/s
Dose/s 21
Uses 6•
21
Formulations 21
Safety/Toxicity
40
Rheum australe D.Don. Syn. R. emodi Wall. ex Maissen.
Amlavetasa (Ay.)
Polygonaceae
Throughout Himalayas at an altitude ranging between 3000-
4500m.
Vulnerable, Rare
2, 4,1 & 5
Rhizome
Seeds of Operculina turpethum (Linn.) Silva Manso.
Root of Begonia rex Putz.
Rhizome powder -1-3gm.
Ay. : Toothache (Dantashula), Ulcer (Antarvrana).
Un. :Jaundice (Yarqan), Drospsy (lstisqa), Amenorrhea (Ehtehas
e- Tams), Anuria (Entebas-e-Baul), Waram-e-kabid. Purgative and
Astringent tonic.
Un. : Habb-e-Miskeen Nawaz, Habb-e-Mushil lstisqaee Dawa-ui
Luk.
Contra indications35 Patients suffering from Arthritis, hemorrhoids, Nephropathy and
Intestinal obstruction should not use this drug.
Rheum australe D.Don.
Rheum australe D.Don.
H IE-IliUM ......... ~~Sa ... ... .............. , ..... .,._ ..... , ...
--~ ........... 111' :?1 _ .. __ ,g'_' - - £~..._ .t~w4.fl. ::::..-~~ - ~ - ,...._.t. -~-v,~~
Operculina turpethum (Linn.) Silva Manso
Botanical Name
Popular name18
Family
Distribution
IUCN Status40
Threats
Part/s 18
Adulterant/s
Substitute/s
Dose/s 18
Uses 18
Formulations 18
Safety/Toxicity
Contra indication
41
Rhus parviflora Roxb.
Tintidika (Ay.)
Anacardiaceae
Dry hot slopes of Himalayas viz. Punjab to Nepal and hills of
Peninsular India at an altitude ranging between 600-2100 m.
Common
Aerial Part
Powder (aerial parts)- 3-6 gm.
Ay. : Poor appetite (Agnimandya), Anorexia (Aruchi), Diarrhoea
(Atisara), Dysentery (Pravahika), Thirst (Trishna), Diseases due to
Vata Dosha (Vatavikara).
Ay. : Yavani Shadava, Hinguvachadi Churna, Ramabana Rasa.
Hypersensitivity to the drug.
107 °
Rhus parviflora Roxb.
. 108
Botanical Name
Family
Distribution 32
IUCN Status40
Threats
Part/s46
Adulterant/s
Substitute/s
Dose/s
Uses 46
Formulations 46
Safety/Toxicity
Contra indication
42
Roscoea procera Wall.
Khsirakakoli (Ay.)
Zingiberaceae
Throughout Himalayas at an altitude ranging between 1600-2200m.
Scarce
Root
Ay. : Malaria ( Vishamajvara) , Diseases due to Pitta dosha
(Pittaroga), Bleeding disorders (Raktapitta), Eye diseases
(Netraroga), Jaundice (Kamala), Heart diseases (Hridayaroga),
Burning sensation (Daha), Polyurea (Mehroga).
Ay. : Maha Guduchi Ghrita, Maha Padmaka Taila.
Hypersensitivity to the drug.
Roscoea procera Wall.
Botanical Name
Popular Name10·12
Family
Distribution12
IUCN Status
Threats
PartJs12,44
Adulterantls
Substitute/s
Dose/s 12,17,44
Uses s,1o,11,12,23,44f
Rubia cordifolia Linn. senus Hook.f.
Manjistha (Ay.); bTsod (Sr.)
Rubiaceae
Throughout the Himalayas at an altitude ascending up to 3750m.
Stem, Root
Stem powder - 2- 4gm.
Root Decoction -50-100 mi.
Ay. : Skin diseases (Kushtha), Piles (Arsha), Polyurea (Prameha), Erysipelas (Visarpa), Disorders of female genital tract (Yoni Roga), Eye diseases (Netraroga), Diseases due to Kapha dosha (Shleshmaja roga), Inflammation (Shotha), Ear Diseases (Karnaroga), Polyurea (Meha), Diarrhoea with blood (Raktatisara), Fracture (Bhagna), Measles (Vyanga).
Sd. : Skin diseases (Thol noigal), Tuberculosis (Eiaippu erumal), Haemoptysis (Mookil kurthi vadithal).
Sr. : Blood diseases , Intestinal fever .
Un. : Anuria (Ehtabas-e-Baul), Amraz-e-Barida Asabia, Daad, Bahaq, Bars, Aasar-e-jild.
Properties Root-Antidysenteric, Antiseptic and Vermifuge.
Formulations 12•23·37 Ay. : Chandanasava, Aravindasava, Ashvagandharishta, Ushirasava, Brihat Manjishthadi Kvatha, Manjishthadi Tail, Khadiradi Gutika,Vyaghri Taila.
Safety/Toxicity 17
Contra indication
Un. : Majoon Dabeed-ul-ward, Raughan Surkh, Dawa-ui-Kukum.
Drug used traditionally in prescribed dose may be considered safe.
Hypersensitivity to the drug.
Rubia cordifolia Linn. senus Hook.f.
Botanical Name Saussurea costus ( Feic.) Lipach. Syn. S. lappa C.B. Clarke
Popular Name4•6.20·44 Kushtha (Ay.);Qust (Un.)
---------------------------Family Asteraceae
Distribution 19 Kashmir eastwards at an altitude ranging between 2500 - 3000 m. Also cultivated in Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand and Sikkim
IUCN Status 45 Critically Endangered
Threats 45 1, 4 & 5
Part/s Root and Stem
Adulterant/s 30•39
•42
•49 Roots of Euphorbia thomsoniana Boiss., Salvia lanata Roxb.,
Senecio jacquemontianus Benth, Roots of lnula royleana DC., lnula racemosa Hook.f., Carduus nutans Linn., Articum lappa Linn
Substitute/s
Dose/s 4,111,44
Uses 4,&,19,20,24,44/
Root powder- 0.2o-1 gm.
Ay. : Asthma (Shvasa), Cough (Kasha), Skin diseases (Kushtha), Gout (Vatarakta), Erysipelas (Visarpa), Oedema (Shopha), Headache (Shirashula), Rheumatism (Amavata), Snake-poisoning (Sarpavisha) and Mental diseases (Manasaroga)
Sd. :Bronchial Asthma (lraippu), Piles (Moolam).
Un. : Hemiplegia(Falij), Facial Paralysis(Laqwa), Tremor(Rasha), Splenitis(Waram-e-Tehal), Intestinal Worms (Deedan-e-ama), Amenorrhea (Ehtebas-e-Tams), Daf-e-Taffun, Waj-e-Mafasil , Niqras,
Properties Antifungal , Anthelminthic, Antiasthmatic, Antidiabetic, Carminative. Stomachic, Stimulant, Spasmodic.
Formulations 4• 20•30 Ay. : Kushthadi Chruna, Naryana Churna, Narayana Taila, Phala Ghrita, Khushthadi Kvatha, Dashamularishta, Kumaryasava, Yogaraj Guggulu, Kottamchukkadi Tail.
Un. : Jawarish-e-Jalinoos, Dawa-ui-Kurkum, Majoon-e-Dabeedul Ward, Majoon-e-Juntiyana, Majoon-e- Khadar, Tiryaq-e- Samania, Zimad-e-Khanazeer, Sabadaritoos, Anqaruya-e-kabir.
SafetyfToxicity 19 Overdose leads to restlessness and muscle cramps. External use of Costus oil induces allergic contact dermatitis.
Contra indications Hypersensitivity to the drug.
Saussurea costus (Feic.) Lipach.
Saussurea costus (Feic.) Lipach.
115
Saussurea costus (Feic.) Lipach.
Botanical Name
Popular Name4•20
Family
Distribution 3•4
•20
IUCN Status 45
Threats 45
Partls4
Adulterant/s
Substitute/s 42
Dose/s 4,2°·44
Uses 4,6,20,44
Formulations 4•5
•20
Safety/Toxicity
Swertia chirayita (Roxb. ex Flem.) Karsten Syn. S. chirata Buch.Ham. ex C.B.Ciarke
Kiratatikta (Ay.); Chiraita (Un.)
Gentianaceae
Temperate Himalayas from Kashmir to Bhutan, Khasi hills of Meghalaya at an altitude ranging between 1200-3000m.
Criticallly rare
4
Whole plant
Swertia angustifolia Buch. - Ham., S. alata (D. Don.) Royle., Andrographis paniculata Wall. ex Nees.
Plant powder - 1- 3gm.
Plant decoction -20-30 mi.
Ay. : Inflammation (Shotha), Burning sensation (Daha), Fever (Jvara), Worms infestation (krimi), Itching (Kandu), Skin diseases (Kushtha), Polyurea (Meha), Thirst (Trishna), Wound (Vrana), Digestive problems (Pachan vikar), Oedema (Shopha), Emesis (Chhardi), Asthma (Shvasa), Liver disorders (Yakritvikara), Rheumatism (Amavata).
Un. : Dyspepsia (Su-e-Hazam), Flatulence (Nafkh-e-Shikam), Blood purifier (Fasad-ud-Dam), Acne, Pimples (Busoor), Strangury (Taqteer-ul- Baul), lstisqa-e-Ziqqi.
Ay. : Sudarshan Churna, Chhinnodbhavadi Kvathachurna.
Hp. : Swertia chirayita mother tincture.
Un. : Mojoon-e-musaff-e-khoon, Majoon-e-Masikui-Baul, Araq-eJuzan.
~~==~======================================~
Contra indication35 Patients suffering from duodenal or gastric ulcer should not use this drug.
Swertia chirayita (Roxb.ex Fleming) Karsten
Andrographis paniculata Linn
119
Swertia alata Royle
25Jif ..... ., ...... ,.,_,..,, _,. J.J. "-1'
t.lllr (..,,.,,.~
o..;....._ u..~ - -,_
..... J'f"'.
Swertia angustifolia Buch.-Ham.
Botanical Name
Popular Name12
Family
Distribution 3•12
IUCN Status 45
Threats 45
Part/s30
Adulterant/s
Substitute/s
Dose/s 12.44
Uses s ,11,12, 1&,44J
Properties
Formulations 3•4
•12
Safety!Toxicity
Contra indication
46
Taxus baccata Linn.
Sthauneya, Shukapushpa (Ay.)
Taxaceae
Temperate Himalayas at an altitudes ranging between 1800 -
3300m. The hills of Meghalaya and Manipur at an altitude of
1500m.
Criticallly rare
1&5
Leaf, Bark
Leaf powder -1-3 gm.
Ay. : Burning Sensation (Daha), Worm infestation (Krimi), Skin
diseases (Kushtha), Blood diseases (Rakta vikara), Thirst
(Trishna), Cancer (Arbuda - Karkata), Fever (Jvara), Oedema
(Shopha), Epilepsy (Apasmara), Headache (Shirashula), Coldness
of extremities (Shitangata), Diarrhoea (Atisara).
Sd.: Cardiac disorders (Thamaraga nogal), Bronchial congestion
(Moochu thinaral)
Anticancer, Lithotriptic, Antispasmodic and Emmenagogue.
Ay. : Bala Talla, Mahanarayana Talla.
Hypersensitivity to the drug.
Taxus baccata Linn.
Taxus baccata Linn.
Taxus baccata Linn .
.._.. ...,.... ........ )JIIpgi,J-............. ~ .... -,.. ..... 4tn. .. ~ ,., .. tNt -- r ..... !.ou.t;.~ ~ T-
::---~ ~ - ,.._ - ;;.rJ-- -~~~~==~~~~~~~~~:::-:· ~·~~~~~~~~(
Botanical Name
Popular Name6•10
Family
Distribution 47
IUCN Status45
Threats 45
Partls 47
Adulterant/s
Substitute/s
Dose/s 47
Uses 6•10
/
Properties
Formulation
Safetyfroxicity
Contra indication
47
Thalictrum foliolosum DC.
Pitamulika (Ay.); sNgo-sprin (Sr.)
Ranunculaceae
Throughout Himalayas at an altitude ranging between 1523-
2727m.
Vulnerable, Rare
1, 2, 4 & 5
Root
Root powder-o.s -1 gm.
Ay. : Dyspepsia (Ajirna).
Sr. : Inflammation , Fever.
Diuretic, Purgative, Bitter tonic during convalescence.
Hypersensitivity to the drug.
Thalictrum fo/iolosum DC.
Botanical Name
Popular Name44
Family
Distribution 40
IUCN Status
Threats
Part/s
Adulterant/s
Substitute/s
Dose/s 44
Uses 6•
44/
Properties
Formulation9
Safety/Toxicity 35
Contra indication
Thymus serpyllum Linn.
Ajagandha (Ay.)
Lamiaceae
Throughout Himalayas at an altitude ranging between 1700-
2500m.
Scarce
Whole plant
Whole plant powder - 3-Sgm.
Ay. : Lump in abdomen (Gulma), Abdominal enlargement
(Udaravriddhi), Cough (Kasa), Stiffness of Thigh Muscles
(Urustambha), Wound (Vrana), Diseases due to Vata Dosha
(Vatavyadhi), Goitre (Galaganda), Seizures in children (Balgraha),
Fever (Jvara), Suppression of urine (Mutraghata), Convulsions
(Aksepa), Whooping-cough (Kukkurakasa) and Epilepsy
(Apasmara).
Sedative.
Hp. : Thymus serpyllum mother tincture.
Oil is toxic and very irritant to skin.
Hypersensitivity to the drug.
Thymus serpyllum Linn.
Botanical Name
Popular Name4.20
Family
Distribution 4•19
IUCN Status 45
Threats 45
Partls4
Adulterant/s
Substitute/s 49
Dose/s 4•19
Uses 4,19~/
Properties
Formulations 4~
Safety/Toxicity
Contra Indication
49
Valeriana wallichii DC. Syn. V. jatamansi Jones
Tagara (Ay.); Tagar (Un.)
Valerianaceae
Temperate Himalayas from Kashmir to Bhutan at an altitude
ranging between 1800 - 3000 m. and Khasi hills at an altitude
ascending upto 3,000 m.
Criticallly rare
2,1 4 & 5
Rhizome
Rhizomes and Roots of Nymphoides macrospermum
Vasudevan.
Roots of Coleus veniveroides K.C. Jacob.
Rhizome powder- 1-3 g.
Ay. : Eye diseases (Netraroga), Epilepsy (Apasmara),
Schizophrenia (Unmada), Diseases of Head (Shlroroga).
Un. : Hepatitis (Waram-e-Kabld), Anuria(Ehtebas-e- Baul), Dropsy
(lstisqa), Hemiplegia (Falij), Facial Paralysis (Laqwa), Paralysis
(lstirkha), Sara, Khadar, Nisyan, Yarqan-e-Suddi, Salabat-e- Tehal,
Waj-ul- Mafasil, lruqm-Nisa, Niqras, Waj-ui-Warik, Zof-e-Bah,
Ehtebas-e-Haiz.
Antispasmodic, Sedative, Carminative.
Sufoof-e-Qaranful.
Hypersensitivity to the drug.
Valeriana wallichii DC.
130 .
Botanical Name
Popular Name8
Family
Distribution 8•19
IUCN Status40
Threats
Partls
Adulterant/s
Substitute/s 42
Dose/s 8•44
Uses a ,a ,19,44J
Properties
Formulation 8
Safety/Toxicity
Contra indication
Zanthoxylum armatum DC. Syn. Z. alatum Roxb. and its var.
planispinum (Sieb.& Zucc.) Rehd. & E.H. Wils; Z. planispinum Sieb.
& Zucc.
Tejovatl (Ay.)
Rutaceae
Hotter valleys of Himalayas viz. Jammu to Khasi hills at an altitude
ranging between 600-1800 m. Eastern ghats in Orissa, Assam and
Andhra Pradesh at an altitude ascending upto 1200 m.
Scarce
Stem bark and Fruit
Fruits of Zanthoxylum rhetsa DC., Z. acanthopodium DC.
Fruit powder -1-3 gm.
Decoction -10-20 g.
Ay. : Anorexia (Aruchi), Asthma (Shvasa), Rheumatoid Arthritis
(Amavata), Cough (Kasa), Diseases of Mouth (Mukharoga),
Skin diseases (Kushtha), Piles (Arsha), Hiccough (Hikka),
Stiffness of Thigh Muscles (Urustambha), lump in abdomen
(Gulma), Fever (Jvara), Dyspepsia (Ajirna), Dental disorders
(Dantavikara), Scabies (Vicharchika).
Dentifrice, Carminative, Stomachic and Anthelminthic.
Panchatikta Guggulu Ghrita, Kalaka Churna (Lepa).
Hypersensitivity to the drug.
Zanthoxylum armatum DC.
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