head and face development · head and face development embryonic tissues contributing to cranial...
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Head and Face Development
DrAnnemiekBeverdam– SchoolofMedicalSciences,UNSWWallaceWurth BuildingRoom234– [email protected]
Resources:http://php.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/
Larsen’s Human EmbryologyThe Developing Human: Clinically Oriented Embryology
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Lecture overviewHead and Face Development
Embryonic tissues contributing to cranial developmentCraniofacial Development
Branchial/Pharyngeal Arch Derivatives:- Skeleton- Arteries- Muscles
- Cranial Nerves- Clefts/pouches
Development of the PituitaryDevelopment of the TongueCraniofacial abnormalities
DrAnnemiekBeverdam– SchoolofMedicalSciences,UNSWWallaceWurth BuildingRoom234– [email protected]
Resources:http://php.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/
Larsen’s Human EmbryologyThe Developing Human: Clinically Oriented Embryology
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End product gastrulation:Trilaminar embryo
Ectoderm (Neural crest)brain, spinal cord, eyes, peripheral nervous system
epidermis of skin and associated structures, melanocytes, cranial connective tissues (dermis)
Mesodermmusculo-skeletal system, limbs,
connective tissue of skin, organs and cranium,urogenital system, heart, blood cells
Endodermepithelial linings of gastrointestinal, liver, pancreas,
thyroid and respiratory tracts
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Embryonic tissues contributing to cranial development
EctodermandNeuralCrestParaxialMesoderm
Endoderm
Week4embryo
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Cranial Ectoderm and Neural CrestEmbryonic tissues contributing to cranial development
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Embryonic tissues contributing to cranial developmentCranial Neural Crest
Cranialneuralcrest:Cranialmesenchyme,facialskeleton,cranialnerveganglia
Cardiacneuralcrest:Melanocytes,cartilage,connectivetissueandneuronsofsomepharyngealarches,Contributestoformationofregionsoftheheart
Trunkneuralcrest:Melanocytes,dorsalrootganglia,sympatheticganglia,adrenalmedulla,nervessurroundingaorta
VagalandSacralneuralcrest:Melanocytes,gangliaoftheentericnervoussystemParasympatheticganglia
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Embryonic tissues contributing to cranial developmentParaxialMesoderm
Cranial:Unsegmentedparaxialmesoderm:headmesenchyme
Trunk:Segmentedparaxialmesoderm:somites
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Embryonic tissues contributing to cranial developmentEndoderm
Bucchopharyngeal membraneLiningofthepharyngealandlaryngealcavities
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Craniofacial Development
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Craniofacial DevelopmentHumansdevelop6pharyngealorbranchialarches(BA)
Formfromrostrally tocaudallyBA1givesrisetomaxillaryandmandibularprocess
BA5disappears
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Craniofacial DevelopmentEachbranchialarchinitiallyconsistsof:Ectoderm,endodermandmesoderm
Pharyngealpouch(endoderm)Pharyngealgroove/cleft(ectoderm)
Eacharchgivesriseto:Cartilage,Artery,Muscle,CranialNerve
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Craniofacial Development
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Facial DevelopmentFacialprimordiaappearinweek4
Frontonasalprocessandnasalplacodes1st branchialarch:mandibularandmaxillaryprocesses
Stomodeum
Craniofacial Development
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Facial development
https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/images/d/dd/Face_001.mp4
Craniofacial Development
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Craniofacial DevelopmentPalate and nasal cavities
https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/images/8/8f/Palate_001.mp4https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/images/7/78/Palate_002.mp4
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Facial DevelopmentPalate and nasal cavities
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DgZ_tqucdI4
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Pharyngeal/Branchial Arch DerivativesSkeletalderivatives
ArteriesMuscleNerve
Cleft/Pouches
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Frontonasalprocess:frontalbone,nasalbonesandseptum,lacrimalbones,nasallabyrinthsBA1Maxillaryprocess:maxilla,palatine,vomer,zygomaticbone,parttemporalboneBA1Mandibularprocess:Meckel’scartilageandmandible,malleusandincusBA2:Reichert’scartilageandhyoid(superiorpart),andstapesBA3:Hyoid(inferiorpart)BA4:laryngealcartilages:thyroidandcricoidcartilage
Frontal
Pharyngeal/Branchial Arch DerivativesSkeletal derivatives
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Blue:Cranialneuralcrest-derivedbones(FNP,BA1andBA2):mostofviscerocraniumRed:Paraxialmesodermderivedbones:mostofneurocranium
Yellow:BA2-derived
Pharyngeal/Branchial Arch DerivativesSkeletal derivatives
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Pharyngeal/Branchial Arch DerivativesMiddle ear ossicles and laryngeal cartilages
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OssificationTwotypes:1.Endochondralossification:
MostofourskeletonBonereplacescartilagetemplate
2.Intramembranousossification:Flatbones(calvaria)Directossificationfrommesenchyme
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Intramembranous Ossification
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Endochondral Ossification
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Pharyngeal/Branchial Arch DerivativesArteries
BA1- mainlylost,formpartofmaxillaryarteryBA2– mainlylost,stapedial arteriesBA3- commoncarotidarteries,internalcarotidarteriesBA4- leftformspartofaorticarch,rightformspartrightsubclavianarteryBA5- mainlylostBA6- leftformspartofleftpulmonaryartery,rightformspartofrightpulmonaryartery
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Pharyngeal/Branchial Arch DerivativesBranchial muscles
BA1- musclesofmastication,mylohyoid,tensortympanic,ant.bellydigastricBA2- musclesoffacialexpression,stapedius,stylohyoid,post.bellydigastricBA3- stylopharyngeusBA4&6- crycothyroid,pharynxconstrictors,larynxmuscles,oesophagus (st. muscle)
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Pharyngeal/Branchial Arch DerivativesCranial nerves
BA1- CranialNerveV:trigeminalnerveBA2- CranialNerveVII:facialnerveBA3- CranialNerveIX:glossopharyngealnerveBA4&6- CranialNerveX:vagus nerve
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Pharyngeal/Branchial Arch Derivatives1st branchial cleft/pouch
1st pouch:tubotympanic recess:tympaniccavity,eustachian tube1st cleft:externalacousticmeatus
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Pharyngeal/Branchial Arch Derivatives1st branchial cleft/pouch
BA1- elongatestoformtubotympanic recess,tympaniccavity,mastoidantrum,eustachian tubeBA2- formstonsillarsinus,mostlyobliteratedbypalatinetonsilBA3- formsinferiorparathyroid andthymusBA4- formssuperiorparathyroid,parafollicular cellsofthyroid
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Development of the Pituitary
Twoembryonicorigins:1.Ectodermoforalcavity:Rathke’s pouch:adenohypophysis2.Floorofdiencephalon:neurohypophysis
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Development of the Tongue
Contributionsinitiallyfromallarches:Arch1- oralpartoftongue(ant3/2)(lingualswellingandtuberculumimpar)Arch2- initialcontributiontosurfaceislostArch3- pharyngealpartoftongue(post1/3)Arch4- epiglottisandadjacentregions
Tongueisinnervatedbymusclesderivedfromsclerotomes
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Craniofacial AbnormalitiesCleft Lip/Palate
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Craniofacial AbnormalitiesTreacher Collins Syndrome
AutosomalDominantAffectsCranialneuralcrestmigration
BA1hypoplasiaAbnormaldevelopmentofstructuresderivedofBA1
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Craniofacial AbnormalitiesPierre Robin Syndrome
BA1syndromeCleftPalateRetrognathia
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Craniofacial AbnormalitiesDiGeorge Syndrome
Disturbanceofcervicalneuralcrestmigration:3rdand4thpouchdonotform:absenceofthymusandparathyroidglands
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Craniofacial AbnormalitiesFetal Alcohol Syndrome
AlcoholconsumptioninearlydevelopmentCausesfacialandneurologicalabnormalities
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Lecture overviewHead and Face Development
Embryonic tissues contributing to cranial developmentCraniofacial Development
Branchial/Pharyngeal Arch Derivatives:- Skeleton- Arteries- Muscles
- Cranial Nerves- Clefts/pouches
Development of the PituitaryDevelopment of the TongueCraniofacial abnormalities
DrAnnemiekBeverdam– SchoolofMedicalSciences,UNSWWallaceWurth BuildingRoom234– [email protected]
Resources:http://php.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/
Larsen’s Human EmbryologyThe Developing Human: Clinically Oriented Embryology