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TI

M

E

CONTRIB

UTORY

OBJECTI

VE

CONTENT TEACHING

LEARNING

ACTIVITY

A.V.AIDS EVALUA-

TION

1 To give the

introduction

about self.

SELF INTRODUCTION :

My self Binal joshi, M.Sc. Nursing student at. JG

college of nursing, Ahmedabad.

Explanation

1 To give theIntroduction

about group.

GROUP INTODUCTION :I would like to present Health education on Oral

Rehydration Therapy in children.

Explanation By the picture ORS

2

mn

To give

topic

introduction

to the group.

TOPIOC INTRODUCTION :

Oral Rehydration Therapy (ORT) is asimple treatment fordehydrationassociated

withdiarrhea, particularlygastroenteritisor

gastroenteropathy, such as that caused by

choleraorrotavirus.

ORT consists of asolutionofsaltsandsugarsthat is takenby mouth. It is used around the

world, but is most important in thedeveloping

world, where it saves millions of children a

year from death due todiarrhea, the second

leading cause of death (afterpneumonia) in

children under five

Teaching will

explain and group

will understand.

What is

importance of

ORS

1

mn

To define

oral

rehydration

therapy

A basic oral rehydration therapy solution is

composed of:

30 ml (6 level tsp) of sugar 2.5 ml (1/2 level tsp) of salt, dissolved into

explanation Discussion What are the

basic

components

of ORS

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dehydrationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dehydrationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dehydrationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diarrheahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diarrheahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diarrheahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastroenteritishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastroenteritishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastroenteritishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholerahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholerahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotavirushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotavirushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotavirushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugarshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugarshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugarshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Route_of_administration#Enteralhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Route_of_administration#Enteralhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Route_of_administration#Enteralhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Developing_countryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Developing_countryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Developing_countryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Developing_countryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diarrheahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diarrheahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diarrheahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pneumoniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pneumoniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pneumoniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pneumoniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diarrheahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Developing_countryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Developing_countryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Developing_countryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Route_of_administration#Enteralhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugarshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotavirushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholerahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastroenteritishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diarrheahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dehydration

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1 litre (4.25 Cups) of clean water

3 To enlist

scopes of

oral

rehydration

therapy

Scope

This guideline addresses the oral rehydration of

children age 6 months to 17 years

Inclusion Criteria:

Children aged 6 months to 17 years oldpresenting with either vomiting and/or

diarrhea fewer than 7 consecutive days,

resulting in mild to moderate dehydration.

Exclusion Criteria:

Children presenting with: severedehydration (unstable vital signs, poor

perfusion)

Altered level of consciousness (GlasgowComa Score

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and based

on that

dehydration

therapy

given to

child

Degree of

dehydration

Mild

(5-7% body

weight)

Moderate

(7-9% body

weight)

Severe

(>10% body

weight)

Fontanelle Slightly sunken Very sunken Very sunken

Mucous

membranesSlightly sticky Dry Very dry

Skin turgor NormalSlightly

decreased

Markedly

decreased

Capillary refill timeNormal (

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Moderate

dehydration

(6-9% volume

loss)

Repletion phase - Hydration should be

restored by administering ORT at a volume

of 100 mL/kg over four hours. Additional

ORS is given to replace ongoing loss of

stool*. At the end of each hour, the patient's

hydration status and continuing stool and

emesis losses should be calculated, with the

total hourly loss added to the amount to be

given over the next hour.

Maintenance phase - Once repletion is

completed, feeding and fluids should be

started. ORT is continued for ongoing

diarrheal losses.

Severe

dehydration

( 10 % or

greater

volume loss.)

Repletion phase - Emergent intravenous

therapy with rapid infusion of 20 mL/kg of

isotonic saline should be given. As the

patient's clinical condition stabilizes and

his/her level of consciousness returns tonormal, therapy can be changed to ORT. A

nasogastric tube can be used in patients who

have a normal mental status but may be too

weak to adequately drink the necessary

volume of fluid. The intravenous line should

remain in place until it is certain there is

successful transition to ORT. ORT therapy

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is started at a volume of 100 mL/kg over

four hours. Additional ORS is given to

replace ongoing loss of stool*. At the end of

each hour, the patient's hydration status and

continuing stool and emesis losses should be

calculated, with the total hourly loss added

to the amount to be given over the next hour.

Maintenance phase - Once repletion is

completed, feeding and fluids should be

started. ORT is continued for ongoing

diarrheal losses.

* 1 mL of ORS should be administered for each gram of

diarrheal stool or, 10 mL/kg of body weight of ORS should

be administered for each watery or loose stool, and 2 mL/kg

of body weight for each episode of emesis.

5 To

introduce

with thedifferent

recipies for

preparation

of ORS

The "simple solution" - Do-It-Yourself ....

Encouraging self-reliance

The following traditional remedies make highly

effective oral rehydration solutions and are

suitable drinks to prevent a child from losing too

much liquid during diarrhoea:

Breastmilk Gruels (diluted mixtures of cooked

cereals and water)

Carrot Soup

Explanation Demonstration How will you

prepare ORS

at your home?

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Sugar and Water

Ingredients:

one level teaspoon of salt eight level teaspoons of sugar one litre of clean drinking or boiled water

and then cooled

5 cupfuls (each cup about 200 ml.)

Preparation Method:

Stir the mixture till the salt and sugar dissolve.

Recipe 2

Making a 1/2 (half) litre solution using

Salt, Sugar and Water

Ingredients:

a 3 finger pinch of salt ( approx. 1.75gms.)

a scoop of sugar ( approx. 20 gms.) 1/2 (half) litre of clean drinking or

boiled water2.5 cupfuls (each cup about 200 ml.)

Preparation Method:Pour 1/2 (half) litre of clean drinking or boiled

water, after it has cooled, into a large vessel.

Add a 3-finger pinch of salt (approx. 1.75gms).

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Taste the solution. It shouldn't be more salty

than your tears.Add a scoop of sugar ( approx. 20 gms.)

Stir the mixture till the salt and sugar dissolve

Recipe 3

Making a quart or litre solution

using Sugar or Honey, Salt, Baking Soda, and

Water

Ingredients:

1 quart or liter of drinking or boiledWater5 cupfuls (each cup about 200 ml.)

1/4 teaspoon of Salt 1/4 teaspoon Baking Soda (bicarbonate of

soda).

2 tablespoons of Sugar orHoney Preparation Method: Stir the mixture till the salt and sugar

dissolve.

Notes: If baking soda is not available, add another1/4 teaspoon of salt.

6 To list

advantages

and

disadvantag

es of the

ORS

therapy

Advantages of ORT

Low cost

Elimination of the need for IV line placement

Treatment that can be done or continued at home

Safe and few side effects

Explanation Discussion

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Limitations of ORT use

Altered mental status with concern for

aspiration and Abdominal ileus

Underlying disorder that limits intestinal

absorption of ORT

Severe dehydration

If stool output continues to be excessive, and

ORT is unable to adequately rehydrate the

child.

If there is severe and persistent vomiting, and

inadequate intake of ORS, intravenous

therapy is recommended.

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SUMMARY :1. Definition of ors

2. Scope of ORS

3. Assessment of dehydration and management of ORS

4. Recipe and Preparation of ORS

5. Advantages and limitations of ORS

CONCLUSION : I hearty thankful to my GuideArpan sir, my group member, my colleges and

patient and also patients relative.

I also thankful to the staff sister who gave us a proper place for give theknowledge about health.

I learned and gained knowledge regarding exclusive breast feeding, itsadvantages, technique, indications and contraindications. This will be able to

help me in future.

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