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HAZARDOUS MATERIALS

AWARENESS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

• This curriculum was developed by the

Illinois Emergency Management Agency in

cooperation with the Illinois Fire Service

Institute and the Illinois Law Enforcement

Training and Standards Board

• The PowerPoint presentation was developed

by the Office of the State Fire Marshal

OBJECTIVES

• 29-1.1 Identify the definitions of

Hazardous Materials, the DOT hazard class,

common examples of materials in each

hazard class, and the primary hazards of

each class of hazardous materials

• 29-1.2 Identify the difference between

Hazardous Materials Incidents and other

types of emergencies

OBJECTIVES

• 29-1.3 Identify typical occupancies and

locations in the community where

hazardous materials are manufactured,

transported, stored, used, or disposed

• 29-1.4 Identify typical container shapes

that may indicate hazardous materials

OBJECTIVES

• 29-1.5 Identify

facility and

transportation

markings and colors

that indicate the

presence of hazardous

materials including:

– 29-1.5.1 UN/NA

numbers

– 29-1.5.2 NFPA 704

markings

– 29-1.5.3 Military

Hazardous Materials

Markings

– 29-1.5.4 Special

Hazard

Communications

Markings

– 29-1.5.5 Pipeline

Markings

– 29-1.5.6 Container

Markings

OBJECTIVES

• 29-1.6 Identify U.S. and Canadian

placards and labels which indicate the

presence of hazardous materials

• 29-1.7 Identify the basic information on

material safety data sheets (MSDS) and

shipping papers that indicates the presence

of hazardous materials

OBJECTIVES

– 29-1.7.1 Identify where to find material safety

data sheets

– 29-1.7.2 Identify entries on a material safety

data sheet that indicate the presence of a

hazardous material

– 29-1.7.3 Identify entries on a shipping paper

that indicate the presence of a hazardous

material

OBJECTIVES

– 29-1.7.4 Match the name of shipping papers found in

transportation (air, highway, rail, water) with the mode

of transportation

– 29-1.7.5 Identify the person responsible for having the

shipping papers in each mode of transportation

– 29-1.7.6 Identify where the shipping papers are found

in each mode of transportation

OBJECTIVES

– 29-1.7.7 Identify where the shipping papers

are found in an emergency in each mode of

transportation

• 29-1.8 Identify examples or clues (other

than occupancy/location, container shape,

markings/color, placards/labels, and

shipping papers) that use the senses of sight,

sound and odor to indicate the presence of

hazardous materials

OBJECTIVES

• 29-1.9 Describe the limitations of using

the senses in determining the presence of

hazardous materials

• 29-2.1 Identify the difficulties encountered

in determining the specific names of

hazardous materials in both transportation

and fixed facility incidents

OBJECTIVES

• 29-2.2 Identify sources for obtaining the

names of UN/NA numbers of, or types of

placards associated with hazardous

materials in transportation

• 29-2.3 Identify sources for obtaining the

names of hazardous materials in a fixed

facility

OBJECTIVES

• 29-3.1 Identify the ways in which

hazardous materials are harmful to people,

the environment, and property at hazardous

materials incidents

• 29-3.2 Identify the general routes of entry

for human exposure to hazardous materials

OBJECTIVES

• 29-3.3 Given a current edition of the DOT

Emergency Response Guidebook, identify

the three methods of determining the

appropriate guide for a specific hazardous

material



the two general types of hazards found on

each guide

OBJECTIVES

• 29-4.1 Identify the location of both the

local emergency response plan and the

organization’s standard operating guides


Emergency Response Guidebook, describe

the difference between the protective action

distances in the orange border guides and

the green border pages

OBJECTIVES

• 29-4.3 Given the local emergency

response or the organization’s standard

operating guides, identify the role of the

first responder awareness level trained

personnel at a hazardous materials incident

OBJECTIVES

• 29-4.4 Given the local emergency

response or the organization’s standard

operating guides, identify the basic

precautions to be taken to protect

responders and the public at a hazardous

materials incident

• 29-4.5 Identify the precautions necessary

when providing emergency medical care to

victims of hazardous materials incidents

OBJECTIVES

• 29-4.6 Identify typical ignition sources

found at the scene of hazardous materials

incidents

• 29-4.7 Given the current edition of the

DOT Emergency Response Guidebook,

identify the definitions of the following

protective actions: Isolate & Deny Entry,

Evacuation, and Shelter-in-place

OBJECTIVES



the shapes of recommended initial isolation

an protective action zones


Emergency Response Guidebook, describe

the difference between large & small spills

as found in the table of isolation distances

OBJECTIVES

• 29-4.10 Given a current edition of the

DOT Emergency Response Guidebook,

identify the circumstances under which the

following distances are used at a hazardous

materials incident

– Table of initial isolation & protective action

distances

– Isolation distances in the numbered guides

OBJECTIVES

• 2-4.11 Identify the techniques used to

isolate the hazardous materials area and

deny entry to unauthorized persons at

hazardous materials incidents

• 29-4.12 Identify the initial notification

procedures for hazardous materials

incidents in the local emergency response

plan or the organization’s standard

operating procedures

CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS

• Most of the commonly used classifications

systems were developed by government

regulatory agencies such as the United

States Department of Transportation, the

Environmental Protection Agency, and the

Department of Labor’s Occupational Safety

and Health Administration

TERMINOLOGY

• Hazardous material

– A substance or material which has been

determined by the Secretary of Transportation

to be capable of posing an unreasonable risk to

health, safety and property when transported

• Hazardous chemical

– Any chemical which is a physical or health

hazard to employees

TERMINOLOGY

• Hazardous substance

– Any material that can produce an adverse effect

on the health and safety of the person exposed

• Hazardous waste

– Any waste material which is ignitable,

corrosive, reactive, or toxic and “which may

pose a substantial or potential hazard to human

health and safety and to the environment when

improperly managed”

TERMINOLOGY

• Extremely hazardous substances

– Refers to products that have an extremely high

degree of toxicity

STANDARD OF CARE

• Level of competency anticipated or

mandated in the performance of a service or

a duty

• Components

– Accepted practices

– Not static, but constantly changing, due to

knowledge and understanding growing

– Court mandated changes

STANDARD OF CARE

• Legal implications

– Negligence

• Failure to perform one’s duty or responsibility with

reasonable regard for foreseeable harm to another

– Gross negligence

• Willful or wanton failure to perform one’s duty or

responsibility

LIFE CYCLE OF A

HAZARDOUS MATERIAL

• Manufactured

• Stored by manufacturer

• Transported to producer

• Used to product a product

• Stored by the producer

• Transported to a user or distributor

• Stored by user or distributor

LIFE CYCLE OF A

HAZARDOUS MATERIAL

• Used by user

• Transported to a waste treatment facility

• Treated, stored or disposed

HOW HAZARDOUS

MATERIALS ENTER THE BODY

• Absorption

– The skin acts as a barrier against entry of

foreign materials into the body. If this

protective barrier is weakened or compromised,

toxic chemical can enter

• Inhalation

– The most rapid route, immediately introducing

toxic chemicals to respiratory tissues & the

bloodstream

HOW HAZARDOUS

MATERIALS ENTER THE BODY

• Ingestion

– Materials get into the mouth through hand-to-

mouth contact, and through coughing when

inhaled particulate material is removed from the

lungs to the throat and then swallowed

• Injection

– This can occur by stepping on or bumping

against a sharp object while working at an

incident site

HOW HAZARDOUS

MATERIALS AFFECT YOU

• Exposure

– This implies being in physical proximity to a

hazard, such that injury may occur

• Acute - Develops quickly, usually after exposure at

high concentrations of a hazardous substance

• Chronic - Takes a long time to develop, or requires

exposure over a long period of time, usually at low

concentrations

HOW HAZARDOUS


• Contamination

– This implies direct physical contact with a

hazardous substance

• Internal harm

– This develops when a substance enters the body

and attacks internal organs, such as the liver,

kidney, lungs or in the case of carcinogens,

generalized tissues

HOW HAZARDOUS


• External harm

– This develops when a substance comes in

contact with external tissues

WHAT SUBSTANCES AFFECT

YOUR BODY

• Chest & lungs

– Vapors, solvents, etc.

• Stomach & intestines

– Ingested substances, etc.

• Skin

– Radiation, liquids, blister agents, etc.

WHAT SUBSTANCES AFFECT

YOUR BODY

• Eyes

– Radiation, liquids, vapors, etc.

• Nose & throat

– Vapor, dusts, etc.

• Nervous system

– Liquids, pesticides, nerve agents, etc.

HOW DOES YOUR BODY

REACT?

• Confusion

• Light-headedness

• Anxiety

• Coughing or painful respiration

• Tingling or numbness of extremities

• Changes in behavior mannerisms

• Unconsciousness

HOW DOES YOUR BODY

REACT?

• Dizziness

• Blurred or double vision

• Change in skin color or blushing

• Loss of coordination

• Nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramping &

diarrhea

LIMITING EXPOSURE &

CONTAMINATION

• Time

• Distance

• Shielding

PROTECTIVE MEASURES

• Level A

– Gas tight/air tight encapsulating

– Highest level of chemical protection/respiratory

protection

• Level B

– High respiratory with splash protection

– Minimum level for initial site entry in unknown

chemical response

PROTECTIVE MEASURES

• Level C

– Moderate respiratory with splash protection

– Respiratory protection requirements are low,

limited chemical splash protection

• Level D

– Lowest level of protection

– Not chemical protective clothing

HEALTH HAZARDS

• Irritants

– May be technically classified as external harm

due to the fact the space in the respiratory tract

is technically not inside of our tissues

• Asphyxiants

– Any substance which interferes with the uptake

or utilization of oxygen by the respiratory

process

HEALTH HAZARDS

• Poisons/toxins

– Classified as nerve poisons, anesthetics,

narcotics, and organic poisons

• Carcinogens

– Substances which may cause cancer

• Corrosives

– Substances which cause the chemical

degradation of tissues or metals

HEALTH HAZARDS

• Cryogens

– Substances that have been refrigerated to

temperatures of -130 degrees F or below

• Radiation

– Energy which is emitted, transmitted, or absorbed in

wave or energetic particle form

• Alpha

• Beta

• Gamma

• Neutron

HEALTH HAZARDS

• Etiological harm

– Exposure to microorganisms or their toxins

• Psychological harm

– Stress of dealing with severe trauma,

destruction, death, or even with the slow pace

of hazardous materials incidents may place

large amounts of stress on individuals and

responders as a whole

TOXICITY

• TLV-TWA (Time weighted average)

– Threshold limit value established for workers

based on a safe chemical exposure for eight

hours a day for forty hours per week

• PEL (Permissible exposure limits)

– Similar to TLV-TWA

TOXICITY

• TLV-STEL (Short term exposure limits)

– Threshold value established for a safe short

term exposure (15 minutes) for emergency

workers

• TLV-C (Ceiling)

– Threshold limit value which is set just below

the concentration which will cause immediate

irritation

TOXICITY

• IDLH (Immediately dangerous to life &

health)

– The maximum level to which a healthy worker

can be exposed for 30 minutes to a chemical

and escape without suffering irreversible health

effects or escape-impairing symptoms

• LD50 (Lethal dose 50%)

– Dose calculated to kill half the population

TOXICITY

• LC50 (Lethal concentration 50%)

– Concentration of a gas, vapor, or suspended

liquid or solid calculated to kill half of a

population

GUIDELINES TO LIMIT

CONTAMINATION

• Look for signs that hazardous materials may

be present

• Stay uphill & upwind from the incident

• Isolate the area

• Do not walk into, touch, or inhale any of the

released materials

• Attempt to identify the product

• Request additional assistance

DEFINITIONS

• Boiling point

– Temperature at which the vapor pressure of a

material is equal to or greater than atmospheric

pressure

• Flashpoint

– Minimum temperature of a liquid at which it

will give off sufficient vapor to form an

ignitable mixture with air near the surface

DEFINITIONS

• Ignition temperature

– Minimum temperature at which a material will

ignite without a spark or flame being present

• Lower explosive limit (LEL)

– Minimum vapor or gas concentration in air

below which a substance will not burn

• Upper explosive limit (UEL)

– Maximum concentration of a substance in air

above which a substance will not burn

DEFINITIONS

• Flammable range

– Numerical difference between the UEL & LEL

• Vapor density

– Weight of volume of pure gas or vapor

compared with an equal volume of dry air

• Specific gravity

– Weight of a substance compared with an equal

volume of water

DEFINITIONS

• Water solubility

– The degree to which a material will dissolve in

water

• Toxicity

– The ability of a substance to cause tissue

damage, impairment, severe illness, or death

when ingested, inhaled, or absorbed by the skin

DEFINITIONS

• Corrosiveness

– Destructive to tissue and/or metal

• Radioactivity

– Materials which emit radiation

• Oxidizing ability

– Materials which contain large amounts of free

oxygen

DEFINITIONS

• Instability

– Materials capable of undergoing rapid chemical change

• Reactivity

– Materials which undergo rapid change when exposed to

air or water

• Expansion ratio

– Determination of how many volumes of gas or vapor

are produced by the evaporization of one volume of

liquid

METHODS OF DETECTING

HAZARDOUS MATERIALS PRESENCE

• Occupancy & location

• Container shapes & sizes

• Markings & color

• Placards & labels

• Shipping papers

• Monitoring devices

• Your senses

OCCUPANCY & LOCATION

• Fixed facilities

– Service stations

– Hardware stores

– Laboratories &

medical facilities

– Doctor’s and dentist’s

offices

– Farms & associated

service industries

– Industrial sites

– Residences

– Shops/stores

– Construction sites

– Educational institutions

– Military installations

• Transportation

– Roadway

– Railway

– Waterway

– Air

– Pipeline

CONTAINER SHAPES AND

SIZES

• Motor carrier containers

– Atmospheric pressure tank truck (MC306/DOT

406)

• Oval cylinder shape that generally carries flammable

combustible liquids

• Identified by aluminum or elliptical tank

construction, valving and unloading control box

under the tank


SIZES

• Motor carrier containers cont.

– Low pressure chemical carrier (MC307/DOT

407)

• Designed to carry various chemicals at low

pressures

• Horseshoe shaped or round cylinder often insulated

with a double shell, top manhole assembly protected

by a flashing box that also provides rollover

protection and a drain hose from the flashing box

down the side


SIZES


– Corrosive liquid carrier (MC312/DOT412)

• Carries corrosive liquids, strong acids and bases

• Small circular diameter shape with reinforcing

exterior stiffening rings and a rear or middle top

loading/unloading station with exterior piping

extending to the bottom of the tank


SIZES


– High pressure liquefied gas tanker (MC331)

• Carries gases that have been liquefied by increasing

the pressure and compressing them to the liquid

stage

• Identified by round heads on both ends, a bolted

manhole at the rear and a guard cage around the

bottom loading/unloading piping


SIZES

• Intermodal containers

– Transported by highway, rail, or water

– Standard size and stackable

– Transport any class of hazardous material

• Portable tanks

– Used to transport hazardous materials in

quantities of 119 gallons or more

– Metal, wood, fiberwood, plastic, textile or

paper


SIZES

• Fixed tanks

– Cone roof tanks

• Tank with vertical cylindrical walls supporting a

fixed inverted cone roof

• Operates at atmospheric pressure

• Weak roof to wall seam

• May have insulation

• Stores flammable, combustible, and corrosive

liquids


SIZES

• Fixed tanks

– Internal cone floating roof tanks

• Cone roof tank with internal floating roof

• Identified by large vents at the roof wall seam

• Stores flammable and combustible liquids

– Open floating roof tank

• Wind girder around the top of the tank shell

• Ladder on roof

• Roof floats on material


SIZES

• Fixed tanks

– Horizontal tanks

• Horizontal cylindrical tank sitting on supports

• Structural integrity of supports critical

• Pre-1950 bolted or riveted, post-1950 welded

– Sphere tanks

• Single shell non-insulated tank

• Painted white or highly reflected color

• Pressures of 100 to 500 psi

• May have water spray system for fire protection


SIZES

• Fixed tanks

– Underground storage tank

• A tank with greater that 10% surface area

underground

• Clues:

– Vents

– Fill points

– Occupancy

– Location


SIZES

• Individual containers

– Open-top and closed-top drums

• Closed-top drums are sealed drums which have

small openings in the top of the drum through which

liquids can be poured

• Open-top drums have removable lids and do not

have the small openings characteristic of the closed-

top drum


SIZES


– Cryogenic containers

• So cold that they must be contained in heavily

insulated containers

• To further insulate these containers, the inner or

annular space is evacuated of air

• Safety relief valves and rupture disk vent off excess

pressure


SIZES


– Radioactive material containers

• Low-level radiation sources may be so small and

inactive that the total package weighs only a few

ounces

• May be packaged in fiberboard or cardboard boxes,

wooden boxes, or steam drums to ensure the

radiation is not released


SIZES


– Pressurized cylinders

• Used to transport, store and use large volumes of

gaseous products

• Compressed gas cylinders range in size and have

varying pressures

MARKINGS & COLORS

• NFPA 704 system

– Gives general hazard

and the degree of

severity of toxicity,

flammability, and

reactivity

– Does not identify the

specific chemical or

chemicals

– Uses a diamond symbol

with colored background

numerical ratings

– Blue - health hazard

– Red - fire hazard

– Yellow - reactivity hazard

– White - additional info.

– Each diamond except the

white one has a number

between 0 & 4

MARKINGS & COLORS

• Military markers

– Mass detonation - Class 1

– Explosion with fragments - Class 2

– Mass fire hazard - Class 3

– Moderate fire hazard - Class 4

MARKINGS & COLORS

• HMIS system

– Used on storage vessels and containers

– No law regulates this system

– Uses a rectangular symbol with colored

descriptive backgrounds

• Blue - health

• Red - flammability

• White - personnel protective equipment needed

PLACARDS & LABELS

• Placards

– Affixed to highway and rail transportation

vehicles and portable tanks carried on or in

transport vehicles

• Labels

– Affixed on drums, packages, and other small

containers

PLACARDS & LABELS

• DOT placard & label

– United Nations (UN) classification system for

hazardous materials

– Hazard class wording or 4-digit number across

the center of the placard

– Symbol at the top

– Color

PLACARDS & LABELS

• Seven classes or

divisions of hazardous

materials

– Explosive A - Division

1.1

– Explosive A & B -

Division 1.2

– Explosive B - Division

1.3

– Poison A - Division 2.3

– Flammable Solid

Dangerous When Wet

- Division 4.3

– Poison Inhalation

Hazard (PIH) -

Division 6.1

– Radioactive Yellow III

- Hazard Class 7

PLACARDS & LABELS

• DOT Hazard Classes

– Explosives

• UN Hazard Class 1

– Division 1.1

• Consists of explosives that have mass explosion

hazard

– Division 1.2

• Consists of explosives that have a projection hazard

but not a mass explosion hazard

PLACARDS & LABELS


– Explosives


– Division 1.3

• Consists of explosives that have a fire hazard and

either a minor blast hazard or both, but not a mass

explosion hazard

– Color coded: Orange

– Word coded: Explosives

– Symbol coded: Bursting ball

PLACARDS & LABELS


– Explosives


– Division 1.4

• Consists of explosives that present a minor explosion

hazard

– Division 1.5

• Consists of very insensitive explosives

PLACARDS & LABELS


– Explosives


– Division 1.6

• Consists of extremely insensitive explosives which do

not have a mass explosion hazard

– Color coded: Orange

– Word coded: Explosives or blasting agent

– Symbol coded: The division number

PLACARDS & LABELS


– Compressed gases


– Division 2.1

• Flammable gas

– Division 2.2

• Non-flammable/non-poisonous gas including compressed

gas, liquefied gas, pressurized cryogenic gas, compressed

gas in solution, asphyxiant gas, & oxidizing gas

– Division 2.3

• Gas poisonous by inhalation

PLACARDS & LABELS


– Compressed gases


– Color coded: Red (flammable), Green (non-

flammable), Yellow (oxidizer), White

(poisonous)

– Word coded: Flammable gas, non-flammable gas,

poison gas, or oxygen

– Symbol coded: Flame (flammable), cylinder (non-

flammable), skull & crossbones

(poisonous) or circle with flame

(oxidizer)

PLACARDS & LABELS


– Cryogenics

• UN Hazard Class Number 2

– Any substance which has been refrigerated or cooled to

-130 degrees Fahrenheit or below

– Cryogenic gases are gases which have been liquefied by

the reduction temperature

– Shipped at temperatures below their boiling point

PLACARDS & LABELS


– Flammable & combustible liquids


– Flammable liquids

• Have flash point below 141degrees Fahrenheit

– Combustible liquids

• Have flash point above 141 degrees Fahrenheit and

below 200 degrees Fahrenheit

– Color coded: Red

– Word coded: Flammable or combustible

– Symbol coded: Flame

PLACARDS & LABELS


– Flammable solids


– Division 4.1

• Materials that meet one of the following: wetted

explosives that when dry are Explosives of Class 1

other that those of compatibility group A or are

authorized in table 172.101 of 49 CFR; are self

reactive materials that are thermally unstable and that

can undergo a strongly exothermal decomposition

even without the participation of oxygen; solids which

may cause fire through friction such as matches

PLACARDS & LABELS




– Division 4.2

• A pyrophoric liquid or solid that can ignite within 5

minutes after contact with air without an external

ignition source or self heating material upon contact

with air or is a material that when in contact with air

and without an energy supply is liable to self-heat

PLACARDS & LABELS




– Division 4.3

• A material that by contact with water may become

spontaneously flammable or give off flammable or toxic gas

– Color coded: White/red vertical stripes (flammable

solid), white over red (spontaneously

combustible, blue (dangerous when

wet)

– Word coded: Flammable solid, spontaneously

combustible or dangerous when wet

– Symbol coded: Flame

PLACARDS & LABELS


– Oxidizers


– Division 5.1

• Solid or liquid material that may, generally yielding

oxygen, cause or enhance the combustion other materials

– Division 5.2

• Any organic compound containing oxygen in the bivalent

structure & which may be considered a derivative of

hydrogen peroxide, where 1 or more hydrogen atoms

have been replaced by organic materials

PLACARDS & LABELS


– Oxidizers


– Color coded: Yellow

– Word coded: Oxidizer or organic peroxide

– Symbol coded: Circle with flame

PLACARDS & LABELS


– Poisons/toxins


– Division 6.1

• Poisonous material is a material, other that a gas, which is

known to be toxic to humans as to afford a hazard to health

during transportation, or which, in the absence of adequate

data on human toxicity is presumed toxic to humans

– Division 6.2

• Includes infectious substances, diagnostic

specimens, biological products & regulated

medical wastes

PLACARDS & LABELS


– Poisons/toxins


– Color coded: White

– Word coded: Harmful stow away from food stuffs,

poison, or infectious substance (label

only)

– Symbol coded: Skull & crossbones (poisons),

biological (infectious substance),

wheat with a “x” (harmful stow away

from foodstuffs)

PLACARDS & LABELS


– Radioactive material


– Radioactive White I

• Radiation level of less than .5 millirems per hour (no

placard required)

– Radioactive Yellow II

• Radiation level of .5 but less than 50 millirems per

hour (no placard required)

– Radioactive Yellow III

• Radiation level of more than 50 millirems per hour

(placard required for any quantity)

PLACARDS & LABELS


– Radioactive material


– Color coded: Yellow top with white bottom

(placard & radioactive II & III) or

white top with white bottom

(radioactive I)

– Word coded: Radioactive

– Symbol coded: Trefoil

PLACARDS & LABELS


– Corrosive


– A liquid or solid that causes full thickness destruction of

human skin at the site of contact within a specified amount

to time

– Color coded: White top with black bottom

– Word coded: Corrosive

– Symbol coded: Test tube/hand/metal

PLACARDS & LABELS


– Miscellaneous Hazard Materials


– Materials which present a hazard during transportation,

but which do not meet the definition of any other hazard

class

– Color coded: Black & white top with white bottom

– Word coded: None

– Symbol coded: None

PLACARDS & LABELS


– ORM-D

• Consumer commodity

– Products or materials which have been produced for

personal or home use

– There are no labels or placards for this group

PLACARDS & LABELS

• Other placards

– Dangerous

• Used when a vehicle, container, or rail car contains

non-bulk packaging with two or more categories of

hazardous materials that require different placards,

but not required to be placarded in any quantity

– Subsidiary hazard

• Any hazard in addition to the primary hazard

PLACARDS & LABELS

• Pesticide labels

Level of toxicity Signal words

High Danger/poison

Moderate Warning

Low Caution

PLACARDS & LABELS


– Statement of practical treatment

• Also referred to as the “first aid statement” or “note

to physician”

– Physician or chemical hazard treatment

• Will list special flammability, explosion, or

chemical hazards posed by the product

PLACARDS & LABELS


– Product name

• Brand or trade name is printed on the front label

– Ingredient statement

• Must have statements which break down the

chemical ingredients by their relative percentages or

as pounds per gallon of concentrate

PLACARDS & LABELS


– Environmental information

• May provide information on both storage and

disposal of the product, as well as environmental or

wildlife hazards that could occur

– EPA registration number

• Required for all pesticide products marketed in the

United States

PLACARDS & LABELS


– EPA registration number

• Number will appear as follows

– Group 1 - Manufacturer

– Group 2 - Specific product

– Group 3 - Locations where product may be used

– EPA establishment number

• Location where the product was manufactured

PLACARDS & LABELS

• Pipeline markers

– Required when a pipeline crosses under a rail

line, crosses a public road, crosses a waterway

and spaced along the pipeline

– Contains the word “Warning”, product

information, the name of the carrier, and an

emergency contact phone number

NORTH AMERICAN EMERGENCY

RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK

• White section

– Appears at both the front & back of the

guidebook

– Front section contains information on how to

use the guidebook, safety precautions, who to

call for assistance, hazard classifications, and a

placard guide

– Numbers for CHEMTREC, CHEM-TEL, Inc.,

National Response Center, & military

shipments


RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK

• Yellow section

– Chemical listed in numeric order based on the

4-digit number assigned to the chemical

– Once you locate the number it will refer you to

a 3-digit guide

– If it has the letter “P” after it, the material may

undergo polymerization

– If entry is highlighted, you must go to the green

section to determine the isolation & evacuation

distances


RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK

• Blue section

– Chemicals listed alphabetically

– Remainder of the information is exactly the

same as in the yellow section

• Orange section

– Contains information that can be used by first

responders during the initial phases of the

incident


RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK

• Green section

– Contains information on initial isolation &

protective action distances

MATERIAL SAFETY DATA

SHEET (MSDS)

• Objective is to inform you about the hazards

of the materials

• Employees, LEPC’s, local responders, and

the public must have access to MSDS

• Information on the MSDS is the

summarization of facts from many sources

MATERIAL SAFETY DATA

SHEET (MSDS)

• Contains

– Material name

– Chemical formula

– Common synonyms

– Chemical family

– Manufacturer’s name

– Emergency number

– Hazardous ingredients

– Regulated exposure

limits

– Physical data

– Fire & explosion data

– Health hazard data

– Reactivity data

– Spill or leak

procedures

– Special protection

information

– Special precautions

SHIPPING PAPERS

• Identification of shipping papers

– Highway

• Title of shipping paper

– Bill of lading

• Location of shipping paper

– Cab of vehicle

• Person(s) responsible

– Driver

SHIPPING PAPERS


– Rail


– Waybill/consist


– A crew member


– Train crew member

SHIPPING PAPERS


– Water


– Dangerous cargo manifest


– Wheelhouse or pipelike container on barge


– Captain or master

SHIPPING PAPERS


– Air


– Air bill with shipper’s certification for restricted articles


– Cockpit


– Pilot

MONITORING

• The use of monitoring equipment to

determine the presence of hazardous

materials should only be attempted with

proper training in the use of the equipment

• In most cases this is beyond what a person

at the awareness level would be trained to

do

USE OF HUMAN SENSES AS

CLUES

• Vision

• Hearing

• The use of taste, touch, & smell presents a

risk of exposure or contamination from

hazardous materials. THESE SENSES

SHOULD NOT BE EMPLOYED

INTENTIONALLY AT A HAZARDOUS

MATERIALS INCIDENT

BASIC SCENE DECISIONS

• Five step process

– Isolate

– Identify

– Notify

– Mitigate

– Terminate


• Isolate

– Started when the scene is approached from

uphill and upwind and from a safe distance

– Unknown materials should be treated as if they

are a hazardous material until it has been

determined that they are not

– Evaluation of the scene will need to start

immediately


• Identify

– Occupancy/location

– Container shapes & sizes

– Markings & colors

– Placards & labels

– Shipping papers & MSDS

– Monitoring

– Senses


• Notify

– Must be done throughout the incident

– Ongoing & continuous throughout the entire

incident

– Basic guide for information that you would

report

• Who

• What

• When

• Where


• Mitigate

– Actual hands on mitigation must be performed

by properly trained individuals

– If you or other responders are only trained to

the awareness level, the mitigation strategy of

choice should be non-intervention


• Terminate

– Documentation

– Debriefing

– Write a report that

includes

• Date & location

• Description of initial

incident & sequence of

events

• People involved

• Actions that you took

• Your concerns, if any

• Any possible health

effects you experienced


• Before the emergency responders arrive

– After notifying the appropriate personnel, you

should return to the scene unless you are told

otherwise

– Continue to maintain a safe distance while

noting any changes in the scene

– Remember it is not your responsibility to

control or contain the hazardous materials

spill


• If the media arrive

– Arrival raises several concerns:

• Who will they interview & how will they get their

information

• How can they be protected from the hazardous

material

• How can they get their story without endangering

emergency responders or the public


• If the media arrive

– Here are some tips for dealing with them

• Advise them for their own safety to stay

upwind/uphill & as far away as possible

• Describe who has been contacted

• Remain calm & do not exaggerate the seriousness of

the situation

• Do not guess about the cause of the accident or

incident

• When the IC or PIO arrive direct the media to them


• When the emergency responders arrive

– Responsibilities of the first-on-the-scene in the

Incident Command System

• Provide a complete report to the highest ranking

officer who arrives

• Offer assistance to the Incident Commander/handle

duties as assigned

• If you will not be involved with emergency response

or Site Control, get out of the way

• Notify the Incident Commander or Record Keeper if

you leave


• Defensive tactics

– Management of a hazardous materials incident

utilizing only available equipment while

remaining out of the area hazardous materials

involvement

• Offensive tactics

– Aggressive management of a hazardous

materials incident utilizing specialized

monitoring & protective equipment especially

for the entrance into the vicinity of the release


• Nonintervention

– Management of a hazardous materials incident

utilizing evacuation & tactical withdraw as the

only involvement implemented


• On scene considerations

– Safety

– Rescue

– Product control

– Environmental protection/conservation

– Property protection/conservation


• Safety

– Must be the responder’s number one priority

• Rescue

– Individuals trained at the awareness level are

NOT prepared to perform these tasks when

hazardous materials are involved


• Product control

– At the awareness level, you are not trained to

make decisions related to product control

• Environmental protection

– Protecting the environment is protecting the

lives of future generations

• Property protection

– Responders must understand that their lives,

and the lives of the public are the first priority

TERRORISM

• A violent act or an act dangerous to human

life, in violation of the criminal laws of the

United States of any segment to intimidate

or coerce a government, the civilian

population or social objectives (U.S.

Department of Labor)

TERRORISM

• Domestic terrorism

– Involves groups or individuals who direct

activities at elements of our government or

population without foreign direction

• International terrorism

– Involves groups or individuals whose terrorist

activities are foreign based and /or directed by

countries or groups outside the United States or

whose activities transcend national boundaries

EMERGENCY RESPONSE

CHALLENGE

• Locations or occupancies

– Public building or public assembly areas

– Infrastructure systems (mass transit systems,

communication centers, public safety systems)

– Controversial businesses (abortion clinics, fur

stores)

– Places of high economic impact

– Historical or symbolic significance

EMERGENCY RESPONSE

CHALLENGE

• Type event

– Explosions

– Incidents involving firearms

– Non-trauma mass causality incidents

EMERGENCY RESPONSE

CHALLENGE

• On-scene warning signs

– Unexplained patterns of sudden onset of mass

illness or death

– Unusual odors or tastes

– Unexplained signs & symptoms of skin, eye, or

airway irritation

– Unexplained vapor clouds, mists, & plumes

– Spot fires

– Intentional release of hazardous materials

EMERGENCY RESPONSE

CHALLENGE

• On-scene warning signs

– Chemical containers, spray devices or lab

equipment in unusual locations

– Items or containers that appear out of place at

unusual incidents, which might indicate a

secondary device

– Unusual security, locks, bars on windows, covered

windows, & barbed wire

– Anything that appears not to be “normal” also

referred to as the “sixth sense”

EMERGENCY RESPONSE

CHALLENGE

• Types of harm

– Thermal

• Both heat and cold

– Radiological

• Alpha, beta, & gamma radiation

– Asphyxiation

• Lack of oxygen in the atmosphere due to displacement

by heavier than air vapors or depletion by a chemical

reaction such as burning

EMERGENCY RESPONSE

CHALLENGE

• Types of harm

– Chemical

• Toxic or corrosive materials

– Etiological

• Disease causing materials, bacteria, rickettsia, viruses,

and toxins

– Mechanical

• Any type of mechanical harm causing trauma

AWARENESS LEVEL ACTIONS

• Establish Control Zones

– Control the Scene

• Isolate Hazards

• Communicate Suspicions

• Request Technical Assistance

• DOCUMENT!


BEWARE

SECONDARY

INCIDENTS!


• Gather Information

• Through observation, using senses

• Estimate Course and Harm

• Determine Strategic Goals

• Assess Tactical Options and Resources

• Plan and Implement Actions

• Evaluate

• Review


• Activate Resources

– Local

• 911 or local emergency number

– State

• IEMA – 1-800-782-7860

– Federal

• CHEMTREC – 1-800-424-9300

• National Response Center – 1-800-424-8802


• Emergency Operations Plan

– Local EOP’s

– State EOP’s

– Federal Response Plan


• Five Step Process

– ISOLATE

– IDENTIFY

– NOTIFY

• Who, What, When, Where

– MITIGATE

• Non-Intervention

– TERMINATE


REMEMBER

IT IS NOT YOUR RESPONSIBILIY

TO CONTROL OR CONTAIN

THE HAZARDPOUS MATERIAL

SPILL!


• When Media Arrive

• When Emergency Responders Arrive

– On-scene Considerations

• Safety

• Rescue

• Product Control

• Environmental Protection

• Property Protection

CONCLUSION

THE ACTIONS OF THE FIRST

ON SCENE WILL HAVE A

DIRECT EFFECT ON THE

OUTCOME OF THE

HAZARDOUS MATERIAL

INCIDENT

QUESTIONS???

THANK

YOU!

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