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Hawke’s Bay Regional Council
Napier and Hastings
Continuous Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Summary Report
10 July to 02 September 2013
Prepared for
Hawke’s Bay Regional Council
By
Air Quality Department
HBRC Publication No. 4509Report No. RM13-08
HBRC, Napier and Hastings 10 July to 02 September 2013
Watercare Services Ltd i
Continuous Ambient Air Quality Monitoring
10 July to 02 September 2013
A report for
Hawke’s Bay Regional Council
159 Dalton Street
Napier 4110
New Zealand
02 October 2013
Watercare Services Ltd
52 Aintree Avenue
Airport Oaks
PO Box 107 028
Airport Oaks
MANUKAU
Ph 09 539 7600
Fax 09 539 7601
Author Peer Reviewer
Kath McLeod Jonathan Taylor
Senior Air Quality Technician (KTP) Air Quality Technician (KTP)
Watercare Services Ltd Watercare Services Ltd
HBRC, Napier and Hastings 10 July to 02 September 2013
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DISCLAIMER
This report or document "the report" is given by Watercare Services Limited “Watercare” solely for the benefit
of Hawke’s Bay Regional Council “HBRC” as defined in the contract or terms and conditions between Watercare
and HBRC, and is strictly subject to the conditions laid out in that contract or terms and conditions. This report
may not be reproduced, except in full.
Neither Watercare nor any of its employees makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal
liability or responsibility for use of the report or its contents by any other person or organisation.
HBRC, Napier and Hastings 10 July to 02 September 2013
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Table of Contents
Page
1 Summary ..................................................................................................... 1
2 Introduction ................................................................................................ 2
3 Ambient Air Quality Guidelines and Standards ............................................. 3
3.1 New Zealand Environmental Performance Indicators ..................................... 4
4 Site Description ........................................................................................... 5
5 Methods ....................................................................................................... 8
5.1 Quality Assurance .................................................................................... 8
5.2 Carbon Monoxide ..................................................................................... 8
5.3 Nitrogen Oxides ....................................................................................... 8
5.4 Sulfur Dioxide .......................................................................................... 9
5.5 Ozone ..................................................................................................... 9
5.6 Particulate Matter ..................................................................................... 9
5.7 Meteorological Parameters ........................................................................ 9
6 Results ....................................................................................................... 10
6.1 Site Performance..................................................................................... 10
6.2 Carbon Monoxide (CO) ............................................................................. 11
6.3 Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) ............................................................................ 18
6.4 Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) ................................................................................ 26
6.5 Ozone (O3) ............................................................................................. 32
6.6 Particulate Matter as PM10 ........................................................................ 38
6.7 Meteorological Parameters ....................................................................... 47
6.7.1 Ambient Temperature and Relative Humidity ....................................... 47
6.7.2 Wind Speed and Direction .................................................................. 52
7 Instrument History .................................................................................... 58
8 References ................................................................................................. 60
HBRC, Napier and Hastings 10 July to 02 September 2013
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Tables
Page
Table 1: AAQG (2002) and NES ............................................................................ 3
Table 2: Environmental Performance Indicators for Air Quality ................................. 4
Table 3: Site Performance – 10 July to 02 September 2013 .................................... 10
Table 4: CO Statistics and Exceedences – 11 July to 02 September 2013 ................. 11
Table 5: NO2 Statistics and Exceedences – 12 July to 02 September 2013 ................ 18
Table 6: SO2 Statistics and Exceedences – 12 July to 02 September 2013 ................ 26
Table 7: O3 Statistics and Exceedences – 10 July to 02 September 2013 .................. 32
Table 8: PM10 Statistics and Exceedences – 11 July to 02 September 2013 ............... 38
Table 9: PM10 Exceedences Summary – 11 July to 02 September 2013 .................... 39
Table 10: Ambient Temperature Statistics – 10 July to 02 September 2013 ................ 47
Table 11: Relative Humidity Statistics – 10 July to 02 September 2013 ..................... 47
Table 12: Wind Statistics – 10 July to 02 September 2013 ....................................... 52
Figures
Page
Figure 1: Map of Napier and Hastings Air Quality Monitoring Sites ............................. 7
Figure 2: HBRC, Napier and Hastings: CO (1-hour averages) ................................... 12
Figure 3: HBRC, Napier and Hastings: CO (8-hour rolling averages).......................... 13
Figure 4: HBRC, Napier: CO Pollution Rose (1-hour averages) .................................. 14
Figure 5: HBRC, Hastings: CO Pollution Rose (1-hour averages) ............................... 15
Figure 6: HBRC, Napier and Hastings: CO Diurnal Variation (1-hour averages) ........... 16
Figure 7: HBRC, Napier and Hastings: CO Comparison of EPI Categories (1-hour
and 8-hour averages) ............................................................................ 17
Figure 8: HBRC, Napier and Hastings: NO2 (1-hour averages) .................................. 19
Figure 9: HBRC, Napier and Hastings: NOx as NO2 (1-hour averages) ....................... 20
Figure 10: HBRC, Napier and Hastings: NO2 (24-hour averages) ................................ 21
Figure 11: HBRC, Napier: NO2 Pollution Rose (1-hour averages) ................................ 22
Figure 12: HBRC, Hastings: NO2 Pollution Rose (1-hour averages) ............................. 23
Figure 13: HBRC, Napier and Hastings: NO2 Diurnal Variation (1-hour averages) ......... 24
Figure 14: HBRC, Napier and Hastings: NO2 Comparison of EPI Categories (1-hour
and 24-hour averages) .......................................................................... 25
Figure 15: HBRC, Napier: SO2 (1-hour averages) ..................................................... 27
Figure 16: HBRC, Napier: SO2 (24-hour averages) ................................................... 28
Figure 17: HBRC, Napier: SO2 Pollution Rose (1-hour averages)................................. 29
Figure 18: HBRC, Napier: SO2 Diurnal Variation (1-hour averages) ............................. 30
HBRC, Napier and Hastings 10 July to 02 September 2013
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Figure 19: HBRC, Napier: SO2 Comparison of EPI Categories (1-hour and 24-hour
averages) ............................................................................................ 31
Figure 20: HBRC, Hastings: O3 (1-hour averages) .................................................... 33
Figure 21: HBRC, Hastings: O3 (8-hour rolling averages) .......................................... 34
Figure 22: HBRC, Napier and Hastings: O3 Pollution Rose (1-hour averages) ............... 35
Figure 23: HBRC, Hastings: O3 Diurnal Variation (1-hour averages) ............................ 36
Figure 24: HBRC, Hastings: O3 Comparison of EPI Categories (1-hour and 8-hour
averages) ............................................................................................ 37
Figure 25: HBRC, Napier and Hastings: PM10 (1-hour averages) ................................. 40
Figure 26: HBRC, Napier and Hastings: PM10 (24-hour averages) ............................... 41
Figure 27: HBRC, Napier: PM10 Pollution Rose (1-hour averages) ............................... 42
Figure 28: HBRC, Hastings: PM10 Pollution Rose (1-hour averages) ............................. 43
Figure 29: HBRC, Napier and Hastings: PM10 Diurnal Variation (1-hour averages) ........ 44
Figure 30: HBRC, Napier and Hastings: PM10 Comparison of EPI Categories (1-hour
and 24-hour averages) .......................................................................... 45
Figure 31: HBRC, Napier and Hastings: PM10 Diurnal Variation (1-hour averages) ........ 46
Figure 32: HBRC, Napier and Hastings: Ambient Temperature (1-hour averages) ......... 48
Figure 33: HBRC, Napier and Hastings: Ambient Temperature (24-hour averages) ....... 49
Figure 34: HBRC, Napier and Hastings: Ambient Temperature Diurnal Variation (1-
hour averages) ..................................................................................... 50
Figure 35: HBRC, Napier and Hastings: Relative Humidity (1-hour averages) ............... 51
Figure 36: HBRC, Napier and Hastings: Wind Speed (1-hour averages) ....................... 53
Figure 37: HBRC, Napier and Hastings: Wind Direction (1-hour averages) ................... 54
Figure 38: HBRC, Napier and Hastings: Wind Rose (1-hour averages) ......................... 55
Figure 39: HBRC, Hastings: Wind Rose (1-hour averages) ......................................... 56
Figure 40: HBRC, Napier and Hastings: Wind Speed Diurnal Variation (1-hour
averages) ............................................................................................ 57
HBRC, Napier and Hastings 10 July to 02 September 2013
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1 Summary
This report contains ambient air quality results for Hawke’s Bay Regional Council (HBRC)
at the Napier and Hastings ambient air quality sites. The continuous parameters were
monitored from 10 July to 02 September 2013. The parameters monitored for this report
at the Napier and Hastings sites were:
Carbon Monoxide (CO) at both sites
Nitrogen Oxides (NO and NO2) at both sites
Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) at Napier
Ozone (O3) at Hastings
Particulate Matter as PM10 at both sites
The monitoring was conducted by Watercare, on behalf of HBRC. Monitoring was set up
to measure key air pollutants associated with adverse effects on people’s health and
forms part of HBRC’s national environmental standard requirements.
The Napier site was located in the suburb of Marewa and the Hastings was located in
Saint Leonards. The sites were both near major roads and residential areas. At the time
of the monitoring the sites would have primarily been affected by domestic heating and
vehicle emissions.
Ambient air quality monitoring at Napier and Hastings in Hawke’s Bay for the period of 10
July to 02 September 2013 showed that:
For Napier:
There were no exceedences of the National Environmental Standard or
Ambient Air Quality Guideline for CO, NO2, SO2 or PM10.
Valid data was greater than 96% for all parameters.
The predominant winds came from the west-northwest.
PM10 24-hour average concentrations had 3.9% in the “alert” EPI category
(>66% of 50µg/m3).
For Hastings:
There were no exceedences of the National Environmental Standard or
Ambient Air Quality Guideline for CO, NO2 or O3.
There were six exceedences of the National Environmental Standard and
Ambient Air Quality Guideline for PM10.
Valid data was greater than 98% for all parameters except O3 (79%) due to a
sample flow fault.
The predominant winds came from the southwest to west-southwest.
CO 8-hour average concentrations had 0.2% in the “alert” EPI category
(>66% of 10mg/m3).
O3 8-hour average concentrations had 7.1% in the “alert” EPI category
(>66% of 100µg/m3).
PM10 24-hour average concentrations had 11.1% in the “action” EPI category
(>50µg/m3) and 20.4% in the “alert” EPI category (>66% of 50µg/m3 and
<50µg/m3).
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The maximum and average CO, NO2 and PM10 concentrations were higher at the
Hastings site than at the Napier site.
The average CO concentrations at Hastings were twice as high as Napier
The morning peak concentrations for CO and SO2 occurred an hour earlier than NO2
and PM10.
The morning peak concentrations occurred an hour earlier at Hastings.
The afternoon peak concentrations occurred an hour earlier at Napier.
The majority of the pollutants came from the main wind directions for the site.
Hasting had lower ambient temperature, higher humidity and lower wind speeds
than Napier.
2 Introduction
HBRC commissioned Watercare to conduct continuous monitoring of carbon monoxide
(CO), oxides of nitrogen (NO and NO2), sulfur dioxide, ozone particulate matter as PM10
and meteorological parameters at the HBRC Napier and Hastings sites in Hawke’s Bay.
The monitoring was carried out to examine the ambient air quality within the area.
This report presents a summary of data from 10 July to 02 September 2013. Monitoring
was undertaken during winter so pollutant concentrations due to home heating emissions
could also be observed along with vehicle emissions and any other ambient interactions.
For the reporting period the gaseous instruments have been adjusted for span and zero
instrument drift using the results from automatic and manual calibrations. All data in this
report has been validated. Quality assurance checks have been carried out to ensure that
invalid and calibration data are not reported.
This report presents:
a summary of ambient air quality guidelines and standards
an overview of the relevant guideline and standards
monitoring site descriptions
an overview of the methods used to monitor parameters
site performance
comparison to the relevant ambient air quality guidelines and standards
data summary and statistics
analyser instrument history
HBRC, Napier and Hastings 10 July to 02 September 2013
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3 Ambient Air Quality Guidelines and Standards
The measurements of air quality made at Napier and Hastings can be compared with
various air quality guidelines or standards. The Ministry for the Environment (MfE)
National Environmental Standards (NES) for air quality superseded the Ambient Air
Quality Guidelines (AAQG) 2002 in some areas. These limits are listed in Table 1.
Table 1: AAQG (2002) and NES
Contaminant Averaging Period MfE AAQG MfE NES
Carbon Monoxide
(CO)
1-hour 30mg/m³ No standard
8-hour 10mg/m³ 10mg/m³ with 1
exceedence per year
Nitrogen Dioxide
(NO2)
1-hour 200µg/m³ 200µg/m³ with 9
exceedences per year
24-hour 100µg/m³ No standard
Sulfur Dioxide (SO2)
1-hour 350µg/m3
350µg/m³ with 9
exceedences per year
570µg/m³ with no
allowable exceedences
24-hour 120µg/m3 No standard
Ozone (O3)
1-hour 150µg/m³ 150µg/m³ with no
allowable exceedences
8-hour 100µg/m³ No standard
Particulates (PM10)
24-hour 50µg/m3 50µg/m³*
Annual 20µg/m3 No standard
*One allowable exceedence for the Napier airshed and three allowable exceedences for the Hastings airshed.
HBRC, Napier and Hastings 10 July to 02 September 2013
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3.1 New Zealand Environmental Performance Indicators
In order to provide guidance on when improvement should be required, the MfE has
provided Environmental Performance Indicators (EPI) for air quality, as set out in
Table 2. These indicators can act as both indicators of poor air quality and goals which
policy can work towards achieving.
Table 2: Environmental Performance Indicators for Air Quality
Category Maximum Measured
Value Comment
Action Exceeds guideline Completely unacceptable by national and international
standards
Alert Between 66% and
100% of the guideline
Warning level, which can lead to guidelines being
exceeded if trends are not curbed
Acceptable Between 33% and
66% of the guideline
A broad category, where maximum values might be of
concern in some sensitive locations, but are generally
at a level which does not warrant dramatic action
Good Between 10% and
33% of the guideline
Peak measurements in this range are unlikely to affect
air quality
Excellent Less than 10% of the
guideline
Of little concern. If maximum values are less than a
tenth of the guideline, average values are likely to be
much less
HBRC, Napier and Hastings 10 July to 02 September 2013
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4 Site Description
Site Name Napier Site ID AQGLH009
Address
1A Taradale Road
Marewa, Napier
Hawke’s Bay
Site Class Traffic Peak
Site Coordinates (NZTM) E1620318 N5428456
Description
The monitoring site was located on the corner at the intersection of Hyderabad Road
(SH2) and Taradale Road (SH50) in Marewa, Napier (Figure 1). The site was situated at
the edge of a council reserve along Hyderabad Road. The site is adjacent to residential
properties with light industry and commercial properties to the west. The local
topography is flat to the south with Hospital Hill to the north.
The equipment was owned and operated by Watercare. The site was commissioned 09
July 2013 and decommissioned 02 September 2013. Valid reported data started from
10 July 2013 (as defined below). The ambient air quality monitoring station location
was selected by Hawke’s Bay Regional Council.
Pollutants
(inlet height at 3m)
CO (11/07/13), NOx (12/07/13) SO2 (12/07/13),
and PM10 (11/07/13)
Weather Parameters
(mast height at 6m)
Wind, Ambient Temperature and Relative Humidity
(10/07/13)
Site Location
HBRC, Napier and Hastings 10 July to 02 September 2013
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Site Name Hastings Site ID AQGLH010
Address
531 Heretaunga Street West
Saint Leonards
Hastings
Site Class Traffic Peak
Site Coordinates (NZTM) E1622903 N5430322
Description
The monitoring site was located on the eastern corner of Heretaunga Street West and
Tomoana Road on the border of Saint Leonards and Hastings suburbs (Figure 1). The
site was situated at the road side corner of the car park. Heretaunga Street West is one
of the main arterial roads and the site is north of the CBD surrounded by light
commercial properties. The local topography is flat with multi-storey buildings.
The equipment was owned and operated by Watercare. The site was commissioned 09
July 2013 and decommissioned 02 September 2013. Valid reported data started from
10 July 2013 (as defined below). The ambient air quality monitoring station location
was selected by Hawke’s Bay Regional Council.
Pollutants
(inlet height at 3m)
CO (11/07/13), NOx (12/07/13) O3 (10/07/13),
and PM10 (11/07/13)
Weather Parameters
(mast height at 6m)
Wind, Ambient Temperature and Relative Humidity
(10/07/13)
Site Location
HBRC, Napier and Hastings 10 July to 02 September 2013
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Figure 1: Map of Napier and Hastings Air Quality Monitoring Sites
Napier
Hastings
HBRC, Napier and Hastings 10 July to 02 September 2013
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5 Methods
This section provides the methodology and processes used in the measurement of CO,
NO2, SO2, O3, PM10 and the meteorological parameters
5.1 Quality Assurance
All monitoring services undertaken by Watercare were in accordance with the MfE ‘Good
Practice Guide for Air Quality Monitoring and Data Management’ (GPG) 2009. Watercare
is accredited by International Accreditation New Zealand (IANZ) for the following relevant
methods:
AS 3580.7.1 – 2011: Determination of carbon monoxide – Direct-reading
instrumental method.
AS 3580.5.1 – 2011: Determination of oxides of nitrogen – Direct-reading
instrumental method.
AS 3580.4.1 – 2008: Determination of sulfur dioxide – Direct-reading
instrumental method.
AS/NZS 3580.9.11 – 2008: Determination of suspended particulate matter – PM10
beta attenuation monitors.
All pollutant results in this summary report have been validated and calculated to
standard temperature (0°C) and pressure (1atm). The instruments continuously measure
the parameters allowing data to be analysed and reported from 10-minute data points to
a variety of average periods, including 1-hour, 24-hour and one year. Watercare
provided the following monitoring services:
Instrument operation, calibration and maintenance:
This included monthly visits and the use of automatic alternate day calibration
systems for all continuous gas monitors. This ensured that the requirements of
the relevant Australian Standards for weekly calibration of continuous analysers
were met.
Data logging, daily polling, checking, validation, peer review and reporting:
This encompassed the entire data quality assurance process ensuring that the
final data set reported is correct and valid data capture is achieved. Data was
logged onsite and download at regular intervals during the day via a wireless
router to Watercare’s data management and reporting software. Subsequently,
the data is checked, validated and reported in line with the GPG.
5.2 Carbon Monoxide
Measurements were made in accordance with AS 3580.7.1 – 2011 using an Ecotech
model 9830B at Napier and an API model 300EM at Hastings. The instruments are
infrared absorption gas analysers which continuously measures carbon monoxide.
5.3 Nitrogen Oxides
Measurements were made in accordance with AS 3580.5.1 – 2011 using an API model
200E at both sites. The instruments are chemiluminescence gas analysers which
continuously measures nitrogen oxides.
HBRC, Napier and Hastings 10 July to 02 September 2013
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5.4 Sulfur Dioxide
Measurements were made in accordance with AS 3580.4.1 – 2008 using an API model
T100 at Napier. The instrument is an ultraviolet fluorescence gas analyser, which
continuously measures sulfur dioxide.
5.5 Ozone
Measurements were made in accordance with AS 3580.6.1 – 2011: Determination of
ozone – Direct-reading instrumental method using an API model 400E at Hastings. The
instrument is an ultraviolet photometric gas analyser, which continuously measures
ozone.
5.6 Particulate Matter
Measurements were made in accordance with AS/NZS 3580.9.11 – 2008 using a Thermo
model FH62-C14 at Napier and a Thermo model 5014i at Hastings. The instruments are
Beta Attenuation Monitors (BAM), which continuously measures particulate matter.
5.7 Meteorological Parameters
Measurements were made with reference to AS 3580.14 – 2011: Meteorological
monitoring for ambient air quality monitoring applications and Watercare’s quality
system. All parameters were measured using a Vaisala model WXT520.
HBRC, Napier and Hastings 10 July to 02 September 2013
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6 Results
This section provides the site performance and an overview of the results for CO, NO2, SO2,
O3, PM10 and the meteorological parameters.
6.1 Site Performance
The MfE GPG 2009 suggests that it is difficult to reach anything close to 100% valid data for
long-term monitoring. As such site performance has been evaluated against a target of
95%. The per cent of valid data is defined as the per cent of valid data following quality
assurance adjustments.
Valid data was excellent (greater than 95%) for almost all parameters monitored except for
O3 at Hastings. Table 3 shows overall site performance for the reporting period.
Table 3: Site Performance – 10 July to 02 September 2013
Site Parameter Averaging
Period
Valid Data
(%) Site Notes
Napier
CO 10 min 98 -
NO2 10 min 97 -
SO2 10 min 97 -
PM10 10 min 96 -
Met 10 min 100 -
Hastings
CO 10 min 98 -
NO2 10 min 98 -
O3 10 min 79
Sample flow was blocked – Data was
invalidated from 21/07/13 00:10 to
01/08/13 12:30 at the scheduled
site visit
PM10 10 min 99 -
Met 10 min 100 -
HBRC, Napier and Hastings 10 July to 02 September 2013
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6.2 Carbon Monoxide (CO)
Table 4 presents a statistical summary of validated CO 1-hour and 8-hour averages that
have been calculated from 10-minute averages. There were no exceedences of the air
quality standards or guidelines listed in Table 1. The results of CO measured from 11 July to
02 September 2013 are shown graphically in Figure 2 to Figure 7. The CO maximum 1-hour
average concentrations occurred on different days at the two sites. On average CO
concentrations at Hastings were twice as high as CO concentrations at Napier.
At Napier the 1-hour CO concentrations were predominantly from the west-northwest
(Figure 4) and CO concentrations were less than 5mg/m³. At Hastings the 1-hour CO
concentrations were predominantly from the southwest to west-southwest (Figure 5) and
CO concentrations were greater than 5mg/m³ from the west-southwest to west-northwest.
From the diurnal variation (Figure 6) the average CO concentrations were elevated in the
morning, likely due to traffic, and in the evening, likely due to domestic heating and calm
conditions. At Napier the morning peak was from 08:00 to 11:00 and the evening peak was
from 17:00 to 23:00. At Hasting the morning peak was from 07:00 to 10:00 and the higher
evening peak was from 18:00 to 02:00. The Hastings CO concentrations were higher than
Napier especially during morning and evening.
CO concentrations measured at Napier were in the excellent” to “good” EPI categories for
both 1-hour and 8-hour averages (Figure 7). CO concentrations measured at Hastings were
in the “excellent” to “acceptable” EPI categories for 1-hour averages and “excellent” to
“alert” EPI categories for 8-hour averages.
Table 4: CO Statistics and Exceedences – 11 July to 02 September 2013
CO
(mg/m3)
Napier Hastings
CO 1-hour
average
CO 8-hour rolling
average
CO 1-hour
average
CO 8-hour rolling
average
Maximum 3.6
(18/07/13 02:00)
2.0
(19/07/13 22:00)
10.1
(16/07/13 22:00)
7.1
(17/07/13 01:00)
Average 0.5 0.5 1.0 1.0
Minimum 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1
Exceedences
NES Not Applicable Nil Not Applicable Nil
AAQG Nil Nil Nil Nil
HBRC, Napier and Hastings 10 July to 02 September 2013
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0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
11-Jul 21-Jul 31-Jul 10-Aug 20-Aug 30-Aug
CO
Concentr
ation (
mg/m
3)
Date
Napier Hastings
HBRC, Napier and Hastings
CO – 1-hour Averages
11 July to 02 September 2013
Figure 2: HBRC, Napier and Hastings: CO (1-hour averages)
HBRC, Napier and Hastings 10 July to 02 September 2013
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0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
11-Jul 21-Jul 31-Jul 10-Aug 20-Aug 30-Aug
CO
Concentr
ation (
mg/m
3)
Date
Napier Hastings
HBRC, Napier and Hastings
CO – 8-hour Rolling Averages
11 July to 02 September 2013
Figure 3: HBRC, Napier and Hastings: CO (8-hour rolling averages)
NES = 10mg/m3
HBRC, Napier and Hastings 10 July to 02 September 2013
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HBRC, Napier
CO Pollution Rose – 1-hour Averages
11 July to 02 September 2013
Figure 4: HBRC, Napier: CO Pollution Rose (1-hour averages)
HBRC, Napier and Hastings 10 July to 02 September 2013
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HBRC, Hastings
CO Pollution Rose – 1-hour Averages
11 July to 02 September 2013
Figure 5: HBRC, Hastings: CO Pollution Rose (1-hour averages)
HBRC, Napier and Hastings 10 July to 02 September 2013
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0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
CO
Concentr
ation (
mg/m
3)
Time
Napier Hastings
HBRC, Napier and Hastings
CO Diurnal Variation –1-hour Averages
11 July to 02 September 2013
Figure 6: HBRC, Napier and Hastings: CO Diurnal Variation (1-hour averages)
HBRC, Napier and Hastings 10 July to 02 September 2013
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Napier 1hr Napier 8hr Hastings 1hr Hastings 8hr
Site
Action 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
Alert 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.2%
Acceptable 0.0% 0.0% 0.1% 1.6%
Good 0.4% 13.2% 6.2% 37.2%
Excellent 99.6% 86.8% 93.7% 61.0%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Dis
trib
ution (
%)
HBRC, Napier and Hastings
CO Distribution of EPI Categories
11 July to 02 September 2013
Figure 7: HBRC, Napier and Hastings: CO Comparison of EPI Categories (1-hour and 8-hour averages)
HBRC, Napier and Hastings 10 July to 02 September 2013
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6.3 Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)
Table 5 presents a statistical summary of validated NO2 1-hour and 24-hour averages that
have been calculated from 10-minute averages. There were no exceedences of the air
quality standards or guidelines listed in Table 1. The results of NO2 measured from 12 July
to 02 September 2013 are shown graphically in Figure 8 to Figure 14. The NO2 maximum 1-
hour average concentrations occurred on different days at the two sites (Table 5). On
average NO2 concentrations were higher at Hastings at than at Napier.
At Napier the 1-hour NO2 concentrations were predominantly from the west-northwest
(Figure 11) and NO2 concentrations were greater than 50µg/m³ from the east-northeast to
east. At Hastings the 1-hour NO2 concentrations were predominantly from the southwest to
west-southwest (Figure 12) and NO2 concentrations were greater than 40µg/m³ from all
directions.
From the diurnal variation (Figure 13) the average NO2 concentrations were elevated in the
morning and were elevated higher in the evening, likely due to traffic and calm conditions.
At Napier the morning peak was from 09:00 to 11:00 and the evening peak was from 16:00
to 19:00. At Hasting the morning peak was from 08:00 to 10:00 and the evening peak was
prolonged from 17:00 to 22:00. The Hastings NO2 concentrations were higher than Napier
especially during the evening.
NO2 concentrations measured at Napier were in the “excellent” to “good” EPI categories for
both 1-hour and 24-hour averages (Figure 14). NO2 concentrations measured at Hastings
were in the “excellent” to “acceptable” EPI categories for both 1-hour and 24-hour
averages.
Table 5: NO2 Statistics and Exceedences – 12 July to 02 September 2013
NO2 (µg/m3)
Napier Hastings
NO2 1-hour
average
NO2 24-hour
average
NO2 1-hour
average
NO2 24-hour
average
Maximum 53.8
(19/07/13 10:00)
28.1
(18/07/13)
79.7
(25/07/13 18:00)
34.2
(15/08/13)
Average 16.6 16.4 21.6 21.6
Minimum 0.1 7.8 0.2 7.2
Exceedences
NES Nil Not Applicable Nil Not Applicable
AAQG Nil Nil Nil Nil
HBRC, Napier and Hastings 10 July to 02 September 2013
Watercare Services Ltd Page 19 of 60
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
12-Jul 22-Jul 01-Aug 11-Aug 21-Aug 31-Aug
NO
2Concentr
ation (
µg/m
3)
Date
Napier Hastings
HBRC, Napier and Hastings
NO2 – 1-hour Averages
12 July to 02 September 2013
Figure 8: HBRC, Napier and Hastings: NO2 (1-hour averages)
HBRC, Napier and Hastings 10 July to 02 September 2013
Watercare Services Ltd Page 20 of 60
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
12-Jul 22-Jul 01-Aug 11-Aug 21-Aug 31-Aug
NO
xas N
O2
Concentr
ation (
µg/m
3)
Date
Napier Hastings
HBRC, Napier and Hastings
NOx as NO2 – 1-hour Averages
12 July to 02 September 2013
Figure 9: HBRC, Napier and Hastings: NOx as NO2 (1-hour averages)
HBRC, Napier and Hastings 10 July to 02 September 2013
Watercare Services Ltd Page 21 of 60
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
12-Jul 22-Jul 01-Aug 11-Aug 21-Aug 31-Aug
NO
2Concentr
ation (
µg/m
3)
Date
Napier Hastings
HBRC, Napier and Hastings
NO2 – 24-hour Averages
12 July to 02 September 2013
Figure 10: HBRC, Napier and Hastings: NO2 (24-hour averages)
HBRC, Napier and Hastings 10 July to 02 September 2013
Watercare Services Ltd Page 22 of 60
HBRC, Napier
NO2 Pollution Rose – 1-hour Averages
12 July to 02 September 2013
Figure 11: HBRC, Napier: NO2 Pollution Rose (1-hour averages)
HBRC, Napier and Hastings 10 July to 02 September 2013
Watercare Services Ltd Page 23 of 60
HBRC, Hastings
NO2 Pollution Rose – 1-hour Averages
12 July to 02 September 2013
Figure 12: HBRC, Hastings: NO2 Pollution Rose (1-hour averages)
HBRC, Napier and Hastings 10 July to 02 September 2013
Watercare Services Ltd Page 24 of 60
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
NO
2Concentr
ation (
µg/m
3)
Date
Napier Hastings
HBRC, Napier and Hastings
NO2 Diurnal Variation –1-hour Averages
12 July to 02 September 2013
Figure 13: HBRC, Napier and Hastings: NO2 Diurnal Variation (1-hour averages)
HBRC, Napier and Hastings 10 July to 02 September 2013
Watercare Services Ltd Page 25 of 60
Napier 1hr Napier 24hr Hastings 1hr Hastings 24hr
Site
Action 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
Alert 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
Acceptable 0.0% 0.0% 0.2% 2.0%
Good 31.6% 94.1% 47.4% 94.1%
Excellent 68.4% 5.9% 52.3% 3.9%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Dis
trib
ution (
%)
HBRC, Napier and Hastings
NO2 Distribution of EPI Categories
12 July to 02 September 2013
Figure 14: HBRC, Napier and Hastings: NO2 Comparison of EPI Categories (1-hour and 24-hour averages)
HBRC, Napier and Hastings 10 July to 02 September 2013
Watercare Services Ltd Page 26 of 60
6.4 Sulfur Dioxide (SO2)
Table 6 presents a statistical summary of validated SO2 1-hour and 24-hour averages that
have been calculated from 10-minute averages. There were no exceedences of the air
quality standards or guidelines listed in Table 1. The results of SO2 measured from 12 July
to 02 September 2013 are shown graphically in Figure 15 to Figure 19. The SO2 maximum
1-hour average concentrations of 14.9µg/m3 occurred on 19 July 2013 at 19:00 (Table 6).
At Napier the 1-hour SO2 concentrations were predominantly from the west-northwest
(Figure 17) and SO2 concentrations were less than 15µg/m³.
From the diurnal variation (Figure 18) the average SO2 concentrations were elevated in the
morning and were elevated higher in the evening, likely due to traffic and calm conditions.
At Napier the morning peak was from 08:00 to 11:00 and the evening peak was from 16:00
to 20:00.
SO2 concentrations measured at Napier were low and in the “excellent” EPI category for
both 1-hour and 24-hour averages (Figure 19).
Table 6: SO2 Statistics and Exceedences – 12 July to 02 September 2013
SO2 (µg/m3) Napier
SO2 1-hour average SO2 24-hour average
Maximum 14.9 (19/07/13 19:00) 4.9 (19/07/13)
Average 2.5 2.5
Minimum 0.0 0.5
Exceedences
NES Nil Not Applicable
AAQG Nil Nil
HBRC, Napier and Hastings 10 July to 02 September 2013
Watercare Services Ltd Page 27 of 60
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
12-Jul 22-Jul 01-Aug 11-Aug 21-Aug 31-Aug
SO
2Concentr
ation (
µg/m
3)
Date
Napier
HBRC, Napier
SO2 – 1-hour Averages
12 July to 02 September 2013
Figure 15: HBRC, Napier: SO2 (1-hour averages)
HBRC, Napier and Hastings 10 July to 02 September 2013
Watercare Services Ltd Page 28 of 60
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
12/07/2013 22/07/2013 01/08/2013 11/08/2013 21/08/2013 31/08/2013
SO
2Concentr
ation (
µg/m
3)
Date
Napier
HBRC, Napier
SO2 – 24-hour Averages
12 July to 02 September 2013
Figure 16: HBRC, Napier: SO2 (24-hour averages)
HBRC, Napier and Hastings 10 July to 02 September 2013
Watercare Services Ltd Page 29 of 60
HBRC, Napier
SO2 Pollution Rose – 1-hour Averages
12 July to 02 September 2013
Figure 17: HBRC, Napier: SO2 Pollution Rose (1-hour averages)
HBRC, Napier and Hastings 10 July to 02 September 2013
Watercare Services Ltd Page 30 of 60
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
SO
2Concentr
ation (
µg/m
3)
Date
Napier
HBRC, Napier
SO2 Diurnal Variation –1-hour Averages
12 July to 02 September 2013
Figure 18: HBRC, Napier: SO2 Diurnal Variation (1-hour averages)
HBRC, Napier and Hastings 10 July to 02 September 2013
Watercare Services Ltd Page 31 of 60
Napier 1hr Napier 24hr
Site
Action 0% 0%
Alert 0% 0%
Acceptable 0% 0%
Good 0% 0%
Excellent 100% 100%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Dis
trib
ution (
%)
HBRC, Napier
SO2 Distribution of EPI Categories
12 July to 02 September 2013
Figure 19: HBRC, Napier: SO2 Comparison of EPI Categories (1-hour and 24-hour averages)
HBRC, Napier and Hastings 10 July to 02 September 2013
Watercare Services Ltd Page 32 of 60
6.5 Ozone (O3)
Table 7 presents a statistical summary of validated O3 1-hour and 8-hour averages that
have been calculated from 10-minute averages. There were no exceedences of the air
quality standards or guidelines listed in Table 1. The results of O3 measured from 10 July to
02 September 2013 are shown graphically in Figure 20 to Figure 24. The O3 maximum 1-
hour average concentrations of 78.4µg/m3 occurred on 04 August 2013 at 07:00 (Table 7).
At Hastings the 1-hour O3 concentrations were predominantly from the southwest to west-
southwest (Figure 22) and O3 concentrations were greater than 60µg/m³ from all directions.
From the diurnal variation (Figure 23) the average O3 concentrations began to elevate in the
morning and decrease with the sunset around 17:30. At Hastings the late morning to
afternoon peak was from 10:00 to 18:00, likely due to the morning traffic related
compounds and calm conditions.
O3 concentrations measured at Hastings were in the “excellent” to “acceptable” EPI
categories for 1-hour averages and “excellent” to “alert” EPI categories for 8-hour averages
(Figure 24).
Table 7: O3 Statistics and Exceedences – 10 July to 02 September 2013
O3
(µg/m3)
Hastings
O3 1-hour average O3 8-hour rolling average
Maximum 78.4
(04/08/13 07:00)
73.8
(15/07/13 05:00)
Average 40.4 40.3
Minimum 2.9 4.8
Exceedences
NES Not Applicable Nil
AAQG Nil Nil
HBRC, Napier and Hastings 10 July to 02 September 2013
Watercare Services Ltd Page 33 of 60
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
10-Jul 20-Jul 30-Jul 09-Aug 19-Aug 29-Aug
O3
Concentr
ation (
µg/m
3)
Date
Hastings
HBRC, Hastings
O3 – 1-hour Averages
10 July to 02 September 2013
Figure 20: HBRC, Hastings: O3 (1-hour averages)
HBRC, Napier and Hastings 10 July to 02 September 2013
Watercare Services Ltd Page 34 of 60
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
10-Jul 20-Jul 30-Jul 09-Aug 19-Aug 29-Aug
O3
Concentr
ation (
µg/m
3)
Date
Hastings
HBRC, Hastings
O3 – 8-hour Rolling Averages
10 July to 02 September 2013
Figure 21: HBRC, Hastings: O3 (8-hour rolling averages)
AAQG = 100µg/m3
HBRC, Napier and Hastings 10 July to 02 September 2013
Watercare Services Ltd Page 35 of 60
HBRC, Napier and Hastings
O3 Pollution Rose – 1-hour Averages
10 July to 02 September 2013
Figure 22: HBRC, Napier and Hastings: O3 Pollution Rose (1-hour averages)
HBRC, Napier and Hastings 10 July to 02 September 2013
Watercare Services Ltd Page 36 of 60
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
O3
Concentr
ation (
µg/m
3)
Time
Hastings
HBRC, Hastings
O3 Diurnal Variation –1-hour Averages
10 July to 02 September 2013
Figure 23: HBRC, Hastings: O3 Diurnal Variation (1-hour averages)
HBRC, Napier and Hastings 10 July to 02 September 2013
Watercare Services Ltd Page 37 of 60
Hastings 1hr Hastings 8hr
Site
Action 0.0% 0.0%
Alert 0.0% 7.1%
Acceptable 37.5% 59.9%
Good 46.9% 27.5%
Excellent 15.6% 5.5%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Dis
trib
ution (
%)
HBRC, Hastings
O3 Distribution of EPI Categories
10 July to 02 September 2013
Figure 24: HBRC, Hastings: O3 Comparison of EPI Categories (1-hour and 8-hour averages)
HBRC, Napier and Hastings 10 July to 02 September 2013
Watercare Services Ltd Page 38 of 60
6.6 Particulate Matter as PM10
Table 8 presents a statistical summary of validated PM10 24-hour averages that have been
calculated from 10-minute averages. There were six exceedences of the ambient air quality
standards and guidelines listed in Table 1 at Hastings. The results of PM10 measured from 11
July to 02 September 2013 are shown graphically in Figure 25 to Figure 31. The PM10
maximum 24-hour average concentrations occurred on different days at the two sites. On
average PM10 concentrations were higher at Hastings than at Napier. At Hastings the PM10
concentrations were below 62µg/m3 for 95 per cent of the monitoring period while Napier
was below 33µg/m3.
At Napier the 1-hour PM10 concentrations were predominantly from the west-northwest
(Figure 27) and PM10 concentrations were greater than 100µg/m³ from the east and west-
northwest. At Hastings the 1-hour PM10 concentrations were predominantly from the
southwest to west-southwest (Figure 28) and PM10 concentrations were greater than
100µg/m³ from the east-northeast, east-southeast, west-southwest to west-northwest and
north-northwest.
From the diurnal variation (Figure 29) the average PM10 concentrations were elevated in the
morning, likely due to traffic, and in the evening, likely due to domestic heating and calm
conditions. At Napier the morning peak was from 10:00 to 11:00 and the evening peak was
from 17:00 to 22:00. At Hasting the morning peak was from 08:00 to 10:00 and the
evening peak was higher and prolonged from 19:00 to 02:00. The Hastings PM10
concentrations were higher than Napier from 19:00 to 09:00.
PM10 concentrations measured at Napier were in the “good” to “alert” EPI categories for 24-
hour averages (Figure 30). PM10 concentrations measured at Hastings were in the “good” to
“action” EPI categories for 24-hour averages.
Table 8: PM10 Statistics and Exceedences – 11 July to 02 September 2013
PM10 (µg/m3) Napier Hastings
PM10 24-hour average PM10 24-hour average
Maximum 39 (01/08/13) 78 (18/07/13)
95 percentile 33 62
Average 20 28
Minimum 7 7
Exceedences
NES Nil 6
AAQG Nil 6
The six PM10 exceedences listed in Table 9 shows that there were three exceedences on
three consecutive days. The exceedences occurred on different days of the week and five
out of six occurred during July. The 10-minute calm conditions (winds less than 0.5m/s)
greater than 25% for every day .The daily pattern of these exceedences (Figure 31) shows
that the elevated PM10 concentrations occurred in the evenings from 19:00.
HBRC, Napier and Hastings 10 July to 02 September 2013
Watercare Services Ltd Page 39 of 60
Table 9: PM10 Exceedences Summary – 11 July to 02 September 2013
Date Day PM10 (µg/m³) Calm (%)1
16/07/2013 Monday 64 25.0
17/07/2013 Tuesday 74 45.8
18/07/2013 Wednesday 78 47.9
24/07/2013 Tuesday 56 31.9
27/07/2013 Friday 61 27.1
01/08/2013 Sunday 51 33.3
1Based on 10-minute time-based
HBRC, Napier and Hastings 10 July to 02 September 2013
Watercare Services Ltd Page 40 of 60
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
11-Jul 21-Jul 31-Jul 10-Aug 20-Aug 30-Aug
PM
10
Concentr
ation (
µg/m
3)
Date
Napier Hastings
HBRC, Napier and Hastings
PM10 – 1-hour Averages
11 July to 02 September 2013
Figure 25: HBRC, Napier and Hastings: PM10 (1-hour averages)
HBRC, Napier and Hastings 10 July to 02 September 2013
Watercare Services Ltd Page 41 of 60
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
11-Jul 21-Jul 31-Jul 10-Aug 20-Aug 30-Aug
PM
10
Concentr
ation (
µg/m
3)
Date
Napier Hastings
HBRC, Napier and Hastings
PM10 – 24-hour Averages
11 July to 02 September 2013
Figure 26: HBRC, Napier and Hastings: PM10 (24-hour averages)
NES = 50µg/m3
HBRC, Napier and Hastings 10 July to 02 September 2013
Watercare Services Ltd Page 42 of 60
HBRC, Napier
PM10 Pollution Rose – 1-hour Averages
11 July to 02 September 2013
Figure 27: HBRC, Napier: PM10 Pollution Rose (1-hour averages)
HBRC, Napier and Hastings 10 July to 02 September 2013
Watercare Services Ltd Page 43 of 60
HBRC, Hastings
PM10 Pollution Rose – 1-hour Averages
11 July to 02 September 2013
Figure 28: HBRC, Hastings: PM10 Pollution Rose (1-hour averages)
HBRC, Napier and Hastings 10 July to 02 September 2013
Watercare Services Ltd Page 44 of 60
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
PM
10
Concentr
ation (
µg/m
3)
Date
Napier Hastings
HBRC, Napier and Hastings
PM10 Diurnal Variation – 1-hour Averages
11 July to 02 September 2013
Figure 29: HBRC, Napier and Hastings: PM10 Diurnal Variation (1-hour averages)
HBRC, Napier and Hastings 10 July to 02 September 2013
Watercare Services Ltd Page 45 of 60
Napier 24hr Hastings 24hr
Site
Action 0.0% 11.1%
Alert 3.9% 20.4%
Acceptable 54.9% 37.0%
Good 41.2% 31.5%
Excellent 0.0% 0.0%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Dis
trib
ution (
%)
HBRC, Napier and Hastings
PM10 Distribution of EPI Categories
11 July to 02 September 2013
Figure 30: HBRC, Napier and Hastings: PM10 Comparison of EPI Categories (1-hour and 24-hour averages)
HBRC, Napier and Hastings 10 July to 02 September 2013
Watercare Services Ltd Page 46 of 60
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
PM
10
Concentr
ation (
µg/m
3)
Date
16/07/2013
17/07/2013
18/07/2013
24/07/2013
27/07/2013
01/08/2013
HBRC, Napier and Hastings
PM10 Exceedence Diurnal Variation – 1-hour Averages
11 July to 02 September 2013
Figure 31: HBRC, Napier and Hastings: PM10 Diurnal Variation (1-hour averages)
HBRC, Napier and Hastings 10 July to 02 September 2013
Watercare Services Ltd Page 47 of 60
6.7 Meteorological Parameters
6.7.1 Ambient Temperature and Relative Humidity
The ambient temperature (Table 10) on a daily basis had an average of 10.6°C at Napier
and 9.9°C at Hastings. The daily ambient temperature ranged from 1.7 to 19.9°C at Napier
and -0.4 to 20.8°C at Hastings. These are graphical displayed in Figure 32 to Figure 34 with
July temperatures lower than August.
From the diurnal variation (Figure 34) the average ambient temperatures were elevated
from 10:00 to 18:00. The Napier ambient temperatures were higher than Hastings
especially during the morning and evening.
Daily relative humidity (Table 11) was the highest on the 04 August 2013 and the lowest on
14 August 2013 at both sites. The Hastings relative humidity levels were higher than
Napier. The 1-hour relative humidity graphs are displayed in Figure 35.
Table 10: Ambient Temperature Statistics – 10 July to 02 September 2013
Ambient
Temperature
(°C)
Napier Hastings
1-hour average 24-hour average 1-hour average 24-hour average
Maximum 19.9
(08/08/13 15:00)
14.8
(08/08/13)
20.8
(08/08/13 15:00)
13.5
(07/08/13)
Average 10.6 10.6 9.9 9.9
Minimum 1.7
(17/07/13 05:00)
6.2
(15/07/13)
-0.4
(17/07/13 07:00)
5.6
(15/07/13)
Table 11: Relative Humidity Statistics – 10 July to 02 September 2013
Relative
Humidity (%)
Napier Hastings
1-hour average 24-hour average 1-hour average 24-hour average
Maximum 92.6
(23/07/13 06:00)
90.9
(04/08/13)
93.4
(23/07/13 08:00)
90.2
(04/08/13)
Average 74.6 74.5 75.4 75.3
Minimum 36.6
(14/08/13 13:00)
51.2
(14/08/13)
31.2
(24/08/13 14:00)
51.4
(14/08/13)
HBRC, Napier and Hastings 10 July to 02 September 2013
Watercare Services Ltd Page 48 of 60
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
10-Jul 20-Jul 30-Jul 09-Aug 19-Aug 29-Aug
Am
bie
nt
Tem
pera
ture
(°C)
Date
Napier Hastings
HBRC, Napier and Hastings
Temperature (1-hour average)
10 July to 02 September 2013
Figure 32: HBRC, Napier and Hastings: Ambient Temperature (1-hour averages)
HBRC, Napier and Hastings 10 July to 02 September 2013
Watercare Services Ltd Page 49 of 60
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
10-Jul 20-Jul 30-Jul 09-Aug 19-Aug 29-Aug
Am
bie
nt
tem
pera
ture
(°C)
Date
Napier Hastings
HBRC, Napier and Hastings
Ambient Temperature (24-hour average)
10 July to 02 September 2013
Figure 33: HBRC, Napier and Hastings: Ambient Temperature (24-hour averages)
HBRC, Napier and Hastings 10 July to 02 September 2013
Watercare Services Ltd Page 50 of 60
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Am
bie
nt
Tem
pera
ture
(°C)
Date
Napier Hastings
HBRC, Napier and Hastings
Ambient Temperature Diurnal Variation – 1-hour Averages
10 July to 02 September 2013
Figure 34: HBRC, Napier and Hastings: Ambient Temperature Diurnal Variation (1-hour averages)
HBRC, Napier and Hastings 10 July to 02 September 2013
Watercare Services Ltd Page 51 of 60
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
10-Jul 20-Jul 30-Jul 09-Aug 19-Aug 29-Aug
Rela
tive H
um
idity (
%)
Date
Napier Hastings
HBRC, Napier and Hastings
Relative Humidity (1-hour average)
10 July to 02 September 2013
Figure 35: HBRC, Napier and Hastings: Relative Humidity (1-hour averages)
HBRC, Napier and Hastings 10 July to 02 September 2013
Watercare Services Ltd Page 52 of 60
6.7.2 Wind Speed and Direction
The average wind speed (Table 12) was 1.6m/s at Napier and 1.5m/s at Hastings. The
strongest hourly wind was 7.3m/s at Napier and 5.4m/s at Hastings. The wind was
higher in August 2013 than in July 2013. The wind graphs are displayed in Figure 36 to
Figure 39.
From the diurnal variation (Figure 40) the average wind speeds peaked in the afternoon.
At Napier the peak was from 10:00 to 17:00 and at Hasting the peak was from 11:00 to
18:00. The Napier wind speeds were higher than Hastings from 05:00 to 15:00 and from
19:00 to 03:00.
Table 12 presents a wind speed and wind direction summary during the monitoring
period. Winds predominantly came from the west-northwest at Napier and from the
southwest to west-southwest at Hastings. Calm phases (winds less than 0.5 m/s)
occurred for 12.0% of the monitoring period at Napier and 10.0% at Hastings.
Table 12: Wind Statistics – 10 July to 02 September 2013
Wind
Average
Wind Speed
(m/s)
Maximum
Speed Wind
(m/s)
Main Wind
Direction(s) Calm (%)
Napier 1.6 7.3
(11/07/13 02:00) WNW 12.0
Hastings 1.5 5.4
(21/08/13 17:00) SW-WSW 10.0
HBRC, Napier and Hastings 10 July to 02 September 2013
Watercare Services Ltd Page 53 of 60
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
10-Jul 20-Jul 30-Jul 09-Aug 19-Aug 29-Aug
Win
d S
peed (
m/s
)
Date
Napier Hastings
HBRC, Napier and Hastings
Wind Speed 1-hour average
10 July to 02 September 2013
Figure 36: HBRC, Napier and Hastings: Wind Speed (1-hour averages)
HBRC, Napier and Hastings 10 July to 02 September 2013
Watercare Services Ltd Page 54 of 60
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
10-Jul 20-Jul 30-Jul 09-Aug 19-Aug 29-Aug
Win
d D
irection (
°)
Date
Napier Hastings
HBRC, Napier and Hastings
Wind Speed 1-hour average
10 July to 02 September 2013
Figure 37: HBRC, Napier and Hastings: Wind Direction (1-hour averages)
HBRC, Napier and Hastings 10 July to 02 September 2013
Watercare Services Ltd Page 55 of 60
HBRC, Napier
Wind Rose 1-hour average
10 July to 02 September 2013
Figure 38: HBRC, Napier and Hastings: Wind Rose (1-hour averages)
HBRC, Napier and Hastings 10 July to 02 September 2013
Watercare Services Ltd Page 56 of 60
HBRC, Hastings
Wind Rose 1-hour average
10 July to 02 September 2013
Figure 39: HBRC, Hastings: Wind Rose (1-hour averages)
HBRC, Napier and Hastings 10 July to 02 September 2013
Watercare Services Ltd Page 57 of 60
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Win
d S
peed (
m/s
)
Date
Napier Hastings
HBRC, Napier and Hastings
Wind Speed Diurnal Variation – 1-hour Averages
10 July to 02 September 2013
Figure 40: HBRC, Napier and Hastings: Wind Speed Diurnal Variation (1-hour averages)
HBRC, Napier and Hastings 10 July to 02 September 2013
Watercare Services Ltd Page 58 of 60
7 Instrument History
Napier
Instrument Date Unit ID Make and Model Planned Maintenance Service Information Technician
Gas Analyser – Carbon Monoxide
11/07/2013 10028477 Ecotech 9830B Six-Monthly Maintenance Commissioned Manoj Sharma
01/08/2013 10028477 Ecotech 9830B Monthly Maintenance Recalibration Jonathan Harland
02/09/2013 10028477 Ecotech 9830B Monthly Maintenance Decommissioned Manoj Sharma
Gas Analyser – Nitrogen Oxides
12/07/2013 10028345 API 200E Six-Monthly Maintenance Commissioned Manoj Sharma
01/08/2013 10028345 API 200E Monthly Maintenance Recalibration Jonathan Harland
02/09/2013 10028345 API 200E Monthly Maintenance Decommissioned Manoj Sharma
Gas Analyser – Sulfur Dioxide
12/07/2013 10072198 API T100 Six-Monthly Maintenance Commissioned Manoj Sharma
01/08/2013 10072198 API T100 Monthly Maintenance Recalibration Jonathan Harland
02/09/2013 10072198 API T100 Monthly Maintenance Decommissioned Manoj Sharma
Particulate Monitor – BAM
11/07/2013 10028318 Thermo FH62C14 Six-Monthly Maintenance Commissioned Manoj Sharma
01/08/2013 10028318 Thermo FH62C14 Monthly Maintenance Recalibration Jonathan Harland
02/09/2013 10028318 Thermo FH62C14 Monthly Maintenance Decommissioned Manoj Sharma
Meteorological Sensor
09/07/2013 10028381 WTX520 Six-Monthly Maintenance Commissioned Joao Pinheiro
02/09/2013 10028381 WTX520 Monthly Maintenance Decommissioned Manoj Sharma
Air Quality Location
09/07/2013 H009 HBRC Annual Maintenance Commissioned Manoj Sharma
02/09/2013 H009 HBRC Monthly Maintenance Decommissioned Manoj Sharma
HBRC, Napier and Hastings 10 July to 02 September 2013
Watercare Services Ltd Page 59 of 60
Hastings
Instrument Date Unit ID Make and Model Planned Maintenance Service Information Technician
Gas Analyser – Carbon Monoxide
11/07/2013 10028349 API 300EM Six-Monthly Maintenance Commissioned Manoj Sharma
01/08/2013 10028349 API 300EM Monthly Maintenance Recalibration Jonathan Harland
02/09/2013 10028349 API 300EM Monthly Maintenance Decommissioned Manoj Sharma
Gas Analyser – Nitrogen Oxides
12/07/2013 10028472 API 200E Six-Monthly Maintenance Commissioned Manoj Sharma
01/08/2013 10028472 API 200E Monthly Maintenance Recalibration Jonathan Harland
16/08/2013 10028472 API 200E Call out Recalibration Bhupesh Kaushal
02/09/2013 10028472 API 200E Monthly Maintenance Decommissioned Manoj Sharma
Gas Analyser – Ozone
12/07/2013 10028393 API 400E Six-Monthly Maintenance Commissioned Manoj Sharma
01/08/2013 10028393 API 400E Monthly Maintenance Recalibration Jonathan Harland
02/09/2013 10028393 API 400E Monthly Maintenance Decommissioned Manoj Sharma
Particulate Monitor – BAM
11/07/2013 30000807 Thermo 5014i Six-Monthly Maintenance Commissioned Manoj Sharma
01/08/2013 30000807 Thermo 5014i Monthly Maintenance Recalibration Jonathan Harland
02/09/2013 30000807 Thermo 5014i Monthly Maintenance Decommissioned Manoj Sharma
Meteorological Sensor
09/07/2013 10028382 WTX520 Six-Monthly Maintenance Commissioned Joao Pinheiro
02/09/2013 10028382 WTX520 Monthly Maintenance Decommissioned Manoj Sharma
Air Quality Location
09/07/2013 H010 HBRC Annual Maintenance Commissioned Manoj Sharma
02/09/2013 H010 HBRC Monthly Maintenance Decommissioned Manoj Sharma
HBRC, Napier and Hastings 10 July to 02 September 2013
Watercare Services Ltd Page 60 of 60
8 References
New Zealand Ministry for the Environment (2009). Good-practice Guide for Air Quality
Monitoring and Data Management. MfE, Wellington, New Zealand.
New Zealand Ministry for the Environment (2009). Ambient Air Quality Guidelines. MfE,
Wellington, New Zealand.
New Zealand Government (2011). Resource management (National Environmental
Standards for air quality) amendment regulations 2011. Wellington, New Zealand.
Standards Australia (2008). AS 3580.4.1 – 2008. Determination of sulfur dioxide – Direct-
reading instrumental method. Standards Australia, Sydney, Australia.
Standards Australia (2011). AS 3580.5.1 – 2011. Determination of oxides of nitrogen –
Direct-reading instrumental method. Standards Australia, Sydney, Australia.
Standards Australia (2011). AS 3580.6.1 – 2011. Determination of ozone—Direct-reading
instrumental method. Standards Australia, Sydney, Australia.
Standards Australia (2011). AS 3580.7.1 – 2011. Determination of carbon monoxide –
Direct reading instrumental method. Standards Australia, Sydney, Australia.
Standards Australian/New Zealand (2008). AS/NZS 3580.9.11 – 2008. Determination of
suspended particulate matter – PM10 beta attenuation monitors. Standards Australia,
Sydney, Australia.
Standards Australia (2011). AS 3580.14–2011 Meteorological monitoring for ambient air
quality monitoring applications. Standards Australia, Sydney, Australia.