harvard basics referencing guide. referencing is an acknowledgement of the sources of the...

Harvard

Basics Referencing Guide

Referencing is an acknowledgement of the sources of the information, ideas, thoughts and data which you have used in your work.

Referencing requires in two places:• In-text citation • in the bibliography or list of references at the end of your

work

What is Referencing?

DEFINITION

Receiving credit for your own hard work and research

Demonstrating your intellectual integrity by conforming to agreed academic standards of good practice

Contextualizing your work to show how it relates to current research and debates

Directing your reader to sources of information and enabling them to 'pick up the thread'

BENEFITS

WARMING UP

IN-TEXT CITATION REFERENCE LIST CITATION

Phillips (2006) describes a new ...Putting before the sentence

Fowkes, B. (1995) The rise and fall of communism in Eastern Europe. 2nd ed. Basingstoke: Macmillan.

….(Wood 2004, p126)Putting at the end of sentence

In a recent report (Phillips 2006) the ...

Putting at the beginning of sentence

IN-TEXT CITATION & REFERENCE LIST CITATION

PART 1 : IN -TEXT CITATION

NUMBER OF AUTHOR IN-TEXT CITATION

1 author Phillips (2006) describes ... / In a recent report (Phillips 2006) the ...2 or 3

authors(Daly, Speedy and Jackson 2006) / Daly, Speedy and Jackson (2006) discuss the

...More than 3

authors (Russell et al. 2005) or Russell et al. (2005) give a description of ...

Editors (Crouch, Jackson and Thompson 2005) OR Crouch, Jackson and Thompson (2005) provide evidence that ...

Corporate authors (organizations, companies and

institutions)

(British Airways 2003) OR In the report by British Airways (2003) it can be seen that ...

Citing more than one source by the same

author(s)

(Nielsen 1993a) describes …(Nielsen 1993b) shows how …

In references listNIELSEN, Jakob (1993a). Hypertext and hypermedia. London, Academic Press.

NIELSEN, Jakob (1993b). Usability engineering. London, Academic Press.

How To Do?


NUMBER OF AUTHOR IN-TEXT CITATION

If cannot identify the author

(Dictionary of biology 2004) OR In the Dictionary of biology (2004) ...

If cannot identify the year

(Collins no date) OR Collins (no date) describes ...

If has page numbers (Wood 2004, p126) OR Wood (2004, p126)

If from e-book sources with no page number

(Austen 1994, ch2) OR Austen (1994, ch2)

How To Do?


EXAMPLE:PAPER


Norris (2002, p.340) explained that the reigns are selected because they appear to represent three significant stages in an uneven but visible evolution from 16th-century communication practices toward recognizably modern ones.

The reigns are selected because they appear to represent three significant stages in an uneven but visible evolution from 16th-century communication practices toward recognizably modern ones (Norris 2002, p.340).

STYLE 1

STYLE 2

EXAMPLES

Wood, J.T. (2012) Communication in our lives. 6th ed. California : Wadsworth.

PART 2 : REFERENCING GUIDE

BOOK

Author(s), Initials. (Year) Title of book. Edition (only include this if not the first edition). Place of publication : Publisher.

Italic

REFERENCING


JOURNAL ARTICLE

Author(s), Initials. (Year) ‘Title of article’, Name of journal, Volume number (Issue/Part number), page numbers.

Murdock, G. (2010) ‘Shifting anxieties, altered media: risk communication in networked times’, Catalan Journal of Communication & Cultural Studies, 2(2), pp. 156-176.

REFERENCING


ONLINE JOURNAL ARTICLE

Author(s), Initials., (Year) ‘Title of article’, Name of Journal, Volume number (Issue/Part number), page numbers, Name of Collection [Online]. Available at: URL(Accessed: date)

Murdock, G., 2010, ‘Shifting anxieties, altered media: risk communication in networked times’, Catalan Journal of Communication & Cultural Studies, 2(2),156-176, JSTOR [Online]. Available at: http://www.catalanjournal.co./34534 (Accessed: 19 September 2013)

REFERENCING


WEBSITE

Authorship or Source (Year) Title of web document or web page. Available at: include web site address/URL (Uniform Resource Locator) (Accessed date).

NHS Evidence (2003) National Library of Guidelines. Available at: http://www.library.nhs.uk/guidelinesFinder (Accessed: 19 September 2013).

REFERENCING


ONLINE ENCYCLOPEDIA OR DICTIONARIES

Author, Initial(s) Year of publication, 'Title of entry', in Editor's Initial(s) Surname (ed./eds), Title of encyclopedia, Edition (if not the first), Volume number (if any), Publisher, Place of publication, page numbers.

Meadows, M 2011, 'Indigenous media (Australia)', in JDH Downing (ed.), Encyclopedia of social movement media, 2nd ed, SAGE Publications, Los Angeles, pp. 247-250

REFERENCING


NEWSPAPER

Article author(s), year, article title, full newspaper title with capital first letters, day, month, page or pages.

PAYNE, Stewart and LIGHTFOOT, Liz (2006). No need to turn up at 24-hour school. The Daily Telegraph, 25 September, 1, 4.

REFERENCING

BOOK

Step1 : Identify following information from the book verso page:

1. Authors2. Title and subtitle3. Edition4. Publisher5. Place of publication6. Year of publication

PART 3 : STEP BY STEP GUIDE

PART 3 : STEP BY STEP GUIDE (BOOK)

Author

Book title

Edition

Publisher

PART 3 : STEP BY STEP GUIDE (BOOK)

Publisher

Place of publication

Year of publication

ONLINE JOURNAL

Step1 : Identify following information from the online journal:

1. Authors2. Year of publication3. Article title and subtitle4. Journal title5. Volume6. issue7. Page number8. D.O.I or URL



Author`s name

Article title

Year of publication Page number

Volume Issue

D.O.I


Journal title

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