Vol. IX, No. 2 ? May 2002

HARRISON FORD ANDCONSERVATION INTERNATIONAL

RECEIVE WORLD ECOLOGYAWARD

Harrison Ford and Conservation Internationalreceived World Ecology Awards from theInternational Center for Tropical Ecology at a galadinner held at the Missouri Botanical Garden onMay 9, 2002.

With more than 30 feature films to his credit,including the blockbusters Star Wars and IndianaJones trilogies and The Fugitive, Air Force One andPatriot Games, Harrison Ford is a cinematic hero, abox office superstar. Off screen, he uses hisconsiderable talents as a tireless campaigner for theenvironment and global conservation.

Ford has served on the board of ConservationInternational for 10 years actively participating inits design and growth. During this time, CI hasemerged as a leading force in global conservation.Ford helped establish the Center for AppliedBiodiversity Science at CI, the first early warningsystem for global conservation efforts.

He also played a key role in the development ofCI’s Center for Environmental Leadership inBusiness, a coalition of conservation and businessinterests searching for ways to reduce the impact ofdevelopment on the earth’s biodiversity.

In addition, Ford serves on the board of CI’sGlobal Conservation Fund, which has secured theprotection of over 40 million acres on threecontinents in the past 18 months. He lives inJackson, Wyoming, where he donated nearly 400acres of his property for a conservation easement tothe Jackson Hole Land Trust.

Founded in 1987, Conservation International’smission is to conserve the earth’s living naturalheritage, our global biodiversity, and to demonstratethat human societies are able to live harmoniouslywith nature. CI is working in more than 30countries on four continents to preserve threatenedecosystems and has identified 25 of the world’srichest and most threatened reservoirs of plant andanimal life and focused its efforts on the

conservation of these biodiverse “hotspots” whichinclude the tropical Andes, Madagascar, southwestAustralia and the Atlantic Forests of Brazil.

In his acceptance address Ford said:“conservation of biodiversity is the issue of ourtimes. We have the ability to safeguard the hotspotsand tropical wilderness areas— those epicenters oflife that remain. What we do today will set thecourse and the example for generations to come.”

The World Ecology Award is presented by theInternational Center for Tropical Ecology toeminent individuals who have raised publicawareness of our global ecological crisis and madesignificant contributions to environmentalprotection and biodiversity conservation. Previousrecipients of the award are John Denver, CaptainJacques Cousteau, Prince Sadruddin Aga Khan,Dr. Paul Ehrlich, President José Figueres, Dr.Richard Leakey, Dr. Jane Goodall, Ted Turnerand Dr. Gro Harlem Brundtland.

Harrison Ford

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Harrison Ford with the World Ecology Award,presented by the International Center for TropicalEcology at a gala dinner held at the MissouriBotanical Garden (Photo: Nancy Birge-Osborne).

Dr. Russell Mittermeier, President, ConservationInternational, accepting the World Ecology Awardon behalf of Conservation International at the galadinner held at the Missouri Botanical Garden(Photo: Nancy Birge-Osborne).

The gala dinner was sponsored by Bank ofAmerica, Mr. and Mrs. Leo A. Drey, The DulaFoundation, Fox Family Foundation, HermannFoundation, Kroeger Charitable Trust, Mr. andMrs. E. Desmond Lee, Sanford N. McDonnellFoundation, Constance and John McPheetersand Mr. and Mrs. Douglas Morriss. (Morepictures on pages 12 and 13).

This Newsletter describes recent activities of theInternational Center for Tropical Ecology.Established in cooperation with the MissouriBotanical Garden, the Center promotes researchand education in biodiversity conservation, and thesustainable use of tropical ecosystems. The Centerprovides an academic, international environment forgraduate education in tropical ecology, evolution,systematics, and conservation. Furthermore, theCenter supports undergraduate education inconservation biology and promotes awarenesswithin the St. Louis community of the importanceof conservation and environmentally sustainablepolicies and practices.

THE CHRISTENSEN FUNDFELLOWSHIP PROGRAM

The Christensen Fund Fellowship Program in PlantConservation established last year through a $2million endowment has been brought to theattention of universities, herbaria, researchorganizations and non-governmental organizationsthroughout the tropics. We received excellentapplications from highly qualified students fromBolivia, Brazil, Cameroon, Colombia, Costa Rica,Honduras, Indonesia, Kenya, Mauritius, Mexico,Nepal, Nigeria, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru,Puerto-Rico, Tanzania, Thailand and Zimbabwe.Deby Arifiani from Indonesia and David Kenfackfrom Cameroon have been awarded the first twoChristensen Fund Fellowships. Deby completed herM.S. at UM-St. Louis in 2000 with a taxonomicrevision of Endiandra (Lauraceae) in Borneo and iscurrently a curator with the Bogor Herbarium.Indonesia is one of the world’s biologically diverse‘hot-spots’. Deby will continue to study members ofthe Lauraceae and is also working on a publicationdescribing the rare plants of Indonesia.

David Kenfack is Field Director of the KorupForest Dynamics Plot, funded through the Centerfor Tropical Forest Science of the Smithsonian

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Tropical Research Institute. David is also workingon a World Wildlife Fund project collectingbaseline botanical information in the coastal forestsof Sanaga-Bioko. He is Senior Botanist andHerbarium Curator of the Mount Cameroon Projectwith the Limbe Botanic Garden.

The Christensen Fund Steering Committee metin October 2001 and developed guiding principlesfor the administration of this endowment and themechanisms for awarding fellowships. Themembers of this committee are: Dr. Bette Loiselle(Chair), Director, ICTE, Dr. Patrick Osborne,Executive Director, ICTE, Dr. Elizabeth Kellogg,E. Desmond Lee and Family Fund EndowedProfessor in Plant Systematics, UM-St. Louis, Dr.Patricia Parker, Director, Graduate Program inBiology and E. Desmond Lee and Family FundEndowed Professor in Zoological Studies, UM-St.Louis, Dr. P. Mick Richardson, Manager,Graduate Studies, Missouri Botanical Garden, Dr.Peter Stevens, Professor, Department of Biology,UM-St. Louis, Dr. Jan Salick, Applied ResearchDepartment, Missouri Botanical Garden, Dr. JamesMiller, Applied Research Department, MissouriBotanical Garden, Dr. Mary Yurlina,Conservation Programs Manager, Center for PlantConservation, Mr. Douglas Ladd, Director ofConservation Science, The Nature Conservancy,Missouri Chapter, Dr. Stuart Davies, Center forInternational Development and Arnold Arboretum,Harvard University. Senior Advisors to the SteeringCommittee are Dr. Peter Raven, Director,Missouri Botanical Garden and Dr. KathyrnKennedy, President and Executive Director, Centerfor Plant Conservation.

COMPTON FOUNDATIONFELLOWSHIPS

The Compton Foundation generously renewedsupport to the ICTE through their Program inEnvironment and Sustainable Development. Thisprogram contributes to the capacity of developingcountries to make informed policy and resourcemanagement decisions based on principles ofsustainable development and sound science and topromote integration of environment, peace andpopulation issues in graduate level study andresearch. Compton Foundation Fellowships for2002 have been awarded to Lucia Lohmann(Brazil) and Lucio Malizia (Argentina). LuciaLohmann is in the final year of her Ph.D. program

and is studying the systematics of lianas in theBignoniaceae using molecular and morphologicaltechniques. On completion of her Ph.D. Lucia plansto teach at a university in Brazil and play an activerole in documenting Brazil’s rich biologicaldiversity with a view to strengthening programs thatprovide legal protection of species-rich habitats.

Lucio Malizia is a Ph.D. candidate who, oncompletion of his studies, will return to theLaboratorio de Investigaciones Ecológicas de lasYungas at the Universidad Nacional de Tucumánwhere he has been a Research Associate since 1994.Lucio is studying bird and tree populations in theendangered Yungas forests in the Andes of northernArgentina. Lucio is keen to assist in conservationneeds assessments that will balance economicdevelopment by oil and logging companies withbiodiversity conservation through establishment ofa network of reserves and protected areas. He hasbeen an advocate of sound environmental planningand has assisted with writing several environmentalimpact statements.

Further Compton Fellowships will be awardedfor the Fall 2002 semester.

GOLDIE MILLSTONESCHOLARSHIP

We are delighted to announce that the ICTE hasbeen selected to award the Goldie MillstoneScholarship for the next four years. Thisscholarship will provide research support to agraduate student studying tropical biology. AndreaLoayza received the first award for her study of thediet and movement of frugivorous bats betweencontinuous forest and natural forest fragments inBeni, Bolivia. Adrian Azpiroz will receive the2002 Goldie Millstone Scholarship.

FAUCETT FAMILY FOUNDATIONRESEARCH SCHOLARSHIP

The Faucett Family Foundation has established anamed research scholarship in Neotropicalornithology. The first recipient of this award isWendy Tori who will undertake a study of theeffect of human-induced fragmentation on therichness, abundance and genetic diversity of birdsin an Andean forest in Kosnipata, Peru. Wegratefully acknowledge the kind support of theFaucett Family Foundation.

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TREES PROJECT RECEIVES LONG-TERM NSF FUNDING

A research proposal submitted by Drs. David andDeborah Clark has received funding from theNational Science Foundation (NSF) through theLong-Term Research in Environmental Biology(LTREB) program. This will enable the Clark’s tocontinue the TREES Project, already in itseighteenth year, for another five years. This studyhas been designed to examine the ecological basesof life history diversity and population ecology intropical rain forest trees. The core activity is anannual census of 2,300 individuals of ten canopyand emergent tree species in 250 ha of old-growthtropical wet forest at La Selva Biological Station inCosta Rica. Growth, mortality, physical damage,and microsite conditions of all trees have beenmeasured annually since 1983. All trees are mappedand incorporated into the La Selva GeographicInformation System, and their distribution andperformance have been studied in relation to bothsoil nutrients and topography over a mesoscalelandscape. The core TREES dataset is the largestand longest record available of concurrent annually-measured growth and microsite conditions fortropical rain forest trees.

Two compelling scientific issues have beenraised by the data to date which can only beresolved by continued research. One question withmajor environmental, political, and economicimplications is whether tropical rain forests, asexemplified by La Selva, are experiencing a declinein forest productivity with global warming. TheTREES data show a strong negative correlationbetween annual tree growth and annual minimumtemperature over the period 1984-2000. Thisrelationship supports recent findings from globalprocess models predicting large productivitydeclines in the world's tropical forests due to globalwarming. Furthermore, a close correlation betweenatmospheric carbon dynamics and year-to-year treegrowth patterns at La Selva supports a recentinference that the terrestrial tropics are stronglyinfluencing the rate of atmospheric carbonaccumulation. Both records have indicated largeimpacts of el Niño events, with markedly lower treegrowth rates mirrored by substantial anomalousCO2 efflux from the terrestrial tropics in such years.Extending the TREES measurements for a furtherfive years will probably cover the next el Niño

event as well as continued global warming and willprovide a critical test of these relationships. At thesame time, the core initial research goal to elucidatethe diverse life history modes represented amongtropical rain forest canopy trees requires continuingthe long-term measurements for at least a further10-20 years. Analyses of the TREES data from thelast 18 years have shown that, for non-pioneercanopy species— which are the vast majority of treespecies in any tropical rain forest— growth fromestablished seedling to the canopy requires 50-100years. Many of the most interesting questions raisedby the study remain unanswered. Why do thesmallest saplings fail to show the expected tradeoffbetween growth capacity and survivorship? Is thereany life history type that does not involve gapdependence at some juvenile stage? How many gapevents, on average, are required for a juvenile treeto grow to the canopy? How many years ofcontinuous suppression can juvenile trees survivewith the capacity to then respond to a new high-light event? Do these processes differ amongcanopy species that differ strongly in mortality ratesand growth potential through ontogeny? Withoutobservations that are longer-term than those inhand, it will not be possible to answer thesefundamental questions about how canopy treesactually achieve adult size in tropical rain forest.

DEBORAH CLARK ELECTEDFELLOW OF AAAS

Dr. Deborah Clark, a Research Professor in theDepartment of Biology and Faculty Associate of theICTE, has been elected a Fellow of the AmericanAssociation for the Advancement of Science.Deborah has worked in the tropics for over 30years, first in the Galapagos Islands for her doctoralstudies, and for the last two decades as a full-timeresearcher at the La Selva Biological Station inCosta Rica. She studies the ecology of tropicaltrees, long-term processes affecting tree growth andsurvival in lowland forests, effects of climatechange on forest productivity, and implications ofthis on global climate and the atmosphere. Forfourteen years she was Co-Director of the La SelvaBiological Station, and she currently chairs theGraduate Education Review Committee for theOrganization of Tropical Studies. She is a pastPresident of the Association for Tropical Biologyand has published over 50 papers in prestigiousscientific journals.

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RICKLEFS RECEIVES ST. LOUISACADEMY OF SCIENCE AWARD

Dr. Robert Ricklefs,Curators’ Professor inthe Department ofBiology has won theAcademy of Science ofSt. Louis' FellowsAward. He received theaward at a dinner heldon April 4, 2002. Theannual award recognizesan “active scientistwho.....excels in communicating to and teachingcolleagues, future scientists and the general public.”In naming Ricklefs for this prestigious award, theacademy noted his leading role in the areas ofevolutionary biology and biogeography. It alsocited the role two of his textbooks have played ineducating the public about ecological issues.Ecology first published in 1973, is now in its fourthedition; and Economy of Nature, first published in1976, is now in its fifth edition. Dr. Peter Raven,Director of the Missouri Botanical Garden andtrustee and fellow of the academy, said of Ricklefs,“....his findings and research are of major benefit toall who are concerned with conservation,biodiversity and evolutionary biology.”

SCIENTIFIC BOARD MEMBERSDr. Rodolfo Dirzo, Director, Center for Ecology,Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Dr.Kathryn Kennedy, President and ExecutiveDirector, Center for Plant Conservation, Dr.Elizabeth Losos, Director, Center for TropicalForest Science, Smithsonian Tropical ResearchInstitution and Dr. John Terborgh, James B. DukeProfessor of Environmental Science and Biology,Duke University have joined the ICTE’s ScientificBoard.

Rodolfo Dirzo’s main field of expertise istropical ecology and conservation and his primaryarea of research is ecological interactions. Hefocuses on the conservation of processes in tropicalforests. Rodolfo's work includes the study ofdefaunation (the contemporary loss of vertebrates)and its consequences on forest diversity andfunction; deforestation and its consequences onatmospheric properties; and trophic relationshipsbetween plants and animals (who eats who, who is

eaten by whom, and with what consequences for thefunctioning of ecosystems).

Kathryn Kennedy leads the Center for PlantConservation which is headquartered at theMissouri Botanical Garden. The Center for PlantConservation is a national coalition of conservation-minded institutions dedicated to conserving andrestoring the rare native plants of the United States.

Elizabeth Losos oversees the Center forTropical Forest Science (CTFS), a pan-tropicalnetwork of standardized, large-scale demographictree plots. The CTFS network currently maintainsthe most comprehensive database of tropical treedemographic information in the world, monitoringover 3 million trees of 6500 species throughout thetropics. The mission of CTFS is to coordinate andpromote standardized long-term research in thenatural and social sciences and use the results toaddress issues in tropical forest management,conservation, and natural resource policy. CTFS isa voluntary consortium of universities, researchorganizations, forestry departments, and non-governmental organizations from Africa, Asia, andLatin America.

John Terborgh's interests lie in the fields oftropical ecology and conservation. He has studiedbirds, primates, herbs and forest trees and hasdirected student projects involving butterflies,lizards, amphibians and crocodillians. The commondenominator in all this work has been the goal ofsolving problems of general ecological interestusing a comparative approach. Typical comparisonshave involved seasonal patterns in resourceutilization by forest primates, habitat use byAmazonian birds, and latitudinal variation in thestructure of mature forests. He regards asparticularly important the need to understand themany consequences of habitat fragmentation,especially those related to the disruption of trophic-level processes. Dr. Terborgh and his studentsconduct much of their research at the Cocha Cashufield station that is maintained in Peru's ManuNational Park.

NATIONAL PARKS SERVICEDIRECTOR VISITS ST. LOUIS

The Director of the National Parks Service, FranMainella visited St. Louis in September 2001 andmet with representatives from the InternationalCenter for Tropical Ecology, Missouri BotanicalGarden, Missouri Department of Conservation

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(Confluence Greenway), Missouri Department ofNatural Resources and The Nature Conservancy(Missouri Chapter). The Director describedopportunities to develop partnerships between theNational Parks Service and public and privateorganizations to enhance biodiversity conservation,promote long-term sustainability of ecosystems, andraise scientific literacy of the public. The Directorwas accompanied by Dr. Gillian Bowser, SpecialAssistant to the Director and ICTE alumna (Ph.D.1999).

CONSERVATION ACTION PRIZEIn October 2000, the International Center forTropical Ecology established the ConservationAction Prize to recognize individuals who areparticularly active in the frontline of biologicalconservation. The award honors individualsintimately involved and successful in seekingsolutions to conservation problems, developingconservation strategies, implementing programsthat conserve natural resources, habitats andbiodiversity, educating the public on issuespertaining to biological conservation, or providingleadership through example. These individuals arerarely recognized publicly for their dedication, yet,their work underpins the day-to-day successes inthe conservation of biodiversity and habitats. Theprize recognizes conservationists active in Missourias well as those active nationally or internationally.The first recipient of the Conservation Action Prizewas Sharon Matola, Director of the Belize Zoo, anactivist in environmental education and ardentcampaigner against ill-advised developmentprojects in Belize.

The 2001 Conservation Action Prize waspresented at the Conservation Forum to DouglasLadd, Director, Conservation Science, The NatureConservancy (Missouri Chapter). The prize wasaccepted, on his behalf, by his daughter, MelicaLadd. Douglas Ladd has been involved withconservation planning, natural area assessment,management, restoration, and research for more thantwenty-five years, with particular emphasis onvegetation, and fire ecology. Recent work hasconcentrated on vegetation and fire ecology of mid-western prairies and woodlands, developingassessment and ecological monitoring protocols forterrestrial vegetation, and eco-regional conservationplanning. He has also worked on lichen floristics andecology in the Midwest for over a decade, and is

currently collaborating with Richard Harris of theNew York Botanical Garden on a treatment of thelichens of the Ozarks. He has undergraduate degreesin botany and chemistry, and a master's degree inbotany from Southern Illinois University, where histhesis research was conducted under Dr. RobertMohlenbrock on the flora and vegetation of north-central Vermont. In addition to numerous articles andreports, he is the author of two plant field guides,North Woods Wildflowers and Tallgrass PrairieWildflowers, and co-author of Discover NaturalMissouri and Distribution of Illinois Vascular Plants.A research associate at the Missouri BotanicalGarden in St. Louis and the Morton Arboretum inChicago, Ladd also serves on the Science AdvisoryBoard for Bernheim Arboretum and Research Forestin Louisville.

NEWS OF FACULTY, STUDENTS,AND ALUMNI

Dr. Patricia McDaniel, UM-St. Louis AdjunctAssistant Professor of Biology and ICTE FacultyAssociate received a grant from the U.S. Fish andWildlife Service's Division of InternationalConservation— Western Hemisphere Program, todevelop and coordinate the Field Methods inTropical Ecology and Conservation TrainingProgram. This three-week field course is designedfor Latin American professionals and upper-leveluniversity students and will provide its participantswith training in basic and advanced fieldmethodologies as well as the application of varioustechniques to local environmental concerns andconservation priorities. The course will be held thissummer at the Bocas del Toro Biological Station,Isla Colon, Panama. The program is a collaborationbetween the Saint Louis Zoo and the ICTE, withinitial program development funds provided by Dr.Patricia Parker, through the E. Desmond Lee andFamily Fund Endowment.

Dr. Susanne Renner, with three of her students,has published an illustrated treatment of theMelastomataceae for Thailand (Renner, S.S., G.Clausing, N. Cellinese, and K. Meyer. 2001.Melastomataceae. The Forest Herbarium, RoyalForest Department, Bangkok) and is now workingon treatments for the Flora of China and the Floraof Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam. Together withcolleagues, she is also working on the phylogeneticsand biogeography of Monimiaceae (Takeuchi, W.,and S.S. Renner. 2002. A generic record for Faika

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(Monimiaceae) in Papua New Guinea. FloraMalesiana Bull. 13: 54-55). For each family,molecular sequences, morphological data, andfossils are used to understand how these plants haveattained their current wide distribution in tropicaland subtropical areas. A newly started project dealswith the Himalayan cobra lily genus or jack-in-the-pulpit (Arisaema), which is centered in theHimalayas but also has three species in NorthAmerica.

Dr. Godfrey R. Bourne represented CEIBABiological Center and Guyana at the Guiana ShieldConservation Priority Setting Workshop at theTorarica Hotel and Resort, Paramaribo, Suriname(5-9 April 2002). The workshop was co-sponsoredby Conservation International, NetherlandsCommittee for IUCN, Guiana Shield Initiative,and UNDP Guyana. A consensus map ofconservation priority areas of the shield, and twodocuments were produced: The Guiana Region: AGlobal Priority and the Paramaribo Declaration.Dr. Bourne has also been appointed to a 5-year termas an External Examiner by the University ofGuyana to help evaluate and improve thecurriculum in the Department of Biology.

Rodney Dyer, Juan Fernadez, Shing-FanHuang, Zacharia Magombo and Michelle Priceall completed the requirements of the Ph.D. degreeand graduated in Winter 2002. Kelly Jo Bailey,Monica Carlsen, Micah Dunthorn, Linda Hurst,Lucio Malizia and Lupita Sanchez-Acebograduated with the Masters of Science in Winter2002. Craig Litteken received the GraduateCertificate in Tropical Biology and Conservation.

Christina Casado Acorn (M.S. 2000) isworking with HDR Engineering Inc. and involvedin the planning phases of individual restorationprojects for the Everglades in South Florida. HDREngineering has been hired by the Army Corps ofEngineers as Program Management Consultants forthe Comprehensive Everglades RestorationProgram (CERP). This program was establishedthrough the Water Resources and Development Act(WRDA) 2000 bill signed by Congress thatallocated $8 billion to be spent over the next 40years on the restoration of the Everglades. Christinamarried Jay Acorn on April 21, 2001.

Dr. Michelle Price (Ph.D. 2002) has beenappointed Curator of Cryptogamic Herbarium at theBotanical Garden in Geneva, Switzerland.

Dr. Armand Randrianasolo (Ph.D. 2001) hasbeen appointed Secretary for the IUCN speciessurvival commission in Madagascar.

José (Pepe) Tello (M.S. 1996) is now studyingfor his Ph.D. at the University of Illinois-Chicagoand the Field Museum. He has recently beenawarded a National Science Foundation grant forhis field research.

Len Meier (M.S. 2000) is working with theOffice of Surface Mining (U.S. Department of theInterior) and served on the Steering Committee thatorganized the conference: Bat conservation andmining: A technical interactive forum. He alsocontributed a paper entitled: Importance of minesfor bat conservation that was published in theconference proceedings.

Andrea Loayza received a WildlifeConservation Society Research Fellowship for herstudy of the diet and movement of frugivorous batsbetween continuous forest and natural forestfragments in Beni, Bolivia. Andrea was alsoawarded the 2001 Goldie Millstone Scholarshipby the ICTE to support her bat research.

Kimberly Holbrook has received grants for herresearch on the seed dispersal of nutmeg species bytoucans through a Fulbright Fellowship,Philanthropic Educational Organization (PEO)Scholar Award, Conservation & Research SmallGrants Program— Cleveland Zoological Society,Lincoln Park Zoo Field Conservation Funds, FrankM. Chapman Memorial Fund and a Pilot Awardfrom the Organization for Tropical Studies. Shealso has a paper in press with Ecography thatdescribes her work in Cameroon on the long-distance movements of hornbills.

Sandra Arango was awarded the VirginiaThomas Scholarship for a foreign student from theFederated Garden Clubs of Missouri Inc.

Patricia Feria has co-authored a paper with A.Townsend Peterson (Diversity and Distributions(2002) 8: 49-56) on predicting bird communitycomposition using point-occurrence data andinferential algorithms.

Mark Beilstein received the Ernest and LillianSwansan Scholarship from the Federated GardenClubs of Missouri Inc.

Dr. Simon Malcomber had a successful trip toTanzania and collected 10 of the 11 recordedRottboelliinae grass genera in addition to severalother interesting species. DNA will be extractedfrom the Rottboelliinae collections and analyzed to

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infer: (1) the nearest relatives of the group and (2)whether the group is monophyletic.

Patrick Sweeney spent two months in southeastAsia collecting Garcinia (Clusiaceae). He visitedlowland and hill dipterocarp rain forest and upperand lower montane rain forest in areas throughoutMalaysia. He also visited Bogor Botanic Gardenand Taman Buah Mekarsari, both in Indonesia;Singapore Botanic Garden; and the Forest ResearchInstitute of Malaysia in Kepong. A total of 161Garcinia collections were made representingapproximately 50 species. These materials will beused in Patrick's investigation of phylogeneticrelationships and floral evolution in Garcinia.

Kevin Matson received the Saint LouisAudubon Society Research Scholarship and theMickey Scudder Scholarship in Field Biology fromthe Webster Groves Nature Study Society.

Dr. Jaqueline M. Goerck (Director, BirdLifeInternational— Brasil Programme; Ph.D. 1999)wrote to announce that the Ecological Station ofMurici was created in June 2001 through a federaldecree signed by the President of Brazil. Murici isan important area for biodiversity conservation, andespecially for the conservation of many threatenedbird species. BirdLife International, together withSociedade Nordestina de Ecologia, has collaboratedwith IBAMA (Instituto Brasileiro do MeioAmbiente e dos Recursos Naturais) and theMinistry of the Environment in creating thisecological station.

2002 ICTE SCHOLARSHIP AWARDSA record sixteen research scholarships wereawarded by the International Center for TropicalEcology in March 2002. Goldie MillstoneScholarship: Adrian Azpiroz (Black-and-whitemonjita and saffron-cowled blackbird in EasternUruguay: ecological association and conservation);Jane Harris Scholarship for Tropical Botany:Mark Beilstein (Phylogenetic analysis of themustard family (Brassicaceae)); MallinckrodtGraduate Fellowship in Tropical Ecology: KarinaBoege (Ontogenetic variation in plant resistance:consequences for herbivores and plants); JohnDenver Memorial Scholarship in TropicalEcology: Adriana Ferraro (Spatial and genetic lekstructure in Andean cock-of-the-rock (Rupicolaperuviana)); Stephen Mitchell Doyle Scholarshipin Tropical Ecology: Marcos Maldonado Coelho(The relative role of habitat and landscape factors

on bird communities in a fragmented landscape ofthe Atlantic Forest, southeastern Brazil); StokesFamily Scholarship in Tropical Conservation:Renata Ribeiro (Effect of fragmentation onavailability, stability and utilization by birds ofsuspended dead leaves in the Atlantic forest,Brazil); Jane and Stanley Birge Scholarship:Kimberly Schultz (The interactive effects ofmycorrhizal fungi and soil nutrients on tropical treeseedlings: A potential mechanism in tropical forestregeneration); Parker-Gentry Tropical ResearchFellowship: Alberto Vicentini (The evolutionaryhistory of the plant genus Pagamea Aubl.(Rubiaceae): Evolutionary patterns at its center ofdiversity on the Guyana Shield); Faucett FamilyFoundation Research Scholarship in NeotropicalOrnithology: Wendy Tori (Effect of human-induced fragmentation on the richness, abundanceand genetic diversity of birds in an Andean forest inKosnipata-Peru); Development Board and ICTEScholarships: Yeshey Dorji (A revision of thegenus Leycesteria); Diego Santiago-Alarcon(Population genetic structure, diseases, andectoparasites loads in populations of the Galapagosdove (Zenaida galapagoensis)); Jamie Talley(Geographic variation in the primary song of therusty-margined flycatcher: Patterns of taxonomicaffinities in Guyana); Teresa Patricia Feria(Influence of species characteristics andenvironment on predicting species distributions);Lucio Malizia (Species turnover across treeassemblages in Andean forests); Thomas Ryder(Causal factors for male spatial aggregation andthe ecological relationships of syntopic manakins inlowland Ecuador) and Noah Whiteman (Effects ofhost mating system on ectoparasite loads in theGalapagos hawk (Buteo galapagoensis), athreatened island-endemic).

MOU SIGNED WITH UNIVERSITIESIN ARGENTINA

A memorandum of understanding has been signedbetween the International Center for TropicalEcology and the Laboratorio de InvestigacionesEcológicas de las Yungas at the UniversidadNacional de Tucumán and the LaboratorioECOTONO at the Centro Regional UniversitarioBariloche, Universidad Nacional del Comahue inArgentina. This MOU will foster collaborativeresearch and education among the partners.

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MOU SIGNED WITH UNIVERSITYOF ANTANANARIVO

In December 2001, the ICTE hosted a visit bymembers of the Faculté des Sciences, University ofAntananarivo, Madagascar: Dr. BakolimalalaRakouth Ramamonjisos, Head of Plant Biologyand Ecology Department, Prof. CharlotteRajeriarison, in Charge of Graduate Studies, PlantBiology and Ecology Department and Dr.Noromalala Raminosoa Rasoamampionona,Animal Biology Department. As a result of thisvisit, Chancellor Touhill has signed amemorandum of understanding with the Universityof Antananarivo to develop collaborative programs.The collaboration will include faculty exchangevisits, graduate training through short courses andcooperative research programs.

2002 JANE AND WHITNEY HARRISLECTURE

The annual Jane and Whitney Harris Lecture washeld on April 4, 2002 at the Missouri BotanicalGarden. This year's lecture was delivered by Dr.Martha L. Crump, Adjunct Professor of Biologyat Northern Arizona University and ConservationFellow of the Wildlife Conservation Society. Thetitle of her talk was: In search of the golden frog: Atropical saga. Marty Crump has worked in,Ecuador, Argentina, Costa Rica, and Brazilstudying harlequin frogs, golden toads, andpredaceous tadpoles. Her recent book, In Search ofthe Golden Frog (University of Chicago Press),describes her experiences as a field biologist. She isalso a co-author of the student text Herpetology(Prentice Hall), now in its second edition. Dr.Crump has been appointed as an ICTE ResearchAssociate.

VISITORS TO THE ICTEDr. Stuart Davies, Research Fellow with theKennedy Center for International Development andthe Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University visitedthe Center in October as a member of theChristensen Fund Fellowship Program SteeringCommittee. Stuart is a tropical ecologist andtaxonomist specializing in the plants andecosystems of Southeast Asia.

Dr. Marcelo Aizen from the LaboratorioEcotono-CRUB, Universidad Nacional delComahue, Argentina visited the Center at the end

of October and presented a seminar entitled: A storyfrom the Southern Andes: a hummingbirdpollinator, a marsupial disperser and the winterflowering of a mistletoe. Marcelo also met withCenter Associates and discussed mechanismsleading to establishing closer links between theCenter and universities in Argentina.

Dr. Emilio A. Herrera visited the Center inFebruary. He is one of Venezuela's leadingbehavioral ecologists. After finishing hisundergraduate degree at Universidad Simon Bolivarin Caracas (1980), he obtained his Ph.D. inbehavioral ecology from Oxford University, UnitedKingdom, in 1986. He then returned to Venezuelaand is, at present, an Associate Professor ofEnvironmental Studies at Universidad SimonBolivar. Dr. Herrera has published extensively onthe social behavior, behavioral ecology, andmanagement of capybaras (Hydrochaerishydrochaeris) in the Venezuelan llanos, as well ason the biology of the tegu lizard, Tupinambisteguixin. Currently, Dr. Herrera is on sabbaticalleave in the Department of Integrative Biology atthe University of California at Berkeley, where heis conducting DNA-fingerprinting studies ofcapybaras. Dr. Herrera presented a seminar to theDepartment of Biology entitled: Behavioral ecologyof capybaras in Venezuela and also delivered theannual lecture hosted jointly by the InternationalCenter for Tropical Ecology and the Center forInternational Studies which was entitled: Wildlifemanagement and conservation in the tropics: Thecase of the capybaras in Venezuela.

Joaquim do Marco Neto, Director, JureiaEcological Reservation and Anajulia ElizabeteSalles, Director, Brasilia Botanical Garden visitedthe ICTE under the auspices of the U.S. StateDepartment’s International Visitor Program. Thevisit was coordinated by the World AffairsCouncil of St. Louis.

TROPICAL ECOLOGY IN THETEMPERATE ZONE

Robert Marquis, Professor of Biology, is interestedin the ecology and evolution of plant resistance toherbivores in tropical and temperate ecosystems.

Biologists are drawn to conduct research in thetropics for many reasons: high diversity of animalsand plants, potential for year-round activity of theirfavorite study organisms, and a chance to study

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unique interactions among organisms. One type ofinteraction that is particularly common in tropicalforests is that between ants and plants. Plantsprovide food, in the form of nectar and food bodiesrich in glycogen, and sometimes shelter, in hollowstems and roots, and leaf pockets. In visiting andsometimes living on the plant, ants will attackinsects that might eat the plant, provide nutrients inthe form of insect body parts, and clip off vines thatmight climb on the plant. These actions are oftenbeneficial to the plant and may have provided theimpetus for the evolution of plant traits that attractants in the first place.

The frequency of ant-plant interactions is thehighest in tropical habitats. For example, some 90%of the trees in Peruvian forests are found to havesuch interactions with ants. However, ant-plantinteractions are not limited to the tropics. My labgroup has been studying an ant-plant system that isnative here in Missouri (and the eastern UnitedStates). This past summer, I had the good fortune towork with a set of very bright and enthusiasticstudents. Rodrigo Rios is from Bolivia and isworking to complete his M.S. in Biology from UM-St. Louis. He was supported in his first year by afellowship through the Missouri BotanicalGarden. In addition, two high school studentsserved as field assistants. Paul Renner, now ajunior at Priory H.S., completed his third year as afield assistant with professors in the Department ofBiology. Finally, Anya Vykopal, now a senior atMICDS, also spent the summer working on thisproject with us. She was a former STARS-Solutia-NSF Young Scholar at UM-St. Louis as asophomore, and will be attending CornellUniversity in the fall (in environmental studies).This research was supported by a University ofMissouri Research Board grant.

The plant we have been studying is the PartridgePea, or Chamaecrista fasciculata in the Fabaceae(legume family). This plant is an annual plantspecies, common to prairies, some glades, and otheropen areas. At the base of each of the compoundleaves is a circular, raised gland called anextrafloral nectary. A nectary is a gland thatproduces nectar, which is some combination ofsugar, water and amino acids. Nectaries aretypically found inside flowers, producing nectarthat attracts pollinators, such as bees andhummingbirds. When these nectaries are foundoutside flowers, they are called “extrafloral”

nectaries (EFNs). The plants with EFNs thatgardeners in the St. Louis area are probably mostfamiliar with are peonies. In this case, ants areattracted by EFNs on the sepals (green leaflikestructures that cover the flower buds). Cut peoniesbrought into the house almost invariably bring withthem ants visiting the nectaries on the sepals.

Anya Vykopal, Paul Renner and Rodrigo Riospreparing to study interactions among ants,herbivores and the Partridge Pea, an annual plantin the Fabacae or legume family.

Ants utilizing an extrafloral nectary on thePartridge Pea (Chamaecrista fasciculata).

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When first described, there was much discussionin the ecological literature about the role of theEFNs. It is now generally agreed that their functionis to attract ants, whose presence provides somebenefit to the plant. In the Partridge Pea system, ithas been shown that some ant species provideprotection against insect herbivores. The ants dothis by attacking or molesting insect herbivores,making it difficult for them to eat the leaves.

Our goal last summer was to document variationin the interactions among ants, herbivores andplants at different locations in the Metro region.Our prediction was that where both ants andherbivores were present in high abundance, plantswould produce large amounts of nectar to attractants as protective agents. In contrast, in placeswhere ant and/or herbivore abundance was low, wewould find plants with small nectaries, andnectaries that produced little or no nectar. Bycomparing populations, we were testing the impactof herbivores and ants for the evolution of planttraits, in this case the EFNs. We found greatvariation in ant and herbivore abundance. Ourinitial results show that the two populations with thelowest ant and herbivore abundance produced theleast amount of nectar. We are in the process ofanalyzing population differences in nectar contentat this time.

EARTH LINKS: ECOLOGY INTRANSIT

The ICTE worked with Arts in Transit of the Bi-State Development Agency in developing a designthat was painted on a bus as part of Earth Daycelebrations on Sunday, April 21, 2002. Thedesigns reflected the theme of this year’s EarthDay, Connecting Communities and were created byartists Robert Ketchens, Janet Sanders andNannette Vinson who are the first EarthLinksartists-in-residence, a program initiated by Arts inTransit. This activity is part of the EarthLinks:Ecology in Transit, an educational outreachprogram that is designed to promote awareness ofthe importance of trees in the bi-state region ofgreater St. Louis. EarthLinks: Ecology is Transit isco-sponsored by the Missouri Botanical Garden(Litzsinger Road Ecology Center), Bi-StateDevelopment Agency (Arts in Transit), MissouriDepartment of Conservation (ConfluenceGreenway) and the International Center forTropical Ecology

ICTE DEVELOPMENT BOARDVISITS CUBA

Members of the ICTE Development Board spenteight days in Cuba in February 2002 and met withDra. Angela T. Leiva Sánchez, Director, JardínBotánico Nacional as well as visiting a number ofsites of ecological interest. The ICTE will foster thedeveloping relationship with the Jardín BotánicoNacional and the Instituto de Ecología ySistemática based in Havana, Cuba. RogerMcManus (Director, Center for Conservation andSustainable Development, Missouri BotanicalGarden) indicated the political importance of suchrelationships and the how timely it is to startdeveloping them with Cuban institutions.

FAMILY FROLIC IN THE TROPICSThe first Family Frolic in the Tropics, a fund-raising, fun event was held at the MissouriBotanical Garden on Wednesday, January 302002. The event included a flashlight scavengerhunt in the Climatron, mask making, games and atheatre performed by the education staff at the SaintLouis Zoo. The organizing committee for this eventwas chaired by Julie Cowhey with support fromPam Trapp, Doug Wolter, David Shores, Dr.John M. MacDougal and Olga Martha Montiel.The sponsors of the event were Just Like MagicCatering, Pine Valley Spring Water Company,Ronnoco Coffee Company, Mount PleasantWinery, Spicer's 5 & 10 Inc., Wild Oats Market,Really Big Coloring Books, Inc., Saint Louis Zooand St. Louis County Parks Department. TheMissouri Botanical Garden hosted the event andplayed a key role in its organization. Funds raised atthe event will support graduate student research.

NEW OFFICES FOR ICTEThe ICTE has moved into a new offices andconference room in Benton Hall (Benton 216). Thesuite includes offices for the Executive Director,ICTE Secretary and a visiting scientist, conferenceroom and storage space. The telephone number forPatrick Osborne remains unchanged (314-516-5219) but the ICTE Secretary, Brenda West-Ammons can now be reached on 314-516-4246.

Please send future contributions to Dr. Patrick Osborne,ICTE, University of Missouri-St. Louis, 8001 NaturalBridge Road, St. Louis, MO 63121 (Email:osbornepl@msx.umsl.edu; FAX: 314-516-6233).

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Dr. Russell Mittermeier with ICTE graduate students Jaynie Doerr, Adriana Rodriguez, Andrea Loazya, WendyTori and Karina Boege at the World Ecology Award dinner (Photo: Margaret Rambo).

Robert R. Hermann, Chair, ICTE Advisory Board, Chancellor Blanche Touhill, Harrison Ford and Dr. PeterRaven, Director, Missouri Botanical Garden at the World Ecology Award dinner (Photo: Margaret Rambo).

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Dr. Bette Loiselle, Director, International Center for Tropical Ecology, Chancellor Blanche Touhill, HarrisonFord and Dr. Patrick Osborne, Executive Director, International Center for Tropical Ecology at the WorldEcology Award dinner held at the Missouri Botanical Garden (Photo: Margaret Rambo).

Dr. Russell Mittermeier, President, Conservation International, Carole Kroeger, Board Member, The NatureConservancy-Missouri Chapter, Hal Kroeger, Vice-Chair, International Center for Tropical Ecology AdvisoryBoard, Dr. Peter Raven, Director, Missouri Botanical Garden and Dr. Patricia Raven at the World EcologyAward dinner held at the Missouri Botanical Garden on May 9, 2002 (Photo: Margaret Rambo).

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INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR TROPICAL ECOLOGYat the University of Missouri-St. Louis

DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY8001 NATURAL BRIDGE ROAD

ST. LOUIS, MO 63121

If you do not wish to continue receiving thisnewsletter, please contact the ICTE officeTelephone: 314-516-5219,Email: icte@umsl.edu.