harps-n@tng: the gaps programme · ‘la ricerca dei pianeti extrasolari in italia’ inaf-rome, 5...

‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014

HARPS-N@TNG:

The GAPS Programme

A. Sozzetti (INAF – Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino)

On behalf of the GAPS Team


• GAPS, Global Architecture of Planetary Systems, is a long-term programme for the comprehensive characterization of the architectural properties of planetary systems as a function of the hosts’ characteristics (mass, metallicity, environment).

• GAPS has been approved by Italian TNG TAC: – AOT 26 (Aug 2012-Jan 2013): 36 nights – AOT 27 (Feb 2013-Jul 2013): 40 nights

+ long-term status proposal approved for 2 years. till Feb 2015

The GAPS Project

INAF Guidelines to TAC: to dedicate ~80

nights/year of TNG to a large coordinated

effort of the Italian community willing to study

exoplanets with HARPS-N.


~ 61 INAF and associated scientists in Italy;

~16 scientists from foreign institutes.

Wide range of expertise

– High resolution spectroscopy

– Stellar rotation and activity

– Crowded stellar environments

– Formation of planetary systems

– Planetary dynamics

The GAPS Team


GAPS Team Organization


GAPS Science Themes


GAPS in a Nutshell

• Similar completeness levels

• Some 4200 spectra

• 1245 hrs of observing

• 4 papers published

• 2 new planets discovered

• Several interesting candidates

• A handful of papers in prep.

• Over a dozen planned through Summer 2015

HARPS/ESO GTO surveys statistics after two years:

- 100 nights/yr, 800 stars, only discovery mode - 4 papers published - 7 planets discovered, 1 low-mass


M-Dwarfs Planet Search

• A HARPS-N search for Neptunes and Super-Earths (M < 20 M⊕) around a sample of M0-M2 stars.

• To derive the frequency of short-period (P < 100 d) low-mass planets in the low stellar mass regime

• To compare it to published results.

• To characterize the architecture of planetary systems as a function of stellar mass for useful comparison with theoretical model predictions.

• To characterize the impact of stellar activity in fully convective stars.

• ~100 stars selected from the INAF-led APACHE transit survey catalog.

• A synergistic effort with an analogous program on Spanish time at TNG (GAPS-EXOTEAM MoU)


M Star Sample Statistics


‘False’ Detections

But:


Emerging Strong Candidates

No BIS-RV corr. APACHE: ~8d Ca S-index: 16d

BIS-RV: no corr. A second peak at 30 d likely induced by stellar activity Photometrically ‘quiet’ (Serra La Nave data)

Affer et al. In prep.


Metalpoor Planet Search

• A HARPS-N search for Neptunes and Super-Earths (M < 20 M⊕) around a sample of moderately (−1.0 < [Fe/H] < −0.5 approximately) metal-poor stars.

• To derive the frequency of Neptunes and Super-Earths (P < 100 d) in the metal-poor regime

• To compare it to published results for solar metallicity stars.

• To characterize the architecture of planetary systems as a function of stellar metallicity for useful comparison with theoretical model predictions.

• 60 stars selected from the Keck/HIRES metal-poor sample.

• Cross-talk with the ESO/HARPS LP


RV rms Distribution


Emerging Results

Sensitivity Limits: very well in line with the goals of the program

Exoplanet detections: several short-period candidates under follow-up


OC Planet Search

• Open Clusters (OCs): ages, metallicites and distances, as well as stellar masses and radii more precise than for field stars

• Role of dynamical and chemical environment on planet formation

• Ultimate goal: direct estimate of frequency of close-in planets in OCs

• Chosen M44 (younger) and NGC 752 (older), membership and sample selection of ~120 slowly rotating F-G-K members


A Long-Period Companion to OC102

Malavolta et al. In prep.


Targets for Follow-up


• Derive the orbital obliquity for a range of planet and host properties (i.e. Porb, Mp, M*, age)

• Characterize orbits and physical properties of transiting systems containing hot GPs (thanks to synergy with KP program)

• Address planetary orbit evolution issues, and find clues to migration mechanisms and star-planet tidal interactions

Rossiter-McLaughlin Effect Program

‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014 24-25 October 2013 Transit duration: ~1.62 hours

vsin i=1.7±0.3 km/s = -7 ± 8 deg

2012 Sep 03

Covino et al. (2013) A&A 554, 28

P =1.42002449

±0.0000010 d


GAPS III. HAT-P-18b retrograde orbit

HARPS-N RM-effect data

λ = 168 ± 30

Phot. data from

1.5 @ Loiano (LMa)

VsinI =1.4 ±0.5

Phot. from 1.5m@Loiano

Porb ~ 5.5 d

Mp ~ 0.2 MJ Rp~1.0 RJ Host: V~12.8 K7V Teff=4860±70K

logg =4.5±0.1 [Fe/H]= 0.11 ±0.09

Esposito et al. 2014 A&A 564 L13


New R-M Effect Results

Retrograde system with a half-

Jupiter mass planet transiting a

solar-mass star on 4.3d orbit

vsinI = 3.3 km/s

λ = -120 ± 15

Aligned system with a Jupiter-

mass planet transiting a low-

mass star on 1.3d orbit

λ = 10 ± 20

VsinI = 2.0 km/s

14 targets successfully observed. See Covino’s talk


Three components:

•Stars with long period giant planets (search for low mass planets in close orbits, i.e. scaled solar system analogs).

Complementary to the ongoing HARPS/ESO program

•A small sample of stars with known planetary systems for further characterization

•Transiting planets (system characterization, search for additional planets)

Known Planets Program


No giant planets around the very metal poor star HIP 11952.

Desidera, Sozzetti et al. 2013, A&A, 554, A29

Killing Planet (KP) program Early results: HIP 11952

4/4/13 GAPS PM2

22


A Planetary System For XO-2S

Desidera, Bonomo, Claudi et al. 2014, A&A, 567, L6:

Two giant planets around the southern component!

http://www.media.inaf.it/2014/07/02/gemelli-diversi/

K1=58 m/s

P1=18 d

K2=20 m/s

P2=120 d

rms=3 m/s


XO-2 Global System Analysis (Damasso et al., in prep.)

Stellar rotation periods (from APACHE) Long-term trend in the RVs of XO-2N

Differential Abundance Analysis

Determination of activity levels


The Curious Case of...

Now the second lowest-density transiting Hot Jupiter known!

Sozzetti, Bonomo, Biazzo et al. In prep.


A low-mass planet candidate around a stars hosting a long-period giant planet

A Low-Mass Planet Candidate

K dwarf with low amplitude variations in

residuals (rms 2.37 m/s)

Periodicity at 12.4d. FAP<1/10000

No correlation with activity and line profiles


a) The characterization of the tidal interaction between the

planets and their host stars

b) The impact of star-planet interactions on stellar activity

c) The betterment of relevant physical parameters

(masses, radii, rotation periods, differential rotation, ages)

d) Sample selection: a few planet-hosting stars.

SPI-Asteroseismic Program


Tau Boo - Asteroseismology

HARPS-N + Literature

Asteroseismic approach preserves the

possibility to improve the orbit of the

planet around Tau Boo.

At the same time, high-

quality, fast-cadence 1-min

exposures allowed us to

detect very small fluctuations,

probably due to solar-like

oscillations.

The final goal is to demonstrate

asteroseismological approach

to infer stellar parameters.

Borsa et al. In prep.


HD 17156 - SPMI

• Coordinated HARPS-N@TNG (AOT30) and XMM-Newton observations of HD 17156 for testing the onset of SPMI effects at periastron in a system with a massive planet in a very eccentric orbit around a Sun-like star

• Target already part of the KP program

• Two HARPS-N spectra with very high S/N ratio obtained in Sep 2014

• Analysis ongoing


Take-Home Message

• HARPS-N@TNG is the state-of-the-art of high-res, high-prec. optical spectroscopy in the Northern hemisphere

• It can reproduce the successes obtained by HARPS-S in exoplanets science (and stellar astrophysics), and it’s easily accessible to the Italian community

• It does require a very large investment in observing time -> strategic thinking and decision-making approach

• It acted as catalyst for GAPS, that is demonstrating it in turn to be a very successful undertaking

harps-n@tng: the gaps programme · ‘la ricerca dei pianeti extrasolari in italia’ inaf-rome, 5...

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