harmonization of dose expression - eppo.int · why lwa ? • logical and commonly accepted rule:...
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Harmonization of dose expressionDose conversion and adjustment
Greg Doruchowski - InHort, PL
EPPO Panel on Efficacy Evaluation of Fungicides and InsecticidesBarcelona, 28 November 2017
on behalf of Expert Working Group:
Frank Meier-Runge - ECPA
Santiago Planas - Univ. de Lleida, ES
Patricia Chueca - IVIA, ES
Antonio Miranda Fuentes - Univ. de Córdoba, ES
Sébastien Codis - VigneVin, FR
Paolo Marucco - DISAFA, IT
Elena Gutiérrez - INIA, ES
Evangelos Ch. Karanasios - BPI, GR
Maria da Assunção Prates - DGAV, PT
Riccardo Bugiani - Regione E-R, IT
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Field crops:
ground area = treated crop area
Orchards / vineyards / plantations:
ground area ≠ treated plant area
L/ha ground = L/ha treated crop area
L/ha ground ≠ L/ha treated crop area
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Field crops:
ground area = treated crop area
Orchards / vineyards / plantations:
ground area ≠ treated plant area
L/ha ground = L/ha treated crop area
L/ha ground ≠ L/ha treated crop area
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Fruit growing – 3D crops
Calibration formula:
Spray volume =nozzle flow rate * numer of nozzles * 600
working width * travel velocity
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Fruit growing – 3D crops
Calibration formula:
Spray volume =nozzle flow rate * numer of nozzles * 600
working width * travel velocity
treated canopy height
row spacing
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Fruit growing – 3D crops
Calibration formula:
Spray volume =nozzle flow rate * numer of nozzles * 600
working width * travel velocity
treated canopy height
row spacing
Spray volume LOW TREES < Spray volume HIGH TREES
Spray volume WIDE SPACING < Spray volume NERROW SPACING
Constant spray liquid deposit
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Fruit growing – 3D crops
Dose recommendation:
PPP dose/ha ground LOW TREES < PPP dose/ha ground HIGH TREES
PPP dose/ha ground WIDE SPACING < PPP dose/ha ground NERROW SPACING
Constant PPP initial deposit
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Fruit growing – 3D crops
Dose recommendation:
PPP initial deposit LOW TREES > PPP initial deposit HIGH TREES
PPP initial deposit WIDE SPACING > PPP initial deposit NERROW SPACING
Constant dose/ha ground
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dose expressionPPP mass or volume unit (kg or L) linked to a certain reference unit
dose adjustmentdetermination (reduction or increase) of the PPP dose to obtain:
➢ sufficient level of PPP deposit to achieve an expected efficacy underspecific circumstances (canopy size and density, application method, controlled organism, pest/pathogen pressure, climatic factors)
➢ minimum variation in PPP deposit across a wide range of crop structures,
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Reference units in the EU:
• ground area
• spray volume (concentration %)
• canopy height - CH
• leaf wall area - LWA
• tree row volume - TRV
• plant row
dose expressionPPP mass or volume unit (kg or L) linked to a certain reference unit
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Reference units in the EU:
• ground area
• spray volume (concentration)
• canopy height - CH
• leaf wall area - LWA
• tree row volume - TRV
• plant row
dose expressionPPP mass or volume unit (kg or L) linked to a certain reference unit
kg or L/ha ground
DK, FI, LT ● CZ, HU, PL, SI, SK, UK ● FR
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dose expressionPPP mass or volume unit (kg or L) linked to a certain reference unit
Reference units in the EU:
• ground area
• spray volume (concentration)
• canopy height - CH
• leaf wall area - LWA
• tree row volume - TRV
• plant row
kg or L/100 L spray volume (%)+ spray volume (max)
and/or + max dose/ha ground
DK, FI, LT ● NL ● ES, GR, HR, IT, PT
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dose expressionPPP mass or volume unit (kg or L) linked to a certain reference unit
Reference units in the EU:
• ground area
• spray volume (concentration)
• canopy height - CH
• leaf wall area - LWA
• tree row volume - TRV
• plant row
kg or L/ha ground and m CH
CA
NO
PY
HEI
GH
T
- ● DE, AT, (PL), (SI) ● -
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dose expressionPPP mass or volume unit (kg or L) linked to a certain reference unit
Reference units in the EU:
• ground area
• spray volume (concentration)
• canopy height - CH
• leaf wall area - LWA
• tree row volume - TRV
• plant row
kg or L/10 000 m2 LWA
CA
NO
PY
HEI
GH
T
LWA = 2 * canopy height [m]
* 10 000 m2
row spacing [m]
(LT) ● BE, (PL), (SI), (AT) ● -
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dose expressionPPP mass or volume unit (kg or L) linked to a certain reference unit
Reference units in the EU:
• ground area
• spray volume (concentration)
• canopy height - CH
• leaf wall area - LWA
• tree row volume - TRV
• plant row
kg or L/10 000 m3 TRV
TRV = canopy height [m] * canopy width [m]
* 10 000 m2
row spacing [m]
CA
NO
PY
HEI
GH
T
WIDTH
CH
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dose expressionPPP mass or volume unit (kg or L) linked to a certain reference unit
Reference units in the EU:
• ground area
• spray volume (concentration)
• canopy height - CH
• leaf wall area - LWA
• tree row volume - TRV
• plant row
kg or L/100 m tree row
NO, SE ● - ● -
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Reference units in the EU:
• ground area DK, FI, LT, CZ, HU, PL, SI, SK, UK, FR
• spray volume (concentration %) ES, GR, HR, IT, PT, DK, FI, LT, NL,
• canopy height – CH DE, AT, (PL, SI)
• leaf wall area – LWA BE, (LT, PL,SI, AT)
• tree row volume - TRV CH
• plant row NO, SE
dose expressionPPP mass or volume unit (kg or L) linked to a certain reference unit
Regulation (EC) 1107/2009 (entry into force: 14 June 2011) => PPP registration issues:➢ zonal efficacy evaluation (collective evaluation of trials within the EPPO zones)➢ mutual recognition of PPP authorizations➢ labeling (with dose expression as used in the RR and max dose [kg-L/ha]) at
national level
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Zonal efficacy trials => Trial reports: reference units and crop structure parameters
Zonal efficacy evaluation (BAD / dRR) => RR & Final Conclusion
National assessment =>
registration with label
recommendation
Farmers’ practice
National assessment =>
registration with label
recommendation
Farmers’ practice
National assessment =>
registration with label
recommendation
Farmers’ practice
advice for farmers advice for farmers advice for farmers
mutual recognition
mutual recognition
HARMONISABLE
national legislation * local practice * growers’ awareness and preferences
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Harmonisation
EPPO General Standard PP 1/239 (2) Efficacy evaluation of plant protection products Dose expression for plant protection products
• „… dose should be expressed in a format that is readily understood by users”
• reference units for 3D crops listed and discussed ground area spray volume (concentration %) canopy height - CH leaf wall area - LWA tree row volume - TRV plant row
• crop structure parameters that need to be measured and recorded➢ cropping system (single or multiple rows);➢ distance between rows ➢ distance between plants in the row➢ treated foliage height➢ mid-width of the canopy➢ BBCH growth stage at application
as well as:➢ actual applied spray volume ➢ information on the application equipment
• interconvertability between dose expressions for mutual recognition
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CENTRAL SOUTH
Industry data (WOHLHAUSER, R., 2012 after Bayer CropScience AG)
Why LWA ?
Common denominatorwell represents diverse pome fruit structures
Apple + pear: distribution of LWA in the EU registration zones
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Why LWA ?
Mean initial deposits obtained in 31 trials in apple orchards
r²=0.953
(KOCH, H. and WEISSER, P., 1995)
Strong positive linear correlation between dose per unit area and deposit on targets in orchards
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Accurate MED setting
Hard to set accurate dose
Why LWA ?
Industry data (WOHLHAUSER, R., 2012
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Why LWA ?
• logical and commonly accepted rule:dose related to the target
• good representation of diverse crop structures
• good correlation with deposit
• accurate determination of MED.
• easy comparision of efficacy data from individual trials
• simple and intuitive – fair chance to be accepted by applicators
• perfect tool for direct (systemic) dose adjustment
95 kg
50 kg
20 kg
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Why LWA ?
Distribution of LWA by crops – all zones
max dose/ha ground on PPP label => LWA = 18 000 m2/ha (r.w.c.)
LWA = 18 000 m2/ha Canopy Height (CH)
= 0,9Row Spacing (RS)
3,0 m
3,5 m
MAX dose
LWA = 18 000 m2/ha
CH/RS = 0,9
Industry data (WOHLHAUSER, R., 2012 after Bayer CropScience AG)
2,0 m
3,5 m
MAX dose - 35%
LWA = 11 400 m2/ha
CH/RS = 0,6
MAX dose - 50%
1,5 m
3,5 m
LWA = 9 000 m2/ha
CH/RS = 0,45
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Harmonisation
EPPO General Standard PP 1/239 (2) Efficacy evaluation of plant protection products Dose expression for plant protection products
EPPO Standard PP1/239(2) after: Frießleben et al.,2007.
Dose convertion diagram Appendix 1
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Excel Tool for dose conversion
• request from Organising Committee of EPPO Workshop:
develop and make available the tool for conversion of dose between differentexpressions according to the scheme of the EPPO standard PP 1/239 (2)
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Excel Tool for dose conversion & adjustment
• request from Organising Committee of EPPO Woprkshop
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Post-Workshop EWG – Dose Conversion and Adjustment
Frank Meier-Runge - ECPA
Santiago Planas - Univ. de Lleida, ES
Patricia Chueca - IVIA, ES
Antonio Miranda Fuentes - Univ. de Córdoba, ES
Sébastien Codis - VigneVin, FR
Paolo Marucco - DISAFA, IT
Elena Gutiérrez - INIA, ES
Evangelos Ch. Karanasios - BPI, GR
Maria da Assunção Prates - DGAV, PT
Riccardo Bugiani - Regione E-R, IT
Greg Doruchowski - InHort, PL
Excel Tool for dose conversion & adjustment
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thank you ;-)
EPPO Workshop on harmonized dose expression for the zonal evaluation of plant protection products in high growing crops - Vienna, 18/20 October, 2016