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HARLANS SEMINARNaval Engineering
Concepts and Research Topics
HARLANS SEMINARHARLANS SEMINARNaval EngineeringNaval Engineering
Concepts and Research TopicsConcepts and Research Topics
Howard FiremanHoward FiremanDirector, Future Concepts & Surface Ship DesignDirector, Future Concepts & Surface Ship Design
3 November 20063 November 2006
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• Current Navy– 281 ships in our fleet– Fleet Response Program stresses them all– Our Job: Fix them quickly, get them back on line, tackle the HARD
issues
• Next Navy– 29 Major design, conversion projects – $13 + billion per year– Our Job: Correct, accurate designs: review approve, certify
• Navy After Next– “What – if” studies for the Navy’s leadership – Satisfy the needs 20-50 years in the future– Our Job : Think out of the box; be the world leader
BackgroundBackgroundEngineerEngineer’’s View: There are really s View: There are really threethree NaviesNavies
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Retirements
RetirementRetirementss
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 2055 2060 2065
Year
Num
ber o
f Shi
ps in
Act
ive
Serv
ice
Current Navynow
Operational
Navy After Next
Next Navynow
Programmed
BackgroundBackgroundRetirementsRetirements
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For Joint Forces
Continuous support
Sustainment
Force protection
No land base reliance
Joint Combat Power From the SeaRapid Deployment Assembly Command
Projection Reconstitution Re-employment
SpeedSpeed……
AccessAccess……
PersistencePersistence…………
Navy Mission & Forces For ExecutionNavy Mission & Forces For ExecutionNavy Mission & Forces For Execution
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Sea Base1. Carrier Strike Group (CSG)2. Expeditionary Strike Group (ESG)3. Maritime Prepositioning Group (MPG)4. Combat Logistics Force (CLF)5. Vert/Surface Connectors: Joint High Speed
Ship (JHSS), Joint High Speed Vessel (JHSV), Assault Connectors (JMAC, EFV), Air-lift
6. Sister Service and Coalition Forces Ships
Carrier Strike Group
Expeditionary Strike Group
Combat Logistics Force Ships
Connectors
Sister Service and Coalition Forces Ships
Maritime Prepositioning Group (MPG) = MPF(F) + Embarked Force
ComponentsComponentsComponents
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Tomorrow’s Navy –5 Year Shipbuilding Budget
TomorrowTomorrow’’s Navy s Navy ––5 Year Shipbuilding Budget5 Year Shipbuilding Budget
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Navy After Next? –30 Year Shipbuilding Plan
Navy After Next? Navy After Next? ––30 Year Shipbuilding Plan30 Year Shipbuilding Plan
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Ongoing Surface Ship DesignsOngoing Surface Ship DesignsOngoing Surface Ship Designs
• Concept / Feasibility Studies– MPFF (Sea Basing)
» MLP» T-AKE Mod» LHA Mod» LHD Mod» LMSR Mod/Repeat
– JHSS– JHSV– LHA(R) Flt 1– CGX– JMAC– T-Craft (ONR)
• Preliminary / Contract Design– CVN 78– T-AGM(R)– E-Craft (ONR)
• Detail Design/Construction– DDX– DDG 51– LCS Flt 0 LM– LCS Flt 0 GD– CVN 77– CVN 78– LHD 8– LPD 17– LHA 6– T-AKE 1
• Major Modernizations– CVN 70 RCOH– CVN 71 RCOH– DDG Modernization– LCAC SLEP
• Recently Completed (FY05)– X-Craft (ONR)– CVN 69 RCOH
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Ongoing Submarine DesignsOngoing Submarine DesignsOngoing Submarine Designs
• Concept / Feasibility Studies– SSBN(X)– Missile Defense Agency SSBN
Conversion– DARPA/NAVY Tango Bravo
Initiatives
• Preliminary / Contract Design– HOV Replacement (ALVIN
Replacement)– VIRGINIA Class Flexible Payload
Module– VIRGINIA Class Major Cost
Reduction
• Detail Design/Construction– SSN 774– SSGN Conversion– SRDRS
• Modernization– ASDS Reliability Build
• Recently Completed (FY05)– SSN 23– ASDS Boat 1– Atmospheric Dive Suit– VIRGINIA Class Multi-Mission
Module Concept Design
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CharacteristicsLength 600 ftBeam 79.1 ft Draft 27.6 ftSpeed 30 kt
CharacteristicsLength 600 ftBeam 79.1 ft Draft 27.6 ftSpeed 30 kt
Integrated Power System(2) Main Turbine Generators (MTG)(2) Auxiliary Turbine Generators (ATG)(2) 34.6 MW Advanced Induction MotorsIntegrated Fight Through Power
Integrated Power System(2) Main Turbine Generators (MTG)(2) Auxiliary Turbine Generators (ATG)(2) 34.6 MW Advanced Induction MotorsIntegrated Fight Through Power
SuperstructureComposite structure
SuperstructureComposite structure
Weapons(80) AVLS cells(2) AGS 155 mm guns (920) 155 mm rounds (320 convertible)(2) 57 mm Close In GunsTorpedo Defense (Space Reservation)Anti-Terrorism (Space Reservation)
Weapons(80) AVLS cells(2) AGS 155 mm guns (920) 155 mm rounds (320 convertible)(2) 57 mm Close In GunsTorpedo Defense (Space Reservation)Anti-Terrorism (Space Reservation)
Boats(2) 7m RHIBs (sized for (2) 11m RHIBs)
Boats(2) 7m RHIBs (sized for (2) 11m RHIBs)
AviationMH60R and (3) VTUAVs(Capacity for 2 MH 60Rs)
AviationMH60R and (3) VTUAVs(Capacity for 2 MH 60Rs)
SensorsDual Band Radar• S-Band VSR• X-Band MFRHF & MF Bow Sonar ArraysMulti-Function Towed ArrayEO/IR SystemES System
SensorsDual Band Radar• S-Band VSR• X-Band MFRHF & MF Bow Sonar ArraysMulti-Function Towed ArrayEO/IR SystemES System
HullWave-piercing tumblehome
HullWave-piercing tumblehome
Displacement 14,564 LTInstalled Power 78 MWCrew Size 142 (incl. Aviation detachment)
Displacement 14,564 LTInstalled Power 78 MWCrew Size 142 (incl. Aviation detachment)
DDG 1000 Flight 1 Physical DesignDDG 1000 Flight 1 Physical DesignDDG 1000 Flight 1 Physical Design
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DDG 1000 Engineering Development Models
DDG 1000 Engineering DDG 1000 Engineering Development ModelsDevelopment Models
Advanced Gun System (AGS)• Initial guided flight testing completed• Firing rate testing completed
Integrated CompositeDeckhouse & Apertures (IDHA)• RCS testing completed• Co-site testing completed
Peripheral Vertical Launch System (PVLS)• Two detonation tests conducted• Missile restrained firing testing completed
Total Ship ComputingEnvironment (TSCE)• Authorized Releases 1 and 2• SR3 System Acceptance Testing Complete• SR3 Authorization Panel Oct 05
Integrated Power System (IPS)• Component factory
testing completed• Land-based
testing completed
Hull Form Scale Model• Model testing completed• CDR completed
Infrared Mockups (IR)• At-sea testing completed
Autonomic Fire SuppressionSystem (AFSS)• At-sea weapons effect fire
suppression demonstration
Dual Band Radar (DBR)• MFR land-based
testing completed
Integrated Undersea Warfare (IUSW)• At-sea mine avoidance testing completed• Automation testing completed
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Transforming the NavyTransforming the NavyTransforming the Navy
Fleet upgrades- Carriers- DDGs- Other
Anti Access Littoral focused:
- Mines - Small boat defense - Diesel subs
Complementary
Balanced
Total
Force
CG(X)
DD(X)
Technologies
Technologies
Technologies
Littoral Combat Ship
Technologies
R&D for seaframe& mission modules
Missile defense
Precision strike and volume fires for assured access and maneuver warfare
TECHNOLOGIES WARFARECAPABILITIES
Dist
ribut
ed / N
etwo
rked
Missile defensetechnology
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ICD - INITIAL CAPABILITIES DOCUMENTCDD - CAPABILITIES DEVELOPMENT DOCUMENTAOA - ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVESSCN - SHIPBUILDING AND CONVERSION, NAVY
SYSTEM CRITICAL DESIGN REVIEW (CDR)SHOULD PRECEDE
SHIP PRELIMINARY DESIGN REVIEW (PDR)
SYSTEM CRITICAL DESIGN REVIEW (CDR)SHOULD PRECEDE
SHIP PRELIMINARY DESIGN REVIEW (PDR)
System Development and Ship Acquisition
System Development and System Development and Ship AcquisitionShip Acquisition
CD A BMILESTONE
1-3 1-3 2-4 4-7REQUIREMENTSTIMELINE
(YEARS) ICD
ROMSTUDIES
CONCEPT &FEASIBILITY
STUDIESAOA
CAPABILITIESDEV
PRELIMINARY& CONTRACTSHIP DESIGN
SUB-SYSTEMSDEVELOPMENT
DETAIL DESIGN& CONSTRUCTIONSHIP
ACQUISITIONPHASE
FUNCTIONALAREA
ANALYSIS Lead Ship Contract AwardIDENTIFYCRITICAL
TECHNOLOGIESLEAD SHIP
SHIP PRODUCTION
CDD
CDRPDR
System CDR
System PDR
SYSTEMDEVELOPMENT
PHASES
AOASYSTEM RFP
DEVELOPMENT
TRL 8TRL 7TRL 6TRL 5
SHIP REQUIREMENTS SHIP DESIGN
Science & Technology FNC
2018
SystemAcquisitio
nBudgeting
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Technology Transfer:A Continuous ProcessTechnology Transfer:Technology Transfer:
A Continuous ProcessA Continuous Process• TRL 1 and 2
– Educate Program Offices and Technical Warrant Holders on Potential for Technology
• TRL 3– Start Risk Management
• TRL 4– Start addressing impact on system and
ship design and integration processes• TRL 5
– Provide Initial design and analysis tools with supporting data
– Identify Standards, Specifications, and other Design Processes impacted
– Identify impact on ship and fleet CONOPS• TRL 6
– Update and begin validation of design and analysis tools
– Integrate design and analysis tools into Government Design infrastructure
– Begin updating Standards, Specifications, and other design Processes
– Develop Cost Estimation, Manpower Estimation, and Reliability Estimation methods.
• TRL 7, 8 and 9– Complete validation of design and analysis tools –Complete updating Standards, Specifications, and other design Processes– Complete Cost Estimation, Manpower Estimation, and Reliability Estimation methods.
Provide the Right Knowledge to the Right People at the Right TimeProvide the Right Knowledge to the Right People at the Right Time
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Surface Ship Design GroupSurface Ship Design GroupSurface Ship Design Group
• Perform Ship Concept Development• Perform Ship Designs for all phases• National Shipbuilding Research Program• Small Business Innovative Research• Data Exchange Agreements• NATO Group on Ship Design and Mobility• University Liaison• Technology Transition• Stewardship of Ship Design
– Tools– Processes– Standards– Topside Design– Certification
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Specialized CapabilitiesSpecialized Capabilities
The Early Stage Design Challenge
Mission Capability >Signatures <Endurance >
Area / Volume >Buoyancy >
Stability >Propulsion Power >Power Production >
HVAC Capacity >Chilled Water Supply >
Etc, Etc, Etc >
Mission RequirementThreat LevelsMission Range & DurationRequired Area / VolumeWeightOperating & Damage ConditionsResistance and PropulsorsInstalled LoadsHVAC LoadsChilled Water DemandInitial & Consequential Requirements
In the concept phase, the designer must correctly predict the sum of the parts before most of the parts are known!
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FY 06 Concept StudiesFY 06 Concept StudiesFY 06 Concept Studies
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Done In-work Backlog
LPP 17 Variants
LSD(X)
One-off studies
Ship, Force and ArchConceptsCG(X) AoA
Joint Maritime AssualtConnector AoAAlternate Propulsion Study
T-AKE Fuel Tankage
Joint High Speed Vessel AoA
Joint High Speed Sealift
LHA(R) Options
Affordable Future FleetStudy
Determining the cost Determining the cost and performance ofand performance ofthe Navythe Navy--AfterAfter--NextNext
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R&D CostR&D Cost
CoCo--opopEngagementEngagement
SurvivabilitySurvivability
PeacetimePeacetimeFeaturesFeatures
StrikeStrike
AutomationAutomation
ManeuverabilityManeuverability
Reaction TimeReaction Time
SignaturesSignatures
ManningManningSeakeepingSeakeeping
MilitaryMilitaryEffectivenessEffectiveness
ProducibilityProducibilityComputerComputerArchitectureArchitecture
Deck WetnessDeck Wetness
SustainabilitySustainability
MarginsMargins
Future GrowthFuture Growth
MarginsMarginsEMCEMCRMARMA
ACQ CostACQ CostO&S CostO&S Cost
ILSILS
RiskRisk
CommonalityCommonality ReactionReactionTimeTime
SensorSensorFusionFusion
Life Cycle CostLife Cycle Cost
LiftLiftAT/FPAT/FP SpeedSpeed PayloadPayload
Aviation Aviation
Naval Ship ComplexityNaval Ship ComplexityNaval Ship Complexity
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Types of ModularityTypes of ModularityTypes of Modularity
Capability Swapping Modularity -
Mission Packages
Bus Modularity Construction/DesignModularity
Component Sharing
Modularity
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Modular Adaptable ShipModular Adaptable ShipModular Adaptable Ship
MissionModule “A”
Module Station
Seaframe
MissionModule “B”
or
PH
CIC
Open Functional Zones Key Interfaces• Data & information (OACE)• Physical (Geometric & Tolerances)• Weight and CG / VCG• Services: Electrical, Air,Cooling• Piping connections• Monitoring & Control Sensors• Human Factors• Survivability/Vulnerability: shock,
vibration, EMI, EMC, etc.
• Modular C4I Zones • Modular Offboard Vehicle Zones• Modular Weapons Zones• Modular Sensors / Topside Zones• Modular Machinery Zones• Modular Human Support Zones• Other (SOF modules, ISR
modules)
Open Systems Architecture – Standard Interfaces
More Modular Ship Designs
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Pillars of Modular SystemsPillars of Modular SystemsPillars of Modular Systems
• System Engineering• Standard Interfaces• Open System Architecture
System Engineering Drives Standards and Open System Architecture
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Systems EngineeringSystems EngineeringSystems Engineering
Requirements Analysis
Functional Analysis / Allocation
Synthesis
TIMEVerification
Classic Systems Engineering Process Typical Interpretation
Analysis of Operational Req., Policy and Imposed Req.
Functional Analysis / Allocation
SynthesisTIME
Verification
ProductBaselineIdentify Derived
RequirementsIdentify DerivedRequirements
Actual Practice
Process continues for
each successiveProduct Baseline
System Analysisand Control
(Balance)Requirements
Analysis
FunctionalAnalysis
Allocation
Synthesis
RequirementsLoop
DesignLoopVerification
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High Power Mission SystemsHigh Power Mission SystemsPotential Future End StatePotential Future End State
Electromagnetic GunElectromagnetic Gun17 MJ on Target250 NM in 6 Minutes6-12 RPM15-30 MW High Energy LaserHigh Energy Laser
Enhanced Self DefensePrecision EngagementNo Collateral DamageMegawatt Class Laser
Organic Surveillance Drone10,000-15,000 FT Beam Power to AircraftMinimal Handling - No Refueling
Integrated Power SystemAffordable Power for Weapons and PropulsionPower Dense, Fuel Efficient PropulsionReduced SignaturesPower Conversion Flexibility
High Powered SensorCombination Sensor and WeaponHigh Powered Microwave100’s Kilowatt Powered Laser
All Electric AuxiliariesNo HydraulicsNo HP Gas SystemsReduced Sailor Workload
NO ENERGETICS NO ENERGETICS ABOARD SHIP!ABOARD SHIP!
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Ship’s Power Propulsion
Traditional
Electric Drivewith
Integrated Power
GEN
GEN
GEN
GEN
MtrMD
MtrMD
GENPrimeMover
GEN
GEN
PowerConversion
andDistribution
ReductionGear
PrimeMover
PrimeMover
PrimeMover
PrimeMover
PrimeMover
PrimeMover Prime
Mover
Integrated Power SystemsReduce Number of Prime Movers
Integrated Power SystemsIntegrated Power SystemsReduce Number of Prime MoversReduce Number of Prime Movers
PowerConversion
andDistribution
PrimeMover
PrimeMover
PrimeMover
ReductionGear
Offset cost of Motor Drives, Motors, additional Generators, and additional Power Conversion equipment by reducing the number of prime movers and eliminating reduction gears / CRP
Offset cost of Motor Drives, Motors, additional Generators, and additional Power Conversion equipment by reducing the number of prime movers and eliminating reduction gears / CRP
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Architectural FlexibilityArchitectural FlexibilityArchitectural Flexibility
Integrated Power System
Propulsion / Elec tri cal PowerMachinery Space
Intakes/Uptakes
Zones Without Propulsi on / Electr ical Power Spaces
Shaft Lin e
Diesel Mechanical System
12APR94G.CDRNH D: S EA 03R 2Rev 1 28 MAR 95
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INNOVATIVE PROPULSION TECHNOLOGY
INNOVATIVE PROPULSION INNOVATIVE PROPULSION TECHNOLOGYTECHNOLOGY
Superconducting DC Homopolar Motor
Super-C Hi-Temp AC Synchronous Motor
Electromagnetic Advanced Launching System
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Planning New Ship StudiesPlanning New Ship StudiesPlanning New Ship Studies
Planning
Design
Costing
Performance
CONOPS
Requirements
SelectBaseline(s)
UpdateBaseline
UpdateBaseline(s)
“Parallel - Serial Process”Design Space Study 3Design Space Study 2Design Space Study 1
“Classic”Design Spiral
is too slow!
“Classic”Design Spiral
is too slow!
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Early Stage Design AnalysisEarly Stage Design AnalysisEarly Stage Design Analysis
Future Concept Design processes will have an integrated tools architecture (ASSET, LEAPS, DoE,
COGENT, etc.)
From…Limited
Investigation of relatively few Design
Points
To…Full
Investigation of Concepts throughout the Design
Space
Total Ship Designs w/ FidelityFor Configuration & Technology
Tradeoffs
Integrated Product Model for Design and Analysis Applications
Design / Technology ImpactsThroughout Available
Design Space
Automated Reporting& Comparison Aids
Concept Comparison
Select window and type to add message.
View / EditThresholds Update Save As Exit
T45 #1 T45 #2 T45 #3
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Tool Integration and Technical Data ExchangeTool Integration and Technical Data ExchangeTool Integration and Technical Data ExchangeCombination of “Ship Certification Tools” and “Engineering and Technical Data Exchange”
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Future TrendsFuture TrendsFuture Trends• Large Workload • Alternative Propulsion and Fuels• Operationalizing the Naval Engineer
– Refinement of Navy Seabasing Concept – Affordable Fleet Architectures– Naval Ships as Naval Integrated Force
• CNO – 1000 Ship Navy Concept with Partner Nations• Technology Transition
– Automation Manning Reduction– Integrated Power Systems (Generation, Storage, Distribution)– Modularity (Ship Systems, Mission Systems, Production)– SEABASE Technology– Integration of Unmanned Systems– Hi Speed – Light Weight Vessels– Environmental Compliance– Advanced Engineering Tools
• Systems of Systems Engineering Process• Development of Ship Design Human Capital Strategy