Hard X-ray Properties of Water Maser GalaxiesEugenia Litzinger

University of Wurzburg & Dr. Karl Remeis-Observatory Bamberg/ECAP

J. Walther, M. Kadler, M. Langejahn, W.H. Baumgartner, N. Gehrels,C.B. Markwardt, J. Braatz, J. Wilms, M. Bock, K. Leiter

June 19, 2014

Eugenia Litzinger Water Masers at Hard X-rays 1 / 14

Water Maser

Overview

Water (H2O) emission at 22.2 GHz' 1.35 cmMicrowaveAmplification byStimulatedEmission ofRadiationcollisional pumping by X-ray sourceor shock waves⇒ inversepopulationMegamaser: L>10 L�

Imag

eco

urte

syof

NR

AO

/AU

Ian

dA

rtis

t:Jo

hnK

agay

a(H

oshi

No

Tech

ou).

Credit: J. Herrnstein, et. al., NRAO/AUI and CfA.

NGC 4258

Eugenia Litzinger Water Masers at Hard X-rays 2 / 14

Water Maser

Megamaser Cosmology Project

Greenhill+ 1997

NGC 4258

survey of AGN to search for watermaser emission, especially in acircumnuclear diskVLBI and single-dish observations162 maser galaxies detected; ∼20confirmed disk masers

Eugenia Litzinger Water Masers at Hard X-rays 3 / 14

Water Maser

Megamaser Cosmology Project

NGC 4258

2vr

2θ

Keplerian curvedetermination of MBH

geometrical distanceD = r/θa = v2r/rD = v2r/aθ+ disk modeling:=⇒ independent measurement ofH0 = 68.6±5.6 km/s/Mpc(Kuo+ 2011, Reid+ 2013)

Eugenia Litzinger Water Masers at Hard X-rays 3 / 14

Water Maser

What properties do maser galaxies have in X-rays?

diagnostic of conditionsaround BH with soft and hardX-raysconnection with radioemission, lags (inclination)?soft X-raysdetermination of NH: highfraction Compton thickvery complex models (seeposter F19 by K. Leiter)hard X-raysunaffected by absorption; lesscomplex models (?)

Eugenia Litzinger Water Masers at Hard X-rays 4 / 14

Water Maser

What properties do maser galaxies have in X-rays?

diagnostic of conditionsaround BH with soft and hardX-raysconnection with radioemission, lags (inclination)?

soft X-raysdetermination of NH: highfraction Compton thickvery complex models (seeposter F19 by K. Leiter)hard X-raysunaffected by absorption; lesscomplex models (?)

Eugenia Litzinger Water Masers at Hard X-rays 4 / 14

Water Maser

What properties do maser galaxies have in X-rays?

diagnostic of conditionsaround BH with soft and hardX-raysconnection with radioemission, lags (inclination)?soft X-raysdetermination of NH: highfraction Compton thick

very complex models (seeposter F19 by K. Leiter)hard X-raysunaffected by absorption; lesscomplex models (?)

Zhang+ 2006

Eugenia Litzinger Water Masers at Hard X-rays 4 / 14

Water Maser

What properties do maser galaxies have in X-rays?

diagnostic of conditionsaround BH with soft and hardX-raysconnection with radioemission, lags (inclination)?soft X-raysdetermination of NH: highfraction Compton thickvery complex models (seeposter F19 by K. Leiter)

hard X-raysunaffected by absorption; lesscomplex models (?)

Eugenia Litzinger Water Masers at Hard X-rays 4 / 14

Water Maser

What properties do maser galaxies have in X-rays?

diagnostic of conditionsaround BH with soft and hardX-raysconnection with radioemission, lags (inclination)?soft X-raysdetermination of NH: highfraction Compton thickvery complex models (seeposter F19 by K. Leiter)hard X-raysunaffected by absorption; lesscomplex models (?)

Eugenia Litzinger Water Masers at Hard X-rays 4 / 14

BAT

Sky Map

. BAT sources (70 month survey)

180◦

90◦

−180◦

−90◦

Eugenia Litzinger Water Masers at Hard X-rays 5 / 14

BAT

Sky Map

⋄ BAT detected maser sources (σ > 2.0)

◦ Maser sources

. BAT sources (70 month survey)

180◦

90◦

−180◦

−90◦

Eugenia Litzinger Water Masers at Hard X-rays 5 / 14

BAT

Detections

σ: 0.99+0.24−0.19

Center: 0.25+0.27−0.22

136 maser sources

76543210-1-2-3-4-5

20

15

10

5

0

76543210-1-2-3-4-5

BAT SNR [σ]

NumberofSources

Eugenia Litzinger Water Masers at Hard X-rays 6 / 14

BAT

Detections

σ: 0.99+0.24−0.19

Center: 0.25+0.27−0.22

136 maser sources

76543210-1-2-3-4-5

20

15

10

5

0

76543210-1-2-3-4-5

BAT SNR [σ]

NumberofSources

σ: 1.03 ± 0.07

Center: 0.03 ± 0.09

615 blank sky positions

76543210-1-2-3-4-5

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

76543210-1-2-3-4-5

BAT SNR [σ]

NumberofSources

Eugenia Litzinger Water Masers at Hard X-rays 6 / 14

BAT

Detections

σ: 0.99+0.24−0.19

Center: 0.25+0.27−0.22

136 maser sources

76543210-1-2-3-4-5

20

15

10

5

0

76543210-1-2-3-4-5

BAT SNR [σ]

NumberofSources

σ: 1.03 ± 0.07

Center: 0.03 ± 0.09

615 blank sky positions

76543210-1-2-3-4-5

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

76543210-1-2-3-4-5

BAT SNR [σ]

NumberofSources

σ: 1.08+0.29−0.22

Center: 0.02+0.31−0.26

blank sky rescaled to maser

76543210-1-2-3-4-5

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

76543210-1-2-3-4-5

BAT SNR [σ]

NumberofSources

Eugenia Litzinger Water Masers at Hard X-rays 6 / 14

BAT

Detections

σ: 0.99+0.24−0.19

Center: 0.25+0.27−0.22

136 maser sources

76543210-1-2-3-4-5

20

15

10

5

0

76543210-1-2-3-4-5

BAT SNR [σ]

NumberofSources

σ: 1.03 ± 0.07

Center: 0.03 ± 0.09

615 blank sky positions

76543210-1-2-3-4-5

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

76543210-1-2-3-4-5

BAT SNR [σ]

NumberofSources

σ: 1.08+0.29−0.22

Center: 0.02+0.31−0.26

blank sky rescaled to maser

76543210-1-2-3-4-5

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

76543210-1-2-3-4-5

BAT SNR [σ]

NumberofSources

69 detected sources

76543210-1-2-3-4-5

10

8

6

4

2

0

-2

76543210-1-2-3-4-5

BAT SNR [σ]

NumberofSources

Eugenia Litzinger Water Masers at Hard X-rays 6 / 14

BAT

Detections

σ: 0.99+0.24−0.19

Center: 0.25+0.27−0.22

136 maser sources

76543210-1-2-3-4-5

20

15

10

5

0

76543210-1-2-3-4-5

BAT SNR [σ]

NumberofSources

σ: 1.03 ± 0.07

Center: 0.03 ± 0.09

615 blank sky positions

76543210-1-2-3-4-5

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

76543210-1-2-3-4-5

BAT SNR [σ]

NumberofSources

σ: 1.08+0.29−0.22

Center: 0.02+0.31−0.26

blank sky rescaled to maser

76543210-1-2-3-4-5

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

76543210-1-2-3-4-5

BAT SNR [σ]

NumberofSources

69 detected sources

76543210-1-2-3-4-5

10

8

6

4

2

0

-2

76543210-1-2-3-4-5

BAT SNR [σ]

NumberofSources

55 sources with SNR>2

Eugenia Litzinger Water Masers at Hard X-rays 6 / 14

BAT

Detections

σ: 0.99+0.24−0.19

Center: 0.25+0.27−0.22

136 maser sources

76543210-1-2-3-4-5

20

15

10

5

0

76543210-1-2-3-4-5

BAT SNR [σ]

NumberofSources

σ: 1.03 ± 0.07

Center: 0.03 ± 0.09

615 blank sky positions

76543210-1-2-3-4-5

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

76543210-1-2-3-4-5

BAT SNR [σ]

NumberofSources

σ: 1.08+0.29−0.22

Center: 0.02+0.31−0.26

blank sky rescaled to maser

76543210-1-2-3-4-5

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

76543210-1-2-3-4-5

BAT SNR [σ]

NumberofSources

69 detected sources

76543210-1-2-3-4-5

10

8

6

4

2

0

-2

76543210-1-2-3-4-5

BAT SNR [σ]

NumberofSources

55 sources with SNR>2

see also poster F17 by M. Langejahn

Eugenia Litzinger Water Masers at Hard X-rays 6 / 14

BAT

Spectral Fitting

fitted spectra in the 20–100 keV range of BAT with a simplepower lawphoton index Γ well constrained for 30 sourcesdetermined the luminosity L20–100 keV

estimate for “bad” sources and upper limits for undetectedsources⇒ comparison with radio luminosities

Eugenia Litzinger Water Masers at Hard X-rays 7 / 14

BAT

Luminosity

LX vs. LH2O

weak correlation ρ=0.39comparable with soft X-rays(Kondratko et al. 2006)

LX vs. L20cm

stronger correlation ρ=0.54upper limits also follow thecorrelation

EstimateCalculated

6543210

13

12

11

10

9

8

7

6

log LH2O [L⊙]

logL

20−100keV[L

⊙]

EstimateCalculated

1615141312111098

13

12

11

10

9

8

7

6

log L20 cm [1012 W]

logL

20−100keV[L

⊙]

Eugenia Litzinger Water Masers at Hard X-rays 8 / 14

BAT

Luminosity

LX vs. LH2O

weak correlation ρ=0.39comparable with soft X-rays(Kondratko et al. 2006)

LX vs. L20cm

stronger correlation ρ=0.54upper limits also follow thecorrelation

EstimateCalculated

6543210

13

12

11

10

9

8

7

6

log LH2O [L⊙]

logL

20−100keV[L

⊙]

EstimateCalculated

1615141312111098

13

12

11

10

9

8

7

6

log L20 cm [1012 W]

logL

20−100keV[L

⊙]

Eugenia Litzinger Water Masers at Hard X-rays 8 / 14

BAT

Luminosity

Disk maserstrong correlation for radiocontinuum ρ=0.47no correlation for maser luminosity=⇒ variability, radio lags?

EstimateCalculated

6543210

13

12

11

10

9

8

7

6

log LH2O [L⊙]

logL

20−100keV[L

⊙]

EstimateCalculated

1615141312111098

13

12

11

10

9

8

7

6

log L20 cm [1012 W]

logL

20−100keV[L

⊙]

Eugenia Litzinger Water Masers at Hard X-rays 9 / 14

Comparison Sample

Are the maser galaxies special in hard X-rays?

Eugenia Litzinger Water Masers at Hard X-rays 10 / 14

Comparison Sample

Redshift

masers peak at low redshifts<0.02BAT AGN shifted towardshigher redshifts ∼0.03, all kindof AGN

better sample: AGN withsame classification

a)

KS-test: 9.8e-12Maser (55)BAT AGN (538)

0.050.040.030.020.010

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

Redshift z

NumberofSources

Eugenia Litzinger Water Masers at Hard X-rays 11 / 14

Comparison Sample

Redshift

masers peak at low redshifts<0.02BAT AGN shifted towardshigher redshifts ∼0.03, all kindof AGNbetter sample: AGN withsame classification

b)

KS-test: 0.0039Maser (55)Non-maser (31)

0.050.040.030.020.010

10

5

0

Redshift z

NumberofSources

Eugenia Litzinger Water Masers at Hard X-rays 11 / 14

Comparison Sample

Are the maser galaxies special in hard X-rays?

Water maser galaxies:mostly Seyfert 2thousands of galaxies surveyed: detection of 162 maser galaxies

Comparison sample: Zhang et al. 2012, A&A 538, A15289 nearby Seyfert galaxiesalready surveyed for H2O emission31 detected with BAT with σ > 4.8

Eugenia Litzinger Water Masers at Hard X-rays 12 / 14

Comparison Sample

Luminosity

compared in the 14–195 keVrangesimilar photon indicesmaser seem to be moreluminous

Maser (33)Non-maser (31)

454443424140

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

logL14−195 keV [erg s−1]

NumberofSources

Eugenia Litzinger Water Masers at Hard X-rays 13 / 14

Summary

Summarydetection of 55 maser sources in the BAT 70 month survey(significance>2σ)strong correlation between the hard X-rays and the radiocontinuum luminosity, also for disk-maserweak correlation between the hard X-rays and the maserluminosity, no correlation for disk-maser (variability?)maser tend to be more luminous than non-maser sources

Outlookpower law does not fit all maser spectra=⇒ combine hard X-ray spectra in the 14–195 keV range withsoft X-rays (2–10 keV; see poster by K. Leiter)checking variable sources in X-ray (XMM-Newton) and radio(GBT, VLA) for radio lags/connectionpossible detection of maser galaxies in the X-rays?

Eugenia Litzinger Water Masers at Hard X-rays 14 / 14