hap - renesans cz. 2
TRANSCRIPT
Renaissance (Part 2)
The Evolving Antiquity
Jacek Wesołowski, IAiU PŁ
Flemish and Dutch RenaissanceWillem van Oranje,
the 1st stadhouder of the United Provinces
Fernando Álvarez de Toledo,
Duca de Alba
1482-1549 – Habsburg Netherlands1549-1581 – Spanish Netherlandsunified autonomous realm of 17 provinces
The Southtill 1715 – Spanish Netherlands1715-1795 – Austrian Netherlands
The North1568-1648 – Eighty Years’ War1579 – Union of Utrecht (7 northern provinces)1581 - Staten Generaal declared no more recognition of Philip II as KingThe Dutch Republic (till 1795) 1648 – Peace of Westphalia: recognitionof independence of United Provinces
Gouda, Stadhuis, 1448-59, Jan III Keldermans
late Gothic: arched openings
Flemish & Dutch Renaissance
• Pieter Coecke van Aelst (1502-1550) published translations of Vitruvius and Serlio
• Hans Vredeman de Vries (1527-1606): Architectura (based partly on Coecke van Aelst), also collection of decorations published till 1577;
• other key figures: Harlem sculptor Lieven de Key (1560-1627) and
Amsterdam’s builder Hendrick de Keyser (1565- 1621)
Phases of the Dutch Renaissance style:
Early Renaissance (~1540-1600) Dutch Renaissance (~1600-15) Amsterdam Renaissance (~1615-40) Plain Amsterdam Renaissance (~1615-65)
Coecke van Aelst: triumphal arch for the Royal Entry to Antwerp of Philip II, future King of Spain, 1549
Pieter Coecke van Aelst: decoration for the Royal Entry to Antwerp of Philip II, future King of Spain, 1549
Cornelis Floris de Vriendt: Antwerp, Stadhuis, 1561-64
Tournai Cathedral: Rood Screen, 1574, Cornelis Floris de Vriendt
Hans Vredeman de Vries 1527-1609● Veelderleij dieverse termen op de V ordene der Edificien... (1565); ● Architectura (1577);
● Hortorum viridariorumque... formae (1583); ● Perspective (1604)
Hans Vredeman de Vries 1527-1609● Veelderleij dieverse termen op de V ordene der Edificien... (1565); ● Architectura (1577);
● Hortorum viridariorumque... formae (1583); ● Perspective (1604)
Hans Vredeman de Vries 1527-1609● Veelderleij dieverse termen op de V ordene der Edificien... (1565); ● Architectura (1577);
● Hortorum viridariorumque... formae (1583); ● Perspective (1604)
Early Amsterdam Renaissance
Gate to Agnietenkapel
(originally municipal lumber yard), 1571
Haarlem, Vleeshal, 1603, Lieven de Key
„Haarlem School”
Haarlem, Vleeshal, 1603, Lieven de Key
Rollwerk /Scrollwork
Haarlem, Vleeshal, 1603, Lieven de Key
Beschlagwerk /Strapwork
Leiden, Stadhuis, 1600+, Lieven de Key
Leiden, Stadhuis, 1600+, Lieven de Key
Amsterdam, 1550+ urban development
~1650
Westerkerk
Zuiderkerk
Noorderkerk
G R A C H T E N -
G O
R D
E L 1578-1665
Amsterdam, Westerkerk, 1620-31, Hendrick de Keyser
~1650
Amsterdam, Noorderkerk, 1620-23, Hendrick de Keyser
~1650
Delft, Stadhuis, 1618-20, Hendrick de Keyser
Amsterdam town houses
Singel 140-142 (H. de Keyser, ~1600)and OZ Voorburgwal 57 (1615)rare example of rich decoration
Plain Amsterdam Renaissance1615-1665
Early Amsterdam Renaissance1540-1600
German Renaissance
Heiliges Römisches Reich, 1547
Holy Roman Empire (Heiliges Römisches Reich): the capital city?
The Emperor (Kaiser): from 1440 title belonged to successive Habsburgs; seated in Vienna (except 1575-1612 in Prague, Rudolph II)Prince-Electors (Kurfürsten):• the Archbishop of Mayence• the Archbishop of Trier• the Archbishop of Cologne• King of Bohemia (Prague)• Margrave of Brandenburg (Berlin)• Count Palatine of the Rhine (except 1621-48, Heidelberg, Mannheim)• Duke of Saxony (Dresden)• Duke of Bavaria (from 1621, Munich)• Duke of Hanover (House of Brunswick-Lüneburg) – from 1692
Imperial Regalia (i.e. Crown, Lance and Sword) were kept in Nuremberg from 1423; from 1800 in Vienna
Elections were held in Frankfurt, coronation in Aix-la-ChapelleReichstag convened i.e. in Worms, Speyer, Nuremberg, from 1668 in
Regensburg onlyImperial Chamber Court (Reichskammergericht): 1527-1689 in Speyer;
1689-1806 in WetzlarCourt Council of the Empire (Reichshofrat): in Vienna
HRR Crown, west Germany, after 1150
German Renaissance: major centres
• Munich – from 1506 capital of unified Bavaria, seat of the Wittelsbach Dukes (electors since 1623)
• Stuttgart – from 1495 seat of the Dukes of Württemberg • Heidelberg – since 1155 seat of the Count Palatine of the
Rhine (Pfalzgraf bei Rhein); 1366 – foundation of the university;
• Brunswick – seat of the Dukes of Brunswick (House of Welf)• Berlin – seat of the Hohenzollerns, Margraves of
Brandenburg• Dresden – seat of the Wettins, Dukes of Saxony• Prague – seat of the Kings of Bohemia (nominal after 1526)• Vienna – seat of the Habsburgs, Archdukes of Austria, Kings
of Bohemia, Holy Roman Emperors
as well as some Free Imperial Cities (Freie Reichsstädte)
Free Imperial Cities (1648)
Aachen
Augsburg
Bremen
Köln
Dortmund
Frankfurt (Main)
Goslar
Hamburg
Heilbronn
Memmingen
Lindau
Lübeck
Kempten
Mühlhausen
Nordhausen
Nürnberg
Nördlingen
Offenburg
RegensburgRothenburg ob der Tauber
Ulm
Schw.Hall
Schw.Gmünd
Schweinfurt
Straßburg
Late German Gothic: Meissen, Albrechtsburg,
1471-1520
Late German Gothic: Church Architecture
Pirna (Saxony), Marienkirche, 1502-46
Pirna (Saxony), Marienkirche, 1502-46 Überlingen (Württ.), Münster, vaulting 1515+
Late German Gothic: Wolfenbüttel (nr Brunswick), Beatae Mariae Virginis,
1608+, Paul Francke
Pirna (Saxony), Marienkirche, 1502-46
one of the earliest Protestant churches built anew
Pirna (Saxony), Marienkirche, 1502-46Late German Gothic:
Cologne, Jesuitenkirche St. Mariä Himmelfahrt, 1618-78, Christoph Wamser
Pirna (Saxony), Marienkirche, 1502-46Late German Gothic: Cologne, Jesuitenkirche St. Mariä
Himmelfahrt, 1618-78, Christoph Wamser
Half-timbering: Provincial Towns
Hameln (nr Hanover), Stifsherrenhaus, 1558 →
↓ Miltenberg (Hesse), Marktplatz
Wolfenbüttel, city rebuilt 1542 →
Italian imports: Landshut, Stadtresidenz, 1537-41for Herzog Ludwig X; unknown Italian architects
Stadtresidenz
Burg Trausnitz
Italian imports: Landshut, Stadtresidenz, 1537-41
for Herzog Ludwig X; unknown Italian architects
rear elevation
Italian imports: Landshut, Stadtresidenz, 1537-41for Herzog Ludwig X; unknown Italian architects
Italienischer Saal
Italian influences: Stuttgart, Altes Schloss,
rebuilt 1553-78
Italian influences: Munich, Residenz
1581-891612-18
AntiquariumstraktGrotto
Italian influences: Munich, Residenz, c1700
Kaiserhof
Grottenhof
Brunnenhof
Italian influences: Munich, ResidenzAntiquarium, 1568-71, Jacopo Strada (reb. 1580-84, Fr. Sustris)
Italian influences: Munich, Residenz
Grotto, 1581-86, Friedrich Sustris
Italian influences: Munich, ResidenzKaiserhof, 1612-18, Hans Krumpper, Heinrich Schön
Italian influences: Munich, Jesuitenkirche St. Michael, 1583-97
allegedly world’s second longest span of barrel vault
Italian influences: Munich, Jesuitenkirche St. Michael, 1583-97
allegedly world’s second longest span of barrel vault
Italian influences: Munich, Jesuitenkirche St. Michael, 1583-97
Italian influences: Augsburg, Rathaus, 1615-24, Elias Holl
Perlachturm, 989+, 70m high
Italian influences: Augsburg, Rathaus, 1615-24, Elias Holl
Perlachturm
Italian influences: Augsburg, Rathaus,
Goldener Saal
Johann Matthias Kager
height: 14 m
German Emperors
City of Augsburg
Construction of the Town Hall
Sapientia
Italian influences: Augsburg, Rathaus, Goldener Saal, J. M. Kager
Sapientia
German Renaissance: Schloss Hartenfels, Torgau (Saxony)
rebuilding 1533+, Konrad Pflüger, Konrad Krebs,
for Kurfürst Friedrich III Wettin
the beginning of the German Renaissance: Schloss Heidelberg
seat of Elector Palatines (Pfalzgrafer u. Kurfürsten) until 1720
← Neckar
the beginning of the German Renaissance: Schloss Heidelberg
seat of Elector Palatines (Pfalzgrafer u. Kurfürsten) until 1720
the beginning of the German Renaissance: Schloss Heidelberg
seat of Elector Palatines (Pfalzgrafer u. Kurfürsten) until 1720
Ottheinrichsbau, 1556+
Friedrichsbau, 1602-07
the beginning of the German Renaissance: Schloss Heidelberg
seat of Elector Palatines (Pfalzgrafer u. Kurfürsten) until 1720
Ottheinrichsbau, 1556+Friedrichsbau, 1602-07
the beginning of the German Renaissance:
Schloss Heidelberg; Ottheinrichsbau, 1556+
German Renaissance:
Schloss Heidelberg; Friedrichsbau,
1602-07,Johannes Schoch
German Renaissance: Schloss Neuenstein (Swabia)rebuilding late 16C, Balthasar Wolff
German Renaissance: Dresdener Schlossextensions 1533++
German Renaissance: Dresdener Schlossextensions 1533++
German Renaissance:
Dresdener Schlossextensions 1533++
German Renaissance: Schloss Güstrow for Dukes of Mecklemburg
rebuilding and extension 1553++; Franz Parr (i.e.)
Wendel Dietterlin (1551-91): Architectura. Von Außtheilungs-Symmetria und Proportion der fünff Seulen, und aller daraus volgender Kunst Arbeit,
Nuremberg, 1598
Wendel Dietterlin (1551-91): Architectura. Von Außtheilungs-Symmetria und Proportion der fünff Seulen, und aller daraus volgender Kunst Arbeit,
Nuremberg, 1598
Dutch influences (Weser Renaissance):
Bremen, City Hall facade1608-12, Lüder von Bentheim
Weser Renaissance: Bremen,
City Hall facade1608-12, Lüder von
Bentheim
Dutch influences:
Bocholt (Rhineland), City Hall1618-24
Dutch influences:
Gate to Schloss Hohentübingen,
Tübingen (Swabia), 1607
German Renaissance, towards regularity:
Schloss Johannisburg, Aschaffenburg (Hesse); 1605-14, Georg Ridinger (for Archbishop of Mayence)
German Renaissance, towards regularity:
Schloss Johannisburg, Aschaffenburg (Hesse); 1605-14, Georg Ridinger (for Archbishop of Mayence)
German Renaissance, towards regularity:
Schloss Glückburg / Lyksborg Slot (Schleswig); 1582+
(for Herzog Johann III von Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg)
German Renaissance (Weserrenaissance):
Lemgo (Lippe), City Hall~1612-20, Hermann Roleff
ApothekenbauDutch ornamentation
German Renaissance (Weserrenaissance), timbering tradition:
Paderborn (Westphalia), City Hall1613-20, Hermann Baumhauer
Dutch ornamentation
German Renaissance, Italianising:
Leipzig (Saxony), City Hall1556+, Paul Speck, Paul Widemann
German Renaissance:
Heilbronn (Wurtt.), City Hall 1579+, Hans Kurz
German Renaissance:
Rothenburg ob der Tauber (Frankonia),
City Hall
German Renaissance:
Schweinfurt (Frankonia),
City Hall 1569–1572, Nikolaus
Hofmann
German Renaissance:
Altenburg (Thuringia),
City Hall 1561-64, Nikolaus Gromann
Görlitz
German Renaissance: City Halls - details
Gera
German Renaissance, town houses
Heidelberg, Haus zum Ritter, 1592+ Hameln, Leist-Haus, 1585-89
German Renaissance, town houses: Erfurt, Haus zum
Stockfisch, 1607+
German Renaissance, early social housing: Augsburg, Fuggerei, 1521+
Jacob Fugger 1459-1525
German Renaissance, early social housing: Augsburg, Fuggerei, 1521+;
67 houses, 140 flats; annual rent €0.88
Jacob Fugger 1459-1525
German Renaissance, early social housing:
Augsburg, Fuggerei, 1521+
Jacob Fugger 1459-1525
new concepts - Winkelkirche: Freudenstadt (Württ.), Stadtkirche
Fruedenstadt foundation: 1599 (Herzog Friedrich I. von Württemberg)
new concepts: Hanau (Hesse), Wallonisch-Niederländische Kirche
Hanau Neustadt foundation: 1604 (Graf Philipp Ludwig II. von Hanau-Münzenberg)
wallonische Kirche
niederländische Kirche
new concepts: pulpit in high altar
Weisdin (nr Neustrelitz)
1742-49
Czech Renaissance
• Vladislav II. Jagellonský 1471-1516• Ludvík Jagellonský 1516-1526 † Battle of Mohács (collapse of Hungary)
• Ferdinand I. Habsburk 1526-1564 x Anna Jagiellonská
• Maxmilián I. (Maximilian II.) Habsburk 1564-76• Rudolf II. Habsburk 1576-1611• Matyáš II. (Matthias) Habsburk 1611-1617• Ferdinand II. Habsburk 1617-1619, 1621-1637
Renaissance
Vladislavský sál (Pražský hrad) Benedikt Ried (Rejt) 1490-1502
Prague: Letohrádek královny Anny 1538–1565 Giovanni Spazio, Paolo della Stella, Bonifác Wohlmut
King Ferdinand I for Queen Anna Jagellonská
Zámek Bučovice 1575-85 Jacopo Strada
for Jan Šembera z Boskovic
Zámek Litomyšl 1560-81
Giovanni Battista Aostalli for Vratislav z Pernštejna
Prague, Schwarzenberský palác (Lobkovický palác) 1545-67, Agostino Galli (Vlach)
Telč townhouse
with sgraffito decoration
‘swallow tailed’ gable
Zámek Nelahozeves 1553-1610for the Lobkovic Family
Zámek Nelahozeves 1553-1610Bonifaz Wolmut
for Florian Griesbeck von Griesbach from Tirol; since 1623 owned by the Lobkowicz Family
Russian Renaissance
Moscow Kremlin: Грановитая Палата (Palace of the Facets), 1485-1491, Marco Ruffo and Pietro Solario
Moscow Kremlin: Грановитая Палата (Palace of the Facets), 1485-1491, Marco Ruffo and Pietro Solario
Moscow Kremlin,
Благовещенский собор 1484-89
Moscow Kremlin,
Успенский Собор 1475-79
Moscow Kremlin,
Архангельский собор
1505-08, Aleviz Fryazin Noviy (It.)
Moscow, St Basil’s Cathedral1555-61, Barma and Postnik (all.)
Moscow, St Basil’s Cathedral1555-61, Barma and Postnik (all.)
Tudor Style
English Renaissance - timelineThe TUDORS
• Henry VII 1485-1509
• Henry VIII 1509-47
• Edward VI 1547-53• Mary I Bloody Mary 1553-58
• Elisabeth I 1558-1603
The STUARTS• James I (James VI of Scotland) 1603-25 (personal union with Scotland)
Elisabethan Style for domestic buildings Tudor Style for ecclesiastical buildings
Jacobean Style
Perpendicular Style
Perpendicular Style
Renaissance
16C Perpendicular Style: Henry VII’s Lady Chapel,
Westminster Abbey 1503-08
16C Tudor Style: St James’s Palace,
Westminster; ~1531, for Henry VIII
early English Renaissance: Nonsuch Palace, nr Epsom (Surrey) for Henry VIII, 1538, (demolished 1682)
half-timbering; Renaissance decoration on southern facade
Elisabethan Style: Burghley House, nr Stamford
for Sir William Cecil (later Earls and Marquesses of Exeter)
1558-87
Elisabethan Style : Burghley House, nr Stamford for Sir William Cecil, 1558-87
Elisabethan Style: Burghley House, nr Stamford
for Sir William Cecil (later Earls and Marquesses of Exeter)
1558-87
frontispiece in the courtyard
English Renaissance: Burghley House, nr Stamford for Sir William Cecil, 1558-87
main hall; hammerbeam roof „Hell Staircase”; Antonio Verrio, 1690s
English Renaissance/Baroque: Burghley House, nr Stamford
Heaven Room: Antonio Verrio, 1690s
Elisabethan Style: Wollaton Hall (Notts.)1580-88, Robert Smythson (?), for Sir Francis Willoughby
Elisabethan Style:
Wollaton Hall (Notts.)1580-88, Robert Smythson,
for Sir Francis Willoughby
high Main Hall
Jacobean Style: Hatfield House 1611+ for Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of Salisbury
Jacobean Style:
Hatfield House (Hertfords.)
1611+ for Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of Salisbury
Jacobean Style: Hatfield House1611+ for Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of Salisbury
The Long Gallery
Jacobean Style: Hatfield House1611+ for Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of Salisbury
The Great Hall
Jacobean Style: Holland House (Middlesex, now London)1605, for Sir Walter Cope (destroyed 1940)
beginnings of classicism: Kirby Hall (Norths.), 1570++, for Sir Christopher Hatton
beginnings of classicism: Kirby Hall (Norths.), 1570++, for Sir Christopher Hatton
Renaissance or Baroque?: Marlborough House, Westminster 1711, Sir Christopher Wren (for Sarah Churchill, Duchess of Marlborough)
storeyadded >1850
neo-Jacobean Style: Harlaxton Manor (Lncs.) 1837-45