handheld computing: pathway to pervasive computing? susan powers and kenneth janz indiana state...
TRANSCRIPT
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Handheld Computing: Pathway to Pervasive
Computing?Susan Powers and Kenneth Janz
Indiana State UniversityMelissa Thomeczek
Southern Illinois University - Edwardsville
AECT International Convention Thursday, October 21, 2004
Chicago, Illinois
8:30:00 AM-9:00:00 AMConference 4-J - 4th Floor
http://coe.indstate.edu/powers/AECT/chicago.htm
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Changing Nature of Technology
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Shrinking Computing Size
MainframeComputers
Microcomputers
NotebookComputers
HandheldComputers
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Changing How We Communicate
Sneaker Net
Wired Networks
Wireless Networks
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Why Are These Two Trends Important?
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Ubiquitous/Pervasive Computing
Computer devices will be increasingly smaller, more
portable and will be commonplace. These educational tools will connect wirelessly and become an integral part of the teaching and learning process.
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When this transition to ubiquitous computing occurs, it is likely to take place in a relatively short period of time, rather than in a
linear progression.
(Bull, Garofalo, and Harris, p. 8, 2003)
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Promise of Ubiquitous Computing
• “Tipping Point”• Adoption and diffusion• Modeling• Technology Leadership
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Building A Case
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Robyler (2003)
Motivation
Unique Instructional Capabilities
New Instructional Approaches
Increased Teacher Productivity
21st Century Skills
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Robyler (2003) Cuban (2001)
Motivation Transform teaching into an engaging and active process
Unique Instructional Capabilities
Transform teaching into an engaging and active process
New Instructional Approaches
Transform teaching into an engaging and active process
Increased Teacher Productivity
Make schools more efficient and productive
21st Century Skills Prepare the current generation for the future workplace
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Why Handhelds?
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Robyler (2003) Cuban (2001) Handheld Uses
Motivation Transform teaching into an engaging and active process
Provide student access to grade review Provide individual, mobile computing to students Instant information access!
Unique Instructional Capabilities
Transform teaching into an engaging and active process
Find locations with GPS Field use of scientific probes with real-time analysis Simulations Instant information access!
New Instructional Approaches
Transform teaching into an engaging and active process
Increase content accessibility for those with disabilities Conduct academic competition Instant information access!
Increased Teacher Productivity
Make schools more efficient and productive
Keep an inventory of instructional materials Store and access lesson plans Store and track IEPs and grades Instant information access!
21st Century Skills Prepare the current generation for the future workplace
Collaborate on a graphic organizer Make a presentation Exchange information with peers Access online educational events Instant information access!
Case for Handhelds
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Handheld as a Learning Handheld as a Learning PartnerPartner
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Learning Environment
• Paradigm shift from teaching to learning (Barr & Tagg, 1995)
• Moving from students as knowledge consumers to knowledge producers (Pellegrino & Altman, 1997)
• Ubiquitous access enhances learning achievement (Brown, 2003)
• Instructor interest (Vahey & Crawford, 2002)• Teachable moments (Soloway, Luchini,
Quintana and Norris, 2002; Bell, 2002; & Dede 2002)
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Tools for Handhelds
Scientific Data Probes for Science
Veo Photo Digital Camera GPS Systems
Graphing Calculators
Presenter-To-Go
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Hands-on Hands-on Learning ExperiencesLearning Experiences
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Creating Custom WebPages for the Classroom: ISU Library on your
Handheld Computer
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Handhelds as a Assessment Handhelds as a Assessment PartnerPartner
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Standards-based curriculum
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Technology Impact on Standards
Must be:
• Accessible
• Have multiple uses
• Simple to use
• Mobile
• Hopefully, even fun
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What makes for good assessment?
• Allows for instructional differentiation and increases student achievement (Brophy & Good, 1986; Cotton 2000; Darling-Hammond, 2000)
• Feedback for instructional strategies (Berliner & Rosenshine, 1977; Brophy & Good, 1986; Johnson, 1997; Rosenshine & Stevens, 1986)
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Technology’s Role in Assessment
• Tool to resolve testing expectations (Education Week, 2003)
• Quick and Reliable data analysis
• Immediate Access to data and results by teachers
For all of this to be helpful computing For all of this to be helpful computing must by ubiquitous.must by ubiquitous.
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A Model for Handheld A Model for Handheld IntegrationIntegration
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Competing Pressures
Candidates Prepared to Use Technology
Technology Driven Curriculum
Standards
Accreditation
Implementation ProcessImplementation ProcessThat is Dynamic and That is Dynamic and
Accommodating Accommodating
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Window to the Core Activities of Instruction.
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Case StudiesCase Studies
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Two Teachers
• Introduced to handhelds in writer’s workshop.
• Both high school, language arts teachers.
• Over 20 years of teaching each.
• Not early adopters.
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Teacher One
• Cross-country coach• Saw potential for writing on the road• Note-taking device• Access, access, access• Assessment of students• Data entry for coaching responsibilities
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Teacher Two
• Writing poetry
• Access
• Classroom activities
• Peer-to-peer
mousecat
in
play
floweroutside
catastrophe
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Questions?
Presentation located at:
http://coe.indstate.edu/powers/AECT/chicago.htm