handbook of cognitive radio
TRANSCRIPT
Handbook of Cognitive Radio
Wei ZhangEditor
Handbook of CognitiveRadioVolume 3
With 657 Figures and 136 Tables
123
EditorWei ZhangSchool of Electrical Engineering and TelecommunicationsThe University of New South WalesSydney, NSW, Australia
ISBN 978-981-10-1393-5 ISBN 978-981-10-1394-2 (eBook)ISBN 978-981-10-1395-9 (print and electronic bundle)https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-1394-2
Library of Congress Control Number: 2018964907
© Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2019This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part ofthe material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation,broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or informationstorage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodologynow known or hereafter developed.The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publicationdoes not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevantprotective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this bookare believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors orthe editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for anyerrors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictionalclaims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #21-01/04 Gateway East, Singapore 189721,Singapore
Contents
Volume 1
Part I Cognitive Radio Communications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1 Multiple Antenna Spectrum Sensing in Colored Noise . . . . . . . . . . . 3Jitendra K. Tugnait
2 Spectrum Sensing Using Markovian Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33Joseph M. Bruno, Yariv Ephraim, Brian L. Mark, and Zhi Tian
3 Waveform Designs for Cognitive Radio and Dynamic SpectrumAccess Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63Ahmet Yazar, Mohamed Elkourdi, and Huseyin Arslan
4 Modeling and Performance Analysis of Cognitive RadioSystems from a Deployment Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87Ankit Kaushik, Shree Krishna Sharma, Symeon Chatzinotas,Björn Ottersten, and Friedrich K. Jondral
5 Spectrum Sensing, Measurement, and Modeling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129Ghaith Hattab and Danijela Cabric
6 Spectrum Sensing Methods and Their Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163Chintha Tellambura
7 Non-cooperative and Cooperative Spectrum Sensing in 5GCognitive Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185Giuseppe Caso, Mai T. Phuong Le, Luca De Nardis, andMaria-Gabriella Di Benedetto
8 Spectrum Sensing, Database, and Its Hybrid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207Yue Gao and Yuan Ma
9 Sequential Methods for Spectrum Sensing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245Yan Xin and Lifeng Lai
10 Cooperative Spectrum Sensing: From Fundamental Limits toPractical Designs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283Dongliang Duan, Liuqing Yang, and Shuguang Cui
v
vi Contents
11 Analog to Digital Cognitive Radio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329Deborah Cohen, Shahar Tsiper, and Yonina C. Eldar
Part II Dynamic Spectrum Access and Sharing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379
12 Principles and Challenges of Cooperative Spectrum Sensing inCognitive Radio Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381Lamiaa Khalid and Alagan Anpalagan
13 Application-Aware Spectrum Sharing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413Ahmed Abdelhadi and Charles Clancy
14 Autonomous Spectrum Sharing by Well-Designed Games . . . . . . . . 449Jie Ren, Kai-Kit Wong, and Muhammad R. A. Khandaker
15 Spectrum Sensing in Multi-antenna Cognitive Radio Systemsvia Distributed Subspace Tracking Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 501Christos G. Tsinos and Kostas Berberidis
16 Cognitive Management Strategies for DynamicSpectrum Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 533A. Raschellà, L. Militano, G. Araniti, A. Orsino, and A. Iera
17 Full-Duplex WiFi Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 569Liwei Song, Yun Liao, and Lingyang Song
18 Mobile Data Offloading Through Third-Party Wi-Fis:Association Rules and Incentive Mechanisms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 597Xin Kang and Sumei Sun
19 Resource Allocation in Spectrum-Sharing CognitiveHeterogeneous Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 635Haijun Zhang, Theodoros A. Tsiftsis, Julian Cheng, andVictor C. M. Leung
20 Dynamic Spectrum Sharing in Secure CognitiveRadio Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 681Biao He, Xiaoming Xu, Vincent K. N. Lau, and Weiwei Yang
21 Heterogeneous Statistical QoS Provisioning OverCognitive-Radio Based 5G Mobile Wireless Networks . . . . . . . . . . . 707Xi Zhang and Jingqing Wang
22 Spectrum-Aware Mobile Computing UsingCognitive Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 749S. Eman Mahmoodi, K. P. Subbalakshmi, and R. N. Uma
23 Cognitive Radio Network Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 777Olga León and K. P. Subbalakshmi
Contents vii
24 Physical Layer Coexistence: WLAN/Radar Case Study . . . . . . . . . . 807Morteza Mehrnoush and Sumit Roy
Volume 2
Part III Cognitive Radio Resource Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 837
25 System Power Minimization in Non-contiguousSpectrum Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 839Muhammad Nazmul Islam, Narayan B. Mandayam, Ivan Seskar,and Sastry Kompella
26 Sequential Learning and Decision-Making in DynamicChannel Access and Transmission Scheduling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 869Yang Liu and Mingyan Liu
27 Energy-Efficient Design in Cognitive MIMO Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . 899Liqun Fu
28 Collaborative Spectrum Trading and Sharing for CognitiveRadio Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 931Xuanheng Li, Haichuan Ding, Yuguang Fang, Miao Pan, Pan Li,Xiaoxia Huang, Yi Sun, and Savo Glisic
29 Cognitive Radio Networks for Delay-Sensitive Applications:Games and Learning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 969Yuanzhang Xiao and Mihaela van der Schaar
30 MIMO-Empowered Secondary Networks for EfficientSpectrum Sharing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 989Xu Yuan, Cunhao Gao, Feng Tian, Yi Shi, Y. Thomas Hou,Wenjing Lou, Wade Trappe, Scott F. Midkiff, Jeffrey H. Reed, andSastry Kompella
31 Coalition Formation Games for Cooperative Spectrum Sensingin Cognitive Radio Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1021Yong Zhou, Zhiyu Dai, Xiaolei Hao, Man Hon Cheung,Zehua Wang, and Vincent W. S. Wong
32 Contract-Based Secondary Spectrum Trading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1053Lin Gao, Xinbing Wang, Youyun Xu, and Qinyu Zhang
33 Adaptive Learning in Cognitive Radio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1083Husheng Li
34 Spatial Spectrum Access Game . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1123Xu Chen and Jianwei Huang
viii Contents
Part IV Cognitive Cellular Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1157
35 Coexistence of Heterogeneous Cellular Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1159Kaigui Bian and Jung-Min Jerry Park
36 Device-to-Device Communications over Unlicensed Spectrum . . . . 1205Hongliang Zhang, Yun Liao, and Lingyang Song
37 RF-Based Energy Harvesting Cognitive Cellular Networks . . . . . . . 1235Dinh Thai Hoang and Dusit Niyato
38 Spectrum Sharing of Drone Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1279Chiya Zhang, Zhiqing Wei, Zhiyong Feng, and Wei Zhang
39 User-Cognizant Scalable Video Transmission overHeterogeneous Cellular Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1305Liang Wu and Wenyi Zhang
40 Precoding and Power Allocation for Two-Tier HeterogeneousNetworks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1343Shengjie Guo and Xiangwei Zhou
41 Distributed Resource Allocation for Network Virtualization . . . . . . 1361Huaqing Zhang and Zhu Han
42 Many-to-Many Matching for Distributed Spectrum Trading . . . . . 1379Jin Zhang, Linshan Jiang, Haofan Cai, and Yanjiao Chen
43 Cooperation in Cognitive Cellular Heterogeneous Networks . . . . . . 1413Ahmed R. Elsherif, Hesham M. Elmaghraby, and Zhi Ding
44 Cognitive Multihoming System for EnhancedCellular Experience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1445Satyam Agarwal and Swades De
Volume 3
Part V Spectrum Policy and Cognitive Radio Standards . . . . . . . . . . . 1483
45 Spectrum Policy and Cognitive Radio Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1485Oliver Holland
46 IEEE 802.11af Wi-Fi in TV White Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1509Kentaro Ishizu, Keiichi Mizutani, Takeshi Matsumura, Zhou Lan,and Hiroshi Harada
47 Cognitive Radio: The Need to Align Regulationswith Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1537Peter Anker
Contents ix
48 Spectrum Sharing Policy at Global Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1559Marja Matinmikko and Miia Mustonen
49 ETSI-RRS Reconfigurable Radio Systems Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . 1581Markus Mueck
50 Spectrum Sharing Policy in Europe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1621Miia Mustonen, Marja Matinmikko, and Jarkko Paavola
51 Novel Regulatory Solutions for Cognitive Radio and SpectrumSharing in the United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1639Lee Pucker
52 Novel Regulatory Solutions for Cognitive Radio and SpectrumSharing in the UK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1679Toby Youell
53 Spectrum Sharing Policy in the Asia-Pacific Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1709Zhiyong Feng and Zhiqing Wei
54 IEEE 802.22/802.22.3 Cognitive Radio Standards: Theory toImplementation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1743Apurva Mody, Anindya Saha, Ivan Reede, Gianfranco Miele, andGianni Cerro
Part VI Cognitive Radio Applications and Practices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1795
55 Spectrum Database and Smart Spectrum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1797Takeo Fujii, Kei Inage, and Koya Sato
56 Dynamic Spectrum Access for Machine to MachineCommunications: Opportunities, Standards, and Open Issues . . . . 1821Luca Bedogni, Marco Di Felice, and Luciano Bononi
57 Reinforcement Learning-Based Spectrum Management forCognitive Radio Networks: A Literature Review andCase Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1849Marco Di Felice, Luca Bedogni, and Luciano Bononi
58 Overview of Recent Applications of Cognitive Radio inWireless Communication Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1887Miguel López-Benítez
59 TVWS: From Trial to Commercial Operation in the UK . . . . . . . . . 1919Andrew Stirling and Jim Beveridge
60 Cognitive Radio and TV White Space (TVWS) Applications . . . . . . 1935J. H. Martin, L. S. Dooley, and K. C. P. Wong
x Contents
61 Opportunities and Enabling Technologies for 5G andBeyond-5G Spectrum Sharing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1971Maziar Nekovee
62 Learning Dynamic Jamming Models in Cognitive Radios . . . . . . . . 1987Andrea Toma, Carlo Regazzoni, Lucio Marcenaro, and Yue Gao
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2025
About the Editor
Wei ZhangSchool of Electrical Engineering andTelecommunicationsThe University of New South WalesSydney, NSW, Australia
Wei Zhang is a Professor at the University of NewSouth Wales, Sydney, Australia. His current researchinterests include UAV communications, millimeter-wave communications, space information networks,and massive MIMO. He is the Editor-in-Chief ofIEEE Wireless Communications Letters and Editor-in-Chief of Journal of Communications and InformationNetworks (JCIN). He is a TPC Co-Chair of IEEE/CICICCC 2019, Changchun, China. He also serves asChair for IEEE Wireless Communications TechnicalCommittee and Vice Director of IEEE Communica-tions Society Asia Pacific Board. He is a memberof Board of Governors of IEEE CommunicationsSociety. He is an IEEE fellow.
xi
Editorial Board
Cognitive Radio Communications
Wei Zhang School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, TheUniversity of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Dynamic Spectrum Access and Sharing
Dusit Niyato School of Computer Science and Engineering (SCSE), NanyangTechnological University, Singapore, Singapore
Ping Wang School of Computer Science and Engineering (SCSE), NanyangTechnological University, Singapore, Singapore
Cognitive Radio Resource Management
Jianwei Huang Department of Information Engineering, The Chinese Universityof Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territory, Hong Kong, China
Xu Chen School of Data and Computer Science, Sun Yat-Sen University,Guangzhou, China
Cognitive Cellular Networks
Lingyang Song School of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science, PekingUniversity, Beijing, China
xiii
xiv Editorial Board
Spectrum Policy and Cognitive Radio Standards
Oliver Holland Centre for Telecommunications Research, King’s College London,London, UK
Cognitive Radio Applications and Practices
Yue Gao School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), QueenMary University of London, London, UK
Contributors
Ahmed Abdelhadi ICTAS/ECE, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
Satyam Agarwal Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India
Peter Anker Ministry of Economic Affairs, Delft University of Technology,Haarlem, The Netherlands
Alagan Anpalagan Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ryerson University,Toronto, ON, Canada
G. Araniti DIIES Department, University Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria,Reggio Calabria, RC, Italy
Huseyin Arslan Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, IstanbulMedipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
Department of Electrical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
Luca Bedogni Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University ofBologna, Bologna, Italy
Maria-Gabriella Di Benedetto Department of Information Engineering,Electronics and Telecommunications (DIET), Sapienza University of Rome,Rome, Italy
Kostas Berberidis Department of Computer Engineering and Informatics,University of Patras, Patras, Greece
CTI “Diophantus”, Patras, Greece
Jim Beveridge Faileas Limited, Buckinghamshire, UK
Kaigui Bian School of EECS, Peking University, Beijing, China
Luciano Bononi Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University ofBologna, Bologna, Italy
Joseph M. Bruno ECE Department, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
Danijela Cabric Electrical Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles(UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
xv
xvi Contributors
Haofan Cai Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
Giuseppe Caso Department of Information Engineering, Electronics andTelecommunications (DIET), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
Gianni Cerro Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Universityof Cassino and Southern Lazio, Cassino, Italy
Symeon Chatzinotas SnT – securityandtrust, University of Luxembourg,Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
Xu Chen School of Data and Computer Science, Sun Yat-Sen University,Guangzhou, China
Yanjiao Chen Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
Julian Cheng School of Engineering, The University of British Columbia,Kelowna, BC, Canada
Man Hon Cheung Department of Information Engineering, The ChineseUniversity of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
Charles Clancy ICTAS/ECE, Virginia Tech, Arlington, VA, USA
Deborah Cohen Electrical Engineering, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology,Haifa, Israel
Shuguang Cui University of California, Davis, CA, USA
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California,Davis, CA, USA
Zhiyu Dai D&B Cloud Innovation Center, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Swades De Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
Marco Di Felice Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University ofBologna, Bologna, Italy
Haichuan Ding Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Universityof Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
Zhi Ding University of California, Davis, CA, USA
L. S. Dooley School of Computing and Communications, The Open University,Milton Keynes, UK
Dongliang Duan Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Universityof Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
Yonina C. Eldar Electrical Engineering, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology,Haifa, Israel
Mohamed Elkourdi Department of Electrical Engineering, University of SouthFlorida, Tampa, FL, USA
Contributors xvii
Hesham M. Elmaghraby University of California, Davis, CA, USA
Ahmed R. Elsherif University of California, Davis, CA, USA
Yariv Ephraim ECE Department, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
Yuguang Fang Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University ofFlorida, Gainesville, FL, USA
Zhiyong Feng Key Laboratory of Universal Wireless Communications, Ministryof Education, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China
Liqun Fu Department of Communication Engineering, Xiamen University,Xiamen, China
Takeo Fujii Advanced Wireless and Communication Research Center, TheUniversity of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan
Cunhao Gao Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA,USA
Lin Gao School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute ofTechnology, Shenzhen, China
Yue Gao School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), QueenMary University of London, London, UK
Savo Glisic Department of Communication Engineering, University of Oulu, Oulu,Finland
Shengjie Guo Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
Zhu Han Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University ofHouston, Houston, TX, USA
Xiaolei Hao Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The Universityof British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Hiroshi Harada Department of Communications and Computer Engineering,Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
Ghaith Hattab Electrical Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles(UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
Biao He Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong KongUniversity of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Dinh Thai Hoang School of Computer Science and Engineering, NanyangTechnological University, Singapore, Singapore
Oliver Holland Centre for Telecommunications Research, King’s College London,London, UK
Y. Thomas Hou Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg,VA, USA
xviii Contributors
Xiaoxia Huang Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, China Academy ofSciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
Jianwei Huang Department of Information Engineering, The Chinese Universityof Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territory, Hong Kong, China
A. Iera DIIES Department, University Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria, ReggioCalabria, RC, Italy
Kei Inage Electrical and Electronics Engineering Course, Tokyo MetropolitanCollege of Industrial Technology, Tokyo, Japan
Kentaro Ishizu National Institute of Information and Communications Technology,Yokosuka, Japan
Muhammad Nazmul Islam Qualcomm Corporate R&D, Bridgewater, NJ, USA
Linshan Jiang Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
Friedrich K. Jondral Communications Engineering Lab, Karlsruhe Institute ofTechnology, Karlsruhe, Germany
Jung-Min Jerry Park Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
Xin Kang National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Communica-tions, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
Ankit Kaushik Communications Engineering Lab, Karlsruhe Institute of Technol-ogy, Karlsruhe, Germany
Lamiaa Khalid Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ryerson University,Toronto, ON, Canada
Muhammad R. A. Khandaker Electronic and Electrical Engineering, UniversityCollege London, London, UK
Sastry Kompella Information Technology Division, Naval Research Laboratory,Washington, DC, USA
U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, USA
Lifeng Lai University of California, Davis, CA, USA
Zhou Lan Broadcom Ltd., Irvine, CA, USA
Vincent K. N. Lau Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, TheHong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Mai T. Phuong Le Department of Information Engineering, Electronics andTelecommunications (DIET), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
Olga León Telematics Department, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya,Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
Contributors xix
Victor C. M. Leung Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, TheUniversity of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Husheng Li Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, TheUniversity of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
Pan Li Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Case WesternReserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
Xuanheng Li School of Information and Communication Engineering, DalianUniversity of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China
Yun Liao School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, PekingUniversity, Beijing, China
Mingyan Liu EECS, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
Yang Liu SEAS, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
Miguel López-Benítez Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics,University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
Wenjing Lou Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA,USA
Yuan Ma School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), QueenMary University of London, London, UK
S. Eman Mahmoodi Electrical and Computer Engineering, Stevens Institute ofTechnology, Hoboken, NJ, USA
Narayan B. Mandayam WINLAB, Department of ECE, Rutgers University,North Brunswick, NJ, USA
Lucio Marcenaro Department of Electrical, Electronic, TelecommunicationsEngineering and Naval Architecture (DITEN), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
Brian L. Mark ECE Department, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
J. H. Martin IP/Optical Networks (ION), Nokia, Bristol, UK
School of Computing and Communications, The Open University, Milton Keynes,UK
Marja Matinmikko Centre for Wireless Communications (CWC), University ofOulu, Oulu, Finland
Takeshi Matsumura Department of Communications and Computer Engineering,Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
Morteza Mehrnoush University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
Scott F. Midkiff Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg,VA, USA
xx Contributors
Gianfranco Miele Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Univer-sity of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Cassino, Italy
L. Militano DIIES Department, University Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria,Reggio Calabria, RC, Italy
Keiichi Mizutani Department of Communications and Computer Engineering,Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
Apurva Mody WhiteSpace Alliancer, Chelmsford, MA, USA
Markus Mueck Next Generation and Standards, INTEL Deutschland GmbH,Neubiberg, Germany
Miia Mustonen VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., Oulu, Finland
Luca De Nardis Department of Information Engineering, Electronics andTelecommunications (DIET), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
Maziar Nekovee Department of Engineering and Design, School of Engineeringand Informatics, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
Dusit Niyato School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technolog-ical University, Singapore, Singapore
A. Orsino ELS Department, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland
Björn Ottersten SnT – securityandtrust, University of Luxembourg, LuxembourgCity, Luxembourg
Jarkko Paavola Turku University of Applied Sciences, Turku, Finland
Miao Pan Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University ofHouston, Houston, TX, USA
Lee Pucker The Wireless Innovation Forum, Reston, VA, USA
A. Raschellà Department of Computer Science, Liverpool John Moores Univer-sity, Liverpool, MSY, UK
Jeffrey H. Reed Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg,VA, USA
Ivan Reede AmeriSys, Oviedo, FL, USA
Carlo Regazzoni Department of Electrical, Electronic, Telecommunications Engi-neering and Naval Architecture (DITEN), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
Jie Ren Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing, China
Sumit Roy University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
Anindya Saha Saankhya Labs Pvt Ltd, Bangalore, India
Contributors xxi
Koya Sato Department of Electrical Engineering, Tokyo University of Science,Tokyo, Japan
Ivan Seskar WINLAB, Rutgers University, North Brunswick, NJ, USA
Shree Krishna Sharma Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
SnT – securityandtrust, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
Yi Shi Intelligent Automation Inc., Rockville, MD, USA
Lingyang Song School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, PekingUniversity, Beijing, China
Liwei Song School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, PekingUniversity, Beijing, China
Andrew Stirling Larkhill Consultancy Limited, Surrey, UK
K. P. Subbalakshmi Electrical and Computer Engineering, Stevens Institute ofTechnology, Hoboken, NJ, USA
Sumei Sun Institute for Infocomm Research, South Tower, Singapore
Yi Sun School of Information and Communication Engineering, Dalian Universityof Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China
Chintha Tellambura Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta,Edmonton, AB, Canada
Feng Tian Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China
Zhi Tian ECE Department, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
Andrea Toma Department of Electrical, Electronic, Telecommunications Engi-neering and Naval Architecture (DITEN), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Queen MaryUniversity of London, London, UK
Wade Trappe Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
Theodoros A. Tsiftsis School of Engineering, Nazarbayev University, Astana,Akmola, Kazakhstan
Christos G. Tsinos Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust(SnT), University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
Shahar Tsiper Electrical Engineering, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology,Haifa, Israel
Jitendra K. Tugnait Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, AuburnUniversity, Auburn, AL, USA
xxii Contributors
R. N. Uma Mathematics and Physics, North Carolina Central University, Durham,NC, USA
Mihaela van der Schaar Oxford – Man Institute of Quantitative Finance (OMI),Oxford, UK
Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
Jingqing Wang Networking and Information Systems Laboratory, Department ofElectrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station,TX, USA
Xinbing Wang EE and CS Department in School of Electronic Information andElectrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
Zehua Wang Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The Universityof British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Zhiqing Wei Key Laboratory of Universal Wireless Communications, Ministry ofEducation, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China
K. C. P. Wong School of Computing and Communications, The Open University,Milton Keynes, UK
Kai-Kit Wong Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London,London, UK
Vincent W. S. Wong Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, TheUniversity of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Liang Wu Department of Electronic Engineering and Information Science, Uni-versity of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
Huawei Technologies, Shanghai, China
Yuanzhang Xiao Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science,Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
Yan Xin Futurewei Technologies Inc., Bridgewater, NJ, USA
Xiaoming Xu College of Communications Engineering, PLA University of Sci-ence and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
Youyun Xu National Engineering Research Center for Communications and Net-working, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China
Liuqing Yang Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, ColoradoState University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
Weiwei Yang College of Communications Engineering, PLA University of Sci-ence and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
Ahmet Yazar Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, IstanbulMedipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
Contributors xxiii
Toby Youell Spectrum Group, Ofcom (writing in a personal capacity), London, UK
Xu Yuan Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
Chiya Zhang School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, TheUniversity of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Haijun Zhang Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Conver-gence Networks and Ubiquitous Services, University of Science and TechnologyBeijing, Beijing, China
Hongliang Zhang School of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science,Peking University, Beijing, China
Huaqing Zhang Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University ofHouston, Houston, TX, USA
Jin Zhang Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
Qinyu Zhang School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Harbin Instituteof Technology, Shenzhen, China
Wei Zhang School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, TheUniversity of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Wenyi Zhang Key Laboratory of Wireless-Optical Communications, ChineseAcademy of Sciences, Hefei, China
Department of Electronic Engineering and Information Science, University ofScience and Technology of China, Hefei, China
Xi Zhang Networking and Information Systems Laboratory, Department ofElectrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station,TX, USA
Yong Zhou Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The Universityof British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Xiangwei Zhou Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA