hand-arm vibration management and risk ... report 1406.pdfreport hand-arm vibration management and...

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HAND-ARM VIBRATION MANAGEMENT AND

RISK ASSESSEMENT

THOMSON AIRWAYS

LUTON

Industrial Noise and Vibration Centre Limited889 Plymouth Road • Slough • Berkshire • SL1 4LP

Tel : 01753 698800 Fax : 01753 567988 Email : [email protected]

Web : www.invc.co.uk

Thomson Airways

Industrial Noise and Vibration Centre, Slough : 01753 698800 R7639 Thomson Airways - HAV report

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COMMERCIALLY CONFIDENTIAL

INDUSTRIAL NOISE & VIBRATION CENTRE LIMITED

AUTHOR: Gill Cussons Report No.7639

Date: 14 July 2014

HAND-ARM VIBRATION MANAGEMENT AND RISK ASSESSMENT

THOMSON AIRWAYS

LUTON

SUMMARY

The Industrial Noise & Vibration Centre (INVC) has carried out a hand-arm vibration assessment of the

equipment used by Thomson Airways - Luton. This report includes details of the assessment,

summarises the main requirements of the Control of Vibration at Work Regulations 2005 (CoVaWR), and

presents additional information of HAV management.

Hand-arm vibration syndrome HAVS is a widespread industrial disease affecting tens of thousands of

workers. Its best known effect is vibration white finger (VWF). Any vibrating tool or process which causes

tingling or numbness after 5 to 10 minutes of continuous use is suspect. The maximum daily Exposure

Limit Value (ELV) cited by the CoVaWR is 5 m/s2 A(8).

INVC IN CONFIDENCE This is a document prepared for the client by INVC. Recipients may not pass this document to any person outside the client’s business without written consent from the INVC, Neither INVC, nor any person acting on its behalf, makes any warranty, express or implied with respect to the use of any information, method or process disclosed in this document or that such use may not infringe the rights of any third party or assumes any liabilities with respect to the use of, or for damages resulting in any way from the use of any information, apparatus, method or process disclosed in the document.

© INVC 2014 All rights reserved, No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise outside the client’s business without written permission of the Industrial Noise & Vibration Centre Limited, 889 Plymouth Road, Slough, Berkshire, SL1 4LP. (Registered in England. No. 1981938

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Most of the vibration data was obtained through the INVC HAV database. In addition, a day of testing was

organised on 20 May 2014 to measure the vibration on unknown tools. Some of the tools from the original

list could not be traced and hence have not been measured. Many tools on the initial list provided were

duplicates so only one of each have been included in the report.

Based on the vibration data from the measured data and for the list of tools provided, the operators of 26

of the 78 tools (33%) are likely to be exposed above the ELV if used for 1 hour or less. Operators of 36

tools (46%) would be above ELV is used for 8 hours. The Company should obtain accurate usage times

for all of the tools, and if greater than the time to reach the ELV, then immediate action must be taken to

reduce exposure below the ELV. The simplest way to do this would be to limit exposure times to below

the time to reach the ELV or introduce HAV management actions.

Similarly, the operators of only 8 of the 78 tools (1%) are likely to be exposed above the EAV if used for 1

hour or less. Operators of 30 tools (39%) would be above EAV if used for 8 hours. Again, the Company

should obtain accurate usage times for all of the tools, and if greater than the time to reach the EAV, then

action is required to eliminate risk or reduce exposure to as low as reasonably practicable and provide

health surveillance to those employees who continue to be regularly exposed above the action value or

otherwise continue to be at risk.

For multiple tool usage, where more than one high vibration tool is used during the day, the cumulative

dose should be assessed. If usage times are known, a table on the HSE website can assist with this.

Thomson Airways, Luton should also implement a HAV management action plan and introduce “best

practice” measures to monitor operator symptoms and limit/control vibration, thereby protecting

employees from a potentially disabling problem.

Author

GILL CUSSONS

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CONTENTS

Page

1.0 INTRODUCTION 5

2.0 THE CONTROL OF VIBRATION AT WORK REGULATIONS 2005 5

3.0 VIBRATION MEASUREMENTS PROCEDURE AND EQUIPMENT 6

4.0 VIBRATION ASSESSMENT 7

5.0 HAVE MANAGEMENT 9

6.0 CONCLUSIONS 12

7.0 REFERENCES 13

TABLE

1. VIBRATION ASSESSEMENT 15

2. MEASURED VECTOR SUM VIBRATION VALUES AND 1 HOUR EXPOSURE POINTS 18

3. DAILY EXPOSURE A(8) FOR THE STATED “FINGER ON TRIGGER” TIME 19

APPENDICES

A VIBRATION REGULATIONS, MANUFACTURER’S AND SUPPPLIER’S DUTIES, 20

VIBRATION EXPOSURE AND DAMAGE, GLOSSARY OF VIBRATION TERMS

B INSTRUMENTATION USED, MEASUREMENT DETAILS, INSTRUMENT OVERLOAD 25

AND IMPACT TOOLS

C HAND-ARM VIBRATION ASSESSEMENT 27

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1.0 INTRODUCTION

The Industrial Noise & Vibration Centre (INVC) was requested by Susan Ormordia,

Occupational Risk Manager, Thompson Airways, to carry out a hand-arm vibration assessment

of the equipment used by the company.

Whilst the assessment provides measured field vibration values for the plant listed, it is the

responsibility of the company to ensure that it is representative and that:

(i) the data covers the tools used by operators and the tasks carried out

(ii) the assessment is kept up-to-date as new tools are purchased

(iii) operators are trained in risk management procedures

This vibration assessment can be provided in electronic form and supplemented by the Hand-

Arm Vibration manual on CD plus training material for use in-house to create a comprehensive

HAV KnowledgeBase that is both accessible and easily updated.

2.0 THE CONTROL OF VIBRATION AT WORK REGULATIONS 2005

Dedicated legislation limiting vibration exposure in the form of “The

Control of Vibration at Work Regulations 2005" or CoVaWR came

into force on 6 July 2005.

Employers who carry out work which is liable to expose any of

their employees to risk from vibration must carry out a “suitable

and sufficient” assessment of the risks from vibration, including

identifying exposed employees, comparison of exposure with

action and limit values, available and appropriate options for

controlling the risk, develop an action plan to control and monitor

the risks, plus keep a record of the assessment, control measures

and further actions.

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For hand-arm vibration or HAV, the risk assessment must identify any employees who are likely

to be exposed to vibration at or above the following action and limit values.

Exposure Action Value, EAV : 2.5 m/s2 A(8)

Exposure Limit Value, ELV : 5 m/s2 A(8)

A summary of the HAV aspects of the CoVaWR is presented in Appendix A together with

additional information regarding manufacturers’ and suppliers’ duties, vibration exposure and

damage and a glossary of vibration terms.

In-depth guidance on the CoVaWR is provided in the HSE book “Hand-Arm Vibration - The

Control of Vibration at Work Regulations 2005 - Guidance on Regulations” L140, HSE Books,

2005 (reference 1). A leaflet with advice for employers INDG 175 (Rev 2) (reference 2) and a

pocket card with advice for employees INDG 296 (Rev 1) (reference 3) were issued in June

2005. The formal guidance and priced packs of leaflets are available from HSE Books or the

leaflet and pocket card may be viewed as pdf documents on the HSE website.

(www.hse.gov.uk/vibration/information.htm).

Furthermore, HAVS is reportable under the Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous

Occurrences Regulations 1995 (RIDDOR) for any cases arising from certain work activities with

exposure to vibration.

3. VIBRATION MEASUREMENTS PROCEDURE AND EQUIPMENT

Most of the vibration data in this report is extracted from HAV-Base, the INVC database of field

hand-arm vibration measurements. All vibration measurements were made in three orthogonal

directions using an accelerometer attached (with a lightweight fixture rigidly clamped) directly to

the handle of the tool as close as possible to the position of the operator's hand. All

measurements were made under real field operating conditions with equipment undertaking

typical tasks such as cutting, drilling, grinding, etc.

Vibration acceleration measurements were carried out using calibrated instrumentation

conforming to ISO 8041 : 1990 (E) Type 1 including Amendment 1 : 199(E).

Initial checks confirmed satisfactory operation of the equipment. Careful checks were made

whilst measuring to monitor the vibration signals and check for overload of the instrumentation.

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For each test, the measurement was carried out for sufficient time to obtain an accurate

representation of the vibration value.

All measurements were made in accordance with British Standard BS EN ISO 5349 “Mechanical

Vibration - Measurement and Assessment of Human Exposure to Hand- Transmitted Vibration”

Part 1 “General Guidelines” 2001.

Further details and notes on the instrumentation used, vibration measurement, instrumentation

overload and impact tools are presented in Appendix B.

4. VIBRATION ASSESSMENT

The vibration data for the tools used at Thomson Airways – Luton is given in Table 1. The “exact”

value is the mean value for exact matches (same manufacturer and model), the “similar” value is

the mean value for similar tools (same manufacturer but different model), and the “generic” value

is the mean value for generic matches (same equipment but different manufacturer and model).

The “assumed” vibration level of the tool, used to calculate the time to reach the EAV and the

ELV and the hourly exposure points, is based on either the “exact” value, or else the “similar”

value, or else the “generic” value, where available. (The actual site measured data is also

included in ‘exact’).

For some tools, the vibration level depends on how the tool is used. Consequently, for drills, two

different values are given for “drills” (rotary action) and “hammer drills” (hammer action).

Similarly, for electric drills, a third value is also given for “breakers” (impulse action). For these

tools, either the most appropriate or else the worst case value should be used (all of these

modes of operation may not be available on all of these tools).

It can be seen that the operators of the following tools are likely to be exposed above the ELV

after 1 hours use or less:

• AJH Bison Pedestal Grinder (WS1) - 45 minutes

• 2 x Desoutter Oscillating Saw - (WS21 & WS22) – 36 minutes

• Ingersoll Rand Rivet Hammer (Alistair’s) - (WS24) - 14 minutes

• Makita Percussion Drill – Hammer & Breaker action (B99.4) – 54-57 minutes

• Bosch Percussion Drills – Drill & Breaker action (B99.5) – 16 & 45 minutes

Note: The field values are typical for the conditions under which the equipment was operating during these tests. Different values may be obtained under other operating conditions

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In addition, the operators of the following tools are likely to be exposed above the EAV after 1

hours use or less:

• AJH Bison Pedestal Grinder (WS1) - 11 minutes

• Bosch Angle Grinder (WS13) - 32 minutes

• Orbital Sanders used in Preparation booth (WS19, WS20) – 31 minutes

• 2 x Desoutter Oscillating Saw - (WS21 & WS22) – 9 minutes

• Ingersoll Rand Rivet Hammer (Alistair’s WS24) - 3 minutes

• Aeroriveter & 1 unknown Rivet Hammer (WS28 & WS29) – 20 minutes

• Wolf Pedestal 200mm Grinding Wheel (B99.1) – 56 minutes

• Makita Percussion Drill – Hammer & Breaker action (B99.4) – 13-14 minutes

• Bosch Percussion Drills – Drill & Breaker action (B99.5) – 4 & 11 minutes

• Bosch Jig Saw – (B99) – 34 minutes

• 2 Bosch Angle Grinders (B99.7 & B99.8) – 30-36 minutes

• Desoutter Rivet Hammer (H61.5)- 53 minutes

• Ingersoll Rand Rivet Hammer (H61.52) – 20 minutes

• CPT Rivet Hammer (H61.56) – 20 minutes

• Vickers Rivet Hammer (H61.58) – 20 minutes

• Aerospace Tools (H61.59) – 20 minutes

• US Industrial Tools (H61.61) – 20 minutes

• ATP Impact Wrenches (H61.65 & H61.66) – 30 minutes

Where there is likely to be a risk from exposure to vibration, the CoVaWR requires employers to:

• reduce exposure to a minimum;

• provide information and training;

• carry out a programme of measures to reduce exposure and provide appropriate health

surveillance when exposure reaches the exposure action value;

• keep exposure below the exposure limit value.

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5.0 HAV MANAGEMENT

An action plan is an important strand in the risk management/control process, and should include

the following:

• identify the significant sources of vibration

• prioritise them as contributors to risk (ie operator exposure)

• identify and evaluate solutions in terms of practicability and cost

• plan the introduction of reasonably practicable controls, with timescales

• plan the introduction of health surveillance if exposures are still likely to exceed the

action value

• define management responsibilities and allocate adequate resources to implement

controls, evaluate them and monitor progress

Action programme to manage potential hand-arm vibration problems

The key elements of a general action programme to manage potential vibration problems are

presented below. Fundamental engineering design does work, as evidenced by the relative

effectiveness of anti-vibration measures now fitted to chain saws.

The key elements of a programme for the management of hand-arm vibration are listed below:

■ Training - at all levels (managers, supervisors, operators and safety representatives)

• Management Briefings

• Toolbox Talks

Note: “Anti-vibration” gloves do not work for low frequency vibration other than for keeping the hands warm, as neither do many anti-vibration materials sold as vibration reduction methods. If anti-vibration gloves are to be issued, the frequency content of the tools with which they are used must be confirmed to ensure the gloves will provide protection.

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■ Risk Reduction

• Reduce vibration

• Eliminate vibration exposure in work processes, automate, change the way the

job is done, introduce vibration reduced/free processes

• Source modifications (manufacturer)

• Operational factors (air pressure, flow rate, etc)

• Retrofit modifications (isolation, damping, etc)

• Minimise forces required to operate equipment (additional support, tensioners,

balance for hearing equipment or jigs or fixtures)

• General

• choose appropriate consumables and replace them when required

• carry out regular maintenance of equipment (replace worn parts)

• keep tooling sharp/dressed (chisels, abrasive discs, drill bits, saw teeth,

etc)

• keep hands and body warm (gloves, warm clothing, hot drinks)

• plan work to avoid prolonged exposure and provide activities/breaks

away from vibration for “recovery” during long tasks

• encourage employees to maintain blood circulation with regular exercise

• encourage employees to stop smoking

■ “Buy Smooth” Purchasing Policy

• replace power tools with ergonomic modern vibration reduced types

■ Health Surveillance

■ Audit Programme

■ Reduce exposure times/job rotation

■ General Technical/Management Support Items

Further information or technical support on any of these elements can be provided by INVC to

whatever level is required.

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Exposure points as a monitoring tool

The labelling of equipment with exposure points is one method of managing HAV exposure. The

conventional way to calculate the operator’s daily vibration exposure A(8) uses the total vibration

produced by the tool (“vector sum value”) and the contact time (“finger-on- trigger”) in a typical

working day. Because the exposure time is not directly proportional to A(8), it is difficult to

evaluate the operator exposures for different periods of use or where operators use more than

one tool in a day.

An exposure points system simplifies the risk assessment procedure. The exposure points

values equivalent to the action and limit values in the regulations are as follows:

The Control of Vibration at Work Regulations 2005

Exposure Action value of 2.5 m/s2 A(8) = 100 points

Exposure Action value of 5 m/s2 A(8) = 100 points

Labelling equipment with an exposure points value per hour of use (which is proportional to the

measured vibration magnitude) is a method of allowing operators to monitor and self certify their

daily HAV exposure. The HSE table mentioned before can assist with this.

For any particular tool the 1 hour exposure points score may be calculated as:

n1 hr = 2 x (vector sum)2

so for a vector sum value of 5 m/s2, the 1 hour points score is:

n1 hr = 2 x (5)2 = 50 exposure points

Example 1: If it is decided to limit operator exposures to below, say, the Exposure Action

Level of 2.5 m/s2 A(8) or 100 points, then the above tool may be used for

= 2 hours

Example 2: If two tools with 1 hour exposure points of 20 and 80 respectively are in use for 2

and 2½ hours respectively, it is simple to calculate the combined exposure for

multiple tool use using the 1 hour points system described above. The points

score for each tool is 2 x 20 = 40 points and 2½ x 80 = 200 points, so the

combined exposure gives a total points score of 200 + 40 = 240 points.

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Hence, this operator’s daily exposure is 240 points, which is above the Exposure

Action Level of 100 points.

Further details of aids for calculating daily exposure including the exposure points system, an

exposure ready-reckoner, an exposure nomogram and details of the HSE on-line calculator are

provided in HSE guidance (reference 1). Please note a calculator for whole- body vibration is

also available on the HSE website so it is essential to choose the correct calculator.

6. CONCLUSIONS

Hand-arm vibration syndrome HAVS is a widespread industrial disease affecting tens of

thousands of workers. Its best known effect is vibration white finger (VWF). Any vibrating tool or

process which causes tingling or numbness after 5 to 10 minutes of continuous use is suspect.

The maximum daily Exposure Limit Value ELV cited by the CoVaWR is 5 m/s2 A(8).

Most of the vibration data was obtained through the INVC HAV database. In addition, a day of

testing was organised on 20 May 2014 to measure the vibration on unknown tools.

A previous HAV report from 2003, which gives details for some tools on this site (INVC number

R4030 - under previous regulations) will be forwarded with this report.

Based on the vibration data from the measured data and for the list of tools provided, the

operators of 26 of the 78 tools (33%) are likely to be exposed above the ELV if used for 1 hour or

less. Operators of 36 tools (46%) would be above ELV is used for 8 hours. The Company should

obtain accurate usage times for all of the tools, and if greater than the time to reach the ELV,

then immediate action must be taken to reduce exposure below the ELV. The simplest way to do

this would be to limit exposure times to below the time to reach the ELV or introduce HAV

management actions.

Similarly, the operators of only 8 of the 78 tools (1%) are likely to be exposed above the EAV if

used for 1 hour or less. Operators of 30 tools (39%) would be above EAV if used for 8 hours.

Again, the Company should obtain accurate usage times for all of the tools, and if greater than

the time to reach the EAV, then action is required to eliminate risk or reduce exposure to as low

as reasonably practicable and provide health surveillance to those employees who continue to be

regularly exposed above the action value or otherwise continue to be at risk.

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Alistair’s own Rivet Gun has a much higher vibration level than others used in the workshop and

should not be used.

For multiple tool usage, where more than one high vibration tool is used during the day, the

cumulative dose should be assessed. A simple assessment method using the exposure points

system is described in section 5 of this report, although other methods are available and

described in HSE guidance and on their website.

A working maintenance programme of equipment in combination with general awareness and

operator training will contribute to keeping the vibration levels down. High vibration values are

often a sign of worn components. The HSE have recently introduced a HAV control campaign

(2006/2007) for three priority industry sectors: foundries; heavy steel fabrication (including

shipyards); and construction. Detailed guidance, information on HSE expectations, controls and

management of HAV risks is presented for each industry sector on their website.

The company should also implement a HAV management action plan and introduce “best

practice” measures to monitor operator symptoms and limit/control vibration, thereby protecting

employees from a potentially disabling problem. Further information and support to manage

potential vibration problems (including training, toolbox talks, etc) as described in section 5 is

available from INVC.

7. REFERENCES

Hand-Arm Vibration

1 "Hand-arm vibration : The Control of Vibration at Work Regulations 2005 : Guidance on

Regulations", (L140), HSE Books, ISBN 0 7176 6125 3, 2005.

2 "Control the risks from Hand-arm vibration: Advice for Employers on the Control of Vibration at

Work Regulations 2005" leaflet, HSE INDG175 (rev 2), 06/05.

3 "Hand-arm Vibration : Advice for Employees” pocket card. HSE INDG 296 (rev 1), 06/05.

4 "Vibration Solutions : Practical ways to reduce the risk of hand-arm vibration injury", HSG170, 1997.

5 "Power Tools: How to Reduce Vibration Health Risks. Guide for Employers", HSE INDG338, 03/01.

6 "Survey of Exposure to Hand-Arm Vibration in Great Britain", HSE Research Paper No 26, K Kyriakides, ISBN 0-7176-0315-6, 1988.

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7 "Report on Elimination and Reduction of the Risks of Hand-Arm Vibration in the Foundry Industry", Ref: 3641/R53.165, November 1998.

8 “British Standard Guide to Measurement and Evaluation of Human Exposure to Vibration Transmitted to the Hand”, BS 6842, 1987 (now withdrawn).

9 “Mechanical vibration - Measurement and evaluation of human exposure to hand- arm vibration – Part 1 : General requirements”, BS EN ISO 5349-1 : 2001.

Legislation and general

10 “Management of Health & Safety at Work Regulations 1999. Approved Code of Practice”, L21,

HSE Books, ISBN 0-7176-0412-8.

11 “Articles and Substances used at Work : the Legal Duties of Designers, Manufacturers, Importers

and Suppliers and Erectors and Installers”, HSE INDG1(L) rev.

12 “The Supply of Machinery (Safety) Regulations 1992", as amended. SI No 3073 1992, SI No

2063 1994 and SI No 831 2005.

13 Physical Agents (Vibration) Directive 2002/44/EC published on 6 July 2002 in the Official Journal

L177 Vol 45, p12.

14 “Supplying New Machinery”, HSE INDG270, 04/98.

15 “Buying New Machinery”, HSE INDG271, 04/98.

16 “The Control of Vibration at Work Regulations 2005", SI No 1093.

17 Physical Agents (Vibration) Directive 2003/10/EC published on 15 February 2003 in the Official

Journal L42, p38.

reach EAV or ELV in Less than 8hoursreach in less than

1hreact from database

No Location Descriprion Manufacturer Model Equipment Power Tool Type Assumed

WS1 Machine Shop Grinding Wheel AJH Bison Grinder Electric Pedestal 0 0 1 16.3 71 6..7 16.3 0:11 0:45 531 0.11 00:45

WS2 Machine Shop Grinding Wheel Makita 9306 Grinder Electric Pedestal 0 0 0 0 71 6.7 6.7 1:7 4:27 90 01:06 04:27

WS3 Welding Bay Grinding Wheel Kobe GB150 Grinder Electric Pedestal 1 2.9 1 2.9 71 6.7 2.9 5:57 23:47 17 05:56 23:46

WS4 Seat/Trim Shop Grinding Wheel Kango 8348 Grinder Electric Pedestal 0 0 0 0 71 6.7 6.7 1:7 4:27 90 01:06 04:27

WS5 Airframe Workshop Jigsaw Bosch GST85PBE Saw, Jig Electric Hand‐Held 2 4.2 20 9.3 50 8.4 4.2 2:50 11:20 35 02:50 11:20

WS6 Composite Shop Router Bosch GOF1700ACE Router Electric Hand‐Held 0 0 2 5.3 14 4.9 5.3 1:47 7:7 56 01:46 07:07

WS7 Machine Shop Pillar Drill Mercury Startrite Drill Electric Pedestal 1 0.6 1 0.6 11 1.5 0.6 138:53 555:33 1 18:53 >24

WS8 Machine Shop Pillar Drill Fobco Fobco 7/8 Drill Electric Pedestal 0 0 1 0.6 11 1.5 0.6 138:53 555:33 1 18:53 >24

WS9 Airframe Workshop Pillar Drill Elliot 90856/484 Drill Electric Pedestal 0 0 0 0 11 1.5 1.5 22:13 88:53 5 22:13 >24

WS10 Seat/Trim Shop Pillar Drill Ajax RDM170A Drill Electric Pedestal 0 0 0 0 11 1.5 1.5 22:13 88:53 5 22:13 >24

WS11 Machine Shop Band Saw Startrite 24‐V‐10 Saw, Band Electric Pedestal 0 0 1 2.1 6 2.2 2.1 11:20 45:21 9 11:20 >24

WS12 Composite Shop Band Saw Startrite 30V Saw, Band Electric Pedestal 0 0 1 2.1 5 2.2 2.1 11:20 45:21 9 11:20 >24

WS13 Airframe Workshop Angle Grinder Bosch GWS6‐100 Grinder, Angle Electric Hand‐Held 2 9.6 136 9.7 310 9.1 9.6 0:33 2:10 184 0.32 02:10

WS14 Airframe Workshop Cable Swaging Tool ATI Industries AT520J ? Pneumatic Floor‐Mounted

WS15 Composite Shop Belt Linisher AJH ? Sander, Belt Electric Pedestal 0 0 0 0 1 2 2 12:30 49:60 8 12:30 >24

WS16 Machine Shop Belt Linisher ? T12V42 Sander, Belt Electric Pedestal 0 0 0 0 1 2 2 12:30 49:60 8 12:30 >24

WS17 Machine Shop Belt Linisher ‐ Upright Vanco Flexiband Sander, Belt Electric Pedestal 0 0 0 0 1 2 2 12:30 49:60 8 12:30 >24

WS18 Machine Shop Fixed Head Router Barry Irons Mach' Bi‐Trip Router Electric Pedestal 1 3.1 1 3.1 2 2.5 3.1 5:12 20:49 19 05:12 20:48

WS19 Preparation Booth Random Orb' Sanders ‐ Central Vaccum 3M 20318 Sander, Orbital Pneumatic Hand‐Held 0 0 8 9.8 165 11.2 9.8 0:31 2:5 192 00:31 02:04

WS20 TBC Random Orb' Sanders ‐ Self Generating Vaccum 3M 28506 Sander, Orbital Pneumatic Hand‐Held 0 0 8 9.8 165 11 9.8 0:31 2:5 192 00:31 02:04

WS21 Composite Shop Oscillating Saw Desoutter 737 Saw, Oscillating Disk Pneumatic Hand‐Held 0 0 2 18.1 8 8.7 18.1 0:9 0:37 655 00:09 00:36

WS22 Composite Shop Oscillating Saw Desoutter 123944462 Saw, Oscillating Disk Pneumatic Hand‐Held 0 0 2 18.1 8 8.7 18.1 0:9 0:37 655 00:09 00:36

WS23 Airframe Workshop High Speed Grinder Sunex SX245 ? Pneumatic Hand‐Held

WS24 Airframe Workshop Rivet Gun ‐ Alistair Ingersoll Rand SQA31‐381 Hammer, Rivet Pneumatic Hand‐Held 1 29 1 28.8 27 12.1 28.8 0:4 0:14 1659 00:03 00:14

WS25 Airframe Workshop Rivet Gun ‐ Stuart ? BRH‐3 16002 Hammer, Rivet Pneumatic Hand‐Held 1 6 0 0 27 12.1 6 1:23 5:33 72 01:23 05:33

WS26 Airframe Workshop Rivet Gun Atlas Copco 0201A258 Hammer, Rivet Pneumatic Hand‐Held 0 0 10 4.4 27 12 4.4 2:35 10:20 39 02:34 10:19

WS27 Airframe Workshop Rivet Gun Atlas Copco RRN11P336035 Hammer, Rivet Pneumatic Hand‐Held 0 0 10 4.4 27 12 4.4 2:35 10:20 39 02:34 10:19

WS28 Airframe Workshop Rivet Gun Aeroriveter F82G515 Hammer, Rivet Pneumatic Hand‐Held 0 0 0 0 27 12 12 0:21 1:23 288 00:20 01:23

WS29 Airframe Workshop Rivet Gun ? 167 Hammer, Rivet Pneumatic Hand‐Held 0 0 0 0 27 12 12 0:21 1:23 288 00:20 01:23

WS30 Airframe Workshop Stretcher/Shaper Eckold KF324 Stretcher Electric Floor‐Mounted 0 0 2 1.6 2 1.6 1.6 19:32 78:7 5 19:31 >24

WS30 Airframe Workshop Stretcher/Shaper Eckold KF324 Shrinker Electric Floor‐Mounted 0 0 2 1.6 2 1.6 1.6 19:32 78:7 5 19:31 >24

B99.1 B99 200mm Grinding Wheel Wolf 8364 Grinder Electric Pedestal 0 0 2 7.3 71 6.7 7.3 0:56 3:45 107 00:56 03:45

B99.2 B99 Chop Saw DeWalt DW708 Saw, Circular Electric Hand‐Guided 0 0 5 3.6 39 7.7 3.6 3:51 15:26 26 03:51 15:25

B99.3 B99 Chop Saw Makita 2400B Saw, Circular Electric Hand‐Guided 0 0 12 5.4 39 7.7 5.4 1:43 6:52 58 01:42 06:51

B99.4 B99 Percussion Drill Makita 3000C Drill Electric Hand‐Held 0 0 22 7 71 8 7 1:1 4:5 98 01:01 04:04

exact match from database or site measurement

Not possible to measure not in use /on site

Exact + measured

Hourly Exposure PointsELVEAV

Time to Reach (Hours:Minutes)

Similar Generic

B99.4 B99 Percussion Drill Makita 3000C Drill, Hammer Electric Hand‐Held 0 0 48 14.8 142 15 14.8 0:14 0:55 438 00:13 00:54

B99.4 B99 Percussion Drill Makita 3000C Breaker Electric Hand‐Held 0 0 64 14.4 192 14.9 14.4 0:14 0:58 415 00:14 00:57

B99.5 B99 Percussion Drill Bosch GBH2‐24DFR Drill Electric Hand‐Held 2 27 18 9.5 71 8 27.3 0:4 0:16 1491 00:04 00:16

B99.5 B99 Percussion Drill Bosch GBH2‐24DFR Drill, Hammer Electric Hand‐Held 3 11 44 17 142 15 10.8 0:26 1:43 233 00:25 01:42

B99.5 B99 Percussion Drill Bosch GBH2‐24DFR Breaker Electric Hand‐Held 0 0 71 16.3 192 15 16.3 0:11 0:45 531 00:11 00:45

B99.6 B99 Jigsaw Bosch GST135BCE Saw, Jig Electric Hand‐Held 0 0 20 9.3 44 8.9 9.3 0:35 2:19 173 00:34 02:18

B99.7 B99 Angle Grinder 9" Bosch GWS20‐230 Grinder, Angle Electric Hand‐Held 7 10 136 9.7 303 9.2 10 0:30 1:60 200 00:30 02:00

B99.8 B99 Angle Grinder 4.5" Bosch GWS8‐115 Grinder, Angle Electric Hand‐Held 3 9.1 136 9.7 303 9.2 9.1 0:36 2:25 166 00:36 02:24

B99.9 B99 Belt Sander 4" Professional Bosch GBS100A Sander, Belt Electric Hand‐Held 1 3.1 1 3.1 37 3.7 3.1 5:12 20:49 19 05:12 20:48

B99.10 B99 Router DeWalt DW615 Router Electric Hand‐Held 0 0 2 3.4 14 4.9 3.4 4:20 17:18 23 04:19 17:18

B99.11 B99 Chop Saw Makita 2414B Saw, Circular Electric Hand‐Guided 4 6.3 7 2.8 29 6.7 6.3 1:16 5:2 79 01:15 05:02

H61.1 Structures Kit Pistol Windy Desoutter DR350 Drill Pneumatic Hand‐Held 0 0 31 4.2 124 4.5 4.2 2:50 11:20 35 02:50 11:20

H61.5 Structures Kit Rivet Gun Desoutter ACAT4X Hammer, Rivet Pneumatic Hand‐Held 1 7.5 1 7.5 27 12 7.5 0:53 3:33 113 00:53 03:33

H61.9 Structures Kit Guarded Disc Cutter Desoutter 207 ? Pneumatic Hand‐Held 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 49:60 199:60 2 >24 >24

H61.13 Structures Kit 90 Degree Drill Desoutter DR300 Drill Pneumatic Hand‐Held 0 0 31 4.2 124 4.5 4.2 2:50 11:20 35 02:50 11:20

H61.17 Board 1 On/Off Gun Ingersoll Rand 1465534 Screwdriver Pneumatic Hand‐Held 0 0 3 3.2 10 5.4 3.2 4:53 19:32 20 04:52 19:31

H61.19 Board 1 On/Off Gun Ingersoll Rand 3RTQSIEU Screwdriver Pneumatic Hand‐Held 1 3.8 3 3.2 10 5.4 3.8 3:28 13:51 29 03:27 13:51

H61.23 Board 1 On/Off Gun Ingersoll Rand 1RTQS1 Screwdriver Pneumatic Hand‐Held 0 0 3 3.2 10 5.4 3.2 4:53 19:32 20 04:52 19:31

H61.37 Board 2 Pneumatic Hi‐Lok Ratchet Aro 7270‐3 Wrench, Ratchet Pneumatic Hand‐Held 0 0 0 0 59 6.6 6.6 1:9 4:35 87 01:08 04:35

H61.39 Board 2 Pneumatic Hi‐Lok Ratchet Gardner Denver A90‐6435 Wrench, Ratchet Pneumatic Hand‐Held 0 0 0 0 59 6.6 6.6 1:9 4:35 87 01:08 04:35

H61.40 Board 3 Pistol Windy Stewart Warner 41220 Drill Pneumatic Hand‐Held 0 0 0 0 124 4.5 4.5 2:28 9:53 41 02:28 09:52

H61.41 Board 3 Pistol Windy Desoutter F251‐P Drill Pneumatic Hand‐Held 0 0 31 4.2 124 4.5 4.2 2:50 11:20 35 02:50 11:20

H61.42 Board 3 Pistol Windy Snap‐On PDR5 Drill Pneumatic Hand‐Held 0 0 2 4.7 124 4.5 4.7 2:16 9:3 44 02:15 09:03

H61.44 Board 3 Pistol Windy Desoutter ? Drill Pneumatic Hand‐Held 0 0 31 4.2 124 4.5 4.2 2:50 11:20 35 02:50 11:20

H61.48 Board 3 Pistol Windy Desoutter F1036 Drill Pneumatic Hand‐Held 0 0 31 4.2 124 4.5 4.2 2:50 11:20 35 02:50 11:20

H61.50 Board 3 Impact Gun RED ‐ Small Impact Gun Pneumatic Hand‐Held 1 3 0 3 1 3 3 5:33 22:13 18 05:33 22:13

H61.52 Board 3 Rivet Gun Ingersoll Rand ? Hammer, Rivet Pneumatic Hand‐Held 0 0 0 0 27 12 12 0:21 1:23 288 00:20 01:23

H61.55 Board 3 Rivet Gun Atlas Copco RRN‐22P Hammer, Rivet Pneumatic Hand‐Held 0 0 10 4.4 27 12 4.4 2:35 10:20 39 02:34 10:19

H61.56 Board 3 Rivet Gun CPT 7X Hammer, Rivet Pneumatic Hand‐Held 0 0 0 0 27 12 12 0:21 1:23 288 00:20 01:23

H61.57 Board 3 Rivet Gun Atlas Copco RRN‐31P Hammer, Rivet Pneumatic Hand‐Held 0 0 10 4.4 27 12 4.4 2:35 10:20 39 02:34 10:19

H61.58 Board 3 Rivet Gun Vickers ? Hammer, Rivet Pneumatic Hand‐Held 0 0 0 0 27 12 12 0:21 1:23 288 00:20 01:23

H61.59 Board 3 Rivet Gun Aerospace Tools 200B Hammer, Rivet Pneumatic Hand‐Held 0 0 0 0 27 12 12 0:21 1:23 288 00:20 01:23

H61.61 Board 3 Rivet Gun US Industrial Tools 100B Hammer, Rivet Pneumatic Hand‐Held 0 0 0 0 27 12 12 0:21 1:23 288 00:20 01:23

H61.62 Board 3 Skin Pin Gun Ingersoll Rand 7 Inserter Pneumatic Hand‐Held 0 0 0 0 2 2.1 2.1 11:20 45:21 9 11:20 >24

H61.63 Board 3 Skin Pin Gun Ingersoll Rand W880‐201R Inserter Pneumatic Hand‐Held 0 0 0 0 2 2.1 2.1 11:20 45:21 9 11:20 >24

H61.65 Board 3 Nut Runners APT 150D2 Wrench, Impact Pneumatic Hand‐Held 0 0 0 0 155 9.9 9.9 0:31 2:2 196 00:30 02:02

H61.66 Board 3 Nut Runners APT 1000RD1 Wrench, Impact Pneumatic Hand‐Held 0 0 0 0 155 9.9 9.9 0:31 2:2 196 00:30 02:02

H61.67 Board 4 30 Degree Windy Desoutter D315‐5 Drill Pneumatic Hand‐Held 0 0 31 4.2 124 4.5 4.2 2:50 11:20 35 02:50 11:20

H61.71 Board 4 90 Degree Windy Desoutter D314‐5 Drill Pneumatic Hand‐Held 0 0 31 4.2 124 4.5 4.2 2:50 11:20 35 02:50 11:20

H61.72 Board 4 90 Degree Windy Atlas Copco ? Drill Pneumatic Hand‐Held 0 0 8 3.9 124 4.5 3.9 3:17 13:9 30 03:17 13:08

H61.77 Board 4 Right Angle Grinder Sure ? Grinder, Angle Pneumatic Hand‐Held 0 0 6 4.1 137 4 4.1 2:58 11:54 34 02:58 11:53

H61.83 Board 4 Straight Windy ? ? Drill Pneumatic Hand‐Held 0 0 0 0 124 4.5 4.5 2:28 9:53 41 02:28 09:52

H61.84 Board 4 Air Ratchet ? ? Wrench, Ratchet Pneumatic Hand‐Held 0 0 0 0 59 6.6 6.6 1:9 4:35 87 01:08 04:35

H61.85 Board 4 Air Ratchet Desoutter 2D4201‐LX Wrench, Ratchet Pneumatic Hand‐Held 0 0 5 5.5 59 6.6 5.5 1:39 6:37 61 01:39 06:36

H61.86 Board 4 Air Ratchet Desoutter ? Wrench, Ratchet Pneumatic Hand‐Held 0 0 5 5.5 59 6.6 5.5 1:39 6:37 61 01:39 06:36

Test EquipmentVectorSum

2m/s

Manufacturer Measuredand Model

HAV

Points

1 HOUROperation Material

Table 2 . Measured Vector Sum vibration values and 1 Hour Exposure Points with single tool running time for not exceeding EAV and ELV daily exposures.

Measurements made by INVCUser Info :

Exposure

5 m/s A(8)

2.5 m/s A(8) Exposure Action Value (EAV) :

Exposure Limit Value (ELV) :

2The Control of Vibration at Work Regulations 2005 ........

2

Time - single tool use:

minutes minutes 5 m/s

for not exceeding

22.5 m/s 2ELVEAV

Plant,Fleet, orSerial number

Workshop - Airframe Workshop

6062 Gun, rivet BR4-3 16002 72Riveting titanium 6.0 33383

6064 Gun, rivet Ingersol Rand 1040Riveting titanium 22.8 236

Workshop - B99

6065 Sander, Belt Bosch GBS100A 19Sanding Wood 3.1 1249312

Workshop - Board 3

6061 Gun, impact Pasolade 18Tightening U Metal 3.0 1333333

Workshop - Machine Shop

6066 Router 19Routing aluminium 3.1 1249312

Workshop - Structures

6060 Cutter, disc Desoutter 207 2Cutting Steel 1.0 > 24 hr> 24 hrH61.9

Workshop - Structures Kit

6063 Gun, rivet Desoutter ACAT4X 113Riveting titanium 7.5 21353

Notes: 1. The Vector Sum value is for typical operations on day of measurement with the individual tools measured.

R7639.gc Table 1 : (Page 1 of 1)Copyright © 2000-2006 HAV-Base: HAV database application developed by

Industrial Noise and Vibration Centre Ltd, Slough : 01753 698800

2. The single tool running time is the time that the hand can be in contact with vibration (ie "Finger-on-trigger" time)without exceeding the stated daily exposure value.

Data extracted from and processed by HAV-Base - the INVC database of field hand-arm vibration measurements.User Note :

Test Description "Finger-on-trigger" Daily Exposure 10% Risk of Single Tool

decimal hours minutesTime A(8) finger blanching

yearsRunning Time

2m/s

VibrationMeter

Overload

ManufacturerModel

VectorSum

HighestAxis

2m/s 2m/s Exposure

Points

aka

with the single tool running time which does not exceed a Daily Vibration Exposure A(8) of 2.5 m/s2

Table 3: Daily Exposure A(8) for the stated "Finger-on-trigger" time and measured Vector Sum vibration values


TASK

5 m/s A(8) 2.5 m/s A(8)Exposure Action Value (EAV) : Exposure Limit Value (ELV) : 2

The Control of Vibration at Work Regulations 2005 .........2

Workshop - Airframe Workshop6062 Gun, rivet - Pneumatic BR4-3 16002 1.00 6.03.8 2.1 72Stuarts Rivet Gun > 8 83

6064 Gun, rivet - Pneumatic Ingersol Rand 1.00 22.817.0 8.1 1040Alistairs Rivet Gun 3.5 6

Workshop - B996065 Sander, Belt - Electric Bosch GBS100A 1.00 3.12.0 1.1 19 > 8 312

Workshop - Board 36061 Gun, impact - Pneumatic Pasolade 1.00 3.02.0 1.1 18Small Red impact > 8 333

Workshop - Machine Shop6066 Router - Electric 1.00 3.11.9 1.1 19Fixed Head Router > 8 312

Workshop - Structures6060 Cutter, disc - Pneumatic Desoutter 207 1.00 1.00.7 0.4 2Guarded Disc Cutt > 8 > 24 hr

Workshop - Structures Kit6063 Gun, rivet - Pneumatic Desoutter ACAT4X 1.00 7.55.0 2.7 113Rivet Gun > 8 53

Table 2: (Page 1 of 1)

3. Years for 10% Risk of finger blanching is a rough guide for an "average" person based on a tentative relationship. Calculated value is only applicable between 1 and 8 years.

R7639.gc

Notes: 1. Measured vibration values are for typical operations on the day of measurement with the individual tools measured.

4. The single tool running time is the time that the hand can be in contact with vibration without exceeding the daily vibration exposure value stated in the title of this table.

2. Daily Exposure and Task Exposure Points - (displayed only for vector sum assessment) are highly dependent on accurate "Finger-on-trigger" time.


Copyright © 2000-2006 HAV-Base: HAV database application developed by Industrial Noise and Vibration Centre Ltd, Slough : 01753 698800

Industrial Noise and Vibration Centre, Slough : 01753 698800 R7639.GC A1

APPENDIX A HAV ASPECTS OF THE CONTROL OF VIBRATION AT WORK REGULATIONS 2005

This appendix describes the main requirements of the regulations relating to hand-arm vibration, provides information on manufacturers’ and suppliers’ duties, the tentative relationship between vibration exposure and damage and includes a glossary of vibration terms.

SUMMARY OF MAIN REQUIREMENTS

The Regulations came into force on 5 July 2005 and replace previous HSE guidance.

1 Risk Assessment Employers who carry out work which is liable to expose any employees to risk from vibration must carry out a “suitable and sufficient” risk assessment.

2 Risk from vibration exposure Where there is a risk from vibration exposure the employer must:

(i) Ensure that the risk from the exposure of his employees to vibration is either eliminated at source or, where this is not reasonably practicable, reduced to as low a level as reasonably practicable.

(ii) Keep records of the risk assessments, control options, health surveillance records.

(iii) Review and update the risk assessment regularly, particularly if changes occur or it is no longer valid.


3 Exposure Action Value : EAV : 2.5m/s2 A(8)

Where the daily personal HAV exposure is likely to equal or exceed the EAV the employer must: (i) Reduce exposure to as low a level as is reasonably practicable by establishing and

implementing a programme of organisational and technical measures which is appropriate to the activity.

(ii) Ensure that the employee is placed under suitable health surveillance. (iii) provide the employee with suitable and sufficient information, instruction and training.

4 Exposure Limit Value : ELV : 5m/s2 A(8)

Where the daily personal HAV exposure is likely to exceed the ELV the employer must take immediate action to:

(i) Reduce exposure to vibration below the limit value.

(ii) Identify the reason for the limit being exceeded.

(iii) Modify the measures taken to prevent it being exceeded again.

5 Assessment indicates risk If the risk assessment indicates that there is a risk to the health of an employee who is, or is liable to be, exposed to vibration, even if their exposure is below the EAV, the employer must:

(i) Ensure that the employee is placed under suitable health surveillance.

(ii) Provide the employee with suitable and sufficient information, instruction and training.

6 Weekly HAV exposure Weekly averaging of daily exposure is not generally applicable. It allows for occasional daily exposure above the ELV under very restricted circumstances and stringent conditions. To qualify for weekly averaging, exposure must usually (on most days) be below the EAV. It is most likely to apply in cases of emergency work (ie rescue services or intensive urgent work on a single day).

7 Transitional period (ELV requirements) The transitional period applies only to the exposure limit value. All other requirements of the Regulations (came into force from 6 July 2005) and must be complied with from that date. The transitional period is intended to allow a reasonable period of time for the introduction of new working methods, designs of equipment etc, which eliminate or reduce vibration exposure and to allow time for equipment with reduced vibration emission to be developed and introduced. Exposures above the exposure limit value arising from use of any equipment supplied to workers before 6 July 2007 (ie existing equipment, or second- hand equipment, or equipment from hire companies) may continue right up to 6 July 2010, but only if it is not reasonably practicable to purchase or hire newer, lower-vibration tools or to introduce alternative working methods which would reduce exposures below the ELV. Regularly review the availability of lower-vibration equipment or work methods and if it becomes reasonably practicable to introduce lower-vibration equipment or work methods before 6 July 2010, then do so.


It is important to remember that the transitional period is not a licence to do nothing at all. Even if exposures cannot be reduced below the exposure limit value it must be reduced to as low a level as is reasonably practicable and plans made for longer-term strategy to reduce exposures below the limit value by July 2010.

Note: Expert guidance should be sought for the applicability of any legislative instruments as the above notes are only intended to link generally relevant areas of the topic.

MANUFACTURERS’ AND SUPPLIERS’ DUTIES

Designers, manufacturers, importers and suppliers have had responsibilities since 1974 under Section 6 of the Health and Safety at Work etc Act 1974 to supply machines and equipment which, so far as reasonably practicable, are safe and without risks to health, and to supply information about safe use.

"The Supply of Machinery (Safety) Regulations 1992" (as amended) is the UK implementation of the “Machinery Directive” 98/37/EC. It establishes the essential health and safety requirements relating to the design and construction of machinery supplied in the European Economic Area. Machines must be so designed and constructed that the risks resulting from vibration (and noise) are reduced to the lowest level taking account of technical progress and the availability of means to reduce vibration (and noise) particularly at source.

Suppliers must not only give specific information regarding airborne noise emission but also in the case of hand-held or hand-guided machines, information regarding vibration. Provide in the information / instructions accompanying

• hand-held or hand-guided machines, information on vibration emissions which reach or exceed

2.5 m/s2

• mobile machines, information on hand-transmitted vibration emissions which reach or exceed

2.5 m/s2

• when vibration does not exceed 2.5 m/s2, this must be mentioned

Note: this is usually the vibration emission of the machine measured to test codes under

laboratory conditions. It is not 2.5 m/s2 A(8), the EAV in the CoVaWR (ie the daily vibration doseof the operator averaged over an 8 hour day under real field conditions).

Equipment must be CE-marked to show that it complies with the requirements of the above regulations and specific health and safety information should be provided in an instruction book.

General advice on the supply of new equipment is provided in “Supplying New Machinery” HSE INDG270 04/98.

Note: Expert guidance should be sought for the applicability of any legislative instruments as the above notes are only intended to link generally relevant areas of the topic.


VIBRATION EXPOSURE AND DAMAGE

In depth advice on Hand-Arm Vibration (HAV) and what can be done to control it is presented in HSE guidance (L140), and the employer leaflet and employee pocket card provide less detailed advice (HSE INDG 175 (rev 2), 06/05 and HSE INDG 296 (rev 1), 06/05). Annex C of British Standard BS EN ISO 5349-1 : 2001 (reference 9) is informative only, but provides tentative information on the relationship between vibration exposure and effects on health. Table C.1 relates the daily weighted vibration exposure level A(8) to the number of years' exposure that may cause finger blanching in about 10% of the vibration exposed population.

The relationship shown above is only tentative, so it should be treated only as a rough guide for an “average” person.

Note: There is considerable uncertainty in the above data. The state of knowledge of the dose effect relationship is limited. The probability of a vibration exposed individual developing finger blanching depends on several factors, including individual susceptibility.

The Exposure Action Value is based on an rms average vibration level over an 8 hour working day which

would cause a vector sum daily weighted vibration exposure of 2.5 m/s2

A(8) and similarly an Exposure

Limit Value of 5 m/s2 A(8).

Length of working day (hours) 16 8 4 2 1 ½

rms average vibration level (m/s2) to give 2.5 m/s

2

A(8)

1.8 2.5 3.5 5 7.1 10

rms average vibration level (m/s2) to give 5 m/s2 A(8) 3.6 5 7 10 14 20

However, a vibration dose of 2.5 m/s2 A(8) should not be considered a safe level. Annex C of BS EN ISO

5349 suggests that “symptoms of the hand-arm vibration syndrome are rare in persons exposed with an 8 hour energy-equivalent vibration total value A(8) at a surface in contact with the hand of less than 2

m/s2 and unreported for A(8) values of less than 1 m/s2".


HAND-ARM VIBRATION RISK ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT GLOSSARY OF TERMS

1 VIBRATION TERMS Hand-Arm Vibration (HAV) Assessment The primary purpose of a vibration assessment is to identify those people exposed to high vibration equipment, so that action can be taken to manage the HAV problem and minimise the risk of vibration white finger (or hand-arm vibration syndrome).

Hand-Arm Vibration or HAV - Mechanical vibration transmitted directly to the hands in contact with the vibrating surface.

Vibration-Induced White Finger : VWf - Intermittent blanching affecting the fingers arising from a disorder caused by exposure to hand transmitted vibration. Often triggered by cold and may be accompanied by numbness.

Raynaud’s Phenomenon - A condition where there is insufficient circulation of blood, usually with intermittent spasms and involving the fingers. Symptoms include blanching. Primary Raynaud’s phenomenon includes VWf but symptoms are identical. Named after Maurice Raynaud (1834 to 1881).

Blanching - A withdrawal of normal colour or a white appearance usually of the fingers.

Frequency Weighting, Wh - This frequency weighting reflects the assumed importance of different frequencies in causing injury to the hand. It is a low frequency band pass filter defined in British Standard BS EN ISO 5349-1 : 2001 for HAV measurements. Vibration at frequencies between 8 and 16 Hz are given most weight, vibration below 2Hz and above 1500Hz is not thought to cause damage.

Band-Pass Filter - A filter which transmits energy at all frequencies between two given frequencies and attenuates at all other frequencies.

Daily Personal Vibration Exposure - Vibration measurements should be taken following HSE guidance (ref L140) to “The Control of Vibration at Work Regulations 2005", the UK implementation of the Physical Agents (Vibration) Directive which came into force in July 2005. A person’s daily vibration exposure A(8) depends on the vibration to which they are exposed whilst in contact with vibrating equipment and how long the exposure lasts.

Mechanical Filter - Mechanical filters are designed to reduce the high-frequency vibration reaching the accelerometer, while allowing the vibration at hand-arm frequencies to pass unaffected. For impact/percussive tools, the use of mechanical filters helps to avoid errors due to distortion of the acceleration signal (“dc-shift” and overloads). See Annex C (informative) of BS EN ISO 5349- 1:2001 for more details.

Weekly average of daily vibration exposure - use of weekly exposure is rare. When daily vibration exposure is usually below the exposure action value, but varies markedly and may occasionally exceed the exposure limit value the Regulations allow the exposure to be averaged over a week for the purposes of comparison with the exposure limit value.

Industrial Noise and Vibration Centre, Slough : 01753 698800 R7639.GC B1

APPENDIX B INSTRUMENTATION USED, VIBRATION MEASUREMENT

INSTRUMENT OVERLOAD AND IMPACT TOOLS

Instrumentation used for measured field HAV data within HAV-Base

Hand-Arm Vibration measurements Larson

Davis Human Vibration Meter Type: HVM100 S/N: 00610

Larson Davis Tri-axial Accelerometer Type: SEN020 S/N: P31617

Bruel and Kjaer Accelerometer Calibrator Type 4291 S/N: 472410

Bruel and Kjaer Mechanical Filter Type UA0559

EPM Type VIS-015 Hand-Arm Vibration Meter S/N: 060318

Monitran accelerometer Type MTN/1810F/236 (to extend measurement range of EPM meter)

S/N: 168908

Bruel and Kjaer Accelerometer Calibrator Type 4291 S/N: 472410

Bruel and Kjaer Mechanical Filter Type UA0559

Vibration measurement Initial checks confirmed satisfactory operation of the equipment. Careful checks were made whilst measuring to monitor the vibration signals and check for overload of the instrumentation. The sensitivity of the (triaxial) accelerometer/instrument was checked in all three axes before and after measurements using an accelerometer calibrator and found to be within specification.

Measurements were made using guidance provided by BS EN ISO 5349-1 : 2001 “Mechanical vibration - measurement and assessment of human exposure to hand-transmitted vibration - Part 1 : general guidelines”. The accelerometer / fixture was carefully placed on the handle of the tool, rigidly clamped with an adjustable band clamp and aligned with the axes specified by the Standard. For percussive tools, British and International Standards (Annex C (informative) of BS EN ISO 5349-2:2002) discuss the use of mechanical filters to help avoid errors due to distortion of the acceleration signal (“dc-shift” and overloads). Additional information on impact tools is presented at the end of this Appendix.

The instantaneous vibration value was monitored during each test to ensure the level remained relatively steady. For each handle, the test was carried out for sufficient time to obtain an accurate representation of the vibration value. Usually at least three test runs are made (c 20 to 30 seconds each), unless the variation in measured values is large - when up to six test runs are made. The average of the measured vibration values for each axis is taken as the subsequent vibration value of the equipment and it is noted in this report. These frequency weighted RMS values ahw are representative of continuous “finger-on-trigger” tool operation. No allowance is made for time spent loading, unloading, workpiece preparation or other periods of time/work pattern which will reduce operator exposure. These are the vibration levels measured on the tool with a low frequency weighting filter applied (as specified in the International Standard) which quantifies the relative importance of different frequencies and corresponds to the way vibration is imparted into the hands and causes damage.

Notes: The field values are typical for the conditions under which the plant was operating during these tests. Different values may be obtained under other operating conditions.

If the measurement instrument indicates that meter overloads have occurred, this is noted for the plant concerned on each of the results tables, appendices or graphical summary.

Industrial Noise and Vibration Centre, Slough : 01753 698800 R7639.GC B2

INSTRUMENTATION OVERLOAD

Instrumentation overload can occur when measuring hand-arm vibration of percussive or roto- percussive power tools such as breakers, impact wrenches, needle guns or hammer drills etc. Overload of the instrument chain (accelerometer or meter input amplifier) causes distortion of the vibration acceleration signal.

When the results show that meter overload has occurred, the measured vibration values may be inaccurate and should only be used as a rough guide - in the absence of accurate vibration data.

IMPACT TOOLS

The vibration of impact tools varies dramatically depending on ground state and material, tooling fitted, condition of machine, airline pressure and other factors. In addition the accurate measurement of vibration on heavy duty impact tools is very difficult due to the inherent impulsive nature of the vibration produced and high peak accelerations (which can overload some instruments and even break accelerometers).

The HSE daily limit for operator exposure is based on limited historical vibration data that may not have truly reflected the impulsive nature of vibration from impact tools - which can now be measured more accurately with modern instrumentation. It is suspected that the daily dose relationship may be non-linear at the high vibration levels produced by impact tooling.


5 m/s A(8)




2

Appendix C: Hand-Arm Vibration Assessment

Equipment Details

Hand-Arm Vibration Assessment:

Additional Information

Notes : Arithmetic average of 3 readings taken. 15 second measurements.

Data Source : INVC Report

Data Type : FIELD

Equipment : Gun, rivet

Manufacturer :

Model : BR4-3 16002

Plant or Serial No :

Power : Pneumatic

Ref : R7639.gc

aka : Stuarts Rivet Gun

Tool /accessory :

Task :

Op Conditions : Medium Titanium Rivets

TestID : 6062

Age : months (since last refurbishment)

Date : 20/05/2014

Dept : Workshop - Airframe Workshop

Client : Thomson Airways Luton

Operation : Riveting

Material : titanium

Type : Hand-Held

Handle1: Body 2.73 3.8 3.78

Handle2:

1.00

Frequency weighted

decimal A(8) years

2.16.0

VectorSum

Meter Overload:

vibration values

x y z

hours

"Finger-on-Measured HAV Data

trigger" timeexposure

minutes

10% Risk2m/s

2m/s> 8

Years for 10% Risk of finger blanching is a rough guide for an "average" person, based on a tentative relationship.

for not exceedingSingle Tool Running Time

Note

83

Time AEAV

minutes333

Time LELV HAV

2m/s points

exposureOne Hour

72

of fingerblanching

Daily


Page 1 of 7R7639.gcCopyright © 2000-2010 HAV-Base: HAV database application developed by



5 m/s A(8)




2


Equipment Details





Data Type : FIELD


Manufacturer : Ingersol Rand

Model :


Power : Pneumatic

Ref : R7639.gc

aka : Alistairs Rivet Gun

Tool /accessory :

Task :


TestID : 6064


Date : 20/05/2014

Dept : Workshop - Airframe Workshop



Material : titanium

Type : Hand-Held

Handle1: Body 10.5 11 17

Handle2:

1.00

Frequency weighted

decimal A(8) years

8.122.8

VectorSum

Meter Overload:

vibration values

x y z

hours



minutes

10% Risk2m/s

2m/s3.5



Note

6

Time AEAV

minutes23

Time LELV HAV

2m/s points

exposureOne Hour

1040

of fingerblanching

Daily





5 m/s A(8)




2


Equipment Details





Data Type : FIELD

Equipment : Sander, Belt

Manufacturer : Bosch

Model : GBS100A


Power : Electric

Ref : R7639.gc

aka :

Tool /accessory : 4" professioanl

Task :

Op Conditions : sanding piece of pine

TestID : 6065


Date : 20/05/2014

Dept : Workshop - B99


Operation : Sanding

Material : Wood

Type : Hand-Held

Handle1: Trigger 1.49 1.54 1.38

Handle2: Front 2.02 1.42 1.83

1.00

Frequency weighted

decimal A(8) years

1.13.1

VectorSum

Meter Overload:

vibration values

x y z

hours



minutes

10% Risk2m/s

2m/s> 8



Note

312

Time AEAV

minutes1249

Time LELV HAV

2m/s points

exposureOne Hour

19

of fingerblanching

Daily





5 m/s A(8)




2


Equipment Details



Notes : Arithmetic average of 3 readings taken. 20 second measurements. Measurement taken under trigger.


Data Type : FIELD

Equipment : Gun, impact

Manufacturer : Pasolade

Model :


Power : Pneumatic

Ref : R7639.gc

aka : Small Red impact Gun

Tool /accessory :

Task : un/Tightening titanium screws/fasteners

Op Conditions : Titanium screw fasteners

TestID : 6061


Date : 20/05/2014

Dept : Workshop - Board 3


Operation : Tightening Untightening

Material : Metal

Type : Hand-Held

Handle1: Main Handle 1.35 1.82 2.02

Handle2:

1.00

Frequency weighted

decimal A(8) years

1.13.0

VectorSum

Meter Overload:

vibration values

x y z

hours



minutes

10% Risk2m/s

2m/s> 8



Note

333

Time AEAV

minutes1333

Time LELV HAV

2m/s points

exposureOne Hour

18

of fingerblanching

Daily





5 m/s A(8)




2


Equipment Details



Notes : Arithmetic average of 2 readings taken. 20 second measurements. Length of job: small batch of 20 @ 30sec per job. 1 batch pcm


Data Type : FIELD

Equipment : Router

Manufacturer :

Model :


Power : Electric

Ref : R7639.gc

aka : Fixed Head Router

Tool /accessory :

Task : exterior profile cutting - aluminium plate

Op Conditions :

TestID : 6066


Date : 20/05/2014

Dept : Workshop - Machine Shop

Client : Thomson Airways - Luton

Operation : Routing

Material : aluminium

Type : Pedestal

Handle1: Right horizontal 1.79 1.91 1.72

Handle2:

1.00

Frequency weighted

decimal A(8) years

1.13.1

VectorSum

Meter Overload:

vibration values

x y z

hours



minutes

10% Risk2m/s

2m/s> 8



Note

312

Time AEAV

minutes1249

Time LELV HAV

2m/s points

exposureOne Hour

19

of fingerblanching

Daily





5 m/s A(8)




2


Equipment Details



Notes : Arithmetic average of 3 readings taken. 20 second measurements


Data Type : FIELD

Equipment : Cutter, disc

Manufacturer : Desoutter

Model : 207

Plant or Serial No : H61.9

Power : Pneumatic

Ref : R7639.gc

aka : Guarded Disc Cutter

Tool /accessory : 22,000rpm

Task : Cutting Stainless Steel

Op Conditions : 3M Green Corps cutting disk

TestID : 6060


Date : 20/05/2014

Dept : Workshop - Structures


Operation : Cutting

Material : Steel

Type : Hand-Held

Handle1: Main 0.72 0.5 0.56

Handle2:

1.00

Frequency weighted

decimal A(8) years

0.41.0

VectorSum

Meter Overload:

vibration values

x y z

hours



minutes

10% Risk2m/s

2m/s> 8



Note

> 24 hr

Time AEAV

minutes> 24 hr

Time LELV HAV

2m/s points

exposureOne Hour

2

of fingerblanching

Daily





5 m/s A(8)




2


Equipment Details





Data Type : FIELD


Manufacturer : Desoutter

Model : ACAT4X


Power : Pneumatic

Ref : R7639.gc

aka : Rivet Gun

Tool /accessory :

Task :


TestID : 6063


Date : 20/05/2014

Dept : Workshop - Structures Kit



Material : titanium

Type : Hand-Held

Handle1: Body 3.61 4.29 5

Handle2:

1.00

Frequency weighted

decimal A(8) years

2.77.5

VectorSum

Meter Overload:

vibration values

x y z

hours



minutes

10% Risk2m/s

2m/s> 8



Note

53

Time AEAV

minutes213

Time LELV HAV

2m/s points

exposureOne Hour

113

of fingerblanching

Daily




hand-arm vibration management and risk ... report 1406.pdfreport hand-arm vibration management and...

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