Hamilton and Jefferson

Hamilton Jefferson

Constitution Loose Interpretation

Strict Interpretation

National Government

Strong Federal Government

Supported stronger state governments

Economy Business and Manufacturing

Agriculture and Labor

Foreign Policy Supported Britain, saw US becoming more like Britain

Supported France

The Federalists in ChargeChapter 9-3

Washington Retires

Washington Retires

• Washington’s 2 terms were a success!• Warned American’s about 2 things upon

his retirement:– Warned of the dangers of political parties

(such political differences can weaken the country)

– Warned that agreements with foreign nations might work against U.S. interests (economic agreements should be the only agreement)

Growth of Political Parties

• Political Parties grew out of different beliefs on how the government should run.

• How do we interpret the Constitution??

?

Growth of Political Parties

? Strict Interpretation

v.

Loose Interpretation

Growth of Political Parties

• Alexander Hamilton forms the Federalist Party

• Thomas Jefferson/James Madison form the Democratic-Republican party

The First Political Parties

FEDERALISTSDEMOCRACTIC-REPUBLICANS

Strong National Government Limited National Government

Fear of Mob Rule Fear of rule by one person

  or a powerful few

Loose Construction (interpretation of

Strict Construction (interpretation)

of the Constitution of the Constitution

Favored National Bank Opposed National Bank

Economy based on manufacturing Economy based on farming

and shipping  

Supporters: lawyers, merchants,Supporters: farmers, trades people

manufacturers, clergy  

Political Party Propaganda Poster

Using the information you learned in class today, and the chart in your book (pg. 288), create a political poster advertising your party. Your poster must have the following:

1. Slogan2. 3 reasons people should join your party.3. Illustrate a political cartoon with color, explaining

why a person should want to join your party versus the other.

4. Use an 8 X 10 blank sheet of paper, without lines.

John Adams Takes Office

John Adams Takes Office

• 1796 – 1st election in which political parties compete

• Federalist – John Adams

• Dem. Rep – Thomas Jefferson

• Adams won 71 votes and Jefferson won 68

• According to the Constitution, the runner-up would be the new Vice-President

Problems with France• France and

England still at war• French began

seizing U.S. ships trading with British

• Adams sends Pinckney, Gerry, and Marshall to meet with French minister

• French agents offer to meet with U.S. reps only if they pay a bribe

• Known as XYZ Affair

• US reps refuse, and Congress authorizes US to start seizing French vessels

The Alien and Sedition Acts

• Conflict with France made Adams and Federalists very popular with the public.

• Many Dem-Rep were sympathetic to France– Started blasting Adams in

newspapers

• To silence the critics, Adams passed the Alien and Sedition Acts– targeted aliens-immigrants

who were not yet citizens– Increased waiting time to

become citizen– Gave President power to

arrest disloyal citizens, or kick them out of the country during wartime

– Outlawed sedition, saying or writing anything false or harmful against the government

The Alien and Sedition Acts

The Alien and Sedition Acts

• With these acts, Freedom of Speech and Press were shut down

• Dem-Rep fought the Alien and Sedition Acts in a theory called state’s rights– States have rights that

the federal government can’t take away

• Jefferson wrote the Kentucky Resolutions, proposing that states had the right to nullify federal law within the state

• Madison wrote Virginia Resolution stating that state could place itself between federal government and the citizens

The Alien and Sedition Acts

• No other states supported Kentucky and Virginia

• However…within two years the Democratic-Republicans won control of Congress, and they repealed the Alien and Sedition Acts, or let them expire between 1800 and 1802.

Peace with France

• Adams resumed talks with France• Two sides quickly signed the

Convention of 1800, an agreement to stop all naval attacks

• This made Adams very unpopular with the Federalists

Peace with France• Adams then lost the

election of 1800 to Thomas Jefferson

• Adams and Jefferson, once close friends, did not speak for many years

• Both died on the 50th anniversary of the Declaration of Independence signing, 7/4/1826

“Thomas Jefferson still lives”

Find a partner and answer the following questions on 1 sheet

of paper.

• Do you think that illegal citizens of the United States are entitled the same protections of the Constitution as legal citizens? Write 3 sentences explaining your answer.

• If journalists write or broadcast news stories that seem way to critical about the U.S. government, even to the point where the President cannot function, does the government have the right to throw those journalists in jail for a short amount of time? Explain in at least 3 sentences.

• If the U.S. Government grants you citizenship, but feels suspicious that you might be involved in “un-American” activities without any proof, do they have a right to kick you out of the U.S. and revoke your citizenship? Explain your answers in at least 3 sentences.

• Should journalists be kicked out the U.S. for being “un-American” if there is truly an intent to be malicious towards an individual in the government, even if it isn’t true? Explain your answer in at least 3 sentences.

Alien and Sedition Acts (pg. 290-291)

1. What did the Federalists label the Dem.- Reps.?2. Who did John Adams blame for the criticism on

him, and what did he create to silence those critics?

3. Who was targeted under John Adams’ new acts?4. What did the Alien Act do?5. What did the Sedition Act do?6. What happened to one Vermont Congressman?7. How did the Dem.-Reps. Try to fight these new

acts?8. What is nullification, and why was nullification

proposed?9. What eventually happened to the acts?