hala_summer course 2013 v5

7/28/2019 HALA_summer Course 2013 v5

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HALA! SESAR

Research Network

Summer School

DESIGNING THE FUTURE AIR TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT

SYSTEM

La Granja 15th -18th July, 2013 www.hala-sesar.net

Dimensions of automation: best time, best place and best actorRosa Arnaldo, UPM

Levels of Automation and Task

Allocation


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HALA! SESAR

Research Network

Summer School

215/07/2013

BEST TASK / FUNCTIONALLOCATION FOR THE DIFFERENT

ATM PROCESSES


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Research Network

Summer School

15/07/2013 3

Heritage : SESAR paradigm sift

Shift from Airspace Based operation towards a Trajectory Based operation concept.

Aims to ensure that the Airspace User flies its trajectory close to its intent in themost efficient.

Shift from Tactical Management towards a more Proactive system,

Implementing different planning layers where decision about trajectories can be taken in advance to accommodateuser needs, de-conflict trajectories and reduce as much as possible human tactical intervention over the aircraft.

Shift from a controller-based system towards a more distributed system

Decisions about aircraft trajectories are taken by the actor that is in the best position for each moment and scenario totake such decision.

In the ATM Target Concept it is recognised that humans will

constitute the core of the future European ATM Systems

operations. However, to accommodate the expected traffic

increase, an advanced level of automation support for the

humans will be required. D3. ATM Target Concept. SESAR.


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Research Network

Summer School

15/07/2013 4

Controllertask load

issue

Automation for theroutine controller task

Better methods ofdata input and data

management Automation support to

conflict / interactiondetection, situationmonitoring andconflict resolution

Reduction in the need

for controller tacticalintervention

Increase inintegrated

automationsupport

Human shift from controllingtasks to monitoring

New tasks for the human

Human centered philosophy ?

Foster trust and confidence?

Automation limitsbased on human

performanceconsequences


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HALA! SESAR

Research Network

Summer School

15/07/2013 5

Heritage : SESAR paradigm sift
http://www.google.es/url?sa=i&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=dg-1JLonhe794M&tbnid=OoxEn72AUWGT8M:&ved=0CAgQjRwwADgd&url=http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=trying-to-forget&ei=h5DaUdudLumf7Aagn4CQDw&psig=AFQjCNENbyxAT7USdpCXWyjPnnP3GH117g&ust=1373364743873202http://www.google.es/url?sa=i&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=dg-1JLonhe794M&tbnid=OoxEn72AUWGT8M:&ved=0CAgQjRwwADgd&url=http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=trying-to-forget&ei=h5DaUdudLumf7Aagn4CQDw&psig=AFQjCNENbyxAT7USdpCXWyjPnnP3GH117g&ust=1373364743873202


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Research Network

Summer School

15/07/2013 6

New paradigm shift in ATM and

Automation

The Building Blocks

1

2 3New role

assignmentbased on:

best time decision place

best player

Automationdriven by

overallsystem

performance

Focus on ATMInvariant

Processes


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HALA! SESAR

Research Network

Summer School

15/07/2013 7

New paradigm shift in ATM

Automation

The three interdependent dimensions for theparadigm change

New role assignment based on :

First dimensionBEST TIME for

decision making:Strategic vs. tacticalplanning layer

Second dimensionBEST PLACE:

Controlled vs.autonomy.

Third dimensionBEST PLAYER:

Human vs.automated player.


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Research Network

Summer School

15/07/2013 8

First dimension : BEST TIME

First dimensionBEST TIME for

decision making:Strategic vs. tactical

planning layer

This deals withfinding the right time

to act along theanticipatory to the

compensatorytimeframe

When the task should beinitiated and the degree oranticipatory/compensatory

content.


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Research Network

Summer School

15/07/2013 9

First dimension: :BEST TIME

Targeting

Monitoring

Regulating

Tracking

Situation assessment

Current understanding Goals/Targets

Information

Goals/Targets Plans/Objectives

Plans/Objectives

Measurements/Feedback

Situation assessment

Actions/Target values

Actions/Target values Corrective actions

Anticipated

control

Compensatory

control

Figure taken from Erik Hollnagel

Working with what is planned to happen Trajectoryplanning: Central Controlled Management?

Working with what is actually happening Trajectory

monitoring: Autonomous Management?


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Research Network

Summer School

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Second dimension : BEST Place

Second dimension

BEST PLACE:

Controlled vs.

autonomy.

Where, amongthe system

components,

these tasks

should be

allocated

This involves centric

versus autonomous

consideration to

decide which place is

best suited to take

the required decision


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Research Network

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Third dimension : BEST PLAYER

Third dimension BEST

PLAYER: Human vs.

automated player.

Who will execute

the task.

This deals with

deciding to what

extent human or anautomated function

should participate in

the decision


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LEVELS OF AUTOMATION

10. The computer decides everything, acts autonomously, ignoring the human.

9. Informs the human only if, the computers, decides to.

8. Informs the human only if asked.

7. Executes automatically, then necessarily informs the human.

6. Allows the human a restricted time to veto before automatic execution.

5. Executes that suggestion if the human approves.

4. Suggests one alternative.3. Narrow the selection down to a few.

2. The computer offers a complete set of decisions/actions alternatives.

1. The computer offers no assistance, human must take all decision and

actions.

HIGH

LOW

Sensory

Processing

Perception/

Working memory

Decision

Making

Response

Selection

Information

Acquisition

Implementation

Information

Analysis

Implementation

Decision

Selection

Implementation

Action

Implementation

Third model: A model of types

and level of automation


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Information

AcquisitionImplementation

Automation

Level

Information

AnalysisImplementation

Automation

Level

Decision

SelectionImplementation

Automation

Level

Action

Implementation

Automation

Level

HIGH

LOW

HIGH

LOW

HIGH

LOW

HIGH

LOW

System B

System A




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Research Network

Summer School

15/07/2013 14

Information

AcquisitionImplementation

Automation

Level

Information

AnalysisImplementation

Automation

Level

Decision

SelectionImplementation

Automation

Level

Action

Implementation

Automation

Level

HIGH

LOW

HIGH

LOW

HIGH

LOW

HIGH

LOW

For reliable

automation

For reliable

automation

For low risk

function

For high risk

function

For high level automation

and high risk function




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Research Network

Summer School

15/07/2013 15


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EXERCISE : Let practice

Limits

Automation level ( 0 to 10)

Centric/autonomous

Optimal llocation

Worst case

Ideal llocation


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15/07/2013 17

Characterize the ATM Invariant Proccesesaccording to the 3 dimensions



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Research Network

Summer School

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ICAO Invariant Processes


AIRSPACE

ORGANISATION

AND

MANAGEMENT AIRPORT

OPERATIONS

AIRCRAFT

OPERATIONS

CONFLICTMANAGEMENT

DEMAND

AND

CAPACITY

MANAGEMENT

ATM SERVICE

DELIVERY

MANAGEMENT

SEQUENCE AND

METERING

OPTIMISATION

(Traffic

Synchronization)
http://www.google.es/url?sa=i&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=Xgw_vZKFYl2QaM&tbnid=mKflPwaEUmQoeM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.babylessons.ru/igra-golovolomka-tangram/&ei=XN_eUbTIF6PM0QWxnoGgCw&psig=AFQjCNF6nVKLs2alA3d_hC6wcDAkt_XeUA&ust=1373646842998468


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Research Network

Summer School

15/07/2013 20

Good luck with the exercise ...

and keep a balanced ATM

hala_summer course 2013 v5

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