hagun rigging study and lifting study
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Lifting Study
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Rigging
Study
Lifting
Study
Installation
Sequence
Project Management
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START
DATA MATERIAL:
DIMENSION & WEIGHT
REFERENCE:RIGGING BOOK + EQUIPMENT MANUAL + Standard Rigging
NEED DUO CRANE
TAILING DESIGNMONO CRANE
No
Yes
JSA
RIGGING PLAN
STOP
REPORT
ACTION
CONTROL
Risk
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R i g g i n g S t u d y1. Weight of Material
2. Dimension of Material
3. Center Gravity
1. Sling Dimension
2. Lifting Lug3. Shackle
4. Spreader Beam
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L i f t i n g S t u d y1. Site Arrangement
2. Site Elevation
3. Free Space4. Ground and Access
1. Type of LiftingSolo Crane / Duo Crane
2. Type of Crane
Rough Terrain / Truck Crane / Crawler
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10
L i f t i n g S t u d y
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LiftingProcedure
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STEP 1
LIFTING TOOLS IN SPECIAL CONDITION
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STEP 2
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STEP 3
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STEP 4
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Displacement
Frame Analysis
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Displacement
Stress Analysis
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RIGGING DEPARTMENT LOGO
.LIFT
SWINGMOVE
DOWN
In safety corridor
THINK SAFE
DO SAFELY
SAFETY FIRST
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Rigging Study
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What is
Rigging?
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Definition of Rigging
Rigging is part of the lifting
operation which forms the link
between the crane and the load
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Rigging
Study
Lifting
Study
Installation
Sequence
Project Management
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START
DATA MATERIAL:
DIMENSION & WEIGHT
REFERENCE:
RIGGING BOOK + EQUIPMENT MANUAL + Standard Rigging
NEED DUO CRANE
TAILING DESIGNMONO CRANE
No
Yes
JSA
RIGGING PLAN
STOP
REPORT
ACTION
CONTROL
Risk
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R i g g i n g S t u d y1. Weight of Material
2. Dimension of Material
3. Center Gravity
1. Sling Dimension
2. Lifting Lug3. Shackle
4. Spreader Beam
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R i g g i n g S t u d y
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L i f t i n g S t u d y1. Site Arrangement
2. Site Elevation
3. Free Space4. Ground and Access
1. Type of LiftingSolo Crane / Duo Crane
2. Type of Crane
Rough Terrain / Truck Crane / Crawler
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Training Objectives:
Review fundamentals of
rigging
the load
the hitch
attachments
sling angle
D/d ratio
General use guidelines
Provide answers totechnical questions
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Rigging - Plan
Who is responsible for the rigging?
Is the equipment in safe condition?
Are the working load limits adequate?
Will the load be under control? Are there any unusual loading or environmental
conditions?
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Rigging Basics The Load
Load weight shall be within rated capacity of the sling*ASME B30.9
*such that no part of the rigging
is overloaded
A COMPLETE UNDERSTANDING OF THE LOAD FORCES IS REQUIRED!35
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Rigging Basics The Load
Load weight may be obtained from:
equipment nameplate
packing list
drawings shipping tag
weighing the load
an estimate or calculation of load weight
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Rigging Basics The Load
Load information:
Size
Weight
Center of gravity
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Rigging Basics The Load
Load information:
Size
Weight
Center of gravity The center of gravity is the point at
which a load will balance - and thatpoint must be directly below the hookor principal lifting point.
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Rigging Basics The Load
Load information:
Size
Weight
Center of gravity
The center of gravity is the point at which aload will balance - and that point must be
directly below the hook or principal liftingpoint.
An object will tilt until its center of gravity ISdirectly below the hook.
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Rigging Basics The Load
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Load information:
Size
Weight
Center of gravity
The center of gravity is the point
at which a load will balance - andthat point must be directly belowthe hook or principal liftingpoint.
An object will tilt until its centerof gravity IS directly below the
hook. If an object is evenly shaped
measure to find the center ofgravity
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Rigging Basics The Load
Load information:
Size
Weight
Center of gravity
The center of gravity is the point at which a load will balance - andthat point must be directly below the hook or principal liftingpoint.
An object will tilt until its center of gravity IS directly below thehook.
If an object is evenly shaped measure to find the center of gravity
Determination of center of gravity of unevenly shaped objects canbe very complicated mistakes or bad assumptions can result indisastrous consequences
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Rigging Basics The Load
Load information:
Size
Weight
Center of gravity
The center of gravity is the point at which a load will balance - andthat point must be directly below the hook or principal liftingpoint.
An object will tilt until its center of gravity IS directly below thehook.
If an object is evenly shaped measure to find the center of gravity
Determination of center of gravity of unevenly shaped objects canbe very complicated mistakes or bad assumptions can result indisastrous consequences
Always make the load connection point is above the center ofgravity
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Center of Gravity
Finding the center of gravity based on weights
3000 #
6000 #
2000 #
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Center of Gravity
Finding the center of gravity based on weights
6000 #
2000 #
6000/(6000+2000)
= 3/4 = 75%75%
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Center of Gravity
Finding the center of gravity based on weights
8000 #
8000/(8000+3000)
= .73 = 73%
3000 #73%
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Center of Gravity
Other methods of establishing COG
require supplier to mark COG
find by trial lifts
find by trial and error
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Center of Gravity
Other methods of establishing COG
require supplier to mark COG
find by trial lifts
find by trial and error
Caution: weight must be known and rigging may
need to be oversized before using anytrial method
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Rigging Basics - Hitches
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Rigging Basics - Hitches
Vertical having the load
suspended vertically on
a single part or leg of
the sling.
Characteristics:
Load capacity is 100 % that of a single part
Taglines should be used if the load tends to rotate as
rotation can damage the sling. Use on items with lifting eye bolts or shackles or when a
second sling is used in a spreader bar application
Do NOT use when lifting loose or lengthy material,
anything difficult to balance
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Rigging Basics - Hitches
Basket - loading with the sling passed under theload and both ends on the hook, master
link, or lifting device
Characteristics:
Effectively doubles the capacity of a singlevertical sling
Stress on each leg tends to be equalized
Use on straight lifts when the load is shaped so
that the sling (or slings) will not slide over the
surface.
Do NOT use on loads that are difficult tobalance and could tilt or slip out of the sling(s).
When terminating to a common point (like a
hook), sling angle can reduce sling capacity.
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Rigging Basics - Hitches
Choker loading with the sling passed through
one eye or choker hook and
suspended by the other end
Characteristics:
Choker hitch is easy to attach & forms a noose
that tightens as the load is lifted
Rated capacity is 75% of the single part*.
Use to turn a load (if possible use a double
choker hitch) or when handling bundles of bars orpipes
Do NOT use on loads difficult to balance or which
may slip out the choke
* based on wire rope and chain slings, 120 degree angle of choke 51
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Rigging Basics - Hitches
Choke angle the angle formed between the load
line and the noose
Angel of Choke
Rated Capacity Factor*
120 - 180 = 100%
90 - 119 = 87%
60 - 89 = 74%
30 - 59 = 62%
0 - 29 = 49%
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Rigging Basics - Hitches
Do not confuse choke angle with angle of inclination of
the load
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Rigging Basics - Hitches
Choker hitches are not suited to long loose bundles
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Rigging Basics - Hitches Double Wrap Basket Hitch
adjustment of slings is required while taking upslack to avoid overloading one side of the sling
(this applies to all basket hitches)
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Rigging Basics - Hitches
Turning loads with a
choker hitch
Loads in legs will equalize
during lifting
Loads in legs will tend not
to equalize during lifting
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Rigging Basics Sling Angle
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Rigging Basics Sling Angle
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Sling angle has a dramatic effect on the actual load on the sling. Take asling that has a 1000 pound vertical lifting capacity in a basket hitch:
As angle decreases - tension on each leg increases - increasing the strain on each leg
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Rigging Basics Sling Angle
A different look, with the same load and sling, changingthe angle has a similar dramatic effect
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Rigging Basics Sling Angle
The sling angle factor equals H divided by L, the inverse,
L/H, can also be used to calculate sling load
L/H is useful to calculate sling load when the vertical force is known.L/H for common angles is approximately: 60 - 1.2; 45 - 1.4; 30 - 2
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Rigging Basics
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Rigging Basics
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Sling Angle Example ProblemSelect slings to pick up the load shown below.
CG28
10,000#
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Sling Angle Example ProblemSelect slings to pick up the load shown below.
CG28
10,000#
First, we need to know the vertical load at each
connection point, A and B to support the load.
A B
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Sling Angle ExampleSelect slings to pick up the load shown below.
CG28
10,000#
We know we want to position the hook
directly over the center of gravity
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Sling Angle ExampleSelect slings to pick up the load shown below.
CG28
10,000#
Next we know the sling furthest away from the hook
will have the smallest angle, so well size it first and
base our sling angle at the optimal angle of 60.
60
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Sling Angle ExampleSelect slings to pick up the load shown below.
CG28
10,000#
Since the angle is 60, the height of the hook is now
fixed as is the sling length. Because the angle is 60,
the sling length is twice the base length (2 x 8 = 16).
60
16
Cosine 60 = 0.5 68
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Sling Angle ExampleSelect slings to pick up the load shown below.
CG28
10,000#
Knowing the L/H = 1.2 for 60 sling angle, the height of
the hook is
L/H = 1.2
H = 16/1.2
H = 13.3 feet
60
13.3
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Sling Angle ExampleSelect slings to pick up the load shown below.
CG28
10,000#
Additionally, knowing that L/H = 1.2 for 60 sling angle, the load
on sling A = 1.2 x ForceA or 1.2 x 2,000# = 2,400#.
60
13.3
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Sling Angle ExampleSelect slings to pick up the load shown below.
CG28
10,000#
Sling Bs length can now be calculated to an exact number.
Length of Sling B = (13.3)2 + (2)2 = 13.44 feet
60
13.3
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Sling Angle ExampleSelect slings to pick up the load shown below.
CG28
10,000#
Using wire rope slings, EIPS grade, 6x19 class rope
with a mechanical splice,
Sling A needs to be 3/8-in. diameter min.
Sling B needs to be -in. diameter min.
60
13.3
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Rigging Basics D/d Ratio
D/d ratio is the ratio of the diameteraround which the sling is bent dividedby the body diameter of thesling. Whenever a sling body is bentaround a diameter, the strength of thesling is decreased.
Application: 6x19 and 6x37 Class rope, may not apply to cable laid or braided slings
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Rigging Basics D/d Ratio
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Rigging Attachments
Sockets
swaged and poured
socket assemblies shall
be proof tested
mechanical splice single
vertical leg slings test
shall be 2 times vertical
load limit
ASME B30.976
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Rigging Attachments
Shackles
used only those rated for
overhead lifting
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Rigging Attachments
Shackles
synthetic web slings
connected to shackles of
sufficient size to not
cause bunching orpinching of the sling
Use wide shackles to
prevent pinching orbunching
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Rigging Attachments
Hooks inspect before use, use ASME B30.10or a recognized Engineering Standard
Spread
hook
Where is the hook latch??79
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Rigging Attachments
Hooks avoid eccentric loading of hooks
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Rigging Attachments
Hooks
do not exceed 90 degrees included angle when connecting
two slings in a hook. If you have an included angle more than
90 degrees, or more than two legs, use a shackle or a master
link to connect.
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Rigging Attachments
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Rigging Attachments
Turnbuckles
Turnbuckles can be used to adjust sling length. Be sure to use
only load rated components
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Rigging Attachments
Eye bolts
use only forged eye bolts rated for lifting
never use if damaged, bent, elongated
never use regular eye bolts for angular lifts
always seat shoulder against the load
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Rigging Attachments
Eye bolts always shim eye bolts to seat shoulder in-line for
angular loading
for angular lifts reduce working load
45 degrees 30% of rated working load
90 degrees 25% of rated working load
Angle of pull
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Rigging Attachments
Eye bolt - rigging
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Rigging Attachments
Eye bolt - rigging
How to prevent load buckling?
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Rigging Attachments
Spreader beam - A below-the-hook lifting device that utilizestwo or more hooks (attachingdevices) located along a beamand the spreader beamattaches to the hoist by means
of a bail. The spreader beamis used to handle long or wideload and serves to "spread"the load over more than onelifting point. Often used inconjunction with slings.
Note: a common misconception of spreader beams is that they equalize the loading
along the beam. They do not! Spreaders only eliminate horizontal forces from affecting
the load being hoisted.
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Rigging Attachments
Spreader beam
Spreader Beam
Center of gravity
L
1/2 L
Fa
FbWith the CG off center of
the hook as shown, the vertical
force at Fa will be 75% of the
load weight and the vertical force
at Fb will be 25% of the totalload weight.
No horizontal forces will be
exerted on the load.
Total Weight = W
1/2 L
Load
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Rigging Attachments
Spreader beam
Spreader Beam
Center of gravity
L
1/2 L
Fa
FbWith the CG off center of
the hook as shown, the vertical
force at Fa will be 75% of the
load weight and the vertical forceat Fb will be 25% of the total
load weight.
No horizontal forces will be
exerted on the load.
Total Weight = W
1/2 L
Load
As shown, will the
load be level during
hoisting?
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Rigging Attachments
Spreader beam
The load will tilt until
the center of gravity
aligns with the hook.
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Rigging Attachments
Spreader beam
Center of gravity
L
L
Fa
Fb
Without the use of a spreader
beam, the vertical forces remain
the same, however, the sling load
is a function of the sling angle and
the sling load will be higher thanthe sling between the spreader
and the load.
There will, in this case, be
horizontal forces exerted upon
the load, dependent upon the
sling angle.Total Weight = W
Fh
Fh
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General Use Guidelines
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General Use Guidelines
Pre-use and periodic inspection is required on all slingand rigging components
OSHA 1926.251, 1910.184 93
Periodic inspection
frequency/records Periodic inspectionperformed by ? Frequent inspectionfrequency/records Label*
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Chain slings OSHA 1910.184(e)(3)at least
annually with records
ASME: normalannually; severe
servicemonthly to
quarterly with records
OSHAcompetent person
ASME - competent person
OSHAbefore use
(1910.184(d) w/o records
ASME: normalmonthly;
severe servicedaily to
weekly w/o records
OSHAsize, grade, rated cap.,
& reach
ASME: mfgr., grade, size, no. of
legs, reach, rated load for
hitches
Wire rope
slings
OSHAnone
ASMEbased on service, at least
annually with records
OSHAno periodic
ASMEcompetent person
OSHAbefore use
(1910.184(d)
ASMEdaily w/o records
OSHAnone
ASMEmfgr., size, rated load
for type of hitch & angle
Synthetic web
slings
OSHAnone
ASME
recommended at leastannually based on service,
records recommended
OSHAno periodic
ASME - competent person
OSHAbefore use
(1910.184(d)ASME - daily w/o records
OSHArating @ each type of
hitch, type of materialASMEmfgr., mfgr. Stock no.,
rated load for each type of
hitch, material type &
construction
Metal meshslings
OSHA
noneASME - based on service, at least
annually; records
recommended
OSHA
no periodicASME - competent person
OSHA
before use(1910.184(d)
ASMEdaily w/o records
OSHA
rated @ vertical andchoker hitch loading
ASMEmfgr., rated load for
hitch & angle, width and
gauge
* Sling I.D., per ASME B30.9, shall be maintained to be legible for the life of the sling 94
General Use Guidelines
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General Use Guidelines
Rigging equipment shallnot be loaded beyond
its recommended
working load limit (WLL)
OSHA 1926.251
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General Use Guidelines
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General Use Guidelines
When not in use, rigging shall be removed from workarea and properly stored
OSHA 1926.25196
General Use Guidelines
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General Use Guidelines
During lifting, personnel shall bealert for possible snagging
ASME B30.997
General Use Guidelines
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General Use Guidelines
Slings should be longenough so that rated
load is adequate
ASME B30.998
General Use Guidelines
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General Use Guidelines
Multiple leg slings shall be selected so as not to introduceinto the leg, a load greater than permitted
ASME B30.9Note: select multiple leg slings based on two
legs supporting the entire weight of the load and
the other leg(s) balancing the load.
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General Use Guidelines
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General Use Guidelines
Shock loading should be avoided
ASME B30.9100
General Use Guidelines
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General Use Guidelines
The load shall be applied to the center of the hook(unless the hook is designed for point loading)
ASME B30.9101
General Use Guidelines
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General Use Guidelines
When used in a choker hitch, prevent the load on anyportion of the sling from exceeding the rated load
ASME B30.9102
General Use Guidelines
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General Use Guidelines
Slings shall not be shortened by knotting or twisting
ASME B30.9103
General Use Guidelines
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General Use Guidelines
Slings should not be pulled from under a load when theload is resting on the sling
ASME B30.9104
General Use Guidelines
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General Use Guidelines
Slings should not be dragged on the floor
ASME B30.9105
General Use Guidelines
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General Use Guidelines
Sharp corners in contact with the sling should bepadded
ASME B30.9106
General Use Guidelines
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General Use Guidelines
The following slide is not for the faint of heart. If you are are bothered
by accident scenes, do not look at the screen until the All Clear
signal is given.
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General Use Guidelines
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General Use Guidelines
And not Be the suspended load!!
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No Homemade Slings
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No Homemade Slings
WARNINGNo wire rope sling shall be fabricated using wire rope clips!!
Preferred sling construction is to use
a Flemish eye splice with a mechanical
sleeve (turn back construction is not
recommendable)
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RIGGING DEPARTMENT LOGO
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.LIFTSWING
MOVEDOWN
In safety corridor
THINK SAFEDO SAFELY
SAFETY FIRST