Prof. Peter Mustermann I Institute of xxxxx I www.hzdr.deMember of the Helmholtz Associationpage 1

B. Kampfer I Institute of Radiation Physics I www.hzdr.de

Hadrons in Nuclear Matter:Sensors of the QCD Vacuum?

B. Kämpfer

Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf Technische Universität Dresden

QCD Sum Rules: condensates and hadron spectral functions (line shapes,peak position)Hadron Model: adjustment to data (transparency ratios - widths)

Changes of hadron properties in mediumcarry signals of the way in whichthe vacuum changes in a nuclear environment W. Weise, NPA 574 (1994) 347c

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WMAP

or Einstein‘s constant or ?

sensors for the vacuum

Dark Energy:

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Nucleus as QCD Laboratory

Hadrons as Excitations of/above Vacuum Probes of Changed QCD Vacuum?

BonnMainz

JülichDarmst.

Darmst.

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Zeeman & Stark Effects

shifts & splittings of atomic spectral lines

Hadrons in Nuclear Matter:shifts of hadron energies („mass shifts“)?new structures (ph exct) in spectral fncts?

courtesy PANDA

pA:Scheinast et al.(KaoS), PRL 2006

pA: CBMp_bar A: PANDA

understanding hadronic part of QCD

Vacuum Mag. Field

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QCD Vacuum

Medium Modifications:

prominent condensates:

low n T-n effects:Zschocke et al. EPJA (2002)

frame dependent (Unruh)

spin-0

a priori undetermined mass-dimensioned parameters in OPE of color-singlet ccc‘s

spontaneous symmetry breakingdilatation symmetry breaking

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condensate = vacuum + density dep. part

q density

sigma term

QCD trace anomaly

GORlattice

charmoniumscalar

twist-2 DIS pdf

DIS pdf

DIS pdf

GLS SR

fac. hyp.

twist-3 pdf

fac. hyp.

>Narison

if real condensate:couples to gravity

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Fiorilla, Kaiser, Weise, arXiv:1104.2819

Highlighting the Chiral Condensate

V-A mixingshifts of pole massesbroadening (merging into continuum)

lattice QCD

The CBM Physics BookSpringer 814 (2011)

Fodor et al. J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 230 (2010)

Hadrada, Yamawak Phy.Rep. (2003)Brown-Rho (PRL 1991):

Kapusta-Shuryak (PRD 1994):

Hatsuda-Lee (PRC 1992): dropping mass of light vector mesons if

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Change the Excitation Spectrum of Hadrons

hadron spec. fnct.

OPE hypothesis (e.g., neglect instanton contributions)

hadronic information in

QCD SR: SVZ, NBP (1979)Bochkarev, Shaposhnikov, NPB (1986)

or retated ccc

Leupold 2005

Wilson, PR (1969)

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QCD Sum Rules: Predictions of Medium Modifications?

(i) as solution of integral eq. (Fredholm 1): too scarce information on OBE side

(ii) MEM:

(iii) moments: mean (= center of gravity) – OK variance (= width) skewness (= deformation) kurtosis (= up/down shot)

too large gapin powers of M

(iv) insert hadronic model

(v) pole + continuum ansatz

truncate: i < 6 (8, 12)

Titov, BK, PRC (2007)

Kwon, Weise, PRC (2010):another hierarchy+chiral gap

Gubler, Morita, Oka, arXiv 1104.4436

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CB-TAPS PRL (2005), PRC (2010)

strong density dependenceof combined 4-quark conds.

also dim-8contributions:

no

rm.

mo

men

t

Thomas/Zschocke/BK, PRL (2005)

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3 indep. sets of combinationsof 4-q conds. enter

Nucleons in Nuclear Matter

Thomas, Hilger, BK, NPA (2007) 20 - 40

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phenomenologicalpoint of view

Plohl et al.,PRC (2006)

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pseudo-scalar D - D

Open Charm Mesons in Nuclear Matter towards FAIR: CBM + PANDA

T. Hilger et al., JPG 2010

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Hilger, BK, NPB 2010

Hilger, BK, PRC 2009

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Weinberg type sum rules for chiral partners of

zero in vacuum

heavy-light mesons

heavy-quark symmetry:

= =

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BUU

Width of Strangeoniump

proposed by Hernandez, Oset, ZPA (1992)

PLB (2011) Polyansky‘s talk

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K+

K-

Rossendorf BUU transport code for Ar(1.76 AGeV) + KCl

data: HADES PRC (2008) Schade, Wolf, BK, PRC (2010)

HADES, PRC (2010): 40 MeV

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p(2.5 GeV) + Au

data: KaoS PRL(2006)

p(2.5 GeV) + C

C Cu Aup(2.83 GeV) +

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p = projectile

attenuation of projectile absorption of ejectile

photo (electro) production: „illumination“ of whole nucleusproton (p_bar) induced production: „illumination“ of front side

p

abs

only for primary reactions

FAIR

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in Valencia – Paryev models:

analog in omega and phi photo-production

CLAS, PRL (2011)

CLAS PRL (2010)

CBELSA-TAPSPRL (2008)

prediction of broadening:Klingl, Wass, Weise, PLB (1998)

Spr

ing-

8: Is

hika

wa

et a

l., P

LB (

2005

)

V e+e-

Oset, Cabrera,...

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Summary

Medium changes of condensates (should) drive medium modifications of hadrons

QCD sum rules: no direct link to shape of hadron spect. fncts. (improvement by MEM evaluation expected) Landau term vs. density effects in condensates

No direct link of QCD vacuum condensates to cosmic budget (Brodsky, Shrock, PRC (2010): condensates are included in hadron masses; Klinkhamer, PRD (2010): gluon cond.)

Hadron model (BUU): large phi absorption cross section( strong broadening by comparison with ANKE data)

Apologies to many authors of the many hadron modelsExperimental survey: P. Salabura‘s talk

Reviews: Hayano, Hatsuda, Rev. Mod. Phys. (2010) Leupold, Metag, Mosel, Int. J. Mod. Phys. (2010) CLAS (Djalali, Wood, ...)

+ M. Weber‘s (HADES) contribution

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SU(2) chiral limit, leading order in n:

Thorsson, Wirzba, NPA (1995)Meissner et al., Ann. Phys. (2002)

low-energy pi-A scattering, pionic atoms chiral softening

Jido et al., PLB (2008)

no rigorous relation of

Dey et al. PLB (1990)

in accordance with Weinberg‘s chiral sum rule

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B. Kampfer I Institute of Radiation Physics I www.hzdr.deMember of the Helmholtz Associationpage 24

Hadrons as Excitations of/above Vacuum

vacuumE = 0

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center of gravity of

B QCD SR(omega meson)

resonance +continuum:

semi-loc. duality:

Landau

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Towards Chiral Restoration

spont. breaking of chiral symmetryNambu-Goldstone mode of QCDno parity doubling à la Wigner

L R V A

expl. breaking of chiral sym.

dropping chiral condensate: transition to Wigner-Weyl mode

motivation to seek for medium modifications of hadrons

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Emergence of Structure

Quantum Field Theory

Standard Model

Gra

vity

QCD

3 2 1

e.w.

HadronsEFT: ChPT, ...

Nucleiab initio calc.

e.w.

e.w.

hadrons

hadrons

nuclei

Phenomenological Models:OBE, ...

Nuclear „Theory“

Transport Codes

sym

me

try