hadasa lev\'s portfolio 2012 (low res)
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GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMSURBAN DESIGN
STUDENT SAMPLE WORKARCHITECTUREDEVELOPMENT REVIEWENVISION SAN JOSE 2040DISTINCTIVE NEIGHBORHOOD PROGRAMURBAN DESIGN KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT
P O R T F O L I OHADASA LEV LEED AP BD+C 2012
1
URBAN DESIGN
lEADERShIp mEEtING NOtESAtlANtA, mARch 9-11, 2011
GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS - Walkability research project presented at the 2012 national American Planning Association conference –
This project was completed within the framework of a Geographic Information Systems (GIS) class at San Jose State University, San Jose, California and explores the relationship between urban form and walk-ability. Market Street in San Francisco was chosen as a case study. The walkability of Market Street was measured using three walkability tools:
1. The walkability section of LEED ND (Neighborhood Development) rating system - This section is within the Neighborhood Pattern and Design section of LEED ND and addresses issues related to: facades and entries; building height to street width ratios; sidewalk continuity and width; etc.
2. Walk Score - Walk Score generates a walkability score by mapping out the walking distance to certain
WALKABILITY
amenities such as parks, restaurants, schools, etc. Its focus is primarily on land use rather than form: http://www.walkscore.com/
3. Public Life Survey - this survey was conducted by the City of San Francisco as part of the Better Market Street project. Volunteers counted the number of people passing by specific locations along Market Street between 8am-6pm on a weekday and a weekend.
This project was presented at the 2012 National American Planning Association conference in Los Angeles and was well received. It was also presented at Perkins+Will to the San Francisco office and virtually to the urban design leadership in the firm.
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HOW WALKABLE IS MARKET STREET?
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COWEL
L PL
MALVINA PL
DASHIE
LL H
AMM
ETT
ST
GR
EN
ARD
TER
QUICKSTEP LN
BOSW
ORTH W
AY
POLL
ARD P
L
VENAR
D ALY
LURMONT TER
EATO
N PL
COLIN PL
HODGES A
LY
IMPE
RIAL A
LY
DELGADO PL
BRET
HAR
TE T
ER
HOOKER ALY
DORIC A
LY
CHARLT
ON CT
WORDEN
ST
MEA
CHAM P
L
DUNNES ALY
GA
LLA
GH
ER
LN
DEHON ST
ACORN ALY
HOMER ST
WARNER PL
GERKE ALY
FISHER ALY
PRES
COTT C
T
SPENCER ST
TAN
DAN
G S
OR
A
BERGEN ALY
ICEH
OUSE A
LY
BANNEK
ER W
AY
MARCY
PLSO
UTHAR
D PL
GREENW
ICH C
T
KEYE
S AL
Y
NOB HILL PL
ENTERPRISE ST
JACK KEROUAC ALY
CH
ARLE
S J
BR
EN
HA
M P
L
WIN
DSOR P
L
NOTTINGHAM PL
HARLOW
ST
RUSSIA
N HIL
L PL
LYSE
TTE
ST
KRAU
SGRIL
L PL
HOBART ALY
PARKH
URST A
LY
UNNAMED
111
TORREN
S CT
VERDI PL
FORT
MAS
ON 21
PONTI
AC S
T
VIA
FERLI
NGHETTI
CALHOUN T
ER
LA FERRERA TER
BLACKSTONE CT
NORTH V
IEW
CT
TOUCHAR
D ST
BOB
KAUFM
AN A
LY
WAG
NER A
LY
OCTAVI
A ST
WALLER ST
TREAT AVE
I-80 E ON RAMP
POLK
ST
HAMPSHIRE S
T
LOMBARD ST
OFARRELL ST
WELSH ST
FERN ST
WALLER ST
PIER
CE ST
LAUSSAT ST
HW
Y 101 S ON
RAM
P
CHESTNUT ST
CLAY ST
WILLOW ST
GREENWICH ST
6TH
ST
ELM ST
ALAMEDA ST
BUCHAN
AN S
T
08TH
ST
PIER
CE ST
15TH ST
I-280
N O
N RA
MP
NORTH POINT ST
I-80 W OFF RAMP
I-280
N O
FF RAMP
CALIFORNIA ST
06TH
ST
GO
UG
H S
T
DAVIS
ST
MONTG
OMER
Y ST
FRANCISCO ST
ELM ST
DIVISION ST
CAPP ST
FRANCISCO ST
FULTON ST
TREN
TON S
T
OFARRELL ST
WILLOW ST
NATOMA
ST
ELLIS ST
MAS
ON ST
CLEMENTINA ST
KEAR
NY ST
ELLIS ST
OFARRELL ST
REDWOOD ST
ALABAMA
ST
LARCH ST
HAYES ST
CLAY ST
STOCKT
ON ST
ELM ST
DORLAND ST ALBIO
N ST
ERIE ST
I-80 W ON RAMP
VALLEJO ST
TEHAMA ST
I-80
W O
FF R
AMP
CHINA BASIN ST
CHANNEL ST
OCTAVI
A ST
AUSTIN ST
15TH ST
CLINTON PARK
I-280 N OFF RAMP
I-80 E OFF RAMP
LARKI
N ST
GREEN ST
BERRY ST
GREENWICH ST
MARIPOSA ST I-80 T
O HW
Y 101 R
AMP
18TH ST
FRANCISCO ST
CLEMENTINA ST
OLIVE ST
BUCHAN
AN S
T
KING ST
VALLEJO ST
SAN BRUNO AV
E
WEB
STER
ST
ELLIS ST
MINNA
ST
I-80 E ON RAMP
WIS
CONSIN S
T
UNION ST
15TH ST
DO
RE
ST
TEHAMA ST
MYRTLE ST
STOCKT
ON ST
HEMLOCK ST
CHESTNUT ST
BROADWAY
FRONT
ST
05TH
ST
CAROLINA
ST
STOCKT
ON ST
SPEA
R S
T
BEAL
E ST
MA
IN S
T
2ND
ST
4TH
ST
3RD
ST
9TH
ST
8TH
ST
10TH
ST
EDDY ST
POST ST
EDDY ST
GEARY ST
O'FARRELL ST
GRANT
ST
POW
ELL S
T
MAS
ON ST
TAYL
OR ST
JONES
ST
HYDE
ST
PINE ST
BUSH STBUSH ST
SUTTER ST
TURK ST
FELL ST
17TH ST
CALIFORNIA ST
16TH ST
PINE ST
I-280
NO
RTH
BOU
ND
BUSH ST
FOLSOM ST
POST ST
JACKSON ST
NOE ST
SCOTT
ST
BRYANT ST
PACIFIC AVE
UNION ST
BAY ST
OAK ST
HYDE
ST
I-80 EASTBOUND
GREEN ST
HARRISON ST
SUTTER ST
FILBERT ST
18TH ST
PAGE ST
21ST ST
ELLIS ST
LAGUNA
ST
TURK ST
04TH
ST
SACRAMENTO ST
GOUGH ST
JONES
ST
HWY 101 SOUTHBOUND
STEI
NER S
T
15TH ST
FRAN
KLIN
ST
LARKI
N ST
HOWARD ST
14TH ST
FILL
MORE
ST
VALLEJO ST
ELLIS ST
TAYL
OR ST
POW
ELL S
T
CASTRO S
T
VALE
NCIA S
T
07TH
ST
WASHINGTON ST
BROADWAY
MCALLISTER ST
YORK ST
BRANNAN ST
GRANT
AVE
19TH ST
DIAMOND S
T
02N
D S
T08TH
ST
DE HARO S
T
LEAV
ENW
ORTH S
T
05TH
ST
SHOTWELL
ST
BRODER
ICK
ST
INDIA
NA ST
GEARY ST
GROVE ST
ILLIN
OIS S
T
20TH ST
GREENWICH ST
10TH
ST
KING ST
TOWNSEND ST
SANSO
ME
ST
PIER
CE ST
BATT
ERY
ST
11TH
ST
CO
LUM
BUS
AVE
BAKE
R ST
MA
IN S
T
RHODE ISLA
ND ST
IVY ST
BEAL
E ST
DUBOCE AVE
1ST
ST
MARIPOSA ST
VERMONT ST
BUCHAN
AN S
T
MISSOURI S
T
EUREKA ST
SPEA
R S
T
KANSAS ST
ARKANSAS ST
MARINA BLVD
PENNSYLVANIA
AVE
UTAH S
T BERRY ST
TEXAS S
T
WIS
CONSIN S
T
AVIL
A ST
PERRY ST
HAR
RIE
T ST
BEACH ST
OWENS S
T
THE
EMB
ARC
AD
ERO
MISSIS
SIPPI S
T
12TH ST
LIBERTY ST
ALAMEDA ST
STATES ST
FREM
ON
T S
T
CLARA ST
CONNECTICUT
ST
HENRY ST
OAK ST
MINNESOTA
ST
FRONT
ST
SHIPLEY ST
COLLIN
GWOOD S
T
STEVENSON ST
HERMANN ST
DIVISION ST
CHANNEL ST
OCTAVI
A ST
PIXLEY ST
DO
RE
ST
LEXIN
GTON S
T
STILLMAN ST
BLUXOME ST
RIT
CH
ST
LINDEN ST
DRUMM
ST
DAVIS
ST
WEB
STER
ST
AUSTIN ST
ROBERT C LEVY TUNL
TEHAMA ST
SAN CARLO
S ST
HARTFORD S
T
ROOSEVELT WAY
CASELLI AVE
RU
SS S
T
I-280
S O
N RAM
P
STE
UAR
T S
T
FIFT
H ST
SATURN ST
TERRY A
FRANCOIS
BLV
D
LINDA
ST
CLEMENTINA ST
MOULTON ST
CER
VANTE
S BLVD
CHANNEL
JOIC
E ST
FERN ST
JULIA
N AVE
BEAVER ST
OLIVE ST
MISSION BAY NORTH BLVD
MISSION BAY SOUTH BLVD
YUKON ST
IRWIN ST
LAN
GTO
N S
THANCOCK ST
CAMPUS WAY
I-80 E ON RAMP
NELSON RISING LN
ALHAMBRA ST
I-80 W OFF RAMP
TABER PL
MARINA GREEN DR
ALPI
NE TE
R
KEAR
NY ST
LANDERS S
T
CEDAR ST
MO
RR
IS S
T
13TH ST
I-80 T
O HW
Y 101 R
AMP
POLK
ST
ZOE
ST
NORTH POINT ST
WILMOT ST
FREELON ST
MA
LLOR
CA W
AY
OR
D C
T
SOUTH ST
GENE FRIEND WAY
WILLOW ST
BUENA VISTA EAST AVE
06TH
ST
STOCKT
ON TUNL
LONG BRIDGE ST
GIL
BER
T S
T
TRANSBAY LOOP
I-80 W ON RAMP
ERIE ST
HICKORY ST
WELSH ST
HAW
THO
RN
E S
T
EAGLE ST
HOOPER ST
MCCOPPIN ST
CAPRA WAY
ELM ST
BERNARD ST
SIXTH
ST
BRIDGEVIE
W W
AY
FORD ST
POPE
RD
DIVIS
ADERO ST
HEMLOCK ST
TERRA VISTA AVE
MICHIG
AN ST
MAGNOLIA ST
GERMANIA ST
MO
SS
ST
LEVA
NT S
T
SAIN
T JO
SEPH
S AV
E
HOFF S
T
DEL
ANC
EY
ST
CHULA LN
RIC
O W
AY
POND ST
KISSLING ST
MISSION ROCK ST
ESSE
X ST
UNNAMED 042
JASP
ER P
L
HUBBELL ST
CO
RW
IN S
T
WIE
SE ST
I-80 E OFF RAMP
CAS
A WAY
RETIR
O WAY
VAN
NES
S AV
E
CALEDONIA
ST
MACONDRAY LN
ALTA ST
ISIS ST
GUY PL
MU
SEUM
WAY
BUENA VIS
TA TE
R
ALBIO
N ST
JOHN ST
UNNAMED 080
WALT
ER ST
SEW
ARD
ST
NEW
MO
NTG
OM
ERY
ST
MCDOWELL AVE
RAU
SC
H S
T
GOLD ST
PIERPOINT LN
CHESTNUT ST
HWY 101 TO I-80 RAMP
WAV
ERLY
PL
ACME ALY
RINGOLD ST
BIRCH ST
CLEARY CT
HENRY ADAMS S
T
SHARON ST
BELCHER S
T
CYR
IL M
AGN
IN S
T
DORLAND ST
CLARION ALY
LAPID
GE ST
NO
RFO
LK S
T
VAREN
NES S
T
TOLEDO WAY
LYNCH ST
THORP LN
UN
NAM
ED
014
CHINA BASIN ST
LARCH ST
SHE
RM
AN S
T
BART
OL ST
WATER ST
FORT
UNA
AVE
CLOVER LN
ME
RLI
N S
T
PERINE PL
COSMO PL
PROSPER ST
STAN
FOR
D S
T
RAMONA AVE
SOUTH PARK
PRADO ST
SYCAMORE ST
STAN
TON
ST
BOAR
DM
AN
PL
RIZAL ST
UNNAMED 051
MYRTLE ST
OAKWOOD S
T
LOWER TER
ASH ST
GLOVER ST
OA
K G
RO
VE S
T
RIN
CO
N S
T
HATTI
E ST
VARNEY PL
PARK H
ILL AV
E
DEARBORN ST
GARDEN ST
INCA
LN
GUERRERO ST
LUS
K ST
RONDEL PL
UNNAMED PRIVATE
FRESNO ST
LANSING ST
ROSA PARKS LN
CAMP ST
KATE
ST
CUMBERLAND ST
CHILD S
T
JUN
IPER
ST
PFEIFFER ST
SHERIDAN ST
REED S
T
WET
MORE
ST
SOUT
H VA
N NE
SS A
VE
FLIN
T ST
LEROY
PL
PLEASANT ST
EAST
MAN
ST
SUM
NE
R S
T
LLOYD ST
ORBEN P
L
ADAIR ST
GENOA
PL
FRANCISCO ST
VULCAN STWY
ALERT ALY
JEFFERSON ST
MERCHANT ST
ROSS A
LY
HOLLIS
ST
DOW PL
STONE
ST
TROY ALY
DAGGETT ST
ALLEN ST
CLY
DE
ST
ZAMPA LN
CASTL
E ST
BONITA ST
MCLEA CT
JANSE
N ST
ECK
ER S
T
RESERVOIR ST
VALPARAISO ST
ABBEY ST
KEAR
NY ST
MIDW
AY S
T
CO
LIN
P K
ELL
Y JR
ST
BANNAN
PL
PETER YORKE WAY
HERON ST
HARRIS PL
SONOM
A ST
LAPU
-LAP
U S
T
ILS LN
VANDEWATER ST
EDITH ST
KIM
BALL
PL
OSGOOD P
L
HAL
LAM
ST
AUBU
RN ST
CO
LUM
BIA
SQ
UA
RE
ST
TRAINOR ST
HAVENS ST
BAYSIDE VILLAGE PL
AUGUST
ALY
CODMAN
PL
DOLORES TER
POTO
MAC
ST
MISTRAL ST
SOUTHERN HEIG
HTS AVE
BONIFACIO ST
CLOVER S
T
FRANK NORRIS ST
BECKE
TT S
T
GR
OTE
PL
FEDERAL ST
MAXWELL CT
BERNICE ST
SIERRA ST
SEYM
OUR ST
BER
RY
EXT
EN
SIO
N S
T
CUSHM
AN S
T
HOUSTON ST
GLENDALE ST
GO
RD
ON
ST
SPROULE
LN
BEID
EMAN
ST
TREN
TON S
T
FORT MASON 10
HOTALI
NG PL
WIN
THRO
P ST
DEC
ATU
R S
T
LUC
ER
NE
ST
SCOTL
AND
ST
FORT
MAS
ON 18
FORT
MAS
ON
20
WHIT
E ST
SCOTT ALY
ALICE B TOKLAS PL
ADA
CT
WAY
NE PL
BUTT
E P
L
RO
DG
ERS
ST
SALM
ON ST
UNITED NATIONS PLZ
DE BOOM ST
SPOFF
ORD S
T
STORRIE ST
RAYBURN S
T
CORDELIA
ST
FRIE
NDSHIP
CT
SERVICE ST
CLA
REN
CE
PL
LAMSON LN
BROMLEY PL
BURNS PL
HIMM
ELM
ANN P
L
EL DORADO ST
ROSEMONT PL
DANIEL BURNHAM CT
CARM
ELITA
ST
MORRELL P
L
UNNAMED 043
JOHN MAHER ST
NORMAN
DIE T
ER
UNNAMED 012
TEMPLE ST
CARSON ST
KENT ST
GRAND VIEW TER
GALILEE LN
EDGARDO PL
JENNIFER PL
WAL
L PL
SABI
N PL
VARA
ST
STE
RLI
NG
ST
VAS
SAR
PL
HIDALGO TER
CULEBR
A TE
R
HANGAH
ST
FLOREN
CE ST
EWER PL
GIBB ST
FELLA PL
AHERN WAY
VINE
TER
KAPL
AN L
N
HELEN
ST
ALADDIN TER
CYRUS
PL BRAN
T AL
Y
WAL
TER U
LUM
PL
WESTERN SHORE LN
BLAC
K PL
STARK ST
FORT
MAS
ON
15
SHAR
P PL
CARD ALY
MIL
ES S
T
CUSTOM
HOUSE
PL
REDFI
ELD A
LY
GAISER CT
EMER
Y LN
JULI
US ST
ANSON PL
ERKS
ON CT
PRAT
T PL
MARGRAV
E PL
CO
NV
ERS
E ST
ROACH S
T
ADEL
E CT
MOORE PL
HAMLI
N ST
FALLON PL
FALM
OU
TH S
T
CADEL
L PL
MIL
LER P
L
MED
AU P
L
TRUETT ST
MARIO
N PL
MONTCLA
IR T
ER
RAYCLI
FF T
ER
NEWEL
L ST
WALDO ALY
COWEL
L PL
MALVINA PL
DASHIE
LL H
AMM
ETT
ST
GR
EN
ARD
TER
QUICKSTEP LN
BOSW
ORTH W
AY
POLL
ARD P
L
VENAR
D ALY
LURMONT TER
EATO
N PL
COLIN PL
HODGES A
LY
IMPE
RIAL A
LY
DELGADO PL
BRET
HAR
TE T
ER
HOOKER ALY
DORIC A
LY
CHARLT
ON CT
CUNNINGHAM PL
WORDEN
ST
MEA
CHAM P
L
DUNNES ALY
GA
LLA
GH
ER
LN
DEHON ST
ACORN ALY
HOMER ST
WARNER PL
GERKE ALY
FISHER ALYPR
ESCOTT
CT
SPENCER ST
TAN
DAN
G S
OR
A
BRICE TER
BERGEN ALY
ICEH
OUSE A
LY
BANNEK
ER W
AY
MARCY
PLSO
UTHAR
D PL
GREENW
ICH C
T
KEYE
S AL
Y
NOB HILL PL
ENTERPRISE ST
JACK KEROUAC ALY
CH
ARLE
S J
BR
EN
HA
M P
L
WIN
DSOR P
L
NOTTINGHAM PL
HARLOW
ST
RUSSIA
N HIL
L PL
LYSE
TTE
ST
KRAU
SGRIL
L PL
HOBART ALY
PARKH
URST A
LY
UNNAMED
111
TORREN
S CT
VERDI PL
FORT
MAS
ON 21
PONTI
AC S
T
VIA
FERLI
NGHETTI
CALHOUN T
ER
LA FERRERA TER
BLACKSTONE CT
NORTH V
IEW
CT
CATHERINE CT
TOUCHAR
D ST
BOB
KAUFM
AN A
LY
WAG
NER A
LY
OCTAVI
A ST
WALLER ST
SAN BRUNO AV
E
TREAT AVE
I-80 E ON RAMP
POLK
ST
HAMPSHIRE S
T
LOMBARD ST
OFARRELL ST
GRANT A
VE
BRODER
ICK
ST
WELSH ST
FERN ST
19TH ST
WALLER ST
PIER
CE ST
LAUSSAT ST
HW
Y 101 S ON
RAM
P
CHESTNUT ST
CLAY ST
WILLOW ST
GREENWICH ST
6TH
ST
18TH ST
ELM ST
ALAMEDA ST
BUCHAN
AN S
T
08TH
ST
PIER
CE ST
CUMBERLAND ST
15TH ST
I-280
N O
N RA
MP
NORTH POINT ST
I-80 W OFF RAMP
I-280
N O
FF RAMP
19TH ST
CALIFORNIA ST
06TH
ST
GO
UG
H S
T
20TH ST
DAVIS
ST
JEFFERSON ST
19TH ST
MONTG
OMER
Y ST
ORD ST
FRANCISCO ST
ELM ST
DIVISION ST
CAPP ST
FRANCISCO ST
FULTON ST
TREN
TON S
T
OFARRELL ST
WILLOW ST
22ND ST
NATOMA
ST
ELLIS ST
MAS
ON ST
CLEMENTINA ST
KEAR
NY ST
ELLIS ST
OFARRELL ST
REDWOOD ST
NORTH POINT ST
TAYL
OR ST
ALABAMA
ST
LARCH ST
LYON S
T
HAYES ST
22ND ST
CLAY ST
BAY ST
MACARTHUR AVE
GROVE ST
STOCKT
ON ST
ELM ST
DORLAND ST ALBIO
N STCUMBERLAND ST
22ND ST
ERIE ST
I-80 W ON RAMP
VALLEJO ST
19TH ST
TEHAMA ST
I-80
W O
FF R
AMP
CHINA BASIN ST
LYON S
T
CHANNEL ST
OCTAVI
A ST
AUSTIN ST
15TH ST
CLINTON PARK
I-280 N OFF RAMP
I-80 E OFF RAMP
LARKI
N ST
20TH ST
GREEN ST
BERRY ST
GREENWICH ST
CAROLINA
ST
MARIPOSA ST
SAN BRUNO AV
E
I-80 T
O HW
Y 101 R
AMP
I-280
S O
N RA
MP
BEACH ST
18TH ST
FRANCISCO ST
FRANCISCO ST
CLEMENTINA ST
OLIVE ST
BUCHAN
AN S
T
KING ST
VALLEJO ST
LIBERTY ST
SAN BRUNO AV
E
19TH ST
WEB
STER
ST
ELLIS ST
MINNA
ST
I-80 E ON RAMP
WIS
CONSIN S
T
UNION ST
15TH ST
DO
RE
ST
TEHAMA ST
MYRTLE ST
STOCKT
ON ST
SANCHEZ ST
HEMLOCK ST
CHESTNUT ST
20TH ST
BROADWAY
LIBERTY ST
FRONT
ST
PIER
CE ST
05TH
ST
CAROLINA
ST
LEED ND Walkable Streets Criteria (Score out of 12)
Walk Score Scores(Points out of 100)
0 - 2021 - 40
41 - 60
61 - 80
81 - 100
Public Life Survey Results (number of people passing by 8am-6pm)
0 - 5,0005,001 - 10,000
10,001 - 30,000
30,001 - 50,000
50,001 and higher
0 - 1
2 - 4
5 - 7
8 - 9
10 - 12
959295 10095 95 97 98
7,22011,15021,85064,21011,6207,000UnknownUnknown
´Zone 1 - Financial District Zone 5 - Octavia Zone 4 - Civic District Zone 2 - Retail DistrictZone 3 - Mid-Market/Tenderloin
Zone 1 - Financial District Zone 5 - Octavia Zone 4 - Civic District Zone 2 - Retail DistrictZone 3 - Mid-Market/Tenderloin
Site
Measuring Market Street's Walkability Using LEED ND Criteria Walk Score, and a Public Life Survey, San Francisco, 2012Prepared by Hadasa Lev, April 14, 2012, APA National Conference, Los Angeles
Weekend Weekday
12,2104,5002,136 10,300 24,79226,54434,224 20,306
Zones
Trees
Buildings Footprints
Parks & Open Space Text
Weekend
Weekday
Data Source: San Francisco Enterprise GIS, May 2011 and the City of San Francisco data provided for the Better Market Street project.
´
´
Looking NE from Spear Street
Looking SW from Spear Street
Looking NE from 5th Street
Looking SW from 4th Street
Looking NE from Octavia Street
Looking SW from Gough Street
0 500 1,000250Feet
0 500 1,000250Feet
0 500 1,000250Feet
Zone 1 - Financial DistrictZone 2 - Retail DistrictZone 3 - Mid-Market / TenderloinZone 4 - Civic DistrictZone 5 - Octavia
The Walk Score maps above were taken from the Walk Score website: http://www.walkscore.com/ April 7, 2012
Wal
kabi
lity
Sect
ion
of L
EED
ND
Wal
k Sc
ore
Publ
ic L
ife S
urve
y
Prepared by Hadasa Lev LEED AP BD+C, Knowledge / Research Manager at Perkins+Will, [email protected]
How Walkable is Market Street?Measuring Market Street’s Walkability using LEED ND Criteria, Walk Score, and a Public Life Survey, San Francisco, 2012
San Francisco
its long route. This project explored the degree to which 8 chosen areas of Market Street are walkable according to the following measurement tools:
1) The Walkable Streets section of LEED ND (Neighborhood Development) rating system - This section is within the Neighborhood Pattern and Design chapter of LEED ND and addresses issues related to: facades and entries; building height to street ratios; sidewalk continuity and width; and more.
2) Walk Score - Walk Score generates a walkability score by mapping out the walking distance to certain amenities such as parks, restaurants, schools, etc. Its focus is primarily on land use rather than form: http://www.walkscore.com/
3) Public Life Survey - This survey was conducted by the City of San Francisco as part of the Better Market Street project. Volunteers counted the number of people passing by specific locations along Market Street between 8am-6pm on a weekday and weekend.
AbstractsThis project explores the relationship between urban form and walkability. Market Street, in San Francisco, was chosen as the project site. The walkability of Market Street was measured using three measurement tools: The Walkability section of LEED ND, Walk Score and a Public Live Survey completed by the City of San Francisco.
Key PointsThis project was completed within the framework of a Geographic Information Systems (GIS) class at San Jose State University, San Jose, California. The choice of Market Street as the project site stems from the desire to contribute a layer of knowledge to the “Better Market Street” project. This project was initiated by the City of San Francisco to revital-ize Market Street to be “the city’s most vibrant public space”. Market Street is an interesting and important public space that varies significantly along
Key ConclusionsThe results of this project are displayed in the maps below and the images and maps to the right.
The results from the walkbility section of LEED ND are more aligned with the Public Life Survey, compared with the results from Walk Score.
According to the walkability section of LEED ND and the Public Life Survey, Market Street is most walkable in the Retail District and gradually less walkable to the east and west of that district, with the Octavia District (at the far west) being the least walkable.
According to Walk Score, Market Street is a “Walkers Paradise” throughout the entire project site with scores above 90 out of 100 in all 8 areas.
In general, Market Street is a destination street that attracts many pedestrians. Some of its locations attract some of the busiest foot traffic in the country while others need significant improvement.
AcknowledgementI would like to thank Rick Kos, AICP, instructor for the GIS class within which this work was prepared, for his excellent course and for his assistance with this work. I would also like to thank the City of San Francisco for allowing me to use the results of their Public Life Survey for this work.
Images and survey results were taken from the Public Life Survey document prepared by the City of San Francisco, and available on the Better Market Street website: http://www.bettermarketstreetsf.org/ Permission was granted by the City of San Francisco to use this material in this project.
P O R
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L I O
GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS -
CITY OFLOS GATOS
CITY OFSUNNYVALE
CITY OFPALO ALTO
NASA AMESRESEARCH
CENTER
San Francisco Bay
CattendenMarsh
MOFFETT FEDERAL AIRFIELD
CENTRAL
FREMONT
STEVEN
S CR
EEK
MIDDLEFIELD
SHO
RE
LIN
E
MIR
AM
ON
TE
CAST
RO
RENG
STO
RFF
CUESTA
MOFFETT
MOUNTAIN VIEW-ALVISO
OLD MIDDLEFIELD
AMPHITHEATRE
*****
*****
0 0.5 10.25Miles´
Population Density by Census Block, Mountain View, California, Year 2011
Parks and Open Space
City of Mountain View
Sphere of Influence
Water Bodies
Creeks
Non - Residential Area
Population Density Per Acre0 - 1011 - 2021 - 3031 - 4041 - 50
Designed by Hadasa Lev, May 9, 2011Data Source: US, Census, Year 2000
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#
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CITY OFLOS GATOS
CITY OFSUNNYVALE
CITY OFPALO ALTO
NASA AMESRESEARCH
CENTER
San Francisco Bay
CattendenMarsh
MOFFETT FEDERAL AIRFIELD
CENTRAL
WO
LFE
STEVENS C
REEK
FAIR
OAK
S
MIDDLEFIELD
SHO
REL
INE
MIR
AM
ON
TE
JAVA
CAST
RO
RENG
STOR
FF
CUESTA
HILLVIEW
MOFFETT
MOUNTAIN VIEW-ALVISO
AMPHITHEATRE
*****
*****
FREM
ON
T
*****
0 0.5 10.25Miles´
Proximity of Employees to Transit Services
Designed by Hadasa Lev, May 9, 2011Data Source: US, Census, Year 2000
City of Mountain View
Sphere of Influence
Water Bodies
Parks and Open Space
Creeks
Non-Residential Area
Residential Area
# Light Rail Stops
Light Rail Alignment
# Caltrain Stops
Caltrain Alignment
Bus Routes
! 1 - 24! 25 - 93! 94 - 250! 251 - 550
! 551 - 1079
Number of Employees per Employment Location
MOUNTAIN VIEW CALIFORNIAP
O R
T F O
L I O
O
U
T
P
U
TTHREE OF MANY EXAMPLES OF DEVELOPMENT THAT COULD OCCUR BASED ON INPUT
Building heights range from 2 to 8 floors (lego pieces).
Each grid block should have at least this amount of space open to the sky:
Uses on the site will consist of blue (office), yellow (resi-dential), and red (retail) lego pieces.
Yellow and blue lego should not mix within a grid block.
The main street should have retail on the ground floor.
Spot retail is also allowed on the ground floor in other areas.
STANDARDS (RULES OF GAME) and BUILDING BLOCKS (GAME ELEMENTS)
are identical to the ones in the Simplified Model Demonstration (left).
One Change from the STANDARDS (RULES OF GAME) in the Simplified Model Demonstration (left):
The open space requirement doubles. Each grid block should have at least this amount of space open to the sky:
S T O C H A S T I C D E S I G N Stochastic - “of or pertaining to a process involving a RANDOMLY determined sequence of observations each of which is considered as a sample of one element from a probability distribution” (dictionary.com).
Develop a software modeling tool that would simulate how development might occur according to development standards created for an urban design project and inputted into the model. The model would randomly shuffle the inputted data and create a simulated place based on the data inputted. The output would be one of many options. The random shuffle would be similar to how an iPod shuffles songs in a random order.
As apposed to architecture, in urban design the creation is often a frame-work for how development should occur on a site. It typically does not in-clude the actual design of buildings. Urban designers create drawings and renderings in an attempt to portray a vision, a place or a concept for how a place could develop. However, what we see in these drawings is not what will actually get built. Development of properties as part of an urban de-sign project is a process that is one step removed from the urban designer who has some, but not full control, over how development may occur.
The idea of the modeling tool suggested here, is to capture two aspects of how development occurs in the real world:
1. It is done by people (developers, architects, engineers) other than the urban designer. Therefore the urban designer does not have full control over the outcome. With this tool, the urban designer would be relinquishing control over to the computer simulating this detachment. This would enable the testing of the standards before they are adopted.2. It is varied by its very nature because several, if not many architects, may be designing buildings that are all part of the same urban design project. Designing this simulation tool to randomly shuffle the input to create a vari-ety of options, all within our regulatory framework, would capture the idea of varied development.
THE GAME ANALOGYIn this work, urban design is being compared to a board game and demon-strated specifically through lego. An artificial place is constructed out of lego pieces by several different people that are one step removed from the urban design framework created by me. The model demonstration below attempts to take an urban design regulatory framework and simplify it to very basic elements for demonstration purposes. In reality, an urban design project is much more complex and may include very detailed regulations.
I
N
P
U
T
LAYOUT - BOARD
Grid
Open Space
Layout of open space has been revised to include four small areas of open space instead of one large area.
Layout is identical to Simplified Model Demonstration (left)
Main Street
BUILDING BLOCKS - GAME ELEMENTS
STANDARDS - RULES OF GAME
MODEL INPUT Input to the model would include three basic types:1. Layout / Board - aspects of a design that pertain to the physical location of elements which are determined by the urban designer and not subject to change, such as: the location of a grid of streets and their specifications; the location and shape of public open space; the uses in certain locations, etc.2. Building Blocks / Game Elements - aspects of a design that repeat or multiply, such as: residential or office units; floors; or massing of a certain size or shape (like legos in the game analogy); etc. Building blocks include inherent restrictions that would enable the model to function. Otherwise the possibilities would be endless resulting in outcomes that may not be logical or don’t look anything like buildings or an urban setting. 3. Development Standards / Rules of Game - aspects of a design that govern development but are not set in a specific location on the site, such as: massing with a predetermined range in size (i.e. height limits); trees ranging in type and size; a determination that blocks should have a certain amount of open space or FAR; a determination that a mix of uses should occur; etc. See Simplified Model Demonstration below.
I D E A
SIMPLIFIED MODEL DEMONSTRATION
CHANGING THE MODEL INPUT
MODEL OUTPUT In this work, each outcome was produced by various people for demon-stration purposes. The idea however, is that data would be inputted into a software modeling program and have it simulate a place based on this data.
The simulated place, would be based entirely on our design and develop-ment standards, but may be different from what we envisioned. There may be aspects to the outcome that could surprise us in both positive and negative ways. For example, the outcomes of the model demonstration (left) raise many questions and would require additional restrictions or revisions to the development standards regarding: how buildings relate to the central open space (Outcome 2 and 3); requirements for more consis-tent percentage of street wall per block (Outcome 3); The way open space within each block relates to open space in adjacent blocks; etc.
On the other hand, it was surprising, in a positive way, to see the variation between each model outcome, using the same standards. Each time we run the model the result would differ slightly. The more restrictive our de-velopment standards are, the less variation we would have between each run of the model and between each building within the model.
our urban design projects to stakeholders. It would crystallize the un-derlying concept and vision of a project as it demonstrate those aspects that could vary within this vision. Rules that facilitate creative development – Being able to easily see the result of a certain set of standards can facilitate the development of more sophisticated and clever standards that would then facilitate more creative results. I believe our development standards should not only allow for creativity to occur but should pro-actively facilitate it. This requires finding the right balance between setting a clear direction for development, but also facilitating creativity and creative interpretations of our standards. This tool would allow quicker and more varied experi-mentations of our standards potentially making our thought process more flexible and open.
Paradigm shift – Instead of thinking of design in terms of what a place or a building should be, with this tool, the designer is also aware of those aspects that can, and possibly should remain random, varied and ever changing. Design becomes a way to channel the random flow. One of the wonderful things about cities and places is the unknown, the surprising. We should allow for the unknown to occur.
B E N E F I T SInform our design and development standards - This tool would test our development standards before they are adopted. The results of the model output would inform our design and development standards. We might see certain relationships between buildings that we like and want to retain. Al-ternatively, we might find negative outcomes that we want to limit. We could then adjust the standards accordingly.
It is true that we already have tools that attempt to test our development standards. We try and consider all options, worst case scenarios and draw these out. However, the difference with this tool, is that we remove our-selves from the testing process by inputting the data into a software pro-gram. Additionally, the software program is set up to shuffles between the full range of options available within the restrictions provided. This poten-tially opens up a whole range of possibilities that the urban designer may not have considered.
Communication – The ability to show a number of variations to how an ur-ban design project could get developed, would help us better communicate
Revision B to Simplified Model Demonstration
Revision A to Simplified Model Demonstration
I N
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Outcome 1
Outcome 2
Outcome 3
Outcome 4
Outcome 5
PERKINS+WILL IDEAS COMPETITION AND CONFERENCE Participation in the Perkins+Will Ideas Competition - Perkins+Will conducted its first firmwide Ideas
Competition in 2012 to promote an innovative and creative work environment. The participation in this competition was voluntary. Employees were encouraged to come up with big ideas. The format of the submission was open. Below is Hadasa’s submission. Her idea was to develop a software modeling tool that would simulate how development might occur according to development standards created for an ur-ban design project and inputted into the model. The model would randomly shuffle the inputted data and
create a simulated place based on the data inputted. The output would be one of many options. The random shuffle would be similar to how an iPod shuffles songs in a random order. In this work, ur-ban design was compared to a board game and demonstrated specifically through lego. The rules of the game are known, but how the game will play out is not known. An artificial place was constructed out of lego pieces by several different people that are one step removed from the urban design framework created by Hadasa. For more information read the text of the submission below.
P O R
T F O
L I O
URBAN DESIGN - MENLO PARK, CALIFORNIA 2012, PERKINS+WILL
12’-16’
El Camino Real North - Pedestrian Bulbout Option (shown in plan view)
99’Right of Way
11’ 11’ 11’ 11’ 10’-20’Setback
EastPromenade
PropertyLineProperty
Line
7’-8’ 8’ 5’ 7’ 5’5’-7’ 6’-8’Setback BikeParking BikeBuffer
Perkins+Will May 23, 2012
Menlo Park, a community of 31,000 south of San Francisco, has engaged
Perkins+Will to prepare a long-range Specific Plan for the city’s downtown and El Cami-no Real corridor. The Plan sets the vision for new mixed-use infill development, pub-lic spaces and circulation improvements that enhance downtown vibrancy and connections, intensifying development around the Caltrain commuter rail station. The planning pro-cess included three community workshops and multiple meetings with the Planning Commis-sion and City Council to develop a preferred plan for the area.
Hadasa provided support for this project and worked on revisions to the diagrams and drawings on this page.
C15
CHAPTER C PLAN PRINCIPLES, FRAMEWORK + PROGRAM
El Camino Real at Ravenswood looking north
Figure C3. Station Area
Retail / Mixed-use
Mixed-useResidential
Retail / Mixed-useEl Camino Real
Menlo Center Plaza
Menlo Center
Ravenswood Gateway
Alma Street Civic Walk
Mixed-use Residential
Civic Plaza
Caltrain Railroad Right-of-Way
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Menlo College
Menlo High School
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Public Library
Burgess Park
Fremont Park
Caltrain Station
Nealon ParkArbor Rd Park
EncinalElementary
El Camino Park
St. Raymond’sElementary School
San Francisquito Creek
Holbrook Palmer Park
PresbyterianChurch Downtown
5 Minute Walking
Radius
Project Area Boundary
School Area
Civic Area
Park Space
Menlo Park City Boundary
Downtown/Station Area
High Impacted / High Traffic Volume Intersection
Caltrain Railway(Limits E-W Connectivity)
Opportunities
Constraints
El Camino Real Corridor(Limits E-W Connectivity)
Improve Pedestrian Routes - Opportunity for connecting existing and new civic uses
Improve Pedestrian/Bicycle Connectivity
Underutilized and Vacant Land
Stanford University Ownership
Enhance Gateways
Public Parking Plazas - Opportunities for Improved Parking Management
Intensify development near downtown/train station
N
0 300 600 1200Feet
B9
CHAPTER B PLAN CONTEXT
Figure B3. Opportunities and Constraints
C7
CHAPTER C PLAN PRINCIPLES, FRAMEWORK + PROGRAM
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El C
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Civic Plaza
Station
Library/City Hall
Burgess Park
Nealon ParkJack W. LyleMemorial Park
Creek
Fremont Park
Santa Cruz Avenue
Bike Network
Central Plaza/Paseo/Market Place
Middle AvenueOpen Space / Retail Node
Downtown
El Camino RealDowntown/Station Area
Figure C1. Concept Diagram
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URBAN DESIGN - STATION PARK GREEN, CALIFORNIA 2011, PERKINS+WILL
This 12-acre transit-oriented development includes hous-ing, office space, destination and boutique retail, a new park, and community facilities. Connected by a walkable
street grid, these uses frame a rich ensemble of public spaces. Perkins+Will developed the plans alongside the city staff and community of San Mateo through public workshops and meet-ings. The project advances green design principles from infra-structure and site planning to Perkins+Will’s initial building de-sign concepts. The project is one of the world’s first LEED-ND Gold projects at Stage 1.
Hadasa provided support for this project and worked on revi-sions to the conceptual diagrams below.
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URBAN DESIGN KNOWLEDGE/RESEARCH MANAGER - URBAN DESIGN NEWSLETTERS
PERKINS+WILL
Design, populations and disseminated of by monthly internal urban design newslet-ters - These newsletters included internal
as well as external urban design news and activ-ity out in the world. The newsletters were de-signed to be interactive where each item can be clicked on for more information. The design of the newsletter took into account a busy audience and were limited to 3 pages enabling a quick scan of the topics. The choice of topics is a result of daily tracking of internal and external urban design knowledge. External news was scanned daily using Google Reader as well as an urban design Twitter account created by Hadasa for this purpose.
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URBAN DESIGN KNOWLEDGE/RESEARCH MANAGER - FACILITATION OF URBAN DESIGN LEADERSHIP MEETINGS
March 2012 UD Virtual Leadership Meeting 1
Virtual leadership meetingmarch 27, 2012
URBAN DESIGN
September 2011 UD Leadership Meeting 1
URBAN DESIGN
LEADERShIp MEEtING NOtESChICAGO, SEptEMBER 8-9, 2011
1
URBAN DESIGN
lEADERShIp mEEtING NOtESAtlANtA, mARch 9-11, 2011
Facilitation and organizations of three by-annual urban de-sign leadership meetings – Hadasa’s work included: forming a team of urban design leaders from different offices to encour-
age input and a diversity of ideas for meeting content; putting to-gether the meeting agenda making sure to represent all urban de-sign leaders; traveling to various locations across North America to attend the meetings; taking the opportunity to present to the group, progress of her work as their knowledge manager; documenting and compiling the content of the entire meeting into an interac-
tive graphically pleasing and informative document; and sharing this document with urban designers and marketing staff firmwide. Below are images of the cover pages from the notes taken from three urban design leadership meetings. The full interactive documents can be provided upon request.
“Hadasa’s professionalism and organizational abilities helped to facilitate a higher functioning urban design leadership group. She brought an enthusiasm to her direct responsibilities that inspired
others. Additionally she sought out new challenges in order to con-tribute to the urban design discourse. Her positive outlook will cer-tainly be missed.” (Philip Palmgren, Principal at Perkins+will).
“Hadasa is incredibly thorough efficient and organized. She visual-izes and makes the connection between conceivably unrelated top-ics and people. This cross discipline thinking will definitely benefit your business.” (Heather Alhadeff, Senior Transportation Planner Perkins+Will) P
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PLANNING - DISTINCTIVE NEIGHBORHOOD PROGRAM, CITY OF SAN JOSE
Leadership of the Distinctive Neighborhood Program at the City of San Jose - The goal of the Distinctive Neighborhood
Program was to provide further protection and enhancement to San Jose’s unique single-family neighborhoods. Hadasa was tasked with leading this program from inception through implementation. She conducted extensive out-reach to the San Jose community, presented at community and focus group meetings, developed and analyzed policy options, drafted code revisions, and wrote staff reports to and presented before the City Council.
“Hadasa demonstrates both creativity and strong organizational skills. This combina-tion of skills has been evident in her suc-cessful leadership of the Distinctive Neigh-borhood Program. With minimal guidance, she structured the process, established schedules, sought input from the community and the Landmarks Commission, developed policy options, prepared recommendations and made presentations to the City Council. Her successful leadership of this project has resulted in very positive feedback to the Planning Department” (Carol Hamilton, Senior Planner City of San Jose).
“Hands down great collaborator, energy, articulate and a reputation follow through to name a few. We worked on the Distinctive Neighborhood Program among others. ….. “(Councilmember Pierluigi Oliverio, City of San Jose).
“…….she exhibited excellent project man-agement skills ….and did an excellent job presenting at numerous community and stakeholder meetings…….and the full Coun-cil. The community and Council support for the development of the Distinctive Neigh-borhood Program to date is a testament to her creativity, drive and skill at incorporat-ing community input” (Akoni Danielsen, Principal Planner, City of San Jose).
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PLANNING - ENVISION SAN JOSE 2040, CITY OF SAN JOSE
The City of San Jose has re-cently gone through a compre-hensive General Plan Update
entitled Envision San Jose 2040. Hadasa was part of the General Plan Update team for a period of a year at the stage when the Vision for this policy document was being devel-oped. She assisted in preparation and research of material for Task Force meetings on a number of topics in-cluding the Vision Statement, Health and the Built Environment, and the Draft Scenario Guidelines. She lead the organization of the Task Force tour and assisted in the preparation of the Task Force Tour Guide.
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PLANNING - DEVELOPMENT REVIEW, CITY OF SAN JOSE
Hadasa managed a large variety of project proposals in San Jose including large scale residential, mixed-use and Transit Oriented Development projects as well as a vari-
ety of commercial projects. She reviewed the projects for con-formance with City regulations and policies including conformance with The General Plan, The Zoning Ordinance, environmen-tal regulations, design guidelines, and various master/specific plans. She was often able to positively influence the design of projects and was often nominated as the Go To person regard-ing the design of project proposals. She took the initiative to found and lead the Architectural Forum which was a collabora-tive process where City employees with architectural background gathered twice a month to provide architectural review on de-velopment applications. Hadasa wrote staff reports to and pre-sented before the Planning Commission and City Council. She interacted with the public on a daily basis and organized and facilitated numerous community meetings.
This page contains a few sample projects from the hundreds of projects Hadasa managed in the 2.5 year period she did de-velopment review at the City of San Jose.
Fairways at San Antonio, San Jose, California (Affordable housing project)
Fruitdale Station, San Jose California(Mixed-Use Transit Oriented Development)
City Front Square, San Jose, California (Mixed-Use high rise development in downtown)
Home Depot, San Jose, California (Big box retail development)
The Meridian, San Jose, California (Residential development)
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ARCHITECTURE - CONDOMINIUM RENOVATION, ISRAEL TEL-AVIV 2002
This project included a complete renova-tion of the interior space of a condominium in the heart of Tel-Aviv. Hadasa was hired
to design it from schematic design through con-struction including the design of the kitchen cabi-nets and bedroom closets. The client requested the space be designed with a clear separation between two rooms. The proposed design aimed at opening up a common area that could overlook the existing common courtyard. The interior walls were de-signed to “float” with walls connecting using colored or clear glass, giving the small area a sense of space.
View toCommon Courtyard
View toCommon Courtyard
Main Entryway from Common Stairwell
Main Entryway from Common Stairwell
CONSTRUCTION PLANELECTRICAL PLAN
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Apartment location
Fru
g
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Frishman
ARCHITECTURE - This project was designed by Hadasa from schematic design through construction while completing her degree in architecture. This single-
family home is located at the end of a street overlooking a public park. The design aimed at strengthening the connection to the outdoors by creating a prominent patio space that enhances the building’s façade while creating a pleasant sheltered outdoor space. The three patio
beams (shown in pictures) connect the indoors to the outdoors and break up the long and narrow interior space.
SINGLE-FAMILY HOME RENOVATION, ISRAEL 1998P
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This page contains a collection of work completed during Ha-dasa’s architecture studies at The Bezalel Academy of Art and Design, Jerusalem, Israel:
The Ideal Work Environment, 4th year building studio, Kiryat Arye, 1999 - An exploration into the spaces in between and the spontaneous interactions that occur in these spaces.
Hadasa worked in a carpenter’s shop during the summer of 1996 in order to learn about wood. She designed and built this chest during that time.
The Ayalon Highway, 3rd year urban design studio, Tel-Aviv 1997 - An exploration into the opportunities for development along one of Israel’s main highways that abut Tel-Aviv.
A Library, 3rd year Technological Studio, Tel-Aviv, 1997 - An exploration into different building materials, how they connect and affect a space.
STUDENT SAMPLE WORK - ARCHITECTURE STUDIES IN ISRAEL 1994-2000
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