hach 2100an

Ti liu hng dn s dng my bn 2100AN, dch bi Hach Vit Nam 1

47001-88

TI LIU HNG DN

MY O C BN

MODEL 2100AN

Hach Company, 1996-2006. All rights reserved. te/jk/dk November 2006, Edition 4


MC LC

CC BIN PHP AN TON ..................................................................................................... 6

THNG S K THUT ............................................................................................................. 8

S VN HNH ........................................................................................................................ 11

PHN 1 M T CHUNG .............................................................................................................. 12

1.1 M t thit b ....................................................................................................................... 12

1.2 Cc ph kin tiu chun ..................................................................................................... 12

1.3 Nguyn l hot ng ........................................................................................................... 12

1.4 Chun b cho vic s dng my ......................................................................................... 13

1.4.1 M thng hng ............................................................................................................ 13

1.4.2 Mi trng hot ng .................................................................................................. 13

1.4.3 Chn la ngun in vn hnh ............................................................................. 14

PHN 2 O C ................................................................................................................... 15

2.1 iu khin v ch th s dng.............................................................................................. 15

2.2 o c ................................................................................................................ 15

2.2.1 Cc bc thc hin o c .................................................................................... 15

2.2.2 Mt s vn v o c cn lu .............................................................................. 17

2.3 K thut thc hin o c ................................................................................................... 17

2.3.1 Lm sch cell mu ....................................................................................................... 17

2.3.2 Tra du silicon ............................................................................................................. 17

2.3.3 Chun b nc pha long ............................................................................................ 18

2.3.4 nh du v lm khp cc cell mu ............................................................................ 19

2.3.5 Loi tr bt kh ............................................................................................................ 22

2.3.6 Trung bnh tn hiu ...................................................................................................... 24

2.3.7 Cc mu vt qu thang o ........................................................................................ 24

2.3.8 S ngng t (lm ph sng) ..................................................................................... 27

2.3.9 Ly mu i din ......................................................................................................... 28

PHN 3 VN HNH ..................................................................................................................... 29

3.1 Kim sot hot ng v cc tn hiu ch th ......................................................................... 29

3.1.1 S dng phm RANGE ................................................................................................ 31

3.1.2 S dng phm UNITS/EXIT ......................................................................................... 31

3.1.3 S dng phm SIGNAL AVG ....................................................................................... 32

3.1.4 S dng phm FLOW .................................................................................................. 32

3.1.5 S dng phm LINE FEED .......................................................................................... 32

3.1.6 S dng phm RATIO .................................................................................................. 32

3.1.7 S dng phm PRINT .................................................................................................. 33

3.1.8 S dng phm CAL/Zero.............................................................................................. 33

3.1.9 S dng phm ENTER ................................................................................................. 33

3.1.10 S dng cc phm mi tn ........................................................................................... 34

3.1.11 S dng phm SAMPLE .............................................................................................. 34


3.1.12 S dng phm SETUP ................................................................................................. 34

3.1.13 Ting pht ra t phm bm (Beeper)............................................................................ 34

3.2 Hiu chun ......................................................................................................................... 34

3.2.1 Dung dch m Formazin (stock) ................................................................................... 35

3.2.2 Nc pha long .......................................................................................................... 35

3.2.3 Chun b dung dch Formazin pha long ..................................................................... 35

3.2.4 Hiu chun cho my 2100AN (s dng Formazin standards) ...................................... 37

3.2.5 Cm nm cc ng dung dch chun StablCal ............................................................ 39

3.2.6 Hiu chun my vi StablCal Sealed Vial Standards ................................................ 40

3.2.7 Pha ch dung dch m Formazin ................................................................................. 42

3.3 Cc ng dng nghin cu c bit ..................................................................................... 43

3.3.1 B qua nc pha long ............................................................................................... 43

3.3.2 iu chnh cc im hiu chun .................................................................................. 43

3.3.3 Chun b pha long Formazin-Ngi s dng la chn .............................................. 43

3.3.4 Hiu chun my 2100AN (dng vi dung dch chun do ngi s dng chn) ........... 44

PHN 4 H THNG THI KH .................................................................................................... 45

4.1 Kt ni h thng thi kh ..................................................................................................... 45

PHN 5 S DNG B DNG C FLOW-CELL ......................................................................... 46

5.1 M t .................................................................................................................................. 46

5.2 Flow-Cell kit ( p sut thp) ................................................................................................ 46

5.2.1 Flow-cell th cng (p sut thp) ................................................................................. 47

5.2.3 Li khuyn khi dng Flow-Cell kit (p sut thp) ......................................................... 52

5.2.4 Kit Flow-Cell p sut cao ....................................................................................... 53

5.2.5 Bo dng Flow-Cell .................................................................................................. 55

PHN 6 LY D LIU ................................................................................................................. 56

6.1 Ghi d liu ra ...................................................................................................................... 56

6.1.1 Ci t gi tr ghi nh nht ........................................................................................... 56

6.1.2 Ci t gi tr ghi ln nht ............................................................................................ 57

6.1.3 Ci t ghi ng ra ti thiu ........................................................................................... 57

6.1.4 Ci t full-scale cho ng ra ........................................................................................ 57

6.2 Kt ni qua cng RS232 ............................................................................................. 58

6.3 Giao tip thit b .................................................................................................................. 60

6.4 My in ................................................................................................................................. 60

6.4.1 My in km trong my o c ................................................................................. 61

6.4.2 Cu lnh ci t my in ............................................................................................... 61

6.5 S dng my tnh (RS232 operating commands) ............................................................... 63

PHN 7 NG H THIT B ....................................................................................................... 64

7.1 M t ng h .................................................................................................................... 64

7.2 Ci t gi v pht ............................................................................................................. 64

7.3 Ci t thng v ngy ......................................................................................................... 64

7.4 Ci t nm ........................................................................................................................ 64

7.5 Thi gian hin ti ang hin th ........................................................................................... 65


PHN 8 CELL ADAPTER ........................................................................................................... 66

8.1 S dng cell adapter .......................................................................................................... 66

8.1.1 Tho v lp cell adapter .............................................................................................. 66

PHN 9 O C .......................................................................................................................... 67

9.1 M-un knh lc ....................................................................................................................... 67

9.1.1 Lp cc b phn knh lc .................................................................................................. 68

9.1.2 Pht trin cc ng dng dng bc sng khc ........................................................... 68

9.2 o vi n v o mu, % truyn quang v hp th quang......................................... 68

9.2.1 S dng n v o mu (Platium Cobalt cho cc bc hiu chun) ....................... 69

9.2.2 Cc lu khi o mu .............................................................................................. 71

9.2.3 S dng n v truyn sng (quy trnh 100% truyn sng) ................................ 71

9.2.4 S dng n v hp th quang (quy trnh zero hp th) ..................................... 71

PHN 10 CC PHP O NG DNG C BIT ......................................................................... 72

10.1 Cc phng php cho ng dng ring bit ........................................................................ 72

10.2 Cc phng php cho ng dng ring bit ........................................................................ 73

10.2.1 Nhp ASC ban u ...................................................................................................... 73

10.3 Xem li ASC ....................................................................................................................... 75

10.4 iu chnh mt im ASC ................................................................................................... 76

10.5 Xa mt im ASC ............................................................................................................. 76

10.6 Xa tt c cc im ASC .................................................................................................... 77

LP T V BO DNG ................................................................................................... 78

PHN 11 BO DNG ................................................................................................................. 80

11.1 V sinh my ........................................................................................................................ 80

11.2 Thay n .................................................................................................................... 80

PHN 12 X L S C ................................................................................................................ 82

12.1 Gii thiu ............................................................................................................................ 82

12.2 Cc m bo li.................................................................................................................... 82

12.3 Cc chc nng ci t v chn on tn hiu ..................................................................... 83

12.3.1 Cc m chn on tn hiu cbn ............................................................................... 83

12.3.2 Cc chn on tn hiu khc ....................................................................................... 86

PHN 13 CC B PHN THAY TH V PH KIN .................................................................... 88

THNG TIN CHUNG ............................................................................................................... 90

PHNG THC T HNG ................................................................................................. 92

DCH V SA CHA ............................................................................................................. 93

GII HN BO HNH ............................................................................................................ 94


CC BIN PHP AN TON

Hy c ton b phn hng dn ny trc khi tho thng hng, ci t hay vn hnh thit b. Ch c bit tt c phn nhc nh nguy him, cnh bo v cc tnh trng cn lu . Nhng thao tc sai c th dn n hng my v gy nguy him cho ngi vn hnh. m bo phn bo v c cp km theo my khng b hng, khng c s dng, ci t thit b theo cch khc vi nhng hng dn trong ti liu ny. S dng thng tin cnh bo nguy hi Nu c nhiu mi nguy hi tn ti, ti liu ny s s dng cc ch tn hiu (Danger, Caution, Note) bo hiu tng ng t mc nguy hi cao nht. DANGER Ch th tnh trng nguy c tim n hay nguy hi tc th m nu khng trnh c th s gy thng vong hoc thng tch nghim trng. CAUTION Ch th tnh trng nguy c gy hi tim n m c th gy thng tch nh hoc trung bnh. NOTE Cc thng tin c nhn mnh c bit. Cc nhn cn ch c k cc thng tin nhn v th c dn trn my.Thng tt cho ngi hoc h hng thit b c th xy ra nu khng c quan st.

K hiu ny, nu c ghi ch trn thit b, c ngha l tham tho phn hng dn c thng tin v vn hnh v an ton.

Mc 1.4.3 Chn la ngun in vn hnh

Mc 2.2 o c

Mc 4.1 Kt ni phn thi kh

Mc 5.2.4 Kit Flow-Cell p sut cao

Mc 6.2 Kt ni qua cng RS232

Mc 11.2 Thay n


Thit b in nu c gn k hiu ny c ngha l khng c php thi b trong h thng thi cng Chu u sau ngy ngy 12 thng 8 nm 2005. Trong cam kt vi quy nh quc gia v khu vc ca cc nc Chu u (EU Directive 2002/96/EC), ngi s dng cc thit b in t Chu u phi gi tr cc thit b c, ht hn dng n nh sn xut thi b m khng phi tr ph thi. Ghi ch: thu hi cho vic ti ch th lin h vi nh sn xut thit b hay nh cung cp c s hng dn quy trnh thu hi v cc ph kin in t nh sn xut cung cp v tt c vt dng ph c thi b ng cch.


THNG S K THUT

Cc chi tit k thut c th b thay i m khng bo trc.

Nguyn l o: Nephelometric

Cc mode ci t (ty chn):

Chn thang o: th cng hoc t ng

Trung bnh tn hiu: ON hoc OFF

T l: ON hoc OFF

Cc n v o: NTUs, EBCs, Nephelos, A (Abs), %T, CU (n v mu) v ASC (2 n v ngi s

dng nh ngha)

Thang o: vi ch Ratio ON

NTU mode: 010000 NTU t ng iu chnh s thp phn hoc 00.999, 09.99, 0-99.9 v 010,000

nu chn thang o th cng.

Nephelo mode: 0-67000 nu chn t ng iu chnh s thp phn hoc 09.99, 0-99.9 v 067000


EBC mode: 0-2450 nu chn t ng iu chnh s thp phn hoc 00.999, 0-9.99, 0-99.9 v 02450


Thang o: vi ch Ratio OFF

NTU Mode: 0-40

Nephelo Mode: 0-268

EBC Mode: 0-9.8

chun xc: 2% gi tr c + 0.01 NTU trong thang o 01000 NTU; 5% gi tr c trong thang

o 10004000 NTU; 10% gi tr c trong thang o 400010,000 NTU da vo dung dch chun

Formazin v ch Ratio ON; 2% gi tr c + 0.01 NTU trong thang o 040 NTU vi ch

Ratio OFF. *

chun xc o mu: (1 CU = 1 Color Unit): 2 CU trong thang o 0-30 (hiu chun 15 CU); 5

CU trong thang o 0-500 CU (hiu chun 500 CU)*

Abs ( tuyn tnh quang): 0.005A t 0-1A 455 nm*

%T ( tuyn tnh quang): .12 %T t 10 n 100%T 455 nm*

phn gii: 0.001 NTU/EBC/A; 0.01 Nephelo; 0.1%T; 1CU

lp li: 1% gi tr c hay 0.01 NTU, chn gi tr no cao hn *

* iu kin tham chiu: 23 2 C, 50% 10% khng im sng, 115/230 Vac 17%, 50/60 Hz Cc thng s c c xc nh s dng b lc USEPA

S dng Flow Cell t c thng s trch dn

S pht x in t gin on 3V/m hoc ln hn c th gy ra sai lch chun xc nh. Xem phn

Thng tin tun th b sung trang tip theo.


Thi gian phn hi: 6.8 giy cho ton b cc bc khng tn trung bnh tn hiu hoc 14 giy nu

ch trung bnh tn hiu (da trn ci t mc nh l 10).

S chun ha: Formazin Primary Standards (NTU); Pt-Co; dung dch mu chun (CU)

Mn hnh: 8 ch s -tinh th lng; ch s cao 13.7 mm vi cc k hiu c trng, 2-k t LED, ch s

cao 7.62 mm

Ngun sng: n dy tc Tungsten. Tui th n 8800 gi.

Trung bnh tn hiu (Signal Averaging): ngi s dng c th la chn bt/tt ch ny (chn

1-15)

Sample Cells: (cao x rng) 95 x 25 mm ng knh. Thy tinh Borosilicate vi np vn cao su c np

v c ng mc nh du trn thnh l.

Th tch mu yu cu: 20mL (ti thiu)

Dung dch chun th cp: Gelex Secondary Standards

Nhit

Nhit bo qun: 40 n 60 C

Nhit vn hnh: 0 n 40 C

Nhit mu: 0 n 95 C

m hot ng: 0 n 90% RH, khng im sng 25C; 0 to 75% RH khng im sng

40 C

Thi gian n nh thit b: 30 pht vi Ratio ON, 60 pht vi Ratio OFF, thng thng my bt

24h/ngy

Sc kh: 0.1 scfm ti 69 kPa (10 psig), l kt ni ng 1/8", ti a 138 kPa (20 psig). Kh nit kh hoc khng kh cp thit b (ANSI MC 11.1, 1975)

Yu cu ngun in: 115/230Vac 17%, 50/60 Hz, 60 VA Max

Cng I/O: giao tip qua ng RS232 qua DB9 subminiature D shell connector ly d liu ra my tnh hoc my in v a d liu vo (cu lnh). Khng cm lc. Nh sn xut ci t 1200 baud rate, 1 stop bit, no parity, 8 bit character length. C th ty chn baud rate (300, 600, 1200, 2400, 4800); chiu di k t 7 hoc 8 bits; stop bits 1 hay 2; none, even hoc odd parity.

V my: nha polycarbonate nn p cao

Kch thc: 30.5 x 40 x 15.6 cm

Khi lng my: 3.77 kg


Khi lng vn chuyn: 6.11kg

Thng tin tun th b sung

Model 2100AN cho thy chun xc b gim i nh khi b tip xc vi trng in t sng radio

ln 3V/m. Nu d liu hin th khng n nh (trong mc chun xc v lp li) v cc s gy

nhiu khc khng hin din, kim tra khu vc tm thit b pht tn hiu nh cc in thoi cm tay,

ng-ten/thp dch v nhn tin hoc bt k thit b truyn thng ang pht tn hiu. V d, nu pht hin

c s chnh lch t thit b khi c s dng my thu v pht v tuyn xch tay. Di my thu pht cch

xa thit b o c t nht 3m cch ly v gii quyt vn gy nhiu.

Theo thng tin trong bng cung cp bn di, gi tr c ca thit b c th sai lch cht t nu c s

hin din ca cc tn s sng tng ng. Bt k thit b in t no cng nhy vi trng sng v

tuyn nu ngun in ln. Tuy nhin, ngun in truyn thng thng b gii hn bi cc quy nh

kim sot v ln ca trng hn 3V/m him khi gp.

Cc im kim tra vi my Model 2100AN trong trng in t 3 V/m vi 80% AM trn mc tn s 27 Mhz n 1000 Mhz.

Tn s (MHz) Ga tr ghi

(NTU) Gi tr hin th

trong trng RF (NTU)

Thang o (+ 2% ) (NTU)

150.0-200.0 0.101 0.084-0.096 0.099 n 0.103

217.0-228.0 0.100 0.075-0.093 0.098 n 0.102

307.0-377.0 0.100 0.084-0.117 0.098 n 0.102

395.0 0.100 0.065 0.098 n 0.102

402.0-550.0 0.100 0.073 0.098 n 0.102

590.0 0.100 0.054 0.098 n 0.102

731.0 0.100 0.090 0.098 n 0.102

791.0-887.0 0.100 0.074-0.124 0.098 n 0.102

930.0 0.100 0.038 0.098 n 0.102

981.0 0.100 0.098 0.098 n 0.102


S VN HNH

NGUY HIM

Tip xc mu ha cht, dung dch chun v thuc th c th b nguy him. Xem qua thng tin an ton ha cht (MSDS) v nm vng cc quy tc an ton trc khi tip xc bt k ha cht no.


PHN 1 M T CHUNG

1.1 M t thit b

My o c Hach Model 2100AN o c t 0 n 10000 NTU (Nephelometric Turbidity Unit). C

th chn thang o t ng v hin th kt qu theo s thp phn. i vi c cao hn mc ca my

th c th pha long vi mu c lc v tnh ton n gin. Xem phn 2.3.7 c thm thng tin.

My 2100AN cng c th hin th kt qu theo n v Nephelos (0-67000 Nephelos), EBCs ((European Brewery Convention, 0-2,450 EBCs), % truyn quang, hp th quang hoc n v mu CUs (phng php APHA Pt-Co). Ngoi ra, hai cch hiu chun ng dng c bit (Application Specific mode) c th c ch nh ty theo ngi phn tch. Ch ng dng ring bit s dng h thng quang hc ging nh i vi ch o NTU. Vic pht trin phng php c bit v tnh cht mu cng c th c thc hin bng cch s dng u ra tn hiu t 4 u cm bin (detector) bt k trong h thng quang hc ca my. Note: Ratio phi ch bt o mu c c cao hn 40NTUs, 268 Nephelos v 9.8 EBCs. B vi mch s dng cho 2100AN c thit k cho s dng trong phng phn tch v c b phn quang hc v in t c ci tin thit k. Thit b vn hnh bng ngun in 115/230Vac v c b phn in gn km trong my, mt ng ra RS232 kt ni ti my in ngoi, b ghi d liu hoc my tnh v mt ng ra ghi tn hiu.

1.2 Cc ph kin tiu chun

Cc ph kin c cp km theo my o c gm c 6 l cha mu o (sample cell), mt b dung dch chun tn gi StablCal Sealed Vial Primary Turbidity Standards, dy cm ngun, l du silicon, ming vi du lau sample cell, np y chn bi, 2 cun giy in (ch c vi my 2100AN v 2100AN IS) v ti liu hng dn s dng.

1.3 Nguyn l hot ng

Model 2100AN Laboratory Turbiditymeter l my o c theo phng php Nephelometer vi kh nng o c hai ch Ratio ON hoc OFF. Thit b t tiu chun thit k ca C quan Bo v Mi trng M (Phng php 181.1) v c chp nhn dng kt qu trong bo co tun th lut nh. H thng quang hc * (hnh 1) c kt hp gm n si tc Tungsten, thu knh v l m hi t nh sng v cm bin quang t gc 900 thu nhn nh sng tn x, mt cm bin cho nh sng tn x v pha trc, mt cm bin nh sng truyn qua mu v mt cm bin nh sng tn x ngc pha sau. Thit b o c thp hn 40NTU s ch dng n cm bin quang gc 90o hoc dng ton b cc cm bin (Ratio). Nu ch Ratio ON, b vi mch ca thit b s dng cng thc tnh tnh ton t l tn hiu t cc cm bin thu c. u im ca ch Ratio ny l dng o cc mu c cc c im nh c tuyn tnh cao, hiu chun n nh, thang o rng v c kh nng o c ca mu c mu.


Hnh 1 S h thng quang hc trong my

1.4 Chun b cho vic s dng my

1.4.1 M thng hng

Ly my v cc linh kin km theo bn trong ra khi thng hng v kim tra qua mt lt xem chng c b h hng trong qu trnh vn chuyn do tip xc mnh hoc iu kin thi tit xu hay khng. Kim tra c y cc phn sau y hay khng:

2100 AN laboratory turbidimeter

Ti liu hng dn s dng vi t hng dn dng tham kho nhanh Mt b dung dch chun s cp StabCal c nim kn trong l vi t hng dn Cat.

No.26595-05

B dng c knh lc USEPA (gn sn trong hp ng cell mu) (Cat. No. 30312-00) Ming vi duCat. No. 47076-00 6 l cell mu- Cat.No. 20849-00 L du silicon, 15mL (0.5oz) kiu nh git- Cat.No.1269-36 Dy ngun- Cat.No. 18010-00 (115 V dng Bc M) Cat.No.46836-00 (230V dng Chu

u)

Ming chn bi-Cat.No.47090-00 2 cun giy in- Cat.No.47090-00 B knh lc 455nm-Cat.No.19998-00

Nu thiu mt ph kin no hoc chng b h hng, vui lng lin h vi b phn H Tr Khch Hng, Hach Company, Loveland, Colorado. Khng c tr li hng khi cha c s chng nhn t hng. M, c th gi n s in thoi min ph 1-800-227-4224. Ngoi nc M, lin h vi n v bn hng y quyn gn nht ca Hach.

1.4.2 Mi trng hot ng

S dng my ni sch, khng c bi, t trn bn hoc ni bng phng khng c rung ng v c s trao i khng kh tt xung quanh my. Gi cho khu vc sau v bn di ch t my khng b vng dng khc ngn nga dng kh lu chuyn b cn li.


1.4.3 Chn la ngun in vn hnh

Thit b c lp rp hon chnh ti nh my trc khi xut xng ngoi tr dy ni ngun hot

ng cha c cm sn vo pha sau my. My t ng thc hin chn ngun 115 hoc 230 V.

Dy cm ngun tng thch dng ngun in M v Canada l 115V c cp km theo my Model 2100AN (Cat.No. 47001-00). Nu model ny c cu hnh dng ngun in 230V th dy cm t chun UL/CSA u NEMA 6-15P phi c s dng thay cho dy cm ni ngun 115V c cung cp. Model 2100AN (Cat.No. 47001-02) l my theo cu hnh chun Chu u dng ngun 230V. Dy cm ngun c cp km theo t chun VDE v c u cm kiu Chu u lc a.


PHN 2 O C

2.1 iu khin v ch th s dng

Kim sot v ch th ca my 2100AN Laboratory Turbidimeter c gii thch chi tit trong phn 3. ng thi tham kho cc tnh nng hot ng cho my Model 2100AN c m t trong hnh 6. ng np chn bi v nhn cng tc I/O pha sau my bt ngun. Cc gi tr c trong ti c thc hin tc th sau khi khi ng my, m bo li E7 c th xut hin nu np my cha y li khi bt my.

2.2 o c

Vic o c c th thc hin ch Signal Average ON hoc OFF, ty chn thang o th cng hoc t ng v vi Ratio ON hoc OFF. Thng thng, thc hin o c vi ty chn thang o t ng. Ratio v Signal Average ON. Khi Signal Average l ON, b vi x l ca my s ly cc gi tr c v tnh trung bnh cho kt qu cui cng. Gi tr trung bnh c tnh ton v hin th xp x mi giy mt ln. Warning: My 2100AN khng dng c vi mu c tnh gy chy hoc axit m c, loi dung dch c th lm hng cc b phn bn trong my. Thc hin th nghim tnh tng thch trc khi phn tch mu nu mu c theo di nm trong din nghi ng.

2.2.1 Cc bc thc hin o c

1. Ly mu i din trong dng c sch cha mu. vo cell mu sao cho n vch nh mc (xp x 30mL). Cm cell mu phn trn. y np cell mu.

2. Gi cell mu u np y v lau bn ngoi xa du vn tay v git nc bm.

3. Nh mt git nh du silicon cho chy t bn trn thnh cell xung y-ch cho mt lng va ph khp thnh cell lp mng du. Dng ming vi c cp km theo my thoa cho du

4. modun knh lc vo v tr. Note: Knh lc USEPA thng c s dng Note: Ngoi ra, c th dng knh lc 860nm t mua dng cho mc ch khc, khng cn tun


Note: thi gian ch thit b n nh vi ch Ratio ON l 30 pht v Ratio OFF l 60 pht. Cc ng dng thng thng th my bt 24h trong ngy.

u khp bn ngoi thnh cell. Chi bt nu d du. Lm sao cell mu kh vi ch mt t du bm bn ngoi hoc khng nhn thy du. Note: xem phn 2.3.2

th theo tiu chun ca USEPA.

5. t cell mu vo bung o, y np chn li. Note: cp nht ngay lp tc mn hnh, nhn ENTER

6. Chn th cng hoc t ng thang o bng cch nhn phm RANGE

7. Chn ci t trung bnh tn hiu thch hp (ON/OFF) bng cch nhn chn phm SIGNAL AVG. Note: xem phn 3.1.3 c thm thng tin.

8. Chn ci t ch Ratio thch hp (ON/OFF) bng cch nhn vo phm RATIO. Note: Gi tr > 40 NTU yu cu phi RATIO ON. Note: xem phn 3.1.6 c thm thng tin.

9. Chn n v o ph hp (NTU, EBC hoc NEPH) bng cch nhn phm UNITS/EXIT.

6. c v ghi nhn kt qu. Note: thi gian v ngy thng ca mu thc hin o c ghi nhn v c th in ra hoc chuyn tip bng cch nhn phm PRINT


2.2.2 Mt s vn v o c cn lu

Lun y np cell mu trnh ri vi mu vo bn trong my Lun y np bung o mu trong sut qu trnh thc hin o Lp b knh lc tng thch. Knh lc theo chun USEPA phi c s dng theo yu cu bo

co.

Khng cell mu trong bung o mt thi gian di my bt 24h nu nh s dng thng xuyn trng bung o v tt my nu my c ct gi trong mt thi gian di Lun cell mu sch, khng b try sut cell v np y Lun s dng du silicon Lun theo di cc k thut o c

2.3 K thut thc hin o c

Vic o c chun xc v lp li cao ph thuc vo k thut o tt v nht qun. Vic o c cng chnh xc v lp li nu c s ch cao v cc k thut o. C bn iu quan trng cn lu nht l:

S dng cc cell mu sch S dng cc cell mu trnh trng tt Loi b bt kh c bn trong mu (kh kh) Dng du silicon cho cell mu

o cc mu tc th ngn nga s thay i ca mu do s thay i nhit v tnh lng ca mu. Trnh vic pha long nu c th; cc ht l lng trong mu ban u c th ha tan hay thay i c tnh khi nhit thay i hoc khi mu b pha long. Do , vic o c c th khng thc hin vi ng tnh i din ca mu ban u.

2.3.1 Lm sch cell mu

Cc l cha mu phi c lm sch k lng v khng b mt cht try st no. S khng hon ho v cc vt xc trn b mt thy tinh do sn xut c trng mt cch hiu qu bi du silicon theo cc bc mc 2.3.2. Lm sch mt trong v ngoi cell bng cch ra sch vi dung dch ty nh dng cho phng th nghim. Sau ra li vi dung dch HCl 1:1 v sc ra vi nc kh ion hoc nc ct. Lm kh cell mu. Ch cm cell mu phn pha trn gim thiu lm d v du tay li.

2.3.2 Tra du silicon

Tra bn ngoi thnh cell mu mt lp du silicon mng gim nh hng ca cc vt xc nh n s tn x nh sng. Ch c s dng du silicon do Hach cung cp (Cat.No. 1269-36) v n c cng ch s khc x vi cell mu thy tinh ca Hach. Nh mt git du silicon chy t nh xung y cell mu sao cho va ph mt lp mng bn ngoi thnh cell mu. Dng ming vi du c cp km theo my thoa du u khp thnh bn ngoi cell. Sau lau chi phn du d tha nu c. Cell mu sau khi trng lp du phi gn nh kh ro,


thy t hoc khng thy du. Nu du qu mc c th d hp th bi d v lm cho bung o b nhim bn 2.3.2.1 Cc bc tra du silicon

1. Lm sch v sc ra cell tht k. Note: xem phn 2.3.1

2. Nh du silicon t nh xung y cell mu sao cho va trng mt lp mng du bn ngoi thnh l. Note: xem phn 2.3.2

3. Thoa u du bng cch bc ming vi du c cp theo my xung quang cell. Lau b phn du tha. Cell phi gn nh kh ro hoc thy t hay khng thy du. Note: ct gi ming vi du trong mt ti nha gi vi c sch.

2.3.3 Chun b nc pha long

Nc pha long c th cn dng n lm du v lm hp cc cell mu, pha long mu khi vt qu thang o ca my v chun b pha ch dung dch chun Formazin. Ly t nht 1000mL nc t cht lng cao (v d nc chng ct, nc kh khong hoc lm mm). Kim tra c ca nc dng pha long trc khi s dng. My 2100AN c th dng kim tra c ca nc pha long v my c hiu chun trc ti nh my. Nu c cao hn 0.5 NTU, nc cn phi c lc vi l lc c 0.2 m, s dng b kit lc Sample Filtration v Degassing Kit (Cat.No. 43975-10) hoc tng ng. Lm sch cc dng c th nghim vi dung dch axit HCl 1:1 v ra sch li nhiu ln bng chnh nc dng pha long khi o cc mu c c thp. y np cc cell trnh cc ht trong khng kh lm bn nu cha s dng ngay.


2.3.3.1 Lc nc pha long

1. Gn u xylanh vo van 3 chiu bng cch vn nh nh u vung vo trong u xylanh. Gn u ni, ng v u lc 0.2m (phn trong chm vi xylanh) nh trong hnh. Kim tra m bo cc u ni vn cht.

2. nc cn lc t beaker hoc cc cha. Nhng ng ht vo trong cc cha, ht nh nc vo trong xylanh bng cch ko ngc u bm nh trong hnh.

3. Ht khong 50mL nc vo trong xylanh. Nh nhng nhn u bm y nc i qua b lc chy vo trong xylanh nh mc hoc bnh nh mc. Lp li bc 2 v 3 n khi c c lng nc cn dng. Note: y cho nc chy qua u lc s kh khn nu nh u lc b nghn. Thay u lc b nghn v dng ci mi khi cn thit. t mua b u lc gm 10 ci (Cat.No.23238-10).

2.3.4 nh du v lm khp cc cell mu

o chnh xc hng lot mu c c thp i hi phi c k thut thao tc tt t c chun xc v lp li cao. Cc cell mu khi o cn c lm du v tr t vo hn ch ti a cc nh hng do s khc bit quang hc gia cc cell. Cn khng c th dng mt cell duy nht dng o tt c cc mu hn ch khc bit gi tr c do nh hng ca cell c sn xut c th khng hon ho. Khi v tr ca cell c nh du khi t trong bung o th phi lun ng v tr cho cc ln o sau cho d chn cell no. (tham kho phn 2.3.4.1 v phn 2.3.4.2). S dng mt cell duy nht cho chnh xc v chun xc cao hn l s dng cc cell nh du khp. B Flow-Cell cho php ngi dng t chun xc v lp li cao vi tnh nng mu a vo bung o c ci tin thun tin hn. (xem phn 5)


2.3.4.1 nh du mt cell mu nh du mi tn ch hng ln cell mu theo cc bc sau y:

1. nc c cht lng cao vo mt cell sch v y np li (xem phn 2.3.3)

2. Lau sch bn ngoi cell v tra mt lp du silicon (xem phn 2.3.2)

3. t knh lc thch hp vo m un tng thch

4. Cho mu vo bung o, y np li v c kt qu.

5. Nhc cell ln v xoay cell khi v tr ban u (xoay khong 1/8 vng). y np li vo nhn ENTER, ghi li gi tr c c. Tip tc nh th n khi c c gi tr NTU nh nht.

6. nh du v tr c gi tr c nh nht v s dng du ny t cell vo bung o v tr c hng khp vi du nh trn cell cho cc ln o sau.


2.3.4.2 Lm khp cc cell mu Du ch hng trn nhiu cell c thc hin theo cc bc sau. Cc cell c nh du c th dng o truyn quang, mu v hp th quang:

1. nc c cht lng cao vo cc cell sch v tra mt lp du silicon (xem phn 2.3.1, 2.3.2 v 2.3.3)

2. t knh lc thch hp vo m un tng thch

3. Cho cell u tin vo bung o. Quay cell mt gc nh n ghi t c gi tr c nh nht. Ghi ch li hng, gi tr c v nh du ln cell v tr .

4. Cho cell th hai vo bung o, y np li v ghi li gi tr. Quay cell khong 1/8 vng v ghi nhn gi tr c c. Lp li 1/8 vng quay n khi c gi tr c khp vi gi tr c ca cell th nht, c th chnh lch 0.01 NTU. nh du ln cell th hai ti v tr c khp gi tr vi cell th nht . Lp li cc bc nh du ny vi cc cell tip theo. Note: c th khng khp ton b tt c cell mu o c im thy tinh ca mi cell khc nhau Note: cc cell lm khp gi tr o chnh lch nhau 0.002 hp th khi nh du ch c hp th dng vi php o Transmittance, Color hoc Abs.


2.3.5 Loi tr bt kh

Loi tr bt kh hay cc kh i vo trong mu trc khi o. Vic kh kh c yu cu phi thc hin (ngay c khi khng thy bng mt). C bn cch thng c p dng kh bt kh: 1. p dng ht chn khng ring phn 2. B sung cht hot ng b mt

3. S dng b ra bng sng siu m

4. S dng nhit

i khi c th p dng cng lc nhiu cch nu cn thit loi tr bt kh hiu qu hn (v d trong

mt s iu kin cn phi gia nhit trong b ra bng sng siu m). S dng cc cch ny vi s ch

an ton cao, c ca mu c th b thay i nu s dng cc phng php ny sai.

mu ng yn mt thi gian loi tr bt kh khng c khuyn khch p dng. Cc ht gy ra

c trong mu c th b lng xung v nhit mu c th thay i. C hai trng hp ny c th

lm kt qu o c ca mu khng th hin ng c tht s ca mu.

2.3.5.1 p dng ht chn khng

Ht chn khng bng bt c ngun no khng c du, sch v tin li. Chn khng p sut thp hn

p sut kh tri nhng cao hn mu cc bt kh trong mu c th thot ra. Ht chn khng rt tt

i vi cc mu khng c nht nh nc v khng c cha cc thnh phn d bay hi. Vic ht

chn khng cho cc mu bay hi, nht (nh nha sn) c th lm cc thnh phn bay hi thot ra

khi dung dch v gy bt kh nhiu hn.

a chn khng vo, s dng b kit kh kh Cat. No. 43975-00 (sample degassing kit) nh trong

hnh 2 hoc 43975-10 (sample degassing and filtration kit). Nhng kit ny gm c mt xylanh v nt

chn kh kh chn khng. Mt bm ht hot ng bng tay hoc in t tng ng Cat. No.

14697-00 hoc 14283-00 cng c th c s dng km theo.

Hnh 2 Kh bt kh


2.3.5.2 B sung cht hot ng b mt

Kh nng ca vic s dng cht hot ng b mt x l i vi cc vn kh khn khi cc cch

x l bt kh khc t ra khng hiu qu. Cc cht b mt thay i sc cng b mt ca nc lm cho

cc kh trong mu thot ra. Hach company khuyn khch s dng cht hot ng b mt Triton X-100

(sn phm ca Rohm v Haas, Hach Cat.No. 14096-32) hay tng ng. Cho mt git Triton X-100

vo cell mu trc khi cho mu vo.

K thut ny c bit hiu qu khi nc bo ha khng kh. Thay i sc cng b mt c th thc y

tnh lng ca c do cc ht gy ra. Xo trn mu tht u v o cng sm cng tt. Khng xo

trn qu mnh bi v cht b mt c th b ni ln trn to bt. Ra sch cell mu gia cc ln o

ngn nga s tch ly cc cht b mt bn trong cc cell.

Note: c do cc cht b mt gy ra c b qua

2.3.5.3 S dng b ra bng sng siu m

B ra sng siu m (Cat. No 24895-00 hoc tng t) rt hiu qu trong vic kh bt kh ca hu ht

cc loi mu, c bit i vi cc cht lng c nht. Tuy nhin, b ra bng sng siu m cng c

th lm thay i c tnh c ca mu gy ra bi cc ht. c ph thuc vo kch c, hnh dng,

thnh phn v ch s khc x ca cc ht l lng. Nu s dng qu mc sng siu m c th lm thay

i kch thc cc ht l lng v hnh dng ca chng v do lm thay i c. Trong mt s

trng hp, vic s dng sng siu m c th lm cho nhim v loi tr bt kh hn do lm t on

cc bt kh, lm vic kh kh kh khn hn. S dng b sng siu m theo cc bc sau:

1. y mu vo cell sch. np m

2. Nhng cell ngp khong hay 2/3 trong b ra sng siu m v cho cell ng yn n khi thy

c bt kh b xut ra.

3. Ly cell ra khi b v y np li. Lau kh hon ton bn ngoi cell v tra mt lp mng du silicon.

Note: Thi gian cn cho bt kh xut ra khi cell c th khc nhau t vi giy n mt pht hoc

hn. Tun th theo cc bc n gin ny trnh s dng qu mc sng siu m. u tin, cung

cp sng siu m trong mt thi gian ngn v o li c. Tip tc v ghi li thi gian x l v gi tr

c. Nu c bt u gia tng thay v gim i th sng siu m c l bt u nh hng n cc

ht l lng trong mu. Khi li thi gian cn x l mu trc khi c tng v ghi nhn nh thi gian

gii hn ti a dng sng siu m x l.

2.3.5.4 S dng nhit

WARNING: Cn m bo np cell lng. Vic gia nhit c th gy n nu vn np cht.

Trnh s dng nhit tng cng vic kh kh nu khng cn thit. Nhit c th lm thay i c

tnh ca cc ht l lng v lm cho cc thnh phn d bay hi thot ra khi dung dch. Cp nhit thp

s gip cho vic kh bt kh i vi cc mu c nht cao khi kt hp vi vic ht chn khng hoc

dng sng siu m. Nu gia nhit cho mu l cn thit th ch lm mc kh kh. Lm lnh mu


tr li nhit ban u khi tin hnh o mu.

2.3.6 Trung bnh tn hiu

Chc nng trung bnh tn hiu (signal averaging) gip b tr khi c s dao ng gi tr c do s thay

i ngu nhin ca ht l lng trong mu. Trung bnh tn hiu c th chn bt hoc tt bt c lc no

trong qu trnh o c bng cch nhn chn phm SIGNAL AVG. Khi ch ON, ch th n cho

SIGNAL AVG s bt sng. Mn hnh c cp nht gi tr hu nh sau mi giy.

Khi bt ch trung bnh tn hiu th cc php o (iu chnh t 1 n 15) s c tch ly trong vng

m php o. Gi tr ban u c hin th tc th. Cc gi tr tip theo l gi tr trung bnh c tnh

trong vng m. Sau mt lot cc php o c tch ly (xp x 1 giy mt gi tr), gi tr hin th trn

mn hnh l gi tr trung bnh di chuyn theo s lng php o ghi nhn trong vng m tinh gi tr

trung bnh. Chn mt gi tr trung bnh tn hiu ca 1 cho thi gian phn hi ti u. Nhn phm ENTER

xa vng m lu tt c cc gi tr v cp nht gi tr o trn mn hnh. Nu tt ngun v sau

khi ng li th my s mc nh chn trung bnh tn hiu chn trong ln o cui cng.

2.3.6.1 Thay i ci t vng m trung bnh tn hiu

My 2100AN c vn chuyn t nh my c ci t vng m mc nh cho 10 php o.

thay i s lng php o lu trong vng m (t 1 n 15) thc hin theo cc bc sau:

1. Vo ch SETUP bng cch nhn phm SETUP. Ch ny s nhp sng

2. Thay i con s 09 bng cch dng phm iu chnh sau nhn ENTER. Chn cc con s t

1 n 15 bng cch dng cc phm iu chnh.

3. Nhn ENTER xc nhn ci t mi. Nhn SETUP quay li ch o. Nhn chn

UNITS/EXIT bt k khi no, trc khi chp nhn gi tr mi thot ra khi ci t v gi

nguyn gi tr mc nh.

2.3.7 Cc mu vt qu thang o

Phng php nephelometry o c ph thuc vo nh sng tn x t cc ht l lng. Nu c

qu cao, mt lng nh sng ng k c th b hp th bi cc ht v do nh sng tn x s b t i

so vi thc t. iu ny dn n kt qu b sai s m, c o c thp hn gi tr thc. Trong

trng hp ny gi l going blind- b m. Nu mu lm cho 2100AN b go blind, mu khi cn

c pha long v o li. Hoc, s dng cell adapter v cell mu c ng knh nh hn rt ngn

ng truyn sng.

Cc ht hp th nh sng nh cacbon hot tnh v lng ng k mu thc cng c th lm cho thit

b ri vo tnh trng go blind. Pha long c th khng hiu qu trong vic iu chnh cc tc nhn gy

nhiu ny. Ch RATIO c th hn ch c cc nh hng ca cc ht hp th nh sng, mu,

hp th quang v cc tc nhn gy c cao.

Khi c qu nhiu nh sng b hp th bi ma trn mu, lng nh sng khng thc hin o c.

Nu ri vo tnh trng ny, k hiu n trn mn hnh thit b s nhp nhy cnh bo cho ngi s

dng bit.


Nhng mu c c cao c th c pha long nhng trnh nu c th khng cn pha long v pha

long c th lm thay i c tnh ca cc ht l lng v gy ra sai s.

Khi cn thit, dng mt lng mu c lc qua pha long mu (pha long vi nc ct hoc

nc kh ion c th lm ha tan mt s c).

Lc mu bng b dng c Sample Filtration v Degassing Kit (Cat. No.43975-10) nh trong hnh 3.

Nu b lc trong kit ny b tt nghn qu nhanh th s dng dng c lc tiu chun 47mm nh m t

trong hnh 4 vi mng lc (Cat.No. 13530-01) hoc dng b lc si thy tinh (Cat.No.2530-00) nu

mu c cht rn rt cao. Sau khi pha long v o c, tnh kt qu thc t nh sau:

1. Tnh h s pha long

H s pha long = Th tch tng/ Th tch mu

Trong th tch tng = mu + nc pha long

V d: 20mL mu + 80 mL nc pha long = 100 mL tng

H s pha long = 100/20 =5

2. Tnh gi tr c cui cng

Kt qu o c x h s pha long = NTU thc

V d, nu gi tr c o c l 2450NTU, gi tr c thc t l 2450x5= 12250 NTU

Hnh 3 Dng c lc mu

Hnh 4 Lc mu


2.3.7.2 S dng cell adapter

Cell adapter c dng vi my 2100AN khi cc cell mu nh hn loi cell chun 25mm cn dng n.

C rt nhiu loi ng test, cell mu v cuvet s dng vi cell adapter. Cc cell c ng knh nh th

hu dng khi ch c lng mu t phn tch, mu c o trong ng ampule v khng th m ra

hoc mu qu c dng vi cell chun thng thng. ng truyn sng ngn hn cho php o

cc mu c thang o cao m khng cn pha long.

Adapter c th s dng vi cc ng c ng knh ngoi 12 n 13mm, 16mm v 19 mm. Loi

adapter 12-13mm tng thch vi c ng 12 v 13 mm. Th tch mu ti thiu c th dng l 2.5mL i

vi ng 12mm, 3.5mL i vi ng 13mm, 5mL i vi ng 16mm v 7mL i vi ng 19mm.

Note: My 2100AN c sai khc nhau t khi dng adapter bi v ng truyn sng ngn hn i cng

vi cell mu c ng knh nh hn. Tham kho phn hng dn i km vi cell adapter c thm

thng tin.

Adaper i cng mt tm chn sng cao dng vi cc ng nghim cao hn np y ca my.

La chn cn thn cell mu thy tinh c dng vi adapter sao cho phi sch v khng c vt xc

no ng k. Tun th nguyn tc cm nm v s dng ging nh vi cc cell mu chun ca

2100AN i vi cc cell nh hn (bao gm c vic tra lp du silicon ln b ngoi thnh thy tinh).

S dng kh nng hiu chun cho cc ng dng c bit ca thit b- Application Specific Calibration

(ASC) c c kt qu trc tip khi dng adapter (thay v xy dng ng chun mi cho mi ln

s dng adapter).

2.3.7.3 Lp v tho cell adapter

t cho du tab trn cell adapter thng hng v hng pha trc my t adapter vo trong bung

o. (xem hnh 5)

Ko cn thn adapter thng ln pha trn ly ra. Quay nh adapter gc 90o theo chiu kim ng h

n adapter b mc kt


Hnh 5 Lp cell adapter vo trong my

2.3.8 S ngng t (lm ph sng)

Note: lm nng c th lm thay i c mu. o mu m khng cn gia nhit khi c th.

S ngng t hi nc c th xy ra bn ngoi thnh ca cell mu khi mu lnh c o trong iu

kin mi trng m v m. S ngng t hay ph sng c th gy nhiu khi o c ca mu. Cn

m bo khng cn hi m ng bn ngoi thnh cell trc khi t vo trong bung o. Khi s ngng

t c th din ra, dng chc nng thi lc kh (air purge) ca my 2100AN. Tham kho phn 4 bit

cch kt ni v s dng b lc thi kh ny. Nu vn cn b ngng t khi dng b thi kh, c th

cn phi lm nng mu bng cch mu mt thi gian nhit phng hoc nhng mt phn vo

trong b nc m trong mt thi gian ngn. Cn m bo mu c xo trn hon ton trc khi o.

Kim tra v kim chng nhanh vic hiu chun cho my 2100 bng b dung dch chun cp km theo

tn gi StabCal Sealed Vial. Ch cn chn ng gn nht vi gi tr thang o ca mu (khng dng ng


2.3.9 Ly mu i din

Note: ch xo trn mu bng cch nh nhng o ngc ng cha mu. Khng lc mu.

Mu i din phn nh mt cch chun xc iu kin thc t ca ngun m mu c thu thp.

m bo tnh i din, nh nhng o ng nhng khng lc trc khi thu thp cht lng (cc phn

mu). Khng cho cc ht lng xung trc khi thc hin o c.

cho nc chy t nht 5 pht trc khi thu thp mu t vi nc h thng phn phi hay ti nh

my x l. Khi ly mu t ngun nc (nh sng, sui, b lng tch hoc b cha), ly t nht 1 lit

mu v xo trn u trc khi em i phn tch. Nu ngun ly mu khng ng nht, c th phi ly

mu nhiu v tr khc nhau ti cc su khc nhau v kt hp li thnh mu i din, xo trn u

trc khi em phn tch.


PHN 3 VN HNH

3.1 Kim sot hot ng v cc tn hiu ch th

Hnh 6 m t v tr cc nt iu khin, ch th v cc chc nng hot ng khc ca my 2100AN. Thng tin chc nng trn mi tnh nng ny c cung cp trong bng 1 v phn b sung vi cc thng tin chi tit c trong phn 3.1.1. n 3.1.11. Hnh 6 Model 2100AN cc chc nng hot ng v m t chc nng hot ng


Bng 1 Cc chc nng hot ng v m t chc nng hot ng

Mc Tn M t 1 ENTER c dng trong ch hiu chun chn gi tr ca dung dch hiu

chun Formazin v thc hin o cc dung dch chun. Nhn ENTER trong qu trnh o vi chc nng trung bnh tn hiu ON, xa vng m ca cc d liu trc . Thc hin zero my trong ch COLOR UNIT. Thc hin o zero trong ch %T v Absorbance.

2 Mi tn xung Ging nh mi tn ln ngoi tr cc bc ch hng. 3 Mi tn hng

phi Chuyn v tr mi tn trong qu trnh iu chnh dung dch chun hiu chun, ci t my v chn con s mu. Ngoi ra cng c s dng cho qua c ca nc pha long trong qu trnh hiu chun (nu yu cu)

4 Mi tn ln iu chnh k t LED trong ch hiu chun v cc bc dung dch chun t 00 n 05 (trong mn hnh mode). iu chnh s SETUP (trong mn hnh mode) trong qu trnh ci t cho my. Tng con s mu (trong mn hnh mode)

5 SAMPLE Thc hin iu chnh s mu hin th trong mn hnh MODE (n LED xanh). Bng n tn hiu hin sng cho bit ch SAMPLE c chn.

6 Mn hnh Mn hnh n LED 8 k t 7 Mn hnh ch

(n LED 2 k t xanh)

Hin th cc s dung dch hiu chun, cc s thng s ci t hoc s mu. Nhn phm mi tn ln hoc xung tng hay gim con s mu khi ang trong mt ch o. S mu bao gm thng tin v thi gian, ngy thng thc hin o in ra (c th iu chnh con s mu bng cch nhn vo phm SAMPLE)

8 n Bng tn hiu n bt sng ch th n ngun ca my ang m. Nhp nhy l ch th n pht nh sng yu.

9 CAL? n sng cho bit thng tin hiu chun c ghi li khi trong qu trnh hiu chun cc gi tr nm ngoi mc chp nhn (c th l sai s hiu chun do ngi vn hnh hoc do my b li). Thit b phi c hiu chun li nu CAL? nhp nhy

10 RANGE (thang o)

Chn thang o t ng hay th cng. Nhn vo RANGE chn cc thang o ca my

11 Manual range Bng tn hiu bt sng ch th my ang ch chn thang o th cng 12 Auto range Bng tn hiu bt sng ch th my ang ch t ng chn thang o 13 UNITS exit Chn n v o. Cc ty chn c sn gm NTU, EBC, NEPH, 5T,

Absorbance, CU v 2 n v ASC (ng dng c bit). Thot khi ch hiu chun hoc ci t m khng lu cc gi tr mi c.

14 RATIO Bt hoc tt ch RATIO (t l) [ch khi mu o trong ch NTU, EBC, NEPH < 40 NTU hoc tng ng]. Bng n tn hiu bt sng cho bit my ang ch Ratio ON. Chp nhy l ch th vt qu 40NTU trong ch RATION OFF.

15 FLOW Vo hoc thot ra khi ch dng chy t ng khi s dng Flow-Cell. Bng tn hiu hin sng ch th my ang vn hnh ch dng chy. Bng tn hiu chp nhy ch th mt chu k dng chy hon tt.

16 PRINT Chuyn kt qu o sang my tnh bn hoc my in. Nu my ang ch xem li hiu chun, nhn nt PRINT s chuyn cc d liu hiu chun ti my in hoc my tnh. Nu phm PRINT c gi trong khi bt ngun, ton b kt qu cc d liu chn on tn hiu cho my c chuyn sang my in hoc my tnh. Nhn phm PRINT trong khi iu chnh mt con s ci t s in ra tm tt cc dng lnh ci t cho my.

17 LINE FEED Cha 1 dng khi in vi my in ca my mi khi phm bm phm in 18 SIGNAL AVG Bt hoc tt chc nng trung bnh tn hiu (ON/OFF) 19 CAL Zero Thc hin hiu chun ban u trong ch o NTU, EBC, NEPH v ASC.

Thc hin phn tch zero trong hiu chun mu CU (n v mu) v cc ch vn hnh khc. Thc hin phn tch zero ban u trong ch


o % truyn quang v hp th quang. 20 SETUP iu chnh ban u mt s ci t cu hnh cho my trong mt s chc

nng vn hnh c bit ( nh tt hoc m chc nng bn phm pht ting ku bp, khong thi gian in, ngy thng nm, trung bnh tn hiu)

21 Dy ngun c th nhn

Kt ni vi dy ni ngun. Phi t chun bo v i vi ngun in th s dng

22 u cm cu ch Gm 2 delay theo thi gian, 1.6amp, 250V cu ch tng thch hot ng ngun 115-230V

23 I/O Cng tc bt hay tt my 24 u cm cng

giao tip u cm DB9 kt ni cp RS232

25 L cm b phn thi kh

Kt ni vi ng thi kh. p sut ti a 138kPa (20psig)

26 Jack cm ng ra Cung cp 0-1 V u ra hot ng vi mt b ghi s 27 Jack cm dy cp

t xa Kt ni vi modun Flow-Valve dng vi b Flow-Cell kit hot ng t ng (p sut thp)

(khng c trong hnh) Tm chn sng

Che b phn bung o hn ch nh sng lm nhiu trong qu trnh o. Bt buc phi y li khi o, khi hiu chun v khi bt my ln; lun ng li ngoi tr lc cn m t cell vo o.

(khng c trong hnh) Bung o

Gi cell mu vi dung dch c o. Du tham chiu c s dng canh t cell mu vo trong bung ng hng.

3.1.1 S dng phm RANGE

Tham kho phn Thng s k thut bit cc di o ca my. Chn thang o Automatic hoc Manual

bng cch nhn chn phm RANGE. Lp li cc bc nhn phm chn chuyn t thang o t ng

sang th cng v sau i vo tng ci t cho 4 thang o th cng. Khi thang o t ng c chn,

n tn hiu Auto Range s hin sng. Trong thang o th cng th n tn hiu cho MANUAL RANGE

s sng. Thit b mc nh ch thang o t ng trong khi hiu chun. Vic la chn thang o c

th c thc hin ti bt k thi im no trong khi thc hin phn tch mu. Nu my tt, n s mc

nh ch ci t thang o cui cng khi my c bt hot ng tr li.

Mn hnh nhp nhy trong 9 hay 0 giy khi mu o vt qu thang o hoc di thang o. Nhn phm

RANGE chn thang o ph hp hn. Nu mn hnh nhp nhy v cao hn thang o trong ch

chn thang o t ng hoc thang o th cng chn mc cao nht th mu c th vt qu kh

nng c ca my v cn phi pha long trc khi o (tham kho phn 2.3.7).

i vi nhng mu vt qu 40NTU, 286 Nephelos, 9.8 EBC hoc tng ng th chn n v o

trong Application Specific, mn hnh nhp nhy 19 giy ch th vt qu thang o nu ch RATIO

l OFF. Chn ch t l ON o cc mu c c im trn.

3.1.2 S dng phm UNITS/EXIT

Phm ny dng chn n v o. Ngoi ra, phm UNIT/EXIT cn dng quay tr li ch Sample

(o mu) khi ang bt k trong ch no ca chng trnh. Nu ngun in b ngt qung, my s

tr li vi n v chn trc khi b mt ngun.

Nhn phm UNITS/EXIT nhiu ln cho n khi hin th n n v o cn chn. Cc n v o c sn


trong my c hin th 3 v tr k t ca cng ca mn hnh LED.

Phm UNITS/EXIT cng dng thot ra khi ch hiu chun v s khng lu cc gi tr mi ang

thc hin, ch c nhng gi tr hiu chun trc c lu li. Cc thng tin v hiu chun c th

c xem li bng cch chn ch hiu chun v sau thot ra m khng lm thay i cc d liu

hiu chun. Hn na, nu c sai s trong qu trnh hiu chun, nhn phm UNITS/EXIT thot ra

chu trnh hiu chun m khng lu cc s liu mi.

3.1.3 S dng phm SIGNAL AVG

Khi chn bt chc nng SIGNAL AVG th cc s liu o c s c tch ly trong vng m cc d

liu o c. S lng cc d liu o c c lu v c s dng tnh ra gi tr trung bnh v s

lng d liu ny c th c chn bi ngi phn tch ( chn t 1 n 15 gi tr c). Khi ch

trung bnh tn hiu tt th my t ng ly 3 gi tr o tnh trung bnh v dng hin th ra kt qu

o. Gi tr u tin c cp nht ngay tc th khi SIGNAL AVG ON. Cc gi tr tip theo l gi tr trung

bnh ca cc s liu c tch ly trong vng m. Khi vng m tch ly s lng gi tr c theo

ci t th mn hnh s hin th gi tr trung bnh ca cc gi tr c tch ly.

Nhn SETUP thay i s lng gi tr c dng tnh trong ch trung bnh tn hiu (ban u l

10). Mt k t n LED xanh trn mn hnh s bt u nhp nhy. Nhn phm mi tn ln, xung, sang

phi chn s ci t 09. Nhn ENTER. K tip nhn con s ly trung bnh tn hiu bng cc phm

iu chnh. Nhn ENTER chp nhn s hin th trn mn hnh. Nhn phm SETUP thot khi ch

ci t. Nhn UNITS/EXIT ti bt k thi im no trc khi xc nhn chn gi tr mi iu chnh

thot khi ch ci t m vn gi nguyn gi tr ban u. Con s cao nht c th chp nhn cho

trung bnh tn hiu l 15; my s ly 15 gi tr c nu c chn nhiu hn s ny.

Nhn ENTER khi SIGNAL AVG c chn xa sch vng m d liu v cung cp gi tr cp nht

tc th. Nu tt ngun v sau khi ng li th my s chn li ci t cho trung bnh tn hiu ln

o sau cng.

3.1.4 S dng phm FLOW

Nhn phm FLOW nhp vo hoc thot ra ch FLOW t ng c dng lin kt vi b ly

dng mu t ng Flow-Cell. Tham kho phn 5.2.2 c thm thng tin.

3.1.5 S dng phm LINE FEED

Nhn phm LINE FEED cha 1 dng trong giy in khi in bng my in gn km vi my mi khi nhn

phm.

3.1.6 S dng phm RATIO

Chuyn RATIO sang m (ON) hoc tt (OFF) bng cch nhn phm RATIO. n tn hiu bt sng ch

th chc nng RATIO c chn. n tn hiu chp sng v 9s hin th trn mn hnh bo cho bit

my ang o mu c c ln hn 40NTU v RATIO ang ch tt. Nhn chn RATIO xa


iu kin thang o vt mc; n ch th hin sng.

Vi ch RATIO ON, cc u cm bin quang gc 90O, gc tn x trc v sau c dng

thc hin o c ca mu. Khi gi tr c cao hn 4000, tn hiu t cm bin nh sng tn x

ngc pha sau c thu nhn a vo php o.

Vic o c ch RATIO on v off l nh nhau khi o c thp hn 40NTU nu vic gy nhiu

do mu hay cc ht hp th nh sng khng hin din. Tuy nhin, RATIO ON s b tr cho cc

khc bit ca my v mu. Vn hnh vi ch RATIO c khuyn khch cho hu ht cc o c.

Tham kho phn 1.3 c thm thng tin chi tit v o c vi ch RATIO ON hoc OFF.

3.1.7 S dng phm PRINT

Phm PRINT kch hot mt s hot ng chuyn d liu. Nhn phm PRINT in ra cc gi tr hin th

trn mn hnh, n v o, s mu v ngy thng thi gian thc hin o n my in ci t sn trong

my hoc ra ng RS232. Xem phn 6.4.2 c hng dn ci t chi tit.

Khong cch thi gian in c th c ci t cho thit b (xem phn 6.4.2.3). Nhn phm PRINT

khi ng khong cch in sau khi ci t. n tn hiu PRINT nhp nhy bo hiu khong cch

in c ch nh cho my nhng cha bt u thc hin. n bo tn hiu bt sng khi ci t khong

cch in bt u c ch o.

Bo co cc d liu hiu chun c khi to bng cch nhn phm PRINT khi trong ch hiu

chun. Bm gi phm PRINT trong khi bt my in bo co chn on tn hiu ca my. Bo co ny

c th c truyn sang mt my in ngoi hoc my tnh qua ng RS232. Nhn phm PRINT lc ang

ch ci t (SETUP) s in ra bo co cc chc nng ci t tham chiu theo cc s ci t.

3.1.8 S dng phm CAL/Zero

Hiu chun c bt u thc hin bng cch nhn chn phm CAL/zero khi ang lm vic ch

o NTU, EBC, NEPH hoc ng dng c bit. n v ca hiu chun l NTU s dng dung dch

Formazin. Tham kho phn 10 c thm hng dn chi tit.

Nhn phm CAL/zero khi kt thc cc bc hiu chun s lu li cc gi tr hiu chun mi va thc

hin v my s t ng tr li mn hnh ch o trc ngi s dng chn. Tham kho

phn 3.2.4 c thm hng dn hiu chun chi tit.

3.1.9 S dng phm ENTER

Nhn phm ENTER xc nhn cc thng tin ci t v c iu chnh hoc bt u thc hin

hiu chun cho my bng dung dch chun.

Nhn phm ENTER xa cc d liu lu trong vng m tnh trung bnh tn hiu v cp nht hin

th nhanh chng gi tr khi ang o ca mu. Tnh nng ny c phn hu ch khi mu c c thay

i ln.


3.1.10 S dng cc phm mi tn

Cc phm mi tn hng ln, xung v sang phi dng iu chnh gi tr hin th trn mn hnh trong

qu trnh hiu chun v chuyn n hiu chun dung dch chun k tip. Chng cng dng iu

chnh mn hnh bt c khi no c k t nhp nhy. Do , c th xem nh cc phm ny l phm iu

chnh.

Phm mi tn hng phi cng c th c dng trong sut qu trnh hiu chun b qua dung dch

chun l nc pha long (standard 00). Bc ny khng c khuyn khch ngoi tr trong cc ng

dng c bit. Tham kho phn 3.2 n 3.3.4 bit thm chi tit.

3.1.11 S dng phm SAMPLE

Nhn phm SAMPLE bt u iu chnh con s mu hin th trong mn hnh MODE (n LED xanh).

n ch th k bn phm bt sng bo hiu ch SAMLE c chn.

3.1.12 S dng phm SETUP

Nhn phm SETUP bt u iu chnh cc s ci t nh dng mt s chc nng cho my (v d

nh pht ting ku bp phm bm khi tt hoc m, khong cch in, thi gian v ngy thng, trung

bnh tn hiu, ) Sau khi nhn phm ci t, nhn phm PRINT in ra danh sch cc s ci t cho

my km cu cc cu lnh.

3.1.13 Ting pht ra t phm bm (Beeper)

Ting pht ra t phm bm c th chn tt hoc m. Khi chn ch m th mi khi bm phm no bt

k th cng to ra ting bp. My c xut xng vi ch ting ku ci sn l m. tt i ch

ny th thc hin theo cc bc sau:

Nhn phm SETUP. n tn hiu bt sng v mt trong hai k t n LED xanh trn mn hnh nhp

nhy. Nu mn hnh khng c 00, dng cc phm iu chnh chn 00. Nhn ENTER. Mn hnh c

BEEP ON hoc BEEP OFF. S dng phm mi tn ln hoc xung chn ch vn hnh mun

thc hin. Nhn SETUP thot khi ch SETUP. Nhn phm UNITS/Exit ti bt k thi im no

nu mun thot ra khi ch ang ci t m khng lu li ch ci t mi tr li mn hnh

giao tip lc u.

3.2 Hiu chun

B phn quang hc v in t ca my 2100AN c thit k my hot ng vi n nh cao

trong thi gian di v hn ch ti a nhu cu cn phi hiu chun thng xuyn cho my. H thng

quang hc c nhiu mt quang cm bin nh sng tn x tnh t l b tr cho khc bit khi hiu

chun c th xy ra trong h thng in v quang.

Hach khuyn khch vic hiu chun cho my trc khi a vo s dng ln u tin. Khi s liu c dng vi mc ch bo co theo quy nh ca USEPA, th phi hiu chun li my it nht sau mi 3 thng hoc nhiu hn ty theo yu cu ca quy nh bo co. nh k, da vo kinh nghim vn hnh


hoc yu cu lut nh, phi thc hin kim chun vic hiu chun ca my s dng mt trong cc l dung dch chun StablCal c cp km theo my. Nu kt qu khng nm trong khong cho php, vt qu 10% gi tr ca dung dch chun th phi hiu chun li my.

Note: ti a chun xc v s dng d dng, my o c ca Hach c cp km mt b

StablCal dng vo vic hiu chun. B dung dch ny c xc nh c ca dung dch

formmazin n nh v c nim kn trong l.

Note: Vic hiu chun c da trn tng quan bc nht gm 4 im gi tr c lp. Cc kt qu

khng t yu cu c th xy ra nu cc dung dch chun ny khc vi cc im c khuyn khch

s dng. Nh sn xut xut cc im hiu chun da trn s nghin cu ca cc nh ha hc v k

s ca Hach Company c c chun xc hiu chun tt nht. S dng cc dung dch chun

khc ngoi StablCal hoc dung dch chun do ngi s dng pha long t Formazin c th cho ra kt

qu km chnh xc hn.

3.2.1 Dung dch m Formazin (stock)

Pha long Formazin c cc dung dch chun dng hiu chun cho my c thc hin t dung dch

stock Formazin 4000-NTU tng ng vi m t hng Cat.No. 2461-49 c cp km theo my. Chai

dung dch stock Formazin ny c th n nh n 1 nm k t ny nhn hng nu c lu tr trong

iu kin thch hp. Lc xo trn u Formazin trc khi s dng pha long. Nu mun, c th pha

ch dung dch stock 4000NTU t hydrazine sulfate v hexamethylenetetramine (c th t mua t

Hach). Hach Company khuyn khch s dng chai dung dch chun c pha ch sn c th t

c chun xc tt nht v so snh d liu c lu di. Pha ch 4000 NTU t ha cht tinh khit

ph thuc nhiu vo nhit v k thut pha ch. Dung dch pha ch sn ca Hach c sn xut

di iu kin kim sot cht lng cht ch nht. Cc chai dung dch Formazin c t mua tip

theo sau s vn m bo tnh n nh tng ng vi dung dch c cp km ln u vi my.

Tham kho phn 3.2.7 bit cch pha long.

3.2.2 Nc pha long

S dng nc cht lng cao, c thp (


hiu chun cho my Model 2100AN Turbidimeter. Ch pha long Formazin trc khi cn hiu chun v b dung dch pha long sau khi s dng. Trong khi dung dch stock 4000 NTU c th n nh n 1 nm th dung dch pha long s b thay i nhanh hn. Pha long theo hng dn trong bng 2 c dung dch chun 20, 200 v 1000 NTU. Nc pha long s dng c dng c gi tr blank ban u. Note: Khi o c thp hn 4000 NTU, im hiu chun ti gi tr 7500 NTU s khng a vo trong phn hiu chun ca my. Sau khi hiu chun 4000 NTU, nhn phm CAL/Zero hon tt cc bc hiu chun, lu li 5 im hiu chun mi v qua tr li ch o ban u. Dung dch chun Formazin 7500 NTU c pha ch trong ng ampul s dng ngay. Khng m ampul hoc s dng pha long nh l dung dch m. Dung dch n nh trong 1 nm t ngay c nhn hng. Thay dung dch chun nh k hng nm. Bng 2 Pha long dung dch Formazin

Dung dch chun Bc 1 Bc 2 Bc 3

20NTU 100mL nc pha

long v bnh nh mc loi A, sch, dung tch 200mL

Dng TenSette * Pipet ly 1.00mL dung dch m Formazin 4000 NTU xo trn u cho vo bnh nh mc 200mL

Pha long bng nc dng pha long n vch nh mc. y np vo lc u.

200NTU 50mL nc pha long v bnh nh mc loi A, sch, dung tch 100mL



1000NTU 50mL nc pha long v bnh nh mc loi A, sch, dung tch 100mL



4000NTU khong 30mL dung dch m Formazin 4000 NTU xo trn u vo cell sch. Khng cn pha long

7500NTU ampul S dng ng ampul nim kn c cung cp. Khng m np hoc dng pha long.

*cc pipet loi A c th dng thay th cho TenSette Pipet


Note: nh du ch hng ln mi cell cng vi bung o tham chiu khi s dng cc ng c

nh du khp v tr o vi nhau.

3.2.4 Hiu chun cho my 2100AN (s dng Formazin standards)

1. t knh lc USEPA

vo v tr

Note: lau sch knh lc

trc khi thc hin hiu

chun ban u hoc phi

lm sch t nht 3 thng 1

ln (theo khuyn co ca

USEPA)

Note: lau sch knh

lc, s dng nc dng

lau thy tinh, lau thu knh

hoc cn (isopropyl

alcohol) v que bng gn

qun u.

2. Nhn CAL/zero

n bo hiu CAL bt

sng v k t n LED

xanh nhp nhy 00 trn

mn hnh. Gi tr NTU

ca nc pha long

c s dng ca ln

hiu chun trc s

hin ra.

Note: D liu hiu chun

ch Ratio ON v OFF

c o v lu li ng

thi

Note: hiu chun cho n

v o l EBC v NEPH

c t ng chuyn i

t d liu hiu chun NTU

Note: trong lc nhp vo ch Calibration, Automatic Range, Signal Averaging On,Ratio on v n v NTU c t ng chn. Vi vic hon tt bc hiu chun, tt c cc ch hot ng c phc hi li theo cc ci t hiu chun trc .

3. vo cell sch n

vch ch th (khong

30mL) nc pha long.

Lau sch bn ngoi cell

v tra mt lp mng

du silicon (xem phn

2.3.2)

Note: c chun xc

tt nht s dng cc cell

lm du khp v tr

trong bung o trong sut

qu trnh hiu chun (xem

phn 2.3.4.2) hoc phi

dng cng mt cell cho tt

c dung dch chun.

Note: Phn nc pha

long c dng pha

vi dung dch chun m

phi c s dng trong

bc ny.

Note: thot ra khi cc

bc hiu chun bt k lc

no m khng thay i

cc gi tr lu th nhn

phm UNITS/exit.

4. t cell vo trong

bung o v y np

che sng li.

Note: t cell vo trong

bung o sao cho du ch

hng khp vi du ch

th trn bung o.


5. Nhn ENTER.

My hin th s m

ngc t 60 xung 0

v sau bt u o

mu. Kt qu ny c

lu li v c dng

tnh ton cho h s iu

chnh khi o vi tt c

dung dch chun NTU.

Note: nu c gi tr ca

nc pha long >0.5 NTU

th bo li E1 s hin th

bc cui cng, bc 11

Note: c ca nc

pha long c th c b

qua thay v c gi tr

c ca nc pha long.

Tham kho phn 3.3.1

6. My s t ng tng

s ch th dung dch

chun k tip theo gi

tr NTU cn o (v d l

20NTU) v s th t

dung dch chun 01 s

hin ra trn mn hnh.

Ly cell ra khi bung

o.

7. vo cell sch n

vch ch th dung dch

Formazin 20NTU

xo trn u. Lau sch

bn ngoi cell v tra

mt lp mng du

silicon (xem phn 2.3.2)

v t vo trong bung

o, y np che sng

li.

8. Nhn ENTER

Mn hnh m ngc

t 60 xung 0 v thc

hin o. My s t

ng tnh vo h s

iu chnh b tr

c ca nc pha

long. My s t ng

chuyn sang s th t

ca dung dch chun

tip theo, trn mn hnh

hin ra 200.0NTU v

con s 02 cng hin th.

Ly cell ra khi my.

9. vo cell sch n

vch ch th dung dch

Formazin 200NTU

xo trn u. Lau sch

bn ngoi cell v tra

mt lp mng du

silicon v t vo trong

bung o, y np che

sng li.

10 vo cell sch n

vch ch th dung dch

Formazin 1000NTU

xo trn u. Lau sch

bn ngoi cell v tra

mt lp mng du

silicon v t vo trong

bung o, y np che

sng li.

11. vo cell sch

n vch ch th dung

dch Formazin

4000NTU xo trn

u. Lau sch bn

ngoi cell v tra mt lp

mng du silicon v t

vo trong bung o,

y np che sng li.

12. Ly ng dung dch

chun 7500NTU

Formazin v cm u

ng ampule, o ngc

nhiu ln xo trn

u. Tra mt lp mng

du silicon ln b mt

ng v t vo trong

bung o, y np che


Nhn ENTER.

My hin th s m

ngc t 60 xung 0

v sau bt u o.

My s t ng chuyn

sang s th t ca

dung dch chun tip

theo, trn mn hnh

hin ra 1000NTU v


Ly cell ra khi my.

Nhn ENTER.

My hin th s m

ngc t 60 xung 0

v sau bt u o.

My s t ng chuyn

sang s th t ca

dung dch chun tip

theo, trn mn hnh

hin ra 4000NTU v


Ly cell ra khi my.

Nhn ENTER.

My hin th s m

ngc t 60 xung 0

v sau bt u o.

My s t ng chuyn

sang s th t ca

dung dch chun tip

theo, trn mn hnh

hin ra 7500NTU v


Ly cell ra khi my.

sng li. m bo du

ch hng nm v tr

khp vi du ch th

trn bung o. Nhn

ENTER.

My hin th s m

ngc t 60 xung 0

v sau bt u o.

Trn mn hnh hin ra

s th t tip theo l 00

v gi tr trc o

vi nc pha long s

hin th.

13. Nhn CAL/Zero.

My thc hin hiu chun da

trn d liu hiu chun mi va

thc hin, lu li cc s liu ny

v quay tr li ch o ban

u ca my.

Note: nu mt ngun in trong khi

hiu chun th cc s liu hiu

chun mi s b mt v cc s liu

c c s dng. thot khi

hiu chun m khng mun lu cc

s liu mi o th nhn UNITS/Exit.

Note: Nu li ERR01 hoc ERR02

xut hin trn mn hnh c ngha c

li xy ra trong qu trnh hiu chun

(tham kho bng 5). xa cc

bo li v tip tc o c th nhn

ENTER. Tuy nhin, tn hiu CAL?

ch tt khi thc hin li vic hiu

chun, khi cc s liu gy bo li

s c xa b. Chun b cc dung

dch chun mi v hiu chun li

my. m bo dung dch Formazin

cn mi v c xo trn u.

Ngoi ra cng cn kim tra m

bo nc pha long < 0.5 NTU

3.2.5 Cm nm cc ng dung dch chun StablCal

c k cc bc sau trc khi tip xc StablCal Standards Important note: khng bao gi lc hoc o ngc ng dung dch


Nu cc dung dch chun va c chuyn n t nh sn xut hoc yn mt thi gian khng s dng n hn 1 tun th bt u vi bc 1

1. Ly dung dch chun < 0.1 NTU t hp nha v t n qua mt bn. y np hp nha li. 2. yn cc l dung dch chun khc trong hp v lc hp trong 2 hay 3 pht 3. hp ng yn khng b xo ng trong 5 pht 4. Thc hin bc 7 bn di 5. Ly dung dch chun < 0.1 NTU ra khi hp nha v t yn qua mt bn. y np hp

nha li. 6. yn cc l dung dch chun khc trong hp v lc hp 10 ln 7. Ra sch, lau kh bn ngoi cc ng 8. Tra du silicon bn ngoi thnh l ngay trc khi s dng tng l (Cat.No. 1269-36)

a. nh mt nh ln thnh ng du chy t np xung y b. thoa cho du tri u thnh ng bng tm vi du. Lau sch phn d tha. Cc l phi trng kh, thy hoc khng nhn thy rt t lp du

Note: bo qun ming vi du trong ti nha kn trnh b bn 9. Tin hnh tip vi cc bc hiu chun.

3.2.6 Hiu chun my vi StablCal Sealed Vial Standards

1. t knh lc USEPA

vo v tr nu cn cho

mc ch bo co

(2100N v 2100AN)


trc khi thc hin hiu

chun ban u hoc phi

lm sch t nht 3 thng 1

ln (theo khuyn co ca

USEPA)


bng nc dng lau thy

tinh, lau thu knh hoc

cn (isopropyl alcohol) v

que bng gn qun u.

2. Nhn CAL/zero

n bo hiu CAL bt

sng v k t n LED

xanh nhp nhy 00 trn

mn hnh. Gi tr NTU

ca nc pha long

c s dng ca ln

hiu chun trc s

hin ra.

Note: D liu hiu chun

ch Ratio ON v OFF

c o v lu li ng

thi

Note: hiu chun cho n

v o l EBC v NEPH

c t ng chuyn i

t d liu hiu chun NTU

3. Ly StablCal

Sealed Vial c nhn


Note: trong lc nhp vo ch Calibration, Automatic Range, Signal Averaging On,Ratio on v n v NTU c t ng chn. Vi vic hon tt bc hiu chun, tt c cc ch hot ng c phc hi li theo cc ci t hiu chun trc .


9. Nhn CAL/Zero.

My thc hin hiu chun da

trn d liu hiu chun mi va

thc hin, lu li cc s liu ny

v quay tr li ch o ban

u ca my.

Note: nu mt ngun in trong khi

hiu chun th cc s liu hiu

chun mi s b mt v cc s liu

c c s dng. thot khi

hiu chun m khng mun lu cc

s liu mi o th nhn UNITS/Exit.

Note: Nu li ERR01 hoc ERR02

xut hin trn mn hnh c ngha c

li xy ra trong qu trnh hiu chun

(tham kho bng 5). xa cc

bo li v tip tc o c th nhn

ENTER. Tuy nhin, tn hiu CAL?

ch tt khi thc hin li vic hiu

chun, khi cc s liu gy bo li

s c xa b.

3.2.6.1 Xem li s liu hiu chun xem li s liu hiu chun gn nht cn nh hng, nhn phm CAL/Zero v sau dng phm mi tn ln di chuyn n phn dung dch chun. Nhn phm PRINT in tt c cc s liu lin quan n hiu chun ang c my s dng. Nhn UNITS/Exit quay tr li ch hot ng ban u. Cc d liu hiu chun lu khng b tc ng.

3.2.7 Pha ch dung dch m Formazin

Warning: lm quen vi cc ch v tip xc ha cht, nguy him v cc bc ng cu s c khn cp, lun cn phi c qua t thng tin v an ton vt liu (MSDS) trc khi tip xc bt k thng cha, b cha hay h thng phn phi c cha ha cht, thuc th v dung dch chun. Lun eo king bo v mt trnh vic tip xc vi ha cht. Note: Chun b dung dch Formazin t ha cht tinh khit khng c khuyn khch bi nh sn xut. Vic pha ch ph thuc rt nhiu vo nhit v k thut thc hin. S dng dung dch m Formazin 4000 NTU c sn xut sn gip trnh vic tip xc vi ha cht tinh khit v gip my hot ng tt nht, o chun xc dung dch chun. Dung dch m Formazin 4000 NTU c th c tng hp to dung dch chun pha long thay cho loi c pha ch sn. Quy trnh thc hin theo cc bc sau:

1. Ha tan 5.000 g ha cht hydrazine sulfate ((NH2)2H2SO4, Cat. No. 742-26) vo khong 400 mL nc kh khong.

2. Ha tan 50.000 g ha cht hydrazine sulfate ((NH2)2H2SO4 Cat. No. 742-26) vo khong 400 mL nc kh khong.

3. Mt cch nh lng, 2 dung dch ny vo trong bnh nh mc 1 L v pha long n vch bng nc kh khong. Xo trn u.

4. cho dung dch yn trong 24 gi 25 3 C (77 5 F). Cc phn l lng s to thnh trong thi gian ny.


3.3 Cc ng dng nghin cu c bit

Cc chc nng v vn hnh chuyn bit c thit k trong my 2100AN nhm phc v cho cc ng dng nghin cu c bit. Tham kho phn 10 bit thm thng tin v o c trong phn ng dng ny, s dng cell adapter v m-un lc hon i. Vic theo di v la chn cc detector c lp cng c th thc hin. V d, nu nh sng tn x ngc v sau cn c o li theo c tnh ca mu th c th a thng tin vo. Tham kho phn 12.3.1 bit m chn on tn hiu thit b cn cho vic xy dng mt phng php ring bit.

3.3.1 B qua nc pha long

c ca nc pha long c th c b qua bng cch nhn chn vo phm mi tn hng phi thay v o c ca dung dch chun th t 00. Mn hnh hin ra nh sau ----, nhn phm mi tn ln thc hin bc tip theo vi dung dch chun khc. B qua nc pha long khng c khuyn khch thc hin trong hu ht cc ng dng v n lm cho kt qu c th sai lch ng k khi o c thp hn 100 NTU. Ch dng trong trng hp m bn bit l nc pha long hon ton khng c ht l lng.

3.3.2 iu chnh cc im hiu chun

Note: ng hiu chun c da vo mi tng quan tuyn tnh bc nht xy dng n 4 bin c lp. Cc kt qu khng nh d on c th xy ra nu cc dung dch chun khng thc hin ti cc im xut. Nh sn xut a ra cc im hiu chun da vo s nghin cu ca cc nh ha hc v k s ca Hach c c s chun xc tt nht. S dng dung dch chun Formazin khc vi loi c ch nh trong phn 3.2.3 c th cho kt qu km chun xc hn. Khi s dng dung dch Formazin pha long m khng phi c c 20-200-1000-4000 v 7500NTU cho vic hiu chun my th c th iu chnh cc im khi chng hin th trn mn hnh trong qu trnh hiu chun chng khp vi gi tr thc t ca dung dch chun s dng. V d, nu dng dung dch chun 25 NTU thay v 20NTU nh hng dn th khi gi tr 20.00 hin ra c th iu chnh li trc khi nhn phm ENTER bt u o. Nhn vo phm mi tn hng phi i vo ch iu chnh, khi s sau du thp phn s nhp nhy. Dng phm mi tn hng phi di chuyn n du thp phn cn thay i. Nhn ENTER chp nhn v tr du thp phn vi v lm cho s 2 nhp nhy. V khng cn i s 2 nn nhn phm mi tn hng phi dch chuyn sang s k tip v nhn mi tn hng ln tng n s 5 c gi tr hin th lc ny l 25.00. By gi nhn ENTER v my bt u m ngc t 60 xung 0 o v b tr c ca nc pha long. My s t ng chuyn n gi tr dung dch chun k tip, mn hnh s hin ra 02 (n LED xanh). Tip tc vic hiu chun, iu chnh gi tr nu cn cho cc dung dch chun sau .

3.3.3 Chun b pha long Formazin-Ngi s dng la chn

Hach Company khuyn khch s dng 20-200-1000-4000 v 7500 NTU dung dch chun Formazin hiu chun cho my 2100AN. Cc gi tr pha long khc c th c s dng nhng nu c vn xut hin khi s dng thay th th p dng cc pha long c nu r trong phn 3.2.3 Chun b pha long t dung dch Formazin 4000 NTU c xo trn u nh m t trong phn


3.2.3 v nc pha long nh trong phn 3.2.2. Chun b Formazin pha long sao cho nm trong khong thang o ca my. Cn c 4 dung dch chun theo mc ngh nh sau: a. Mt nm trong mc t 10 n 30 NTU b. Mt nm trong mc t 180 n 220 NTU c. Mt nm trong mc t 900 n 1100 NTU d. Mt 4000 NTU Cc dung dch chun phi c c cch bit nhau t nht l 60 NTU. Ngoi ra, c mu trng o th dng chnh nc s dng pha long vi Formazin m v nhp vo im hiu chun 00. Chun b dung dch chun trc khi cn s dng v b khi xong phn hiu chun.

3.3.4 Hiu chun my 2100AN (dng vi dung dch chun do ngi s dng chn)

Thc hin hiu chun theo cc bc nh m t trong phn 3.2.4 ngoi tr 2 iu: 1. Cc dung dch chun c gi tr khc vi cc dung dch dng trong bc 6, 9, 10, 11 v 12 2. Trc khi nhn ENTER o tng dung dch chun, iu chnh li gi tr hin tr trn mn hnh tng ng vi c ca dung dch ang dng. iu ny thc hin bng cch dng phm mi tn hng phi i vo ch iu chnh sau dng phm mi tn ln, xung, hng phi thay i con s. Note: c chun xc cao nht, s dng cng cell mu hoc bn cell mu c nh khp vch o trong sut qu trnh hiu chun. Chm dt vic hiu chun bt c lc no m khng phi thay i cc gi tr c lu bng cch nhn nt UNITS/Exit.


PHN 4 H THNG THI KH

4.1 Kt ni h thng thi kh

Mt h thng thi kh c ni vi ngn quang hc ca my thi kh kh vo trong gip ngn nga s ngng t hi nc bn ngoi thnh cell o khi o cc mu lnh. H thng ny c bit hu ch khi s dng b Flow-Thru Cell. Kh nit kh hoc khng kh t chun cho thit b (ANSI MC 11.1, 1975) c p sut n 138kPa (20 psig) c th c dng thi kh cho bn ngoi ngn quang hc. Tc tiu th kh khuyn co l t 3 n 10 SCFH (chun ft3/gi). Vic kt ni c thc hin ti u khp Air Purge mt sau my. Note: Khng c vt qu 138kPa (20 psig) Khi nhit ca mu c d on khong gn hoc thp hn 20C th s dng thit b sy ht m (disccant dryer) v u lc ht m bo nhit im sng ca my thi kh di nhit mu. Thit b sy ht m c cha cc ht ht m silica dng gel s chuyn mu hng khi bo ha hi m. Tui th ca cht ht m ty thuc vo m trong mi trng. Nu ca hng bn cc thit b kh c sn th s dng u lc than dng khi vi l thot kh t ng c trong lin kt gia thit b ht m v u lc t c khng kh c cht lng cho thit b. Tui th ca u lc than c th hn 2000 gi. Thay u lc ht cng lc vi thit b sy kh. Hnh 7 m t phng php kt ni 2 b phn cp kh cho my. B sy kh v u lc khng cn thit nu s dng kh nit kh thi kh vo my. Hnh 7 Kt ni cc b phn thi kh


PHN 5 S DNG B DNG C FLOW-CELL

5.1 M t

C 3 b kit Flow-Cell c th dng km vi my o c 2100AN. Hai trong ba b dng cho trng hp p sut thp [< 34kPa (5 psig)] v mt b dng cho trng hp p sut cao [


Hnh 9 Flow-cell th cng cho p sut thp

5.2.1 Flow-cell th cng (p sut thp)

Manual Flow-Cell Kit (Cat. No. 47449-00) dng cho p sut thp [


Hnh 10 Lp

5.2.2.1 Ni ng dn vo v ra

1. Ct on ng Tygon 1/8" I.D, sch, di 53-cm (21"). Gn vo gia u dn vo phu Flow-Cell v van m-un i vo.

Note: dng ng c cp km theo b kit (hoc loi ng tng ng). Chiu di ng xp x nhau. Trnh dng ng qu di s lm kh b nht li v lm gim thi gian phn hi.

2. Ct on ng Tygon 1/8" I.D, sch, di 31-cm (12"). Gn vo gia u Flow Valve Module i ra vi u ng i vo Flow-Cell

3. Ct on ng Tygon 1/8" I.D, sch, di 25-cm (10"). Gn vo gia nh v y ng chy ra vi u ni ch Y.

4. Ct on ng Tygon 1/8" I.D, sch, di 11-cm (4"). Gn vo on cn li ca u ni ch Y. Dn ng lun qua di nh hnh 11. Gn u ni 1/8" x 1/4" vo u cn li ca ng.

5. Ct on ng Tygon 1/4" I.D, sch, di 50-cm (4"). ng tygon dng cho ng ng thot nc. Mt u gn vi u ni 1/8" x 1/4" v u ng cn li chy vo h thng thot nc. ng thot nc cui cng phi t do v thp hn so vi my trnh kh khng thot ra c cng nh to dng chy d dng. t my cng gn l thot nc cng tt s dng ng ni ngn nht nu c th.

B kit c cp km theo 152cm ng . H thng s khng thot nc tt nu dng vt qu chiu di ca ng dy cp km theo ny. Nu s dng ht ton b 152cm, th u cn li ca ng thot phi cn 46cm v t bn di chnh gia my cho dng chy t nhin.

6. Ni ngun vo gic cm trn Flow Valve Module. Cm vo ngun thch hp trn tng.

7. Ni gic cm Remote vo mt sau ca my 2100AN n gic cm Remote mt sau ca Flow


Valve Module bng dy cp t xa.

5.2.2.2 S dng Automated Flow-Cell Kit Note: lp rp ng v cho Flow-Cell. Sau , nc vo phu kim tra cc u ni khp cht khng trc khi t Flow-Cell vo trong bung mu ca my. Sau khi vo, kim tra c b r r nc hay khng. Ngoi ra cng xem cell c sch v c bt kh bn trong hay khng. Thng bt kh c khuynh hng tp trung nhng v tr khng `c sch hon ton. ` qwe11211```4asqH Ra sch Flow-Cell (tham kho phn 5.2.5) sau tra mt lp mng du silicon ln bn ngoi cell (xem phn 2.3.2.1). t Flow-Cell vo trong bung o v nhn u ng dn vo, dn ra vo rnh c sn trn mt khung my (xem hnh 11). Che cell li vi tm che sng i cng b (Flow-Cell Light Cover). Flow-Cell Light Cover phi c lp cng thi im khi Flow-Cell c s dng. Ming che sng ca thit b khng y li khi Flow-Cell c s dng. Dng chy t Flow-Cell c iu khin bng cng tc van nm trn Flow Valve Module. iu khin van c 3 v tr cng tc: M, ng lin tc v m tm thi. Van ng khi vn nm v tr chnh gia (closed). Van m khi cng tc v tr hng ln (m lin tc) cho n khi cng tc vn xung v tr gia (Closed). Phi n gi v tr m van nu mun m van tm thi, khi bung ra th van s t ng tr li v tr chnh gia (Closed). cng tc nm v tr chnh gia cho Flow Valve Module iu khin hot ng t xa, t ng vi my 2100AN. C th chn o ch Static (tnh) hoc Dynamic (ng) cho my 2100AN trong qu trnh my hot ng t ng; thi gian chy mu (fill time) v thi gian o (measurement time) c th c lp trnh. mu cn thn vo phu cha hn ch ti a vic to ra bt kh trong mu. Bt kh c th gy ra sai s dng trong php o c. Lun lun mu t t xung thnh phu. 5.2.2.4 Chn ch FILL TIME Fill time l khong thi gian van m cho dng mu chy vo h thng o trc khi thc hin php o. Fill time c th c la chn t 0 giy n 99 pht 99 giy. Ci t fill time l 0 giy th my s bt u o ngay tc th m khng c thi gian ch. Chn thi gian cho fill time phi tnh n thi gian mu chy vo h thng cng nh thi gian thi kh lm sch sau khi o mu trc . Tng th tch cho h thng Flow-Cell (ngoi tr 350mL th tch ca phu cha) t u ra ca phu n u ra ca flow cell l khong 30mL. Tc dng chy i qua h thng l khong 250mL/pht. Hach company ngh th tch thp nht l 120mL (fill time = 30 giy) ra h thng sau khi o mu trc . Th tch ny ra h thng 4 ln. Thi gian fill time t hn khi lp li php o cho cng mt mu. Khi o nhiu mu c c khc nhau, o mu theo th t mu c c thp n cao hn ch lng vt cht di chuyn t mu ny sang mu khc. 5.2.2.5 Chn thi gian o Measurement time l khong thi gian my kch hot thc hin o c ca mu. My c c


mt khong 1 giy cho mt ln o v mn hnh s c cp nht kt qu c. Measurement time c th chn ci t t 0 n 99 pht 99 giy. Gi tr hin th sau cng c gi nguyn trn mn hnh v cc kt qu o c truyn t ng n my in ca my (hay qua ng RS232 n my in ngoi hoc my tnh ngoi nu c kt ni) khi kt thc thi gian ci t cho measurement time. My s tip tc gi gi tr cui cng n khi phm FLOW c nhn thot khi ch FLOW hoc khi nhn phm ENTER lp li phn chu k o m khng lp li fill time. Note: thi gian ti thiu cho Measurement time l 15 giy Vic ci t 0 giy cho Measurement time s lm my o lin tc v thng chy vi ch o ng (dynamic); my tip tc ly mu o cho n khi phm FLOW c nhn thot khi ch FLOW. Khi chn 0 giy cho ch o tnh (static) s khng c gi tr v cc ht c trong mu s lng xung theo thi gian v do cc kt qu o c c th khng phi l kt qu i din cho mu ban u. 5.2.2.6 S dng ch o tnh (STATIC) Note: kim tra m bo m-un knh lc bc sng ph hp c t vo my trc khi bt u vic o c (xem phn 10) Trong ch static th van m, cell c chy y mu, dng mu chy lin tc theo thi gian c chn cho fill time v sau van s ng li. My o c s thc hin o mu trong thi gian ci t cho measurement time. Kt qu c cui cng c gi li trn mn hnh v kt qu o ny s c truyn n my in bn trong my (hay qua ng RS232 n my in ngoi hoc my tnh ngoi nu c kt ni) Note: o trong ch FLOW c th thc hin vi Signal Averaging hoc Ratio tt/m. Signal Averaging hoc Ratio thng c s dng cho hu ht cc mu v hai ch o ny phi c chn tt hay m trc khi vo ch FLOW.

1. Chn ci t mong mun cho ch Signal Averaging ON hoc OFF v ch Ratio ON hoc OFF

2. Chn my in v khong thi gian in kt qu (xem phn 6.3)

3. Nhn phm FLOW. n tn hiu Flow sng v mn hnh chuyn n STAT? (nu l o tnh) hoc DYN? (nu l o ng)

4. Dng phm mi tn ln xung chn STAT, sau nhn ENTER

5. Ci t fill time. Mn hnh s hin ra l MM-SS FIL (hay fill time c ci t trc ). Nhn ENTER xc nhn ci t c nu khng cn thay i. Hoc, dng phm mi tn hng phi chn k t cn iu chnh, sau s dng phm mi tn ln xung iu chnh con s cho fill time. Nhn ENTER xc nhn thi gian ci t mi.

6. Ci t measurement time. Mn hnh hin th MM-SS MEA (hay measurement time c ci t trc ). Nhn ENTER xc nhn ci t c nu khng cn thay i. Hoc, dng phm mi tn hng phi chn k t cn iu chnh, sau s dng phm mi tn ln xung iu chnh con s cho measurement time. Nhn ENTER xc nhn thi gian ci t mi. Sau khi nhn ENTER, van m ra v my thc hin o mu theo thi gian va mi ci t.

7. Kt qu o c ghi li trn mn hnh v c truyn n my in ca my (hay qua ng RS232 n my in ngoi hoc my tnh ngoi nu c kt ni) lc kt thc measurement time. n tn hiu FLOW s nhp nhy.


Note: kt qu o cn hin trn mn hnh n khi phm FLOW c nhn thot ra hoc phm ENTER c nhn lp li chu k o ci t (fill time khng thc hin li).

8. Nhn ENTER lp li php o m khng phi ch fill time. My s o li mu. Van vn m trong thi gian o li ny. Kt qu o c hin th trn mn hnh v c truyn n my in hoc my tnh c kch hot.

9. Nhn FLOW thot khi ch FLOW. n tn hiu Flow s tt v my tr li ch o bnh thng.

10. thi kh vo h thng Flow-Cell, nhn gi cng tc iu khin van trn Flow Valve Module v tr m tm thi cho n khi h thng thot mu.

Note: trong khong thi gian ngn m Flow-Cell khng s dng, ra sch h thng vi nc chng ct hoc nc kh ion v nc y. Nu h thng khng c dng trong mt thi gian di th tho cc b phn ra v ra sch tht k trc khi s dng li. 5.2.2.7 S dng ch o ng (DYNAMIC)

Note: kim tra m bo m-un knh lc bc sng ph hp c t vo my trc khi bt u vic o c. Trong ch dynamic th van m, cell c chy y mu, dng mu chy lin tc theo thi gian c chn cho fill time v sau van vn m v dng mu tip tc chy theo thi gian ci t cho measurement time. My o c s thc hin o mu trong thi gian dng mu chy lin tc. Cui thi gian o, van ng li v kt qu c cui cng c gi li trn mn hnh. Kt qu o ny s c truyn n my in bn trong my (hay qua ng RS232 n my in ngoi hoc my tnh ngoi nu c kt ni) Note: o trong ch FLOW c th thc hin vi Signal Averaging hoc Ratio tt/m. Signal Averaging hoc Ratio thng c s dng cho hu ht cc mu v hai ch o ny phi c chn tt hay m trc khi vo ch FLOW.

1. Chn ci t mong mun cho ch Signal Averaging ON hoc OFF v ch Ratio ON hoc OFF

2. Chn my in v khong thi gian in kt qu theo mun

Note: ci t my in in nh k khi s dng vi ch Dynamic ghi li cc gi tr o b ngt qung. V d, khong cch in c th c ci in sau mi 30 giy trong qu trnh o.

3. Nhn phm FLOW. n tn hiu Flow sng v mn hnh chuyn n STAT? (nu l o tnh) hoc DYN? (nu l o ng)

4. Dng phm mi tn ln xung chn DYN, sau nhn ENTER

5. Ci t fill time. Mn hnh s hin ra l MM-SS FIL (hay fill time c ci t trc ). Nhn ENTER xc nhn ci t c nu khng cn thay i. Hoc, dng phm mi tn hng phi chn k t cn iu chnh, sau s dng phm mi tn ln xung iu chnh con s cho fill time. Nhn ENTER xc nhn thi gian ci t mi.


6. Ci t measurement time. Mn hnh hin th MM-SS MEA. Nhn ENTER xc nhn ci t c nu khng cn thay i. Hoc, dng phm mi tn hng phi chn k t cn iu chnh, sau s dng phm mi tn ln xung iu chnh con s cho measurement time. Nhn ENTER xc nhn thi gian ci t mi. Sau khi nhn ENTER, van m ra v my thc hin o mu theo thi gian va mi ci t cho fill time v measurement time.

7. Kt qu o c ghi li trn mn hnh v c truyn n my in ca my (hay qua ng RS232 n my in ngoi hoc my tnh ngoi nu c kt ni) lc kt thc measurement time. n tn hiu FLOW s nhp nhy.

Note: kt qu o cn hin trn mn hnh n khi phm FLOW c nhn thot ra hoc phm ENTER c nhn lp li chu k o ci t (fill time k

hach 2100an

Documents