Habitat

• Type of environment in which a population or species regularly lives–WHERE it lives• Monkey – tropical rain forest• Frog – pond• Palm tree – tropical beach

Habitat

Habitat

Habitat

Niche

• The role of an organism in the ecosystem– What it does• Spider –makes webs and eats insects• Oak tree – form part of the forest and produce acorns• Humpback whale – eat plankton and krill

Niche

Niche

Niche

Niche

• Competition– If two species try to share the same niche in the

same habitat, they will compete for resources

Niche

• Competitive exclusion– The extinction of a population due to direct

competition with another species for a resource

Niche

• Realized niche– The actual role that the organism filling

• Fundamental niche– Any of the roles that an organism can fill

Niche

• Niche Diversity– The number of different niches in an ecosystem– Depends on type of biome

Niche

• Predator– An organism that actively hunts other organisms

• Keystone Predator– A predator that promotes a great niche diversity in

its habitat• Prey– The organism that is hunted

The sea otter Enhydra lutris can be considered a keystone predator because its voracious feeding on herbivorous sea urchins allows kelps to flourish along the rocky coast, along with an entire ecosystem associated with these large marine plants.

Evolution

Convergent Evolution

converged

Convergent Evolution

Convergent Evolution

Divergent Evolution

Journal

Coevolution

Coevolution

Coevolution

Speciation

Competitive Exclusion

Fundamental vs. realized niche

Chthalamus barnacles can live in both deep and shallow intertidal zones (its fundamental niche).

Competition from Balanus forces Chthalamus to occupy a smaller realized niche on higher, drier habitat.

Adaptations

Adaptations

Survival of the fittest

Natural Selection