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HaagenHaagen--Smit Smit SymposiumSymposiumShips, Trains, and the Future of Goods TransportShips, Trains, and the Future of Goods Transport

18-21 April 200518-21 April 2005Aptos, CaliforniaAptos, California

Session 6 - Policy Levers for ReducingSession 6 - Policy Levers for ReducingEmissions from Goods TransportEmissions from Goods Transport

Bruce Anderson, PrincipalBruce Anderson, Principal

2005 2005 HaagenHaagen--Smit Smit SymposiumSymposium

OverviewOverview

What Policy Levers AreWhat Policy Levers ArePorts Facing thatPorts Facing thatTrigger Air QualityTrigger Air QualityIssues?Issues?

Overview Look at HowOverview Look at HowSome Ports areSome Ports areRespondingResponding


OverviewOverview

What Starts in California Typically Moves East &What Starts in California Typically Moves East &NorthNorth


Policy LeversPolicy LeversTypical Policy Levers that Raise Air Quality Issues thatTypical Policy Levers that Raise Air Quality Issues that

Ports have to Address Ports have to Address (Cont’d)(Cont’d)Located in CaliforniaLocated in California

State Implementation PlansState Implementation PlansFuture GrowthFuture GrowthProposed RulesProposed Rules

Diesel Particulate as an Air ToxicDiesel Particulate as an Air ToxicNew Projects Going Through EnvironmentalNew Projects Going Through EnvironmentalImpact ReviewsImpact ReviewsRisk AssessmentsRisk AssessmentsCommunity ConcernsCommunity ConcernsLaw SuitsLaw SuitsGeneral Conformity for Federal Expansion ProjectsGeneral Conformity for Federal Expansion Projects


Policy LeversPolicy LeversState Implementation Plans – NOx (Early 1990’s)State Implementation Plans – NOx (Early 1990’s)Diesel Exhaust as Toxic – DPM (Late 1990’s)Diesel Exhaust as Toxic – DPM (Late 1990’s)MATES2 Diesel Health Risk Assessment Study Results - DPMMATES2 Diesel Health Risk Assessment Study Results - DPMRising Community Concerns - DPMRising Community Concerns - DPM

Port StrategiesPort StrategiesStarted Working on Issues in Early 1990’s as Part of SIPStarted Working on Issues in Early 1990’s as Part of SIPConsultative Process & Through MATES2Consultative Process & Through MATES2Air Quality Improvement Program (Formalized in 2003)Air Quality Improvement Program (Formalized in 2003)

Alternative Fuels, Clean Diesel, & RetrofitsAlternative Fuels, Clean Diesel, & Retrofits$2M POLB/ARB Cargo Handling Equipment$2M POLB/ARB Cargo Handling Equipment

Alt-Fuel & Retrofits Alt-Fuel & RetrofitsPilot Projects Demonstrating New TechnologiesPilot Projects Demonstrating New Technologies


Port Strategies Port Strategies (Cont’d)(Cont’d)Air Quality Improvement Program (Formalized in 2003)Air Quality Improvement Program (Formalized in 2003)

Operational ImprovementsOperational ImprovementsCompleted 2002 Baseline Emissions InventoryCompleted 2002 Baseline Emissions InventoryPerformed Traffic Studies to Evaluate ReducingPerformed Traffic Studies to Evaluate ReducingFuture Traffic IssuesFuture Traffic IssuesEvaluated Emission Metrics & ForecastingEvaluated Emission Metrics & ForecastingAttempted Tariff Approach Which is Non-PrescriptiveAttempted Tariff Approach Which is Non-Prescriptive(Port Does Not Have Authority to Implement)(Port Does Not Have Authority to Implement)Increase On-Dock RailIncrease On-Dock Rail

Vessel EmissionsVessel EmissionsCompleted a Cold-Ironing EvaluationCompleted a Cold-Ironing EvaluationSigned Agreement w/BP for Shore-SideSigned Agreement w/BP for Shore-SidePower for TankersPower for Tankers2004 Board Resolution Calling for SECA2004 Board Resolution Calling for SECA


Policy LeversPolicy LeversState Implementation Plans - NOx (1998)State Implementation Plans - NOx (1998)General Conformity – New Container Terminal (NOx)General Conformity – New Container Terminal (NOx)

Port StrategiesPort StrategiesEngaged the 2000 SIP Development ProcessEngaged the 2000 SIP Development Process

Formed Broad-Based Maritime Air Quality WorkingFormed Broad-Based Maritime Air Quality WorkingGroupGroupCompleted 1997 Activity-Based Baseline HGACompleted 1997 Activity-Based Baseline HGAMarine InventoryMarine InventoryCompleted 2001 Update to Marine InventoryCompleted 2001 Update to Marine InventoryDeveloped Control MeasuresDeveloped Control MeasuresEvaluated & Demonstrated New TechnologiesEvaluated & Demonstrated New TechnologiesHelp Develop & Participated in Texas EmissionHelp Develop & Participated in Texas EmissionReduction Program (TERP)Reduction Program (TERP)Strong Participation in Local & State EmissionStrong Participation in Local & State EmissionReduction EffortsReduction EffortsTenant Training & EducationTenant Training & Education


Port Strategies Port Strategies (Cont’d)(Cont’d)Bayport ExpansionBayport Expansion

General Conformity Requirements MetGeneral Conformity Requirements MetIntroduced Air Quality Requirements in ConstructionIntroduced Air Quality Requirements in ConstructionContractsContractsEMS Commitment for New Terminal & EquipmentEMS Commitment for New Terminal & EquipmentRequirementsRequirementsEquipment StandardsEquipment Standards

11stst ISO14001 EMS Facilities ISO14001 EMS FacilitiesPHA Turning Basin & Barbours Cut CertifiedPHA Turning Basin & Barbours Cut Certified

Expanding EMS to Other TerminalsExpanding EMS to Other TerminalsFugitive Dust (PM) Study & Mitigation ProjectsFugitive Dust (PM) Study & Mitigation ProjectsGreen House GasesGreen House Gases

Completed 2004 MarineCompleted 2004 MarineGHG InventoryGHG Inventory


Policy LeversPolicy LeversGeneral Conformity – 50’ Harbor Deepening Project (2001)General Conformity – 50’ Harbor Deepening Project (2001)State Implementation Plan (NOx & PM)State Implementation Plan (NOx & PM)

Port StrategyPort Strategy50’ Harbor Deepening Project – Largest General Conformity50’ Harbor Deepening Project – Largest General ConformityProjectProject

Formed Collaborative Working Group w/USACE, EPA R2,Formed Collaborative Working Group w/USACE, EPA R2,NYSDEC, NJDEP, & NYCDOT – Know as the RegionalNYSDEC, NJDEP, & NYCDOT – Know as the RegionalAir Team (RAT)Air Team (RAT)11stst Conditional Statement of Conformity Conditional Statement of ConformityDiesel Emission Reduction Findings StudyDiesel Emission Reduction Findings StudyCompleted 2000 NYNJLINACMVEI (Activity-BasedCompleted 2000 NYNJLINACMVEI (Activity-BasedMarine Baseline Inventory) & 2000 NYNJLINACHEEI (A-BMarine Baseline Inventory) & 2000 NYNJLINACHEEI (A-BBaseline)Baseline)Working w/NYCDOT to Install Working w/NYCDOT to Install SCRs SCRs on the Staten Islandon the Staten IslandFerry FleetFerry FleetRepower of TugboatsRepower of TugboatsWorking w/USACE & NYCDOT on Offset StrategiesWorking w/USACE & NYCDOT on Offset StrategiesContinued Support & Participation of RATContinued Support & Participation of RAT


Port Strategy Port Strategy (Cont’d)(Cont’d)Port Inland Distribution Network Study & ImplementationPort Inland Distribution Network Study & Implementation

Container Barge Service from New Jersey to AlbanyContainer Barge Service from New Jersey to AlbanyUpdated Completed 2004 Update to the CHE EIUpdated Completed 2004 Update to the CHE EIEducation Outreach to Tenants & FerriesEducation Outreach to Tenants & FerriesGreen Ports InitiativesGreen Ports InitiativesWorld Trade Center RebuildWorld Trade Center Rebuild


Policy LeversPolicy LeversMaintain AttainmentMaintain AttainmentStatusStatusConcern Over GreenConcern Over GreenHouse GasesHouse Gases“Green” Culture“Green” Culture

Port StrategyPort StrategyStarted Working on Air Quality Issues in Late 2003Started Working on Air Quality Issues in Late 2003Formed a Broad-Based Maritime Air Quality WorkingFormed a Broad-Based Maritime Air Quality WorkingGroup Including Port of Tacoma, Port of Everett,Group Including Port of Tacoma, Port of Everett,Local/State/Federal Regulators, Washington StateLocal/State/Federal Regulators, Washington StateFerries, PMSA, WSPA, American Lung Association, etc.Ferries, PMSA, WSPA, American Lung Association, etc.

Developing a Comprehensive Emissions InventoryDeveloping a Comprehensive Emissions InventoryProject for Entire Puget SoundProject for Entire Puget SoundInformation ExchangeInformation ExchangeJoint Application for Grants to Support InitiativesJoint Application for Grants to Support Initiatives


Port Strategy Port Strategy (Cont’d)(Cont’d)Reduction InitiativesReduction Initiatives

Princess Shore Power ProjectPrincess Shore Power ProjectCargo Handling Equipment Emission ReductionCargo Handling Equipment Emission ReductionProjectProjectPort of Seattle-Tacoma International AirportPort of Seattle-Tacoma International AirportAlternative Fuels ProgramAlternative Fuels ProgramMarina Marina Biodiesel Biodiesel B20B20ULSD for Port Diesel EquipmentULSD for Port Diesel EquipmentTerminal Efficiency Improvements (On-Dock Rail,Terminal Efficiency Improvements (On-Dock Rail,Gate Improvements, Grade Separations, MoreGate Improvements, Grade Separations, MoreEfficient Cranes, etc)Efficient Cranes, etc)

Involved in West Coast Diesel CollaborativeInvolved in West Coast Diesel CollaborativeInvolved in the EPA FACA ProcessInvolved in the EPA FACA ProcessGreen House GasesGreen House GasesCommission Passed Resolution In Support of a SECACommission Passed Resolution In Support of a SECA


Policy LeversPolicy LeversState Implementation Plans – NOx (Early 1990’s)State Implementation Plans – NOx (Early 1990’s)Diesel Exhaust as Toxic – DPM (Late 1990’s)Diesel Exhaust as Toxic – DPM (Late 1990’s)MATES2 Diesel Health Risk Assessment Study Results -MATES2 Diesel Health Risk Assessment Study Results -DPMDPMCommunity Concerns – DPMCommunity Concerns – DPMChina Shipping Law SuitChina Shipping Law SuitMayor’s No Net Increase PolicyMayor’s No Net Increase Policy

Port StrategiesPort StrategiesStarted Working on Issues in Early 1990’s as Part of SIPStarted Working on Issues in Early 1990’s as Part of SIPConsultative Process & Through MATES2Consultative Process & Through MATES2Tugboat Repower Projects & Carl Moyer ProgramTugboat Repower Projects & Carl Moyer ProgramCargo Handling Equipment Retrofit & EmulsionsCargo Handling Equipment Retrofit & EmulsionsPerformed Traffic Studies to Evaluate Reducing FuturePerformed Traffic Studies to Evaluate Reducing FutureTraffic IssuesTraffic IssuesAlternative Maritime Power (AMP)Alternative Maritime Power (AMP)


Port Strategies Port Strategies (Cont’d)(Cont’d)Alternative Fuel Cargo Handling EquipmentAlternative Fuel Cargo Handling EquipmentPort Community Advisory CommitteePort Community Advisory CommitteeCompleted 2001 Activity-Based Emissions InventoryCompleted 2001 Activity-Based Emissions Inventory$20 Million Approved by Board of Harbor Commissioners$20 Million Approved by Board of Harbor Commissionersfor Near Term Emission Reduction Programfor Near Term Emission Reduction ProgramEmissions Monitoring NetworkEmissions Monitoring NetworkExtensive Evaluation of Emission Reduction TechnologyExtensive Evaluation of Emission Reduction TechnologyVessel Speed Reduction ProgramVessel Speed Reduction Program


Port Strategies Port Strategies (Cont’d)(Cont’d)No Net Increase (NNI) Task ForceNo Net Increase (NNI) Task Force

Broad-Based Task Force – Ground Breaking EffortBroad-Based Task Force – Ground Breaking EffortTechnical Working Group – POLA, ARB,Technical Working Group – POLA, ARB,SCAQMD, PCAC ConsultantsSCAQMD, PCAC Consultants

oo Emission Reduction Strategy DevelopmentEmission Reduction Strategy Developmentoo Emissions ForecastingEmissions Forecastingoo Emission Reduction Strategy Control FactorsEmission Reduction Strategy Control Factors

Financial Working GroupFinancial Working Groupoo Control Strategy CostingControl Strategy Costingoo Health Impact EstimatesHealth Impact Estimates

Legal Working GroupLegal Working Groupoo Legal AuthoritiesLegal Authorities

Developed Over 60 Control MeasuresDeveloped Over 60 Control MeasuresPlan Still in DevelopmentPlan Still in Development


SummarySummaryPollutant Progression: NOxPollutant Progression: NOx PM & PM & GHGsGHGs

Several Ports are Proactively Working on Strategies toSeveral Ports are Proactively Working on Strategies toReduce Emissions from Related OperationsReduce Emissions from Related Operations

Ports Have Responded to Policy LeversPorts Have Responded to Policy Levers

Ports Communicate With Each Other on Successful &Ports Communicate With Each Other on Successful &Unsuccessful Emission Reduction StrategiesUnsuccessful Emission Reduction Strategies


Contact Information:Contact Information:Bruce Anderson, PrincipalBruce Anderson, PrincipalStarcrest Consulting Group, LLCStarcrest Consulting Group, LLC713.789.2213713.789.2213andersobandersob@@starcrestllcstarcrestllc.com.comPhotos: © Melissa SilvaPhotos: © Melissa Silva

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