guy berger: south africa contested media dispensations
TRANSCRIPT
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Guy Berger: South Africa ContestedMEDIA
dispensations
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Coming up …1. Paradigm of analysis? 2. Pre-history and Phase 1: IBA rules3. Phase 2: Jordaan – hands-off4. Phase 3: Naidoo – role of govt5. Phase 4: Matsepe-Casaburri – gtr
role of govt6. Contested:
1. Editorial policies2. Convergence bill3. Icasa
7. Conclusion
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From politics …
to MONEY BUT:still media freedom issues;
esp. at the regulatory
environment level
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Negotiated liberalisation
& mass participation
(Horwitz)
Paradigm?Liberal vs
Liberal pluralism
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It was not always so:
History
SA media wasCommercialised & controlled!
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SABC board.IBA.
(not the IMDT)
PHASE 1:HistoricCompromise =
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Pallo Jordan= IBA as
the key policy
PHASE 2:
player + parliament, not Govt
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PHASE 3:Jay Naidoo
Not the MDDABut Com
Radio
SubservientSATRA
Cutting IBA down to size
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Minister’spolicy-settingprerogativescontested:
=compromise- govt broaddirectives
Green paper, White paper
1999 Act
SABC: Corporatise;+ Charter;
Mixed model
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Later echoes:04: Relicensing:
SABC hammered as dodgerICASA slammed as lenient
06: SABC itself questions business model.
(Also 2 boards issue (2002))
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Fused regulator:
ICASAWhich model?
Naidoo’s last act:
=D u a l i s m
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PHASE 4:I M-Casaburri.
But parliament chooses a SABC board at variance with Minister
Board chooses Matlare as CEO
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2002:Whatever
happened to public servicebroadcasting?
Protests:Civil society!Pansalb!Parliament!ANC itself!Minister!= new board (04)= 2 new TVs (02)?= national interest? = Charter change?
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Editorial policies“Minister to approve!”
OBJECTIONS:(incl by SABC, Icasa)
So Parliament→ law: Board to approve;
Public consultation required
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Colloquium (only) in 03.No green or white paper.But new issue needs new
policy !
Minister’s policy powers:“must” consult or “may”
consult?Final answer: power only on
infrastructure licences.
Convergence Bill
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After 2 years:with “policy”
intruding law-making =
legacy dualism in EC Act
(mid-2006).
● “Broadcast” licence needed if you are a “unidirectional” content business. ● Monopoly power ● Interconnect
Contestation ahead!
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ISSUES: Minister’s role ● Powers to appoint
councillors ● Performance
management ● Funding in the ICASA
Amendment Act 06
NB: President’s role
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CONCLUSION
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What the tussles tell:
•Managed (reluctant) liberalisation•Govt tactics? Deliberate overbid?
= Serious control-freak urges?
OR•Conflating strategy & policy! = ? What/why manage/liberalise ? = contradictions & spaces
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So what paradigm?NOT a simple liberal view of resisting “Actonite” state,
Rather:= Liberal pluralism:
contestation space (incl for institutional interests)
and confusion!
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ENVIRONMENTallows for, and elicits,
elite responses & state differences. = NOT mass
participation, but NEITHER a dead
democracy
in sum:
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Thank you