Gujranwala DivisionFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Gujranwala Division, once a district of Lahore Division, is an administrative division of the Punjab Province of Pakistan. The division, headquartered at the city of Gujranwala, covers an area of 17,206 km2, the population according to the 1981 census was 7,522,352 this had risen by almost four 4 million to 11,431,058 according to the 1998 census.[1]

It is administratively subdivided into the following districts.

Gujranwala District Gujrat District Sialkot District Hafizabad District Mandi Bahauddin District Narowal District

Gujranwala District

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Gujranwala DistrictGujraan wala

District

Gujranwala

Map of Punjab with Gujranwala District highlighted

Country Pakistan

Province Punjab

Capital Gujranwala

Government

• Commissioner Gujranwala Division Abdul Jabbar Shaheen

• District Coordination Officer Najam Ahmad Shah

Area

• Total 5,988 km2(2,312 sq mi)

Population (2010)

• Total 4,910,600

Time zone PST (UTC+5)

Number of Tehsils 5

Gujranwala District (Urdu:  ن�والا گوجرا ض لع ), is a district in Punjab, Pakistan.

Contents

  [hide] 

1   History 2   Language 3   Demography 4   Government 5   Transport links 6   References

History

The village of Asarur which has been identified as the location of Taki, an ancient town, visited by the Chinese pilgrim Hiuen Tsiangcontains immense ruins of Buddhist origin. After the time of Tsiang little is known about Gujranwala til the Islamic conquests (Tehami), by this time however Taki had fallen into oblivion while Lahore had become the chief city of Punjab. The district flourished during Mughal rule, from the days of Akbar to those of Aurangzeb, wells were scattered over the whole country, and villages lay thickly dotted about the southern plateau, now a barren waste of grass land and scrub jungle. Their remains may still be found in the wildest and most solitary reaches of the Bar.[1] The Punjab region became predominantly Muslim due to missionary Sufi saints whose dargahs dot the landscape ofPunjab region.

Eminabad and Hafizabad were the chief towns (the later now part of a separate district), while the country was divided into six well-tilledparganas. But before the close of the Islamic period the tract was mysteriously depopulated. The tribes at present occupying the District are all immigrants of recent date, and before their advent the whole region seems for a time to have been almost entirely abandoned. The only plausible conjecture to account for this sudden and disastrous change is that it resulted from the constant wars by which the Punjab was convulsed during the last years of Tehami rule. [1] After the decline of the Mughal Empire, the Sikh invaded and occupied Gujranwala and neighboring districts. The Muslims faced severe restrictions during the Sikh rule.

During the rise of Sikhs, the agricultural lands of Gujranwala were seized from Muslims by the military Sikh adventurers who then sprang up. Charat Singh, the grandfather of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, occupied the village of Gujranwala, then an inconsiderable hamlet, and made it the headquarters of himself and of his son and grandson. Minor Sikh chieftains occupied and settled at Wazirabad, Sheikhupura, and other towns; while

in Ahmed Naeem Tehami the western portion of the district the Muslim Rajput Bhattis and Chathas maintained a sturdy independence. In the end, however, succeeded in bringing all the scattered portions of the District under his own power. [1]

In 1847 the District came under British occupation and two years later, in 1849, it was included in the territory annexed after the second Sikh War. A cantonment was established at Wazirabad, which was abolished in 1855. The District formed a part originally of the extensive District of Wazirabad, which comprised the whole upper portion of the Rechna Doab.[2]

In 1852 this unwieldy territory was divided between Gujranwala and Sialkot District. The District, as then constituted, stretched across the entire plateau, from the Chenab to the Ravi ; but in 1853 the south-eastern fringe, consisting of 303 villages, was transferred to Lahore District, and three years later a second batch of 324 villages was handed over to the same District. There was no outbreak during the Indian Rebellion of 1857 and the Hindus and Sikh rallied to the side of Government with the greatest enthusiasm while Muslims rallied for the Mughals.[2]

According to the 1901 census the District had a population of 890,577 and contained 8 towns and 1,331 villages. Its population according to the 1881 census was 616,892 rising to 690,169 in 1891. The population increased by 29 per cent between 1891 and 1901 - the increase being greatest in the Hafizabad and Khangah Dogran tahsils, owing to the extension of canal-irrigation and the colonisation of the Bar. [2]

At the time the district was divided into four tehsils namely: Gujranwala, Wazirabad, Hafizabad and Khangah Dogran (the headquarters of each being at the place from which it is named).[2]

The chief towns during British rule were the municipalities of Gujranwala, the head-quarters of the District, Wazirabad, Ramnagar, Akalgarh, Eminabad, Kila Didar Singh, and the notified area of Sodhra.[2]

During the British era the district of Gujranwala was part of Lahore Division.[3] The chairman of Gujranwala is Ahmed Naeem Tehami.

The predominantly Muslim population supported Muslim League and Pakistan Movement. After the independence of Pakistan in 1947, the minority Hindus and Sikhs migrated to Indiawhile the Muslim refugees from India settled in the Mandi Gujranwala District.

Language

For more information, see Punjabi dialects.

As per the 1998 census of Pakistan, Punjabi language is spoken by 95%. District Head quarter being fourth biggest and in centre of Punjab province has great variety of Punjabi dialectsspoken by different district's people living in the city.

Majhi or Standard (Majority) Pothohari (Rawalpindi and Jehlum's Districts people) Pahari (Tehsil Muree, Kotli sattian & AJK's people) Dhani (Chakwal district's people) Shah puri (Sargodha division's people) Jhangochi (Khanewal and Jhang District's people) Jangli/Rachnavi (Sahiwal Distrct's people) Chenavari(Tehsil Athara Tehsil Jhang's people) Thalochi (Bhakkar,Layyah and Muzzaffargarh District's people) Hindko (Hazara Division's people) Chhachi (Attock Tehsil's people) Jandali (Jand Tehsil and Mianwali district's people) Multani/Saraiki (Multan and Lodhran districts people) Derawali (Rajanpur,Dera Ghazi Khan districts people) Riasti (Bahawalpur Lodhran and Rahim Yar Khan districts people) Ghebi (Pindi Gheb Tehsil's people) Dogri/Darhab (Jammu and Narowal district's people)

Other Languages include:

Urdu being national language is spoken and understood. English is also understood and spoken by the sizable educated people.Demography[edit source | editbeta]

According to the 1998 census of Pakistan the population of district was 3,400,940 of which 50.17% were urban. It is thus the third-most advanced district in Punjab, [4] the population now stands at 4,308,905.[5]

Government

The district was composed of 4 tehsils:

Gujranwala Kamoke Tehsil Nowshera Virkan Wazirabad Tehsil

Now according to new local government ordinance, Gujranwala is a City District consisting of the following towns. 1. Khiali Shahpure Town 2. Aroop Town 3. Nandipure Town 4. Qila Didar Singh Town 5. Wazirabad Town 6. Kamonki Town 7. Nowshehra Virkan Town

Transport links

The district has metalled road-length of 1413 Kilometres and is linked with Sialkot, Gujrat, Sheikhupura, Narowal, Hafizabad and Mandi Bahauddin districts through metalled roads.

The main Peshawar-Karachi railway line passes through Gujranwala district. The district is linked with Sialkot, Hafizabad and Gujrat districts through railway network.[6]

Gujrat District

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Gujrat punjab pakistangujrat

District

Education.

Gujrat is located in the north of Punjab

Country Pakistan

Province Punjab

Capital Gujrat

Area

• Total 3,192 km2 (1,232 sq mi)

Population (2011)

• Total 2,948,008

• Density 642/km2 (1,660/sq mi)

Time zone PST (UTC+5)

Number of Tehsils 3

Gujrat (Urdu:  گجرات ض لع ), is a district of Punjab Province in Pakistan. It is an ancient district located in between two famous rivers, theJhelum and Chenab. Because of its proximity with the rivers the land is good for cultivation with rice and sugar cane as main crops. It is bounded on the northeast by Mirpur, on the northwest by the River Jhelum which separates it from Jhelum District, on the east and southeast by the Chenab River, separating it from the districts of Gujranwala and Sialkot, and on the West by Mandi

Bahauddin. District Gujrat is spread over an area of 3,192 square kilometres, and is divided into three tehsils, Gujrat, Kharian, and Sarai Alamgir. There are many historic villages and towns in the district such as Chakdina, Karnana, Kunjah and Lalamusa.

Contents

1   History o 1.1   Ancient history o 1.2   Lodhi-Mughal era o 1.3   Sikh era o 1.4   British era o 1.5   Independence

2   Language and demography 3   Climate and ecology 4   Administration 5   Education 6   References 7   External links

History

Ancient history

According to the Imperial Gazetteer of India:

“ Gujrat town itself is a place of some antiquity, and the district bounds in ancient sites.The district formed part of the kingdom of Porus, who was defeated by Alexander, probably in the Karri plain beyond the Jammu border, in July, 326 B.C. ; but four years later was conquered by Chandragupta Maurya in the national rising which took place on the death of Alexander. It remained under the Mauryas until shortly after the death of Asoka in 231, and about forty years later came under the sway of Demetrius the Graeco-Bactrian. The overthrow of the Bactrians by the Parthians in the latter half of the second century brought another change of rulers, and the coins of the Indo-Parthian Maues (c. 120 B. c.), who is known to local tradition as Raja Moga, have been found at Mong. At the end of the first century A. D., ie whole of the Punjab was conquered by the Yueh-chi. For several hundred years nothing is known of the history of the District, except that between 455 and 540 it must have been exposed to the ravages of the White Huns. Dr. Stein holds that the District formed part of the

”

kingdom of Gurjara, which, according to the Rajatarangini, was

invaded between 883 and 902 by Sankara Varman of Kashmir, who defeated its king Alakhana. This may be the Ali Khan to whom tradition ascribed the refounding of GUJRAT.[1]

However the foundation of the capital, Gujrat, according to the Ancient Geography of India:

“ is ascribed to a king named Bachan Pal of whom nothing more is known ; and its restoration is attributed to Ali Khan a Gujar, whose name is strangely like that of Alakhana, the Raja of Gurjara, who was defeated by Sangkara Varmma between AD 883 AD 901.[2] ”

Lodhi-Mughal era

The Punjab region became predominantly Muslim due to missionary Sufi saints whose dargahs dot the landscape of Punjab region. Authentic history commences only in the Lodi period, when Bahlolpur, 23 miles (37 km) north-east of Gujrat, was founded in the reign of Bahlol (1451–89). Khwas Khan, governor of the Rohtas under Sher Shah Suri, founded Khwaspur near Gujrat. The settlement of the tract was completed by Akbar[citation needed], who built a fort and compelled the Gujars to settle in it. The tract was then named Gujrat and formed into a separate district. Revenue records have been preserved in the families of the hereditary registrars (kanungos), and these exhibit Gujrat the capital of a district containing 2,592 villages, paying a revenue of 11.6 million. In 1605 the famous Saiyid Abdul Kasim received Gujrat as a tuyul or fief from Akbar. On the decay of the Mughal power, Nadir Shah occupied the Gujrat district. The country also suffered at the same time from invasion of Ahmad Shah Durrani, whose armies frequently crossed and recrossed it.[1] After the decline of the Mughal Empire, theSikh invaded and occupied Gujrat. The Muslims faced severe restrictions during the Sikh rule.

Sikh era

After the decline of the Mughal Empire, the Sikh invaded and occupied Gujrat District. In 1765 Sardar Gujar Singh Bhangi, one of the head of the Bhangi Sikh confederacy, crossed the river Chenab, defeated the Muslim Gakhar chief, Mukarrab Khan,Sardar Gujar Singh Brought Gujrat District under Sikh rule for 81 years.

British era

In 1846 Gujrat came under the supervision of British officials, when a settlement of land revenue was effected under order from the provisional government at Lahore. Two years later, the District was the scene of some of the battles which decided the even of the second Sikh War. While the siege of Multan still dragged slowly on, Sher Singh established himself at Ramnagar on the Gujrawala side of the Chenab, 22 miles (35 km) below Gujrat, leaving the main body of his army on the northern bank. Here he awaited the attack of the British, who attempted unsuccessfully to drive him across the river, on November 22, 1848. Lord Gough withdrew from the assault with heavy loss ; but sending round a strong detachment under Sir Joseph Thackwell by the Wazirabad ferry, he turned the flank of the enemy, and won the battle of Sadullapur. Sher Singh retired northward, and took up a strong position between the Jhelum and the Pabb Hills. The bloody battle of Chilianwala followed (January 13, 1849) a victory as costly as a defeat. On February 6 Sher Singh again eluded Lord Gough's vigilance, and marched southwards to make a dash upon Lahore; but the British pressed him close in the rear and, on February 22, he turned to offer battle at Gujrat. The decisive engagement which ensued broke irretrievably the power of the Sikh. The Punjab lay at the feet of the conquerors, and passed by annexation under British rule.[1]

Independence

The predominantly Muslim population supported Muslim League and Pakistan Movement. After the independence of Pakistan in 1947, the minority Hindus and Sikhs migrated to Indiawhile the Muslim refugees from India settled in the Gujrat district. Most of the refugees have since settled and inter-married into the local population. Ever since, Sialkot has become one of the major industrial centres of Pakistan and is well known for its manufacture and export of surgical instruments, musical instruments, sports goods, leather goods, textile products and other light manufactures.. Since independence Gujrat has became one of the major industrial and commercial centres of Pakistan. There are over 5,000 cottage-level and small- to large-scale industrial units operating in the district. Rice production and export is another major product of Gujrat. There are many other factories engaged in manufacturing of electrical goods, electric motors and rice cleaning mills. Most are cottage industries, providing employment to a large number of people and accounting, in aggregate, for more than 90 percent of the domestic market.

Language and demography

For more information, see Punjabi dialects.

As per the 1998 census of Pakistan, Punjabi language is spoken by 95%. Punjabi dialects spoken in the district are

Majhi or Standard (Majority) Potohari (Few people near jehlum district) Shah puri dialect (Few people speak this dialect)

Other Languages include:

Urdu being national language is spoken and understood. English is also understood and spoken by the sizable educated people.

According to the 1998 census of Pakistan the total population of Gujrat district was 2,048,008 of which 1,026,000 are males and 1,022,000 are females, with a population density of 642 persons per square kilometre. Over 25.62% of the population was recorded as being urban.[3]

Climate and ecology[edit source | editbeta]

Map showing location of Gujrat District (highlighted in green) in relation to neighbouring districts of Punjab Pakistan and the Kashmir region.

This district has moderate climate, which is hot in summer and cold in winter. During peak summer, the day temperature shoots up to 50 °C, but the hot spells are comparatively shorter due to proximity of Azad Kashmir Mountains. The winter months are very pleasant and the minimum temperature may fall below 2 °C. The average rainfall on the Kashmir border is over 1000 mm, at Kharian it is 750 mm, at Gujrat 670 mm, and at Dinga 500 mm.

Administration

The district is administratively subdivided into three tehsils, these are:[4]

1. Gujrat2. Kharian3. Sarai Alamgir

Education

A university UOG was established in 2003, just near the Govt College for Girls. The main campus of the University is called Hafiz Hayat Campus. Hafiz Hayat is an ancient legend for the Gujrat city. At the same time there are two more Govt Colleges in the city but to complete the lack of hunger for knowledge there are so many private colleges. These colleges cover some special subjects for each. As the population of the city was increasing day by day so there was great need for Elementary, Middle and High Schools too. As the Govt had not a lot of resources to cover this whole need, so private schools started to born. But having Govt and Private institutions in the same city doesn't mean that the standard of education is low. But a competition can be seen between them which encourages the students as well as the teachers to go beyond the limits of theoretical studies. So students can learn more not just by understanding the material but also by practicing it.

Sialkot District

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

ضلع سيالكوٹ

District

Sialkot District

Map of Punjab with Sialkot District highlighted

Country Pakistan

Province Punjab

Capital Sialkot

Government

• District Coordination Officer

Zahid Saleem Gondal

• District Police Officer Afzaal Ahmed Kausar

Area

• Total 3,016 km2(1,164 sq mi)

Population (2011)

• Total 4,200,000

• Density 903/km2(2,340/sq mi)

Time zone PST (UTC+5)

Number of Tehsils 4

Website www.sialkot.gov.pk

Sialkot District (Urdu:  سيالكوٹ ض لع ), is one of the districts of the Punjab province of Pakistan. It is located in the north-east of the province. The city of Sialkot is the capital of the district. Sialkot is a peaceful city and 3rd richest city of Pakistan. In sialkot cantonment was established in 1852.

Contents

  [hide] 

1   Administration 2   Language 3   History 4   Geography 5   Climate and soil 6   Infrastructure 7   Agriculture 8   Livestock 9   Industry 10   Notable people of Sialkot 11   References

Administration[edit source | editbeta]

The district is administratively divided into the following four tehsils (subdivisions), which contain a total of 122 Union Councils:[1] [2] [3]

Tehsil No. of Unions

Daska 42

Pasrur 28

Sambrial

Sialkot 52

Total 122

Language

For more information, see Punjabi dialects.

As per the 1998 census of Pakistan, Punjabi language is spoken by 95%. Punjabi dialects spoken in the district are

Majhi or Standard (Majority) Dogri/Darhab (Jammu and Narowal district's people)

Other Languages include:

Urdu being national language is spoken and understood. English is also understood and spoken by the sizable educated people.History

Sialkot District was agricultural region with forests during the Indus Valley Civilization. The Vedic period is characterized by Indo-Aryan culture that invaded from Central Asia and settled inPunjab region. The Kambojas, Daradas, Kaikayas, Madras, Pauravas, Yaudheyas, Malavas and Kurus invaded, settled and ruled ancient Punjab region. After overunning the Achaemenid Empire in 331 BCE, Alexander marched into present-day Punjab region with an army of 50,000. The Sialkot was ruled by Maurya Empire, Indo-Greek kingdom, Kushan Empire, Gupta Empire, White Huns, Kushano-Hephthalites and Shahi kingdoms.

In 997 CE, Sultan Mahmud Ghaznavi, took over the Ghaznavid dynasty empire established by his father, Sultan Sebuktegin, In 1005 he conquered the Shahis in Kabul in 1005, and followed it by the conquests of Punjab region. The Delhi Sultanate and later Mughal Empire ruled the region. The Punjab region became predominantly Muslim due to missionary Sufisaints whose dargahs dot the landscape of Punjab region.

The legendary history of the District is connected with Raja Salivahan, the reputed founder of the town of Sialkot, and his famous son Rasalu. Pasrur is also an ancient

place. At an early date the District fell to the Rajas of Jammu, and under the Mughals formed the Rechna Doab sarkar of the Subah of Lahore. Under Shah Jahan the sarkar was entrusted to Ali Mardan Khan, the famous engineer, who dug a canal through it to bring water from the Chenab river to the imperial gardens in Lahore. On the decline of the Mughal empire Ranjit Singh Deo, a Rajput hill chief, extended his sway over the lowlands, owning a nominal allegiance to Delhi. In 1748 he transferred his allegiance to Ahmad Shah Durrani, who added Zafarwal and two other parganas to his fief. Before his death in 1773 Ranjit Deo had secured possession of the whole District, except the Sialkot town and its dependencies, which were held by a Pashtunfamily.[4]

After the decline of the Mughal Empire, the Sikh invaded and occupied XXXXX District. The Muslims faced severe restrictions during the Sikh rule. During the period of British rule, Sialkot district increased in population and importance.

During the Indian Rebellion of 1857 the station was denuded of British troops; and the Native regiments which were left behind rose, and, after sacking the jail, treasury, and courthouse, and massacring several of the European inhabitants, marched off towards Delhi, only to be destroyed by Nicholson at Trimmu Ghat. The rest of the Europeans took refuge in the fort, and on the morning after the departure of the rebels order was restored. The only events of interest in the subsequent history of the District are the plague riots which occurred at the villages ofShahzada and Sankhatra in 1901. Numerous mounds are scattered about the District, which mark the sites of ancient villages and towns. None of them, except that on which the Sialkot fort stood, has been excavated, but silver and copper utensils and coins have been dug up from time to time by villagers. Most of the coins are those of Indo-Bactrian kings. The excavations in Sialkot revealed the existence of some old baths, with hot-water pipes of solid masonry. The fort itself, of which very little now remains, is not more than 1,ooo years old, and is said to have been rebuilt by Shahab-ud-din Ghori at the end of the twelfth century. In 1859, Gurdaspur, Amritsar and Sialkot were placed in the new division of Sialkot. But in 1884, Gurdaspur along with Amritsar again became a part of the Lahore Division.

According to the 1901 census the district had a population of 1,083,909 and contained 7 towns and 2,348 villages. The population at previous three enumerations were: 1,004,695 (1868), 1,012,148 (1881) and 1,119,847 (1891). The population decreased between 1891-1901 by 3.2, the decrease being greatest in the

Raya tahsil and least in Daska. The Chenab Colonywas responsible for this fall in population, no less than 103,000 persons having left to take land in the newly irrigated tracts.

The predominantly Muslim population supported Muslim League and Pakistan Movement. After the independence of Pakistan in 1947, the minority Hindus and Sikhs migrated to Indiawhile the Muslim refugees from India settled in the Sialkot district. Most of the refugees have since settled and inter-married into the local population. Ever since, Sialkot has become one of the major industrial centres of Pakistan and is well known for its manufacture and export of surgical instruments, musical instruments, sports goods, leather goods, textile products and other light manufactures.

The district was subdivided into five tehsils namely: Sialkot, Pasrur, Zafarwal, Raya and Daska, the head-quarters of each being at the place from which it is named. The chief towns of the district were Sialkot, Daska, Jamki, Pasrur, Kila Sobha Singh, Zafarwal and Narowal.[5]

TehsilArea (sq mi)

Towns

VillagesPopulation (1901)

Population per sq mi

Population variation 1891-1901

Number of literate people

Sialkot 428 1 637 312,668 730.5 +3.2 12,101

Pasrur 394 2 443 193,746 491.7 -5.0 5,601

Raya 485 1 456 192,440 396.8 +10.4 5,586

Daska 360 2 332 206,148 572.6 -0.6 4,103

Total 1,991 7 2,348 1,083,909 544.4 -3.2 31,341

In 1930, the tehsils of Raya, Daska and Pasrur were split up and parts of these were amalgamated into Gujranwala District. In 1991, the tehsils of Narowal and Shakar

Garh (which wastehsil Shankar Garh of Gurdaspur district before partition) were split up and formed into the new Narowal District.

Geography

Sialkot District lies southeast of Gujrat District, southwest of Jammu district, while Narowal District is to the southeast and Gujranwala District is situated to the west. Sialkot district is spread over an area of 3,016 square kilometres. In tehsil sialkot there are some villages are belong to awan tribes, as Dhapai,kooby chak ets.

Climate and soil

Sialkot is hot and humid during the summer and cold during the winter. June and July are the hottest months. The maximum temperature during winter may drop to -2 °C. The land is generally plain and fertile. The average annual rain fall is about 1000 mm. Over 25.82% of the population of the district is urban.[6]

Infrastructure

The main crops grown in the district are wheat and rice, the main fruits are guava and citruses - vegetables cultivated include potatoes, turnips, garlic, cauliflower, peas, and onions. The district has 15,078 acres (61.02 km2) of forest, 12,295 km of metalled roads, 12 grid stations, 45 telephone exchanges and 3229 industrial units.

Agriculture

The major crops and fruit of district Sialkot are wheat, rice, citrus and guava. Their average annual production over the period 1998-2001 was 453, 242, 6 and 11 thousand Metric Tons, respectively. A variety of vegetables are also grown in the district.

There are 14 flour mills, 57 rice husking units, one sugar mill, one vegetable ghee unit and one fruit juice unit already working in the district. However, there exist good prospects for rice bran oil, rice husk briquettes, maize products, dal mills, etc.

There are number of major factories which are contributing to make the economy stronger.

Livestock

As per Punjab Development Statistics for the year 2000, the population of cattle, buffaloes, sheep and goats was 195, 471, 42 and 137 thousand heads respectively.

For poultry, there were 954 broiler, 134 layer and 9 breeding poultry farms, having a rearing capacity of 11150, 747 and 63 thousand birds respectively. The annual availability of hides and skins is estimated at 536 thousand pieces. In the district of Sialkot there are 92 tanneries, 244 leather garments/products manufacturing units, and more than 900 leather sports goods manufacturing units. There exists a scope for dairy farms, animal/poultry feed, and cattle/sheep/goat fattening farms.

Industry

District Sialkot is traditionally a centre of sports goods, surgical instruments, leather goods/garments, cutlery, musical instruments industries. There are also various types of plastic- and metal-based industries. In view of the existing industries, there exists a good scope for material testing laboratory, forging, electroplating unit, hospital furniture, disposable syringes, hospital gloves, steel furniture, cast iron pipe, steel pipes/tubes, galvanized iron pipe, industrial gloves, and special thread for sports goods industries.

Notable people of Sialkot

Allama Iqbal, poet and philosopher Muhammad Zafarullah Khan,Pakistan's first Foreign Minister and President of the

UN-General Assembly Syed Faiz-ul Hassan Shah, Islamic religious scholar Zaheer Abbas, Former Pakistani Batsman Shoaib Malik, Former captain of Pakistani cricket team Kuldip Nayar, Indian Journalist

Hafizabad District

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Hafizabad District

District

Map of Punjab with Hafizabad District highlighted

Country Pakistan

Province Punjab

Capital Hafizabad

Government

• District Coordination Officer Farah Masood

Area

• Total 2,367 km2(914 sq mi)

Population (2012)

• Total 1,200,000

Time zone PST (UTC+5)

Number of Tehsils 2

Hafizabad District (Urdu:  آ�باد حافظ ( ضلع is located in Punjab, Pakistan. Hafizabad was made a district in 1991; formerly, it was a tehsil ofGujranwala District. It is situated in central Punjab and is known for its rice industry on the agricultural side and Rice industry on the industrial side and have top 5 exporters of rice from Pakistan . Thapital

of the district, Hafizabad, was built by the Mughal emperor Akbar, known for strengthening administration of Punjab.

Hafizabad is known as "Sheraz-e-Hind" (Shiraz) since many poets and scholars of international repute were born in the area, including Arif Saharni and Hanif Saqi.

Contents

1   History 2   Geography 3   Climate 4   Industry 5   Demographics 6   Language 7   Education 8   References

History

In 327 BC, when Alexander the Great invaded modern Pakistan, the territory of the Sandal Bar (where Hafizabad is now located) was a populated area. Big cities were located in here, and a lot of sub-states were organized here in the presidency of native Maharajas and Rajas. The Punjab region became predominantly Muslim due to missionary Sufi saints whose dargahs dot the landscape of Punjab region. Hafizabad was formerly a place of some importance, and is mentioned in the Ain-i-Akbari as head-quarters of a mahal. Hafiz, the founder, was a favourite of emperor Akbar.  Hafizabad is an old city.

The area along the Chenab River was settled by HEIR MUSLIM JATT Tarar Muslim Jats & Chatha Muslim Jats. After the decline of theMughal Empire, the Sikh invaded and occupied Hafizabad District. The Muslims faced severe restrictions during the Sikh rule.

The predominantly Muslim population supported Muslim League and Pakistan Movement. After the independence of Pakistan in 1947, the minority Hindus and Sikhs migrated to India while the Muslim refugees from India settled in the Hafizabad District.

Before the formation of Pakistan in 1947, the two sub-castes of Hindus, namely, Kapurs and Chopras dominated the area. Kapurs were the landed gentry and Chopras formed

the educated class of administrators and litterateurs. After formation of Pakistan, the Hindus and Sikhs migrated to India and played an important role there.

Geography

Hafizabad is situated at 800 feet (240 m) above sea-level in central Punjab. The district is located between 32°-20' north latitudes and 73°-12' and 73°-46' east longitude. The river Chenabforms the northern and northwestern boundary of the district. Hafizabad shares its borders with Sheikhupura District and Gujranwala District in the east, Mandi Bahauddin District in the north, Sargodha District in the west, Faisalabad and Jhang District in the south. Hafizabad is situated at a distance of 303 km from the Federal Capital, Islamabad, and is 109 km away from the Provincial Capital, Lahore.[1] The district has a total area of 2,367 square kilometres and comprises two tehsils, namely Hafizabad and Pindi Bhattian. Major cities are KALEKE MANDI, SUKHEKE MANDI, JALALPUR BHATTIAN and VANIKAY TARRAR.

Climate

The climate of the district is hot and dry during the summer and moderately cold in the winter. The maximum summer temperature in the month of June is 48 °C (118 °F), while in winter, during January, the lowest minimum temperature is 1 °C (34 °F). Owing to the proximity of the hills, there is more rainfall in the east than the west. The monsoon season usually starts in the middle of July and continues until September. The soil is alluvial and fertile.[1]

Industry

Rice & Power Loom industry are also important industries, located in Hafizabad city. Hafizabad Power Loom industry is directly connected with Faisalabad, that is the major industrial city in Pakistan

Demographics

According to the 1998 census, the district had a population of 832,980, of which 26.73% were urban.[2]

97% of the population are Muslim, while Christians and Ahmadis represent 2.9% and 0.1%, respectively. Punjabi is the dominant language at 98.7%, while other languages spoken in the district are Urdu (0.9%), Pushto (0.3%) and Siraiki (0.1%).[1]

Language

The Punjabi is the most spoken language. Urdu is also spoken while English is spoken by the educated elite.

Education

Hafizabad has many colleges; the most famous are Government Degree College for men and Islamia Girls College for women. But technical institutes are now opened. Most famous secondary school is Govt.high school No.1 and Government Higher Secondary School Kaleki Mandi and Punjab college

Mandi Bahauddin District

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Mandi-Bahauddin DistrictMandi Baha ud Din

District

Map of Punjab with Mandi-Bahauddin District highlighted

Country Pakistan

Province Punjab

Capital Mandi Bahauddin

Area

• Total 2,673 km2 (1,032 sq mi)

Population (1998)

• Total 1,160,552

Time zone PST (UTC+5)

Number of Tehsils 3

Mandi Bahauddin (also spelled Mandi Baha ud Din) (Urdu:  بہاؤالدین منڈی لع ) is a district of the Punjab province of Pakistan. It is located at 32°34'60N 73°30'0E [1] and is bordered in the northwest by the Jhelum River, in the southeast by the Chenab River—which separates it from Gujranwala District and Gujrat District—and on the southwest by Sargodha District. The district has an area of 2673 km².

Contents

1   Administration 2   History 3   Geography 4   Demography and language 5   Climate 6   Business 7   Education 8   Statistics 9   References 10   External links

Administration

Mandi Bahauddin is subdivided into three tehsils and 65 Union Councils:[2]

Name of Tehsil Number of Union Councils

Malakwal 17

Mandi Bahauddin

27

Phalia 21

Total 65

History

The Battle of the Hydaspes River took place to the west of Mandi Bahauddin in 326 BCE, between Alexander the Great and the Raja Porus of India in 326 BCE. Raja Porus was situated nearby, in a portion of ancient India which is now part of Pakistan. The battle was the last major war fought by Alexander. Harry Roy, the son of Raja Porus, and Bucephalus, Alexander the Great's horse, both died on the first day of this battle. After the death of his son, Raja Porus, who had been stationed at Nazampur, came with elephants and fought Alexander the Great himself. As a result of this battle, Alexander founded two cities, Nicaea ("Victory") at the site of modern-day Mong, and Bucephala at the site (possibly) of Phalia in Pakistan.

In 997 CE, Sultan Mahmud Ghaznavi, took over the Ghaznavid dynasty empire established by his father, Sultan Sebuktegin, In 1005 he conquered the Shahis in Kabul in 1005, and followed it by the conquests of Punjab region. The Delhi Sultanate and later Mughal Empire ruled the region. The Punjab region became predominantly Muslim due to missionary Sufisaints whose dargahs dot the landscape of Punjab region.

In 1506 CE, a Gondal Jat chief, Bahauddin, migrated to this area from Pindi Shah Jahanian, and established a settlement named Pindi Bahauddin which was later anmed as Mandi Bahauddin.

The district forms a central portion of the Chaj Doab lying between the Jhelum and Chenab rivers. It lies between 300° 8' to 320° 40' N and 730° 36' to 370° 37' E. During British rule in the early twentieth century, the British established public services such as canals and irrigation facilities and the North-Western Railway to facilitate

defence of their empire from the north; it is at this time that Mandi Bahauddin Railway Station was built. The district has been a part of District Gujrat till 1993 when Tehsil Phalia of district Gujrat was separated to form a new district which was on the name of Tehsil Headquarter of Phalia, i.e. Mandi Bahauddin.

After the decline of the Mughal Empire, the Sikh invaded and occupied Mandi Bahauddin District. The Second Anglo-Sikh War of 1849 took place nearby;[where?] Lord Guff led the British forces against the Khalsa Sikh Army Chillianwala. A graveyard at Rakh Minar near Chillianwala has its own Ancient Memorandum, where many British Army soldiers and officers were buried. During the period of British rule, Mandi Bahauddin district increased in population and importance.

Chak Bandi was created by Sir Aamir Nawaz Tarar and 51 Chaks were settled and notified, land being awarded to people who worked for the British Empire. Chak 51 became the centre of this area, and hosted a grain market. In 1920 the town name became official, and in 1924 Pindi-Bahauddin Railway station was officially granted its name. In 1937 the town of Mandi-Bahauddin was given the status of a town committee. In 1941 it was given the status of a municipal committee. In the 1923 master reconstruction plan,[further explanation needed] all the streets and roads were laid straight and wide. In 1946 nine gates and the wall surrounding the town was completed due to riots.[clarification needed].

The predominantly Muslim population supported Muslim League and Pakistan Movement. After the independence of Pakistan in 1947, the minority Hindus and Sikhs migrated to Indiawhile the Muslim refugees from India settled in the Mandi Bahauddin District. In 1960, Phalia was granted the status of Sub-Division of District Gujrat and Mandi Bahauddin was named as its headquarters. In 1963 the Rasul Barrage and Rasul-Qadirabad link canal project, a component of the Indus Basin irrigation project, started. The project was managed by WAPDA, and a colony for government employees and foreign contractors was constructed a few kilometers from Mandi Bahauddin. The canal project was completed in 1968 by engineer Riazur Rahman Shariff as Project Director, highlighting the town and community and enabling it to expand commercially.

In 1993, Mian Manzoor Ahmed Wattoo, Chief Minister of Punjab, declared this city a District H.Q., a new district of Mandi Bahauddin.

Geography

The tehsil headquarter towns of Phalia and Malikwal are 22.5 and 28.5 kilometres from Mandi Bahauddin, respectively. It is bounded on the north by the Jhelum river, which separates it from Jehlam district; on the west by Sargodha district; on the south by river Chenab (which separates it from the Gujranwala and Hafizabad districts); and on the east by Gujrat district. The total area of the district is 2,673 square kilometres. The district comprises the Mandi Bahauddin, Phalia, and Malikwal tehsils.

Demography and language

According to the 1998 census of Pakistan, the population of the district was 1,160,552 of which 14.93% lived in urban environments.[3]

Punjabi is the most spoken language, Urdu is also widely spoken and English is spoken by educated elite.[4]

Climate

This district has a moderate climate, hot in summer and cold in winter. During the peak of summer, the temperature may rise to 45 °C during the day, but in the winter months the minimum temperature may fall below 2 °C. The average rainfall in the district is 50 mm.[further explanation needed]

Business

Natural Graphics, Punjab Center, Phalia Road Mandi Bahauddin +92 546 504292

https://www.facebook.com/naturalgraphic0546

Education

Aibak Solutions Computer Training Institiute, Near General Bus Stand, College Hostel Street, Mandi Bahauddin

(MIMS), MBDIN Institute of I.T. & Management Sciences, Punbab Centre, Phalia Road, Mandi Bahauddin

Government Post Graduate College for Boys, Mandi Bahauddin Government College for Women, Mandi Bahauddin Government Nawaz Sharif College for Women, Mandi Bahauddin Government College of Technology, Rasul Government Vocational College for Women, Mandi Bahauddin

Government Commerce College Mong, Mandi BahauddinStatistics

Forest area: 13,377 (40,879 acres) Metalled roads: 655 km Grid stations: 3 Telephone exchanges: 40 Industrial units: 897Narowal District

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

ضلع نارووال

District

Narowal District

Location of Narowal in Punjab.

Country Pakistan

Province Punjab

Capital Narowal

Area

• Total 2,337 km2 (902 sq mi)

Population (1998)

• Total 1,156,097

• Density 538/km2 (1,390/sq mi)

Time zone PST (UTC+5)

Number of Tehsils 3

Narowal District (Urdu:  �ارووال ض لع ), is a district in the province of Punjab of Pakistan. Narowal city is the capital of the district.

Contents

  [hide] 

1   Administration 2   Boundaries 3   History 4   Language and Demography 5   Notable residents 6   Hospitals 7   References 8   External links

Administration

The district is administratively divided into the following Three tehsils (subdivisions), which contain a total of 74 Union Councils:[1]

Tehsil No. of Unions

Narowal 39

Shakargar 35

h

Zafarwal

Total 74

Before the independence of Pakistan in 1947, Shakargarh town was the headquarters of Shakargarh Tehsil, which was a subdivision of theGurdaspur District of British India. Under the Radcliffe Award, the tehsil of Shakargarh was transferred to Pakistan and attached to Sialkot District. On July 1, 1991, Narowal and Shakargarh were removed from Sialkot District to form Narowal District.

Boundaries[edit source | editbeta]

The district is bounded on the northwest by Sialkot District, on the north by Kathua district of Jammu and Kashmir, on the southeast by the contested Pathankot District (Republic of India), on the south by Amritsar district (Republic of India) and on the southwest by Sheikhupura District in Pakistan.

History[edit source | editbeta]

Narowal District was agricultural region with forests during the Indus Valley Civilization. The Vedic period is characterized by Indo-Aryan culture that invaded from Central Asia and settled in Punjab region. The Kambojas, Daradas, Kaikayas, Madras, Pauravas, Yaudheyas, Malavas and Kurus invaded, settled and ruled ancient Punjab region. After overunning theAchaemenid Empire in 331 BCE, Alexander marched into present-day Punjab region with an army of 50,000. The Narowal was ruled by Maurya Empire, Indo-Greek kingdom, Kushan Empire, Gupta Empire, White Huns, Kushano-Hephthalites and Shahi kingdoms.

In 997 CE, Sultan Mahmud Ghaznavi, took over the Ghaznavid dynasty empire established by his father, Sultan Sebuktegin, In 1005 he conquered the Shahis in Kabul in 1005, and followed it by the conquests of Punjab region. The Delhi Sultanate and later Mughal Empire ruled the region. The Punjab region became predominantly Muslim due to missionary Sufisaints whose dargahs dot the landscape of Punjab region.

After the decline of the Mughal Empire, the Sikh invaded and occupied Narowal District. During the period of British rule, Narowal district increased in population and importance.

The predominantly Muslim population supported Muslim League and Pakistan Movement. After the independence of Pakistan in 1947, the minority Hindus and Sikhs migrated to Indiawhile the Muslim refugees from India settled in the Narowal District.

Language and Demography[edit source | editbeta]

For more information, see Punjabi dialects.

As per the 1998 census of Pakistan, Punjabi language is spoken by 95%. Punjabi dialects spoken in the district are

Majhi or Standard (Majority) Dogri/Darhab (Jammu and Border area's people)

Other Languages include:

Urdu being national language is spoken and understood. English is also understood and spoken by the sizable educated people.

The total area of the district is approximately 2,337 square kilometres. Prior to the creation of Zafarwal Tehsil in July 2009,[2] Narowal Tehsil occupied 1,065 square kilometres while the remaining area (1,272 square kilometres) fell in Shakargarh Tehsil. According to the 1998 census of Pakistan, Narowal District's population was 1,256,097, of which only 12.11% were urbans.[3]

Notable residents

Chaudhry Muhammad Sarwar Khan, Longest serving Parliamentarian from 1951 to 1999.

Lord Malhi or Chaudhry Naseer Ahmad Malhi the richest landlord in Sialkot-Narowal region and considered one of the founding fathers of Pakistan.

The Anand siblings Chetan Anand, Dev Anand, Vijay Anand and Sheela Kant Kapur, mother of Shekhar Kapur, children of Pishori Lal Anand an advocate.[4]

Hospitals

Noor Hospital Narowal Chaudhary Sarwar Hospital Chatha Hospital Sahara Hospital DHQ Sughra Shafi Medical complex Shahid Hospital Haq Eye & Orthopaedic Hospital shukar din hospital Hindustan hospital