Political turmoil, which had marked most of Guinea-Bissau’s history, continued in 2016. In May Pres.José Mário Vaz dismissed Prime Minister Carlos

Correia. Vaz later appointed Baciro Djá to the position.Opponents of the move said it was unconstitutional andtook their case to the Supreme Court, but in July the courtupheld Djá’s appointment. Tensions, however, remainedhigh and hindered the functioning of the government. InSeptember mediators from the Economic Community ofWest African States, the regionaltrade bloc, announced that theGuinea-Bissau government and par-ties had agreed to a roadmap thataimed to alleviate the political crisis.Djá was dismissed in November andreplaced by Umaro Sissoco Embaló.

DemographyPopulation (2016): 1,834,000.Density (2016)3: persons per sq mi168.9, persons per sq km 65.2.

Sex distribution (2015): male 49.01%;female 50.99%.

Population projection: (2020) 2,009,000;(2030) 2,468,000.

Major cities (2009): Bissau387,909; Gabú 81,495;Bafatá 68,956; Bissorã56,585; Bigene 51,412.

Urban-rural (2014):

Vital statisticsBirth rate per 1,000 population (2015):33.4 (world avg. 19.5).

Death rate per 1,000 population (2015):14.3 (world avg. 8.1).

Natural increase rate per 1,000 popula-tion (2015): 19.1 (world avg. 11.4).

Life expectancy at birth (2015): male48.2 years; female 52.3 years.

Adult population (ages 15–49) livingwith HIV (2014): 3.7% (world avg.0.8%).

Age breakdown (2015):

Ethnic composition (2009): Religious affiliation (2008):

Guinea-Bissau

Official name: Républica da Guiné-Bissau (Republic of Guinea-Bissau).

Form of government: republic1 with onelegislative house (National People’sAssembly [1022]).

Head of state: President José Mário Vaz.Head of government: Prime Minister

Umaro Sissoco Embaló.Capital: Bissau.Official language: Portuguese.Official religion: none.Monetary unit: CFA franc (CFAF); valuation (Sept. 1, 2016) 1 U.S.$ =CFAF 586.04; 1 £ = CFAF 779.44.

Area and population area population

2009Regions Chief towns sq mi sq km census

Bafatá Bafatá 2,309 5,981 210,007Biombo Quinhámel 324 840 97,120Bolama/Bijagós Bolama 1,013 2,624 34,563Cacheu Cacheu 1,998 5,175 192,508Gabú Gabú 3,533 9,150 215,530Oio Bissorã 2,086 5,403 224,644Quinara Fulacunda 1,212 3,138 63,610Tombali Catió 1,443 3,736 94,939

Autonomous sectorBissau –– 30 78 387,909TOTAL 13,9484 36,1254 1,520,830

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National economyBudget (2014). Revenue: CFAF 98,000,000,000 (tax revenue 43.4%;grants 41.8%; nontax revenue 14.8%). Expenditures:CFAF 111,900,000,000 (current expenditure 70.8%, ofwhich wages and salaries 29.1%; capital expenditure29.2%).

Public debt (external, outstanding; 2014): U.S.$203,179,000.Production (metric tons except as noted). Agriculture,forestry, fishing (2014): rice 183,000, cashew nuts138,1955, plantains 51,9545, cassava 48,740, peanuts(groundnuts) 45,090, coconuts 43,060, sorghum 14,000,millet 10,000, mangoes, mangosteens, and guavas 8,3385,bananas 7,5925, corn (maize) 6,790; livestock (number oflive animals) 750,000 goats, 675,000 cattle, 472,000 sheep,463,000 pigs, 6,7005 beehives; roundwood 2,884,099 cu m,of which fuelwood 95%; fisheries production 6,700 (from aquaculture,none). Mining and quarrying: small-scale production of clays, lime-stone, granite, and sand and gravel. Manufacturing (2003): processedwood 11,000; bakery products 7,900; wood products 4,400; dried andsmoked fish 3,800; soap 2,400; vegetable oils 37,000 hectolitres.Energy production (consumption): electricity (kW-hr; 2012) 34,000,000(34,000,000), by source: fossil fuels 100%; coal, none (none); crudepetroleum, none (none); petroleum products (metric tons; 2011) none(80,000); natural gas, none (none).

Population economically active (2008)8: total 645,000; participationrates: ages 15–64, male, n.a.; female 42.5%; unemployed, n.a., ofwhich youth (ages 15–24) n.a.

Average household size (2010): 8.3.Gross national income (GNI; 2015): U.S.$1,086,000,0009 (U.S.$590 per

capita); purchasing power parity GNI (U.S.$1,450 per capita).Land use as % of total land area (2011): in temporary crops or left fal-low 10.7%, in permanent crops 8.9%, in pasture 38.4%, forest area71.6%10.

Foreign trade7

Imports (2012): CFAF 143,463,000,000 (refinedpetroleum products 20.3%, cereals and cerealproducts 11.9%, beverages 2.7%). Major import sources (2011):

Exports (2012): CFAF 89,745,000,000 (cashews66.8%). Major export destinations (2011):

Transport and communicationsTransport. Railroads: none. Roads (2003):total length 1,710 mi, 2,755 km (paved

28%). Vehicles (200911): passen-ger cars 42,222; trucks and buses9,612.

Education and healthLiteracy (2015): total population age 15 andover literate 59.9%; males literate 71.8%;females literate 48.3%.

Health (2013): physicians 332 (1 per 5,007 per-sons); hospital beds 16,042 (1 per 104 persons);infant mortality rate per 1,000 live births(2015) 89.2; undernourished population(2006–08) 300,000 (22% of total populationbased on the consumption of a minimum dailyrequirement of 1,760 calories).

MilitaryTotal active duty personnel (November 2015):c. 4,450 (army c. 90%, navy c. 8%, air forcec. 2%). Military expenditure as percentageof GDP (2013): 2.6%; per capita expendi-ture U.S.$16.

1A transitional government was designated on May 11, 2012, in the aftermath of a military coup onApril 12, 2012; power was transferred to a democratically elected government on June 23, 2014.2Includes 2 seats reserved for citizens of Guinea-Bissau residing abroad. 3Based on land area of 10,859sq mi (28,125 sq km). 4Includes water area of about 3,089 sq mi (8,000 sq km). 52013. 6Taxes on prod-ucts less subsidies and less imputed bank service charges. 7Imports c.i.f.; exports f.o.b. 8ILO estimates.9Formal economy only; in mid-2015 much of Guinea-Bissau’s income was derived from traffickingSouth American cocaine into Europe. 10Includes other types of land. 11January 1. 12Subscribers.

Internet resources for further information:• Instituto Nacional de Estatística www.stat-guinebissau.com• La Banque de France: La Zone Franc

www.banque-france.fr/eurosysteme-et-international/zone-franc.html

Structure of gross domestic product and labour force2013 2015

in value % of total labour % of labourCFAF ’000,000 value force force

Agriculture, forestry, fishing 246,108 43.3 519,000 77.6Mining and quarrying 164 …Public utilities 5,497 1.0Manufacturing 79,939 14.0Construction 7,160 1.3Transportation and 150,000 22.4communications 29,629 5.2Trade, hotels 130,894 23.0Finance, real estate 9,120 1.6Pub. admin., defense, services 54,205 9.5Other 6,1756 1.16

TOTAL 568,891 100.0 669,000 100.0

Communications units unitsnumber per 1,000 number per 1,000

Medium date in ’000s persons Medium date in ’000s persons

TelephonesCellular 2015 1,23812 69312

Landline 2014 5.0 2.9

Internet users 2009 37 23Broadband 2015 1.112 0.612

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