guidelines for the design and management of bicycle parking facilities€¦ · ·...
TRANSCRIPT
Guidelines for the desiGn and ManaGeMent of Bicycle ParkinG facilities
1. INTRODUCTION 1 1.1.BACKGROUND
2. DESIGN GUIDELINES FOR BICYCLE PARKING ON PROPERTY 3 OUTSIDE OF THE PUBLIC RIGHT-OF-WAY
2.1.BICYCLEPARKINGDEFINITIONS 3
2.2.CRITERIAFORGOODQUALITYBICYCLEPARKING: 3
2.3.SHORT-TERMBICYCLEPARKING 4 2.3.1.RackDesign 2.3.2.CoveredBicycleParking 2.3.3.Installation
2.4LONG-TERMBICYCLEPARKING 7 2.4.1BicycleLockers 2.4.2BicycleCages 2.4.3IndoorBicycleParking(ParkingGarage) 2.4.4IndoorBicycleParking(BikeRoom)
2.5SHOWER/CHANGEFACILITIES 10
2.6EMERGINGTECHNOLOGIESANDINNOVATIONS 11
2.7BICYCLEPARKINGISSUESBYDEVELOPMENTTYPE 11 2.7.1High-Rise&Low-RiseResidentialUses 2.7.2Commercial,Industrial,InstitutionalUses 2.7.3UseswithHighBicycleParkingDemand
3. SITE DESIGN STRATEGIES 15
3.1.ACCESSIBILITY 15
3.2STAIRWAYS 15 3.3BICYCLEPATHSON-SITE 15
3.4DESIGNINGFORCONVENIENCE 16 3.5SIGNAGE 16
3.6SAFETYANDSECURITY 16
3.7CREATINGATTRACTIVEBICYCLEPARKING 17
Guidelines for the desiGn and ManaGeMent of Bicycle ParkinG facilities
4. BUILDING MANAGEMENT, OPERATIONS AND EMPLOYER-BASED 19 STRATEGIES
4.1SHORT-TERMBICYCLEPARKING 19
4.2LONG-TERMBICYCLEPARKING 19 4.2.1BicycleLockers 4.2.2BicycleCages 4.2.3IndoorBicycleParking(UndergroundParkingGarage) 4.2.4IndoorBicycleParking(BikeRoom)
4.3SECURITYANDFACILITYOPERATIONS 20
4.4BUILDINGACCESS 21
4.5INCENTIVESTOENCOURAGEBICYCLEUSE 21
5. BICYCLE PARKING FACILITIES IN THE PUBLIC RIGHT-OF-WAY 23
5.1NEWDEVELOPMENTSPROGRAM 23
5.2BICYCLERACKPLACEMENTANDDESIGN 23
5.3LONG-TERMPARKING 24
6. POLICY CONTEXT 25 6.1CITYOFTORONTOOFFICIALPLAN 25
6.2CITYOFTORONTOBIKEPLAN 25
6.3TORONTOGREENDEVELOPMENTSTANDARD2008 25
6.4CITYOFTORONTOZONINGBY-LAWPROJECT 26
6.5VIBRANTSTREETSGUIDELINES 27
6.6NATIONALANDINTERNATIONALENVIRONMENTALSTANDARDSANDCERTIFICATIONS 27
6.7PROVINCIALPOLICIES 28
7. CONCLUSION 29
8. APPENDIX A: CONCEPTUAL SITE PLAN 31
Guidelines for the desiGn and ManaGeMent of Bicycle ParkinG facilities
9. APPENDIX B: RELEVANT POLICIES AND BY-LAWS. 33
10. APPENDIX C: BICYCLE PARKING BROCHURE 37
Guidelines for the desiGn and ManaGeMent of Bicycle ParkinG facilities
�
1. INTRODUCTION
SustainablegrowthanddevelopmentofahealthyandliveableToronto,comesinpartthroughareductioninautodependencyandthesupportandfurtherdevelopmentofalternativemodesoftransportation.InkeepingwiththeCityofToronto’sgrowthmanagementobjectives,currentCitypoliciesandimplementationmeasuresprovidefortheaccommodationandgrowthofbicycletransportationthroughanincreaseinqualitybicycleinfrastructure.TheseGuidelineslikethosetheCityhasapprovedforstreetscapedesign,bicyclelanes,greenparkinglots,anddrive-throughssupporttheeffectiveimplementationofhighquality,wellintegrated,sustainableandattractivetransportationinfrastructure.
1.1 BACKGROUNDGuidelinesfortheDesignandManagementofBicycleParkingFacilitiesareintendedtoimprovethequalityofbicycleparkingthatissecuredthroughthedevelopmentapprovalprocess.TheseGuidelineswillprovideplanners,developersandpropertymanagerswithinformationtosupportthedesign,constructionandmanagementofhighqualitybicycleparkingfacilities.Indoingso,thisGuidewillbeofassistanceinthepreparationofTransportationDemandManagement(TDM)Plans(requiredforlargedevelopments)aswellasserveasatoolformeetinghigherstandardssuchasthosesetbytheTorontoGreenDevelopmentStandardandotherenvironmentaldesigncertifications.Inadditiontonewdevelopments,theGuidelinesmayalsoprovidedirectionforexistingbuildingsundergoingredesignorrenovation.
Bicycleparkingassociatedwithnewdevelopmentsisnormallyprovidedonthedevelopmentproperty,however,theremaybeinstanceswhereitiseithernotpossibleordesirabletoaccommodateallbicycleparkingrequirementson-site.Wherebicycleparkingisprovidedinthepublicright-of-way(onthesidewalk)theapplicationofthesebicycleparkingguidelineswillbeconditionedbyotherregulationsthatapplytothepublicright-of-way(seeSection5).
Bicycles,asamodeoftransportation,areemission-free,requirelessspaceoncitystreetsandpromoteahealthyandactivelifestyle.Whenusedalone,orcombinedwith
publictransit,bicyclescanprovidethedoor–to–doorconvenienceofprivateautomobiles.Statisticsshowthatin2006approximately25,000peopleinTorontocycledtowork1.Thisrepresented1%ofallcommuters.Thisisa0.2%increasefrom2001datathatshowedapproximately18,000peopleinTorontocycledtowork.2InordertosupportacontinuedandgreaterincreaseinbicycleusefordailytravelinToronto,acombinationofhigh-qualityinfrastructure,bicycle-friendlypolicy,educationandpromotionarerequired.
1StatisticsCanada2006CensusofPopulation2StatisticsCanada2001CensusofPopulation
CityofTorontoPost-and-Ringbicycle
parkingrack.
Guidelines for the desiGn and ManaGeMent of Bicycle ParkinG facilities
�
2. DESIGN GUIDELINES FOR BICYCLE PARKING ON PROPERTY OUTSIDE OF THE PUBLIC RIGHT-OF-WAY
Bicycleparkingstandardsprimarilydealwiththequantityandtypeoffacilitiesrequired.However,therearekeydesignstrategiesthatspecificallyaddressthequalityofbicycleparking.Thefollowingguidelineswillassistinthedesignanddevelopmentofhighqualitybicycleparkingfacilitiesthatwillsuccessfullymeettheneedsofcyclistsandwillworktoencourageandsupportbicycleuse.
2.1. BICYCLE PARKING DEFINITIONS Therearetwocategoriesofbicycleparking:
Long-term bicycle parking Alsoknownas“bicycleparkingspace–occupant,or
Type1bicycleparking”.Includesbicycleracksinanenclosed,securedareawith
controlledaccess;orIndividual,secureenclosureslikebicyclelockers;
Short-term bicycle parking Alsoknownas“bicycleparkingspace–visitor,orType2
bicycleparking”Includesbicycleracksinaneasilyaccessiblelocation;Availableforpublicuse;Shelteredorunsheltered;Doesnotprotectbicyclesfromvandalismortheft
attempts.
2.2. CRITERIA FOR GOOD QUALITY BICYCLE PARKING: Althoughthereareawidevarietyofdesignstrategiesthatcanbeusedtoimplementgoodqualitybicycleparkingtherearethreemaincriteriathatmustbesatisfied:
Accessibility: ClosetobuildingentrancesAtgroundleveloraccessiblefromgroundlevel(i.e.by
ramps,elevators)NoobstacleslikestairsorsteepslopesSeparate,dedicatedbicyclerampsintoparkingareas
aredesirable.Way-findingsignage
BicycleparkingatUniversityofToronto,StGeorgeCampus.
Guidelines for the desiGn and ManaGeMent of Bicycle ParkinG facilities
�
Safety and security: Racksorlockersmadefromhighqualitymaterials
andfirmlysecuredtotheground,floor,orwall.RegularlymonitoredbysecuritypersonnelLocatedinawell-litareaShort-termparking:locatedinabusy,publicareato
increaseinformalsurveillanceLong-termparking:locatedinaseparate,access
controlledarea
Convenience: EasytolocateandaccessEasytouseWhereverpossible,situatedclosetobicyclefriendly
routes
2.3. SHORT-TERM BICYCLE PARKING Short-termor“visitor”bicycleparkingisdesignedtobeusedforafewminutesuptoacoupleofhours.Asaresult,short-termparkingshouldbeeasilyaccessible,racksshouldprovideasecurepointforlockingupanditisbestifracksarecoveredforweatherprotection.
2.3.1. Rack DesignThereareseveraltypesofbicycleparkingrackdesignsavailableforbicycleparkingonpropertyoutsideofthepublicright-of-way.Thefollowingkeyfeaturesofrackdesigndeterminetheirqualityandsuitability.(SeeSection5fordetailsonbicyclerackinstallationsonthesidewalkinthepublicright-of-way)
DesignOptions:Materials to look for: galvanizedsteel;industrialgradematerials.
Materials to avoid:wood;softmetals;untreatedmetalsthatwillrust;andcastcompositesthatarebrittleandmaycrackunderimpact.Forrackdesignsthathaveweldedsectionsavoidmaterialslikestainlesssteelthatdonotweldstronglyasweakweldedsectionscaneasilybebrokenbythievesorvandals.
Finishing: Racksshouldhaveasmoothoutersurfacethatwillnotdamageorscratchbicycleframes.
Goodbicyclerackdesignprovides2ormorecontactpointsbetweenthebicycleandrack.Atappingrailclosetothegroundwouldimprovetherackontherightbymakingitmoreeasilydetectableforblindorvisuallyimpairedpeople.
EXAMPLESOFGOODBICYCLERACKDESIGN
Theseracksparkmultiplebicyclesandallowcycliststolockthebicycleframeandatleastonewheeltotherack.
Guidelines for the desiGn and ManaGeMent of Bicycle ParkinG facilities
�
GoodDesignFeatures:Goodqualityrackdesignswillprovidethefollowing:
Two points of contact between the bicycle and the rack. Thisallowsboththeframeandatleastonewheelto
belockedtotherackandsupportsthebicycle.
Space-efficiency Racksshouldallowagoodnumberofbicyclestobe
parkedinasmallareawhileprovidingadequatespace betweenbicyclestofacilitateparkingandlocking.
Detectability Adesignthatensuresthebicyclerackiseasily
detectableforpartiallysightedorblindpeople.For example,addingatappingrailtospanthebottomof aninvertedUstylerackwillmakeiteasierforvisually impairedpeopletodetect.
PoorDesignFeatures:Thefollowingqualitiesareexamplesofbadbicyclerackdesign:
Onepointofcontactbetweenthebicycleandrack.Itis usuallynotpossibletolockboththeframeandone wheeltoarackwithonlyonecontactpointandthe bicycleismorelikelytofalloverwhenparked.
Therackonlysupportsonebicyclewheel.Theseracks (commonlyknownas“wheelbenders”forthedamage theycancausetobicyclewheels)donotsupportthe bicycleframeorallowtheframetobelockedsecurely totherack.
EXAMPLESOFBADBICYCLERACKDESIGN
Choosinginappropriatematerialswillcompromisesecurity.Weldedsectionsofthisstainlesssteelrackhavebeenbrokenoffbyvandalsorthieves.
Bikesparkat900anglestothisrackwhichonlyprovides1pointofcontactperbike.Ifinstalledtooclosetoanobstacle,likethisrack,capacityisreducedto1or2bikesatmost.
This“wheelbender”rackdoesnotallowbicycleframestobesecurelylockedtotherack.
Guidelines for the desiGn and ManaGeMent of Bicycle ParkinG facilities
�
2.3.2. Covered Bicycle Parking Shelteredracksprovideanevenhigherqualityofshorttermparking.Sheltersofferweatherprotectionandcanhelpprotectbicyclesfromaccidentaldamagebyprovidinggreaterseparationfromasidewalkorparkingarea.Installingparkingunderneathawnings,overhangsorstairwayscanalsoprovidegoodshelterandmayavoidextraconstructioncosts.Anenclosedstructureprovidesthebestshelterhoweverasimplecoveringwillstillhelptoprotectbicyclesandcyclistsfromrainandsnow.
2.3.3. Installation Anchoring:Allbicycleracksshouldbefirmlysecuredtothegroundorfloorbyboltingthemtoahardsurfaceorfixingtheminconcrete.Concreteisthepreferredsurfaceformaximumsecurityalthoughothersurfacesmayalsobeappropriate.
Spacing:Requiredminimumspacingbetweenbicyclesparkedinahorizontalpositionis0.6metresby1.8metreswithaverticaldimensionof1.9metres.Forbicyclesparkedinaverticalpositiontherequiredspacingis0.6metresby1.2metreswithaverticaldimensionof1.9metres.
Forbicycleracksthatholdmorethan2bicyclesthefollowingguidelinesincludepreferredaislespacingandspacingbetweenalinearseriesofracksinordertogivebicyclesadequateroomtomanoeuvre:
1)Aminimumdistanceof2.5m.fromanyfirehydrant,entranceorloadingarea(basedontheCityofToronto’spostandringbikestandplacementguidelines)
2)Forracksthatholdmultiple(>2)bicycles(basedonrackmanufacturers’installationguides):
(a) Distance between rack and wall, or other obstacle: i.Minimum0.45 mifbikesparkedparalleltoobstacle;
ii.Minimum2.5 mifbikesparkedperpendiculartoobstacleandrackhasdouble-sidedaccess;
iii.Minimum0.6 mifbikesparkedperpendiculartoobstacleandrackhassingle-sidedaccess(sidefacingwallwouldnotaccommodatebicycles).
4.2
m
0.45
m
2.5
m
0.9 m
1.8
m
CoveredbicycleparkingataRecreationCentreinEsquimalt,Victoria,BC.PhotoCredit:JohnLuton.
Covered,short-termbicycleparkinginasurfaceparkinglotinOttawa,Ontario.
Theabovespacingisrecommendedforracksthatparkmultiplebicyclestoprovidemaximumparkingcapacityandallowbicyclestomanoeuvrethroughtheparkingarea.
Guidelines for the desiGn and ManaGeMent of Bicycle ParkinG facilities
�
(b) Aisle width (space between bicycles): i.Preferredspacing:1.8 mFortypicalbikeracksthisleavesapproximately4.2mbetweenracks,howeverthisspacingwilldifferdependingonthedesignoftherack.
(c) Space between rack ends (for a linear series of racks placed end to end):
i.0.9mformaximumparkingcapacity.
3)Forracksthathold2bicycles(basedonCityofTorontopost-and-ringbikestandplacementguidelines):
(a) Distance between rack and wall, curb or other obstacle:
i.Minimum1.5 mforracksperpendiculartowallorotherobstacle
ii.Minimum0.7mforracksparalleltowall,orotherobstacle
(b) Distance between individual racks: i.Minimum2.5 mforracksparalleltowall,orotherobstacle(3.5mpreferredinareaswithhighbicycle parkingturnover).
ii.Minimum1.0 mforracksperpendiculartowallorotherobstacle.
Decisionsontheplacementandspacingofallbicycleparkingracksmustincludeconsiderationforpedestrianmovement.Bicycleracksshouldneverbeplacedinawaythatwillinterferewithpedestrianaccesstoorfromthebicycleparkingfacilityorotherpedestriandestinationson-site.
2.4 LONG-TERM BICYCLE PARKING Long-termbicycleparkingisintendedforuseoverseveralhoursorovernight.Asaresult,thisparkingmustbedesignedtoprotectbicyclesparkedforlongerperiodsoftime.
2.4.1 Bicycle Lockers Bicyclelockersareindividualstorageunits.Theyareweather-protected,enclosedandoperatedbyacontrolledaccesssystemthatmayusekeys,swipecard(keyfob)or
0.6 m (no access)
1.0 m
1.5
m
0.7 m
Wall or Other Obstacle
2.5 m
Spacebetweenanobstacleandarackwithsingle-sidedaccessisnecessarytoallowbicyclestobeparkedandlockedproperly.
Theorientationofbicycleracksdeterminestheamountofspacingrequired.(See3(a)and(b)(ii)onthispage).
Recommendeddistancebetweenracksinstalledinaparallelseries(See3(b)(i)onthispage).
Guidelines for the desiGn and ManaGeMent of Bicycle ParkinG facilities
�
2carparkingspacesisapproximatelyequalto20bicycleparkingspaces.
anelectronickeypadlocatedonalockerdoor.Somelockersystemsaresetupformultipleusers(i.e.coinoperatedorsecuredwithpersonallocks).Onaverage,twostandardcarparkingspaces(of5.6mx2.6meach)canaccommodate10individualbicyclelockerspacesbutthismaydifferdependingonthelockermodel.
Design Options: Thereareseverallockerdesignsavailable.Costsandqualityofdesignmayvaryconsiderably.Securityanddurabilityareimportantcriteriatoconsiderwhenselectingabicyclelocker.Transparentpanelsareavailableonsomemodelstoallowsurveillanceoflockercontents.Stackablemodelscandoublebicycleparkingcapacityonsite.Integratedsolarpanelshavebeenaddedtocertainmodelsforrechargingelectricbicycles.Optionsforcustomeraccesscanvaryfromasimple,single-usekeysystemtoamulti-usersystemthatallowssecureaccessthroughsmartcardtechnologyorelectronickeypads.
Installation: BikeLockersrequirealevelsurfaceandclearanceforlockerdoors.Concretesurfacesarepreferredhoweverrequirementsmayvaryfordifferentlockermodels.Anchorboltsareusedtofixlockersintoplace.Lockersshouldbelocatedclosetobuildingentrances,oronthefirstlevelofaparkinggarageandwithinrangeofsecuritysurveillance.BicycleLockersarebestplacedawayfromsidewalksandareaswithhighpedestriantraffic.Highquality,durablemodelsthatcanwithstandregularuse,intenseweatherconditionsandpotentialvandalismshouldbeused.
2.4.2 Bicycle Cages Bicyclecagesrestrictaccesstobicycleparkingracksthroughanelectronickeypad,securitypasscardorasimilartypeofsystem.Goodqualityracksareinstalledinsidethecageandbicyclesarelockedtotheseracks.SeeSection2.3.3fordetailsonrackinstallationandspacing.Onceinsidethecage,anindividualhasaccesstoallbicyclessoitisimportanttocloselymonitorandenforceproperuseofthecage.
Design Options: Forsecuritypurposes,smallcagesarebestinordertolimitthenumberofpeoplewithaccesstoanyonecage.Forlargedevelopmentswithhighdemandforbicycleparkingseveralsmallcagesmaybepreferable.Wallsmustbemade
Bicyclelockersinanundergroundparkinggarage(OntarioInstituteforStudiesinEducation,UniversityofToronto).
BicyclecageatTorontoReferenceLibrary(Glassroofextendsdownfrommainbuilding,wiremeshwalls,restrictedaccessthroughelectronickeypad).
Guidelines for the desiGn and ManaGeMent of Bicycle ParkinG facilities
�
oftight,strongmeshorperforatedmetalsheetstopreventattemptstocutthroughthecageortoreachthroughandtripthedoorlatchorinsidehandle.Asoliddoormayberequired.
Installation: Bicyclecagescanbeinstalledoutsideorinsideabuildingorinaparkinggarage.Cagedoorsandroofmustfittightlyagainstthecagewalls.Bothcageandbicycleracksinsidemustbefirmlysecuredtothegroundorfloor.
Cage Capacity: Asinglecageof5.6mx5.4mcanaccommodateapproximately20bicycles.Acageofthissizeoccupiesthesameareaastwocarparkingspaces(onestandardcarparkingspaceis5.6mx2.6mwithaminimum6metreaislewidth).
2.4.3 Indoor Bicycle Parking (Parking Garage) Undergroundparkingfacilitiesoffermanygoodoptionstoaccommodatehighquality,longtermbicycleparking.Thiscanonlyqualifyaslongtermparkingifaccesstotheparkinggarageiscontrolledorifthebicycleracksareotherwisesecured(i.e.abikecage,separatelockedroomorbicyclelockers).Providingmorethanonelevelofsecurity(i.e.controlledaccesstogarage+bicyclecagesorlockers)willfurtherimprovethequalityoftheparking.
Design Options: Bicycleparkingshouldbelocatedonthefirstlevelofaparkinggaragesothatitisaccessiblefromthegroundlevelandinteractionsbetweenbicyclesandautomobilesinthegarageareminimized.
Access Ramps: Inordertoeasilyaccommodatetwo-waybicycletraffic,thepreferredbicyclerampwidthis3.0m.Thestandardmaximumgradientforautomobilerampsis15%.Dependingontheplacementoftherampexita15%gradientmaybetoosteeptobesafelyusedbybicycles.Thepreferredrampgradientforbicycleaccessis6-7%.Ifthereisadequatespaceaseparate,dedicatedbicyclerampispreferred.Wherepossible,adedicatedbicyclerampleadingtoaseparatedbicycleparkingroomwillprovidemaximumsafetyandsecurityforcyclists.(SeeAppendixA:ConceptualDesign)
BicyclecageatSouthRiverdaleCommunityHealthCentre(perforatedmetalsheetsusedonlowerhalfofwalls).Seeinsetfordetailofuppersection.PhotoCredit:PaulYoung;Artist:JungleLing.
Thisparkinggarageprovidesadirectlinetobuildingsecurityattheentranceforcycliststorequestaccess.Onlycyclistswithsecurityclearancecanenterthegarage.
Guidelines for the desiGn and ManaGeMent of Bicycle ParkinG facilities
�0
2.4.4 Indoor Bicycle Parking (Bike Room) Anotheroptionforlongtermbicycleparkingistousefloorspacewithinabuildingtocreateanindoorbicycleroom.Thisroomshouldbefittedwithgoodqualitybicycleracksthataresecurelyfixedinplace.
DesignOptions:Adedicated,directentranceintothebikeroomwillimprovesecurityandconvenience.Bikeroomsshouldbeatgroundleveloreasilyaccessiblebyelevatorand/orramp.Locatingtheareawithinviewofstaffwillimprovesecurity.Forlargedevelopmentswherealargenumberoflong-termbicycleparkingspacesarerequired,providingseveralsmallbikeparkingroomscanimprovesecuritybygivingfewercyclistsaccesstoeachroom.Thecapacityofindoorparkingroomscanbemaximizedbyusingtwo–tieredparkingsystems(seeSection2.6)and/orverticalparkingrackswhereappropriate.
Additional features: Reservinganareainthebikeroomforself-servebicyclerepairandmaintenancewilladdanadditionallevelofservicetothefacility.Featuressuchasabikestand,basictoolsand/oranairpumpwillgobeyondthebasicrequirementsofabikeroomtoprovideahighqualitybicycleparkingfacility.
2.5 SHOWER / CHANGE FACILITIES Showerandchangefacilitiesatnon-residentialdevelopmentscanbeastrongincentivetoencouragebicycleuse.Thesefacilitiesareparticularlyimportantforemployeesorstudentswhohavealongcommuteorwhoarerequiredtoobserveaprofessionaldresscode.Thenumberofshowerstallsavailableshouldreflecttheamountoflong-termbicycleparkingonsite.Althoughnotrequiredintheproposedstandards,aminimumofoneshowerforsmallerdevelopmentswith4orlesslong-termbicycleparkingspacesispreferred.TheTorontoGreenDevelopmentStandard2008setsthetargetforshowerandchangefacilitiestobeprovidedatworkplaceswithonefacilitypergenderforevery30bicycleparkingspaces.SeeSection6.3formoreinformationontheTorontoGreenDevelopmentStandard
Design Options: Gooddesignexamplesshowshowersandchangeroomsdirectlyadjacenttosecurebicycleparkingfacilities.Other
IntelliwareDevelopmentInc.(Toronto)employeebicycleparkingislocatedinofficelobbywithaseparate,bicycleentrance/exit.Photocredit:LawrenceLudlow.
EmployeeindoorbicycleparkingroomattheCentreforSocialInnovation(Toronto)Photocredit:YvonneBambrick.
Guidelines for the desiGn and ManaGeMent of Bicycle ParkinG facilities
��
possibilitiesincludearrangementstoshareothershowerfacilitieson-site(i.e.inabuilding’sfitnesscentre).Thesearrangementsareappropriateprovidedthattheshowerfacilityisofadequatesizetoaccommodatetheexpectedamountofbicyclecommutersatpeaktraveltimesandisincloseproximitytothelong-termbicycleparking.Personallockersforclothingandequipmentareanindispensablefeatureofchangefacilities.Toprovideahighqualitychangefacility,thenumberofpersonallockerswouldequalthenumberoflong-termbicycleparkingspacesonsite.
2.6 EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES AND INNOVATIONS Asbicycleusebecomesmoreprevalentinurbancentrestheissueofprovidinggoodqualitybicycleparkingisbecomingmoreimportant.Withanincreaseddemandforbicycleinfrastructurenewinnovationsandinnovativeusesofexistingtechnologiescontinuetoemerge.
Examples include: Bicycleparkingstations–indoorbicycleparking
facilitiesprovidingvaletparking,bicyclerepairs,bike rental,retailandbikesharing.
Twoandthree-tieredbicyclerackstoincreaseparking capacitywithoutincreasingfloorspace
Bicyclelockerscustomfittedwithsolarpanelsto rechargeelectricbicycles
Bicyclesharing–bicycleloaningsystemprovides bicyclesandreservedbicycleparkingforemployeesor residents
2.7 BICYCLE PARKING ISSUES BY DEVELOPMENT TYPE
Specificbicycleparkingrequirementswilldifferdependingonthetypeofdevelopment.
2.7.1 High-Rise & Low-Rise Residential Uses Multi-unitresidentialbuildingsrequiresecure,long-termbicycleparkingforresidentsinadditiontoasmalleramountofshort-termvisitorbicycleparking.Long-termparkingshouldbeeasilyaccessibletoencourageregularbicycleusewhileprotectingresidents’property(frombothvisitorsandotherresidentsinthebuilding).
Providingabicyclestandandanareaforminorbicyclemaintenanceisaneasywaytoaddavaluablelevelofservicetoabicycleparkingroom.
McDonald’sCycleCentre,Chicago,ILTwo-tieredbicyclerackswithmanoeuvrableupperlevelincreasecapacitywithsafeandeasyparking.
Guidelines for the desiGn and ManaGeMent of Bicycle ParkinG facilities
�2
Forcondominiums,whereseparatedwellingunitsareprivatelyowned,long-termbicycleparkinginfrastructureisbestdesignedasacommonlyownedfeatureofthedevelopment.Long-termbicycleparkingwouldthenbetheresponsibilityofbuildingmanagementwhichwouldensurehighstandardsformanagementandmaintenanceofthefacility.
2.7.2 Commercial, Industrial, Institutional Uses Whencomparedwithresidentialuses,commercialdevelopmentsoftenrequireahigherpercentageofshorttermbicycleparkingforcustomersandclientscombinedwithsecure,longtermbicycleparkingandshowerfacilitiesforemployees.Covered,outdoorparking,closetobuildingentrancesofferscustomersandclientsanimportantservice,raisingtheprofileofactivetransportationandmeetingagrowingdemandinareaswheresurfaceparkingformotorvehiclesisscarceandtrafficcongestionisaconcern.
2.7.3 Uses with High Bicycle Parking Demand Somedevelopmentshavethepotentialtogenerateahigherthanaveragedemandforbicycleparking.
Examples include: Schools–elementary,highschools,collegesand
universities-Manystudentsdonotdriveordonot ownapersonalmotorvehicle.
Hospitals,largefactoriesandmajortransithubsare destinationsforlargenumbersofvisitors,customers andemployeeswhomayrequireaccesstothesite atallhoursforshiftwork,latenighttravelschedules oremergencies.
Placesofassembly–stadiums,communitycentresor concerthalls–canreceiveaverylargenumberof short-termvisitorsduringspecialevents.These locationscancreateahighdemandforsecurebicycle parking.
Placesofworshiplikeplacesofassembly,receivea considerablenumberofvisitorsatonetimethereby increasingthedemandforsecurebicycleparking.
EmployeeBikeShare(yellowbikes)attheCentreforSocialInnovation(Toronto)Photocredit:YvonneBambrick.
BicycleParkingatRobartsLibrary,UniversityofToronto.TheUniversity’sStGeorgeCampushasbicycleparkingneartheentrancewaysofmostofit’smajorbuildings.
Guidelines for the desiGn and ManaGeMent of Bicycle ParkinG facilities
��
Developmentssuchastheseshouldbedesignedwiththepotentialbicycleparkingdemandinmind.Thiscanbeaccomplishedbyensuringthattheamountofbicycleparkingprovidedexceedstheminimumrequirementsandreflectstheexpectedusageofthesite.Forusesthathavenospecificbicycleparkingrequirementsconsiderationshouldbegiventothecapacityofthedevelopment,withtheamountandtypeofbicycleparkingreflectingtheexpectednumberofemployees/visitors/customers.Thenumberandsizeofshowerandchangefacilitiesshouldalsoreflectanyincreaseinthenumberoflong-termbicycleparkingspaces.
GoodqualitybicycleparkingatahighschoolinVictoria,B.C.Thisparkingisprotectedfromtheweatherandinahightrafficareatodiscouragevandalismandtheft.PhotoCredit:JohnLuton.
Guidelines for the desiGn and ManaGeMent of Bicycle ParkinG facilities
��
3. SITE DESIGN STRATEGIES
Inadditiontothedesignofbicycleparkingfacilities,therearebroaderfeaturesthatcanbeincludedinsitedesigntocreateabicyclefriendlydestinationandincreaseusageofbicycleparkingfacilities.
3.1. ACCESSIBILITY Accessibilityisoneofthethreebasicrequirementsofgoodbicycleparking.Designstrategiestoenhanceaccessibilityrangefromsimpledetailslikeprovidinglevelaccesstooutdoorbicycleracksfromaroadordriveway,tomorecomplicateddesignssuchasaseparate,accesscontrolled,dedicatedbicyclerampintoanundergroundbicycleparkingfacility.
Itisequallyimportanttoensurethatbicycleparkinginfrastructureisplacedinsuchawayasitdoesnotconflictwithaccesstothesitebyothermodes.Pedestrianaccessmustnotbehinderedbybicycleracks,includingpedestrianswhoarevisuallyimpairedorusemobilityaidssuchaswalkers,scooters,orwheelchairs.Bicycleracksshouldalsobelocatedinareasthatwillhelptominimizeinteractionsbetweenautomobilesandbicycleson-site.Largerinfrastructure,suchasbicyclelockersorcagescancreateblindspotsandblocklinesofsightandshouldbeinstalledinsuchawayastomitigatetheseconcerns.
3.2 STAIRWAYS Wherepossible,asiteplanthatincludesstairwaysshouldalsoincludeanalternative,levelaccessrouteforbicycles.Ifitisnotpossibletoprovideanalternativeaccess,aramporasmallchannelforbicyclewheelsontheedgeofastairwayshouldbeprovided.Thiswillpreventcyclistsfromhavingtocarrybicyclesupanddownstairs.Stairsarenotaccessibleforbicyclesandstairwayrampsshouldbeusedasalastresort.
3.3 BICYCLE PATHS ON-SITE Forlargerdevelopmentsbicycletravelon-sitemaybeanimportantconsideration.Inthiscase,dedicatedbicyclepaths,ormarkingsindicatingsharedusecouldbeimplementedtoaccommodatecyclistscrossinglargeparkinglotsorotherwisetravelingon-site.Thesededicatedpathsshouldbeunobstructedandextendtotheedge
DesignGuidelinesforbicyclerampsonstairsfromtheCityofHamilton’sDesignGuidelinesforBikeways.Dec1999.
ChannelforbicyclewheelinconcretestaircaseatMcDonald’sCycleCentre,Chicago.
Guidelines for the desiGn and ManaGeMent of Bicycle ParkinG facilities
��
ofthepropertyintwoormoredifferentdirections.Theminimumrecommendedwidthforaseparated,markedbicyclepath(twodirectionsoftravel)is1.8metres.
3.4 DESIGNING FOR CONVENIENCE Installingshort-termbicycleparkinginaconvenientlocationandclosetobuildingentranceswillhelptopreventunwantedparkingagainsttrees,wheelchairramps,utilitypolesorrailings.BuildingswithmorethanoneentranceshouldconsiderprovidingbicycleparkingclosetoeachentranceandparticularlynearentrancesthatareaccessibleviasmallerstreetsorstreetsincludedintheCity’sbikewaynetwork.Wheneverpossible,indoorparkingfacilitiesshouldallow24-hoursecureaccess.
3.5 SIGNAGE Clear,simplesignagewillhelpcyclistslocatebicycleparkingandindicatetopedestriansandmotoriststhattheyshouldexpectbicycletrafficonsite.Integrated,high-qualityandsimplesignagesuchaswellplacedsymbolsanddirectionalarrowscanbeveryeffective.
3.6 SAFETY AND SECURITY Bicycleparkingfacilitydesignshouldmaximizesafetyandsecuritytobothcyclistsandtheirproperty.Thereareanumberofstrategiesthatcanbeusedtoaccomplishthishoweverthetypeandnumberofstrategiesusedwilldependontheparticularfacility.
Examples include: Installingsecuritycamerasinbicycleparkingareas;Locatingbicycleparkingclosetobuildingentrances;Installingbrightlightsand/orconvexmirrorsto
minimizeblindspotsanddarkcorners;Locatingbicycleparkingwithinviewofparkinglot
attendants,buildingsecurity,orinabusyareacloseto otherpublicamenities;
Dedicated(cyclist-only)entranceswithlimitedaccess toindoorparkingfacilitiesandoutdoorbikecages(i.e. securitycardaccessornon-duplicablekeys)
Installinga“panicbutton”inbicycleparkingareasthat wouldprovideadirectlinetosecurityintheeventof anemergency
Bicyclerampsonstairway(Riverdale
Park,Toronto).
Directionalsignageforabicyclestation,Chicago,IL.
Guidelines for the desiGn and ManaGeMent of Bicycle ParkinG facilities
��
3.7 CREATING ATTRACTIVE BICYCLE PARKING Outdoorbicycleparking,whetheritisshorttermorlongterm,canbeanattractivepartofsitedesign.Bicycleparkingracksorothersystemscanbedesignedandconfiguredtocoordinatewithandcomplementsitedesign,streetfurnitureorotheramenitiesonsite.Bicyclerackscanbecustombuilttosuitspecificneedsandcandoubleaspublicarttherebyaddinganeye-catchingandcreativefeaturetoabuilding’sexterior.However,anybicycleparkinginfrastructurethatisinstalledonthepublicright-of-way(onthesidewalk)issubjecttoCityguidelinesandrequirements(SeeSection5formoredetails).
BicycleRackSculpturesinToronto’sParkdaleneighbourhoodfunctionbothasparkingstandsandaspublicart.
Guidelines for the desiGn and ManaGeMent of Bicycle ParkinG facilities
��
4. BUILDING MANAGEMENT, OPERATIONS AND EMPLOYER-BASED STRATEGIES
Inadditiontogoodqualitybicycleparkinginfrastructure,thereareanumberofoperationalstrategiesandincentivesthatwillensuresuccessfuluseofthefacilitiesprovided.
4.1 SHORT-TERM BICYCLE PARKING Wellmanaged,short-termbicycleparkingareasthatareingoodconditionandappearcleanandwellcaredforwillbemoresecure.Thiscanbeaccomplishedby:
Removingabandonedandderelictbicycles:Developing asystemoftaggingbicycles1weekbeforeremoval willwarncyclistsandwillhelpdistinguish abandonedbicyclesfromonesthatareinuse.
KeepingtheareafreefromgarbageClearingsnowandotherdirt/debris.Regularsecuritymonitoringtodiscouragetheft,
vandalismRepairingorreplacingdamagedracksWhereappropriate,reservedparkingforbicycle
couriersinconvenientlocationscanprovideavaluable additionalfeaturetoshort-termparkingfacilities.
4.2 LONG-TERM BICYCLE PARKING
4.2.1 Bicycle Lockers Providingbicyclelockersforthelong-termparkingneedsofemployeesorbuildingresidentsrequiressomebasicmanagementpracticesincluding:
Monitoringlockeruse-Masterkeysorsimilarsystems canallowaccesstothelockers;
Maintenance–repairandreplacementofdamagedor malfunctioningparts.Dependingonthequalityofthe lockersused,maintenancerequirementscanbe minimal;
Removingsnowfromthefrontoflockerdoors;Removinggarbageandotherdebrisfromlockerarea.
Locatingbicycleparkingnexttoaparkingattendant’sboothwillfacilitatesurveillanceandimprovesecurity.
Guidelines for the desiGn and ManaGeMent of Bicycle ParkinG facilities
20
4.2.2 Bicycle Cages Asimpleregistrationsystemcanaidintheregulationandmonitoringofusers.Securitypasscardsystemscanbeusedandemployeeaccesscardscanbeprogrammedtoallowaccesstoabicyclecage.Non-duplicablekeyscanbeissuedtobuildingresidents.Aswithallbikeparkingoptions,thebikecageshouldbeunderregularsecuritysurveillance.
4.2.3 Indoor Bicycle Parking (Underground Parking Garage) Automaticaccesscontrolmechanismsonparkinggaragesmustbeabletoaccommodatebicycles.Securitycardorkeyaccesscanbeusedforbothautomobilesandbicycles.Thereareoftenadditionaldetectorsusedinconjunctionwithsecurityaccessdevicestoopengatesorgaragedoors.Ifbicyclesdonotactivatethesedetectorsotheroptionswillneedtobeconsidered.Inthisinstance,providingadirectlinetobuildingsecurityatthegarageentranceisoneoptionthatwouldallowcycliststorequestentry.
4.2.4 Indoor Bicycle Parking (Bike Room) Bikeroomsshouldbereservedforbicycleparkingpurposesonly.Signageandenforcementofthiswillpreventmisuse.Routinemaintenanceandcleaningwillencourageuse.Regularsecuritysurveillanceandrestrictedaccessisrequired.
4.3 SECURITY AND FACILITY OPERATIONS Bikeparkingareasshouldbereservedforusebybikes
only.Regularmonitoringisrequiredforsignsof damagetobicyclesorracksandsignsofmisusesuch asstoringitemsotherthanbicyclesorextraauto parking.
Bikeparkingareasshouldbeundersurveillanceby securitypersonnelthroughmonitoredsecurity camerasandperiodicfootpatrols.Cyclistsshouldbe encouragedtoreportanyvandalismorsecurity concerns.
Damagetobicycleracksshouldberepairedinatimely fashionandanyderelictorabandonedbikesare removedsoasnottopreventordiscouragecontinued useoftheracks.
Policiestoensurepromptandregularsnowremoval, cleaningandgarbageremovalfrombicycleparking areasshouldbeadheredto.Aimingatamaximum
Anelectronickeypadisoneoptionforabicyclecage.Periodicallyresettinganaccesscodewillfurtherimprovesecurity.Photocredit:JohnLuton.
AstaffbicycleparkingroomatEastYorkCivicCentreprovidesconvenientindoorparkingat-gradeandallowsaccesstocyclistsonly.
Guidelines for the desiGn and ManaGeMent of Bicycle ParkinG facilities
2�
12hourperiod(followingsnowfall)forsnowremoval willencourageandfacilitatedailyuseofbicyclesinall seasons.
4.4 BUILDING ACCESS Forindoorparkingaseparate,dedicatedentrance
shouldbeprovidedforcyclists.Asecureentrancewith keyorsecuritycardaccessthatisregularlymonitored isbest.
Wherethereisnobetteraccessavailableforcyclists, bicyclesshouldbeaccommodatedonelevators.
4.5 INCENTIVES TO ENCOURAGE BICYCLE USE Economicincentivesareoftenthemosteffective
meansofencouragingachangeinroutine.ParkingCashOut:Inbuildingswheretenants,
employeesorotherusersareofferedsubsidized parking,cyclistscouldbeprovidedwiththecash equivalentsincetheydonotuseacarparkingspace. Thiscouldtaketheformofatravelallowancetobe usedforthepurchaseofabicycleorcyclingrelated gear.
Businesstravelreimbursements:Employers whoreimburseautomobilemileageforbusiness tripscouldreimbursebicyclemileagewhencyclingis comparableinspeedtodriving.
Rewardincentives:Providingcyclistswithendofyear giftcertificatestobikeshops.Inexchangeforpublicity, somebikemanufacturershavebeenknowntodonate bicyclesorprovidethematlowcost.
Hostingcycling-themedfunctionsforemployees, companyteamsforcharityridesorbicycleraces.
Bicycleparkinginaretaildevelopmentintheeastwaterfrontneighbourhoodhasbeendesignedtoaccomodateandencouragecustomerswhowishtodotheirshoppingbybicycle.
Guidelines for the desiGn and ManaGeMent of Bicycle ParkinG facilities
2�
5. BICYCLE PARKING FACILITIES IN THE PUBLIC RIGHT-OF-WAY
BicycleparkingrequiredbytheZoningby-lawisnormallyprovidedon-siteonprivateproperty.However,therearesomeinstanceswhererequiredbicycleparkingmaybetterbeprovidedinthepublicright-of-way(onthesidewalk).Intheseinstancesthereiseitherinadequatespaceonprivateproperty(whichisoftenthecaseindense,urbanlocations),orthepublicright-of-wayisamoredesirablelocation(providesahigherlevelofaccessibility,securityandconvenience).
Anybicycleparking(whetherrequiredbythezoningby-lawornot)thatislocatedinthepublicright-of-waymustcomplywithCitystandardsandguidelinesforallstreetfurnitureandmustbeinstalledbyCitystaff.
5.1 NEW DEVELOPMENTS PROGRAM Ifadeveloperisunabletosatisfytheby-lawrequirementsforshort-termbicycleparkingbyinstallingfacilitiesontheproperty,theCitymayallowbicyclerackstobeplacedwithinthepublicright-of-way.Theamount,generallocationandarrangementofsuchfacilitieswillbedeterminedthroughthedevelopmentapprovalprocess,inaccordancewiththerelevantby-lawsandguidelines.TransportationServiceswillprovideandinstallpost-and-ringbikeracks,atthedeveloper’sexpense.Paymentoftherequiredfeebecomesoneoftheconditionsofobtainingtheappropriatelandscapingorconstructionpermit.Thefeeiscurrently$200perpost,andshouldbesubmitted,alongwithasitedrawing,toTransportationServicesPedestrianandCyclingInfrastructureUnit.Moreinformationcanbeobtainedbycalling416-392-9253.
5.2 BICYCLE RACK PLACEMENT AND DESIGN Theplacementanddesignofallstreetfurnitureinthepublicright-of-wayisconditionedbyanumberofexistingCityby-laws,guidelinesandcontractualagreements.Anybicycleracksthataretobeplacedinthesidewalkaresubjecttoapplicablestreetright-of-wayby-laws.Thefollowingdocumentsmustalsobeconsulted:
CityofTorontoAccessibilityDesignGuidelinesCityofTorontoDraftStreetscapeManualCityofTorontoVibrantStreetsGuidelines
CityofTorontostaffinstallingpost-and-ringbicycleparkinginthepublicright-of-way.
Guidelines for the desiGn and ManaGeMent of Bicycle ParkinG facilities
2�
CriteriaforthelocationofstreetfurniturehavebeendevelopedbyToronto’scoordinatedstreetfurnitureprogramandlistedintheVibrantStreetsGuidelines.Allstreetfurnitureinthepublicright-of-way,includingbicycleracks,mustbeplacedinsuchaswayastosatisfythesecriteria:
Establishandmaintainadistinct,linearpedestrian clearway
Furnituresizetoberesponsivetowidthofpedestrian clearway
Quantityoffurnishingstoreflecttheusepatternsand placementopportunities
Sidewalksandstreetfurnituretobeaccessibletoall users
MaintainsightlinesatintersectionsRespondtosurroundingarchitectureandopenspaceRespondtospecificsiteconditions
Insomeinstances,apropertyownermaywishtoplacetheirownbicycleparkingracksinthepublicright-of- way.InthiscaseapropertyownermustenterintoanencroachmentagreementwiththeCity.Theencroachmentagreementwillincludeapprovalforboththedesignandtheplacementofthebicycleracks.
5.3 LONG-TERM PARKING Long-termparkingisnotoftenplacedinthepublicright-of-way.Inmostcasestheguidelinesfortheplacementanddesignofstreetfurniturewouldnotallowbicyclecagesorbikelockerstobeplacedonthesidewalk.However,forareaswhereithasbeendeemedappropriate,Toronto’snewcoordinatedstreetfurnitureproject,isdevelopingadesignforbicyclelockersthatwillbeconsistentwithotherstreetfurnitureelements.
ProposedbicyclelockerdesignfromToronto’scoordinatedstreetfurnitureprogram.
Guidelines for the desiGn and ManaGeMent of Bicycle ParkinG facilities
2�
6. POLICY CONTEXT
ThereareanumberofexistingCitypoliciesthatsupportthedevelopmentofhighqualitybicycleparkinginfrastructureasameanstoencourageareductioninautodependency,promoteastandardof“green”developmentandsupportbicycleusecity-wide.
6.1 CITY OF TORONTO OFFICIAL PLAN TheCity’sOfficialPlansupportsincreasedbicycleusethroughanumberofpolicies.Amongthesepoliciesarespecificprovisionsforbicycleparkingaswellasthereductionofautodependencyinnewdevelopments.PleaseseeAppendixBforalistofthekeyOfficialPlanpoliciesrelatedtotheseGuidelines.
6.2 CITY OF TORONTO BIKE PLAN TheTorontoBikePlanestablishesavisionforcyclinginTorontothatisreflectedinthegeneralpoliciesoftheOfficialPlan.Itprovidesintegratedprinciples,objectivesandrecommendationsregardingbicyclerelatedprogrammingandinfrastructure.ThePlanrecommends“ThattheCityproducebicycleparkingguidelinesfordevelopersandpropertymanagerstoassistintheprovisionofhighqualitybicycleparkingfacilities.”(Recommendation9-5http://www.toronto.ca/cycling/bikeplan/).
AspartoftheBikePlanstudy,acomprehensivepublicattitudesurveyconductedin1999askedrecreationalcyclistswhatimprovementswouldencouragethemtousetheirbicyclestotraveltoworkorschool.Surveyresultsshowedapproximately49,000cyclistsinTorontoconsidersecurebicycleparkingastheirsecondmostimportantneed,secondonlytomorebikelanes.Dataalsoshowedthatapproximately33,000Torontocyclistsidentifyaccesstoshowerandchangefacilitiesasanimportantfeaturetoencourageregularbicyclecommuting.
6.3 TORONTO GREEN DEVELOPMENT STANDARD 2008
TheTorontoGreenDevelopmentStandardimplementsthepoliciesoftheOfficialPlanthroughasetofperformancetargetsthatencouragesustainablesiteandbuilding
Bicycleparkingisoneofthesix“spokes”oftheTorontoBikePlan.
Guidelines for the desiGn and ManaGeMent of Bicycle ParkinG facilities
2�
design.ThetargetsresponddirectlytoToronto’slocalenvironmentalpressures,integratingexistingCitypolicies,programs,guidelinesandtargetswithappropriatestandardsfromprivateratingsystemssuchasLeadershipinEnergyandEnvironmentalDesign(LEED)andGreenGlobes.
DuringthedevelopmentapprovalprocessforallapplicationsinvolvingOfficialPlanandzoningamendments,siteplanapprovalandplansofsubdivision,agreendevelopmentchecklistiscompletedbytheapplicanttosummarizetheminimumandenhancedgreenfeaturesincludedintheirproposal.
The2008TorontoGreenDevelopmentStandardforMid-toHigh-RiseResidences,Commercial,IndustrialandInstitutionalDevelopmentcontainsminimumtargetsforbicycleparkingasfollows:
Provideatleast1.0bicyclespacesperunitfor residentialbuildingswithmorethan10unitsinthe downtownareaand0.75bicyclespacesperunitin residentialbuildingswithmorethan10unitsoutside ofthedowntownarea.
Provide10%oflong-termparkingatgradeina convenientsecurelocation
Provide1parkingspaceforevery15regularbuilding occupants(Minimumofonespacerequired).
Provideshowerandchangefacilitiesforworkplaces (Onefacilityforeachgenderforevery30bicycle parkingspaces).
Providesignageandroadmarkingsforcyclistsonlarge sites.
http://www.toronto.ca/environment/greendevelopment.htm
6.4 CITY OF TORONTO ZONING BY-LAW PROjECT Toronto’sZoningBy-LawProjectbeganin2003.Forthisprojectthe41zoningby-lawsinheritedfromthemunicipalitiesfollowingamalgamationarebeing“harmonized”intoonecomprehensiveZoningBy-Law.UpuntilthecompletionoftheZoningBy-lawProject,thebicycleparkingby-lawsthatarecurrentlyinplaceintheformermunicipalitiesareineffect.ThisincludesZoningBy-LawNo.438-86;NorthYorkCentreSecondaryPlan’sdensityincentivesforbelow-gradebicyclestorage,and
Short-termandlong-termbicycleparkingoptionsatTorontoCityHall.
Guidelines for the desiGn and ManaGeMent of Bicycle ParkinG facilities
2�
ZoningBy-LawNo.104-2008intheScarboroughDistrict.AspartoftheZoningBy-lawprojecttwoconsultantstudieshavebeencompletedtodeveloprecommendationsfornewbicycleparkingstandardsforselectedlanduses.Currently,CitystaffarereviewingtheseconsultantstudiesandtheexistingbicycleparkingstandardsinTorontowithaviewtodevelopingonecity-widestandardforbicycleparking.PleaseseeAppendixBformoredetailedinformationoncurrentdistrictstandardsandproposedcity-widebicycleparkingrequirements.
6.5 VIBRANT STREETS GUIDELINES TheVibrantStreetsdocumentprovidesstreetfurnituredesignandpolicyguidelinesthatweredevelopedforToronto’scoordinatedstreetfurnitureprogram.Withaviewtoharmonizingthedesign,scale,materialsandplacementofstreetfurnitureinToronto,VibrantStreetswillconditionthedesignandplacementofallstreetfurnitureincludingbicycleparkingracksinthepublicright-of-way(onthesidewalk).
http://www.toronto.ca/involved/projects/streetfurniture/pdf/vibrant_streets.pdf
6.6 NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS AND CERTIFICATIONS
Variousnationallyandinternationallyrecognizedsustainabledesignstandardsincorporatebicycleparkingasacomponentofenvironmentallyresponsibledesign.Thesestandardsinclude:
• Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED)
ThepopularLEEDGreenBuildingRatingsystemwasdevelopedinitiallybytheUSGreenBuildingCouncilandthenadaptedbytheCanadianGreenBuildingCounciltoadministerinCanada.Theprogramprovidesaratingsystemforhighperformancegreenbuildingsbyrewardingpointsforincludingvariousfeaturesofsustainabledesign,uptoatotalof70possiblepoints.OnepointisearnedbymeetingSustainableSites(SS)Credit4.2:AlternativeTransportation–BicycleStorageandChangingRoomswhichrequirestheprovisionofbicyclestorage,changingroomsandshowerfacilities.
TorontoBikeWeekgroupcommute.
Humberriverpedestrianandbicyclebridge
Guidelines for the desiGn and ManaGeMent of Bicycle ParkinG facilities
2�
• Green Globes Design for New Buildings and Retrofits:
GreenGlobesprovidesanonlineassessmentprotocol,ratingsystemandguidanceforgreenbuildingdesign,operationandmanagement.Itprovidesmarketrecognitionofabuilding’senvironmentalattributesthroughthird-partyverification.
UnderSectionC.5–EnergyEfficientTransportation,GreenGlobesawardspointsfortheprovisionofbicyclestorageareasandchangeroomswiththeintenttoreducefossilfuelconsumptionforcommuting(http://www.greenglobes.com/design/criteria.asp).
• Promoting Sustainable Transportation Through Site Design: an ITE Proposed Recommended Practice (Canadian Institute of Transportation Engineers):
Thepurposeofthesesitedesignguidelinesistoguidetheplanningandreviewofnon-residentialdevelopmentssothatsitesaredesignedtobemoreaccessibletotravelmodesotherthansingle-occupantvehicles.Guidelinesforbicycleparkingsupply,locationandaccessareprovidedasacomponentofsitedesign.(Section3.4.7BicycleParking)http://www.cite7.org/Technical_Projects/sitedesignreview.htm
6.7 PROVINCIAL POLICIES
PlacestoGrow:GrowthPlanfortheGreaterGoldenHorseshoe
TheGrowthPlanfortheGreaterGoldenHorseshoeisaframeworkforimplementingtheOntarioGovernment’svisiontobuildstronger,prosperouscommunitiesbymanaginggrowthinthisregion.ThePlanwaspreparedunderthePlacestoGrowAct,2005andsetsoutpoliciestoprovideleadershipforimprovingpresentandfuturegrowthto2031.ThePlanguidesdecision-makingonawiderangeofissuesincludingtransportation,land-useplanninginfrastructureplanning,urbanform,housing,naturalheritageandresourceprotection.Planpoliciessupportthevisionofanintegratedregionaltransportationsystemthatwillincludebicycletransportationasapracticalelement.
http://www.placestogrow.ca/
CityofToronto’sBikewayNetworksignageonRoyalYorkroad.
Guidelines for the desiGn and ManaGeMent of Bicycle ParkinG facilities
2�
7. CONCLUSION:
BicycleuseplaysanimportantroleinthedevelopmentofamoreefficienttransportationsysteminToronto.Thefearofvandalismandtheftcanbeasignificantdeterrenttoregularbicycleuse.Providinghighquality,securebicycleparkinginfrastructureandbicycle-friendlypoliciesinnewandexistingdevelopmentswillgoalongwaytosupportandincreasetheuseofbicyclesforeverydaytravelneeds.Highqualitybicycleparkingmustbeincorporatedintooverallsitedesignfromthestart.Lastminuteeffortstomeetparkingrequirementsandfillinunallocatedspaceswillnotproduceawell-designedfacility.Althoughaimedatnewdevelopments,theBicycleParkingGuidelinescanalsobeappliedtoexistingdevelopmentslookingtoimprovebicycleparkingfacilities.Workingtogether,architects,developers,urbandesigners,planners,buildingownersandmanagerscanprovideavitalcontributiontoasustainabletransportationsystemandsupportagrowingcultureofactivetransportinToronto.
Guidelines for the desiGn and ManaGeMent of Bicycle ParkinG facilities
��
8. APPENDIX A
0.9m
0.9m
1.5m
3.0m 3.0m
3.0m
m9. 3
m5. 2
SEPA
RATE
D B
IKE
RAM
P
PERS
ON
AL L
OCK
ERS
SHO
WER
CH
ANG
ERO
OM
S
AUTO
MAT
ICG
ARAG
E D
OO
RSE
CURI
TYCA
RD A
CCES
S
6% G
RAD
IEN
T
ENTR
ANCE
TO
BU
ILD
ING
MAI
N F
LOO
R
CONCEPTUAL SITE PLAN FOR LONG-TERM BICYCLE PARKING IN AN UNDERGROUND PARKING GARAGE
Guidelines for the desiGn and ManaGeMent of Bicycle ParkinG facilities
��
9. APPENDIX B: RELEVANT POLICIES AND BY-LAWS
CITY OF TORONTO OFFICIAL PLAN ThefollowingOfficialPlanpoliciesprovidespecificprovisionsforbicycleparkingaswellasthereductionofautodependencyinnewdevelopments.
Section 2.4 Bringing the City Together: A Progressive Agenda of Transportation Change Policy #7: Policies,programsandinfrastructurewillbeintroducedtocreateasafe,comfortableandbicyclefriendlyenvironmentthatencouragespeopleofallagestocycleforeverydaytransportationandenjoymentincluding:
a) an expanded bikeway network; b) provision of bicycle parking facilities in new developments; c) provision of adequate and secure bicycle parking at rapid transit stations; and d) measures to improve the safety of cyclists through the design and operation of streets and through education and promotion programs.
Policy #3: In targeted growth areas, planning for new development will be undertaken in the context of reducing auto dependency and the transportation demands and impacts of such new development assessed in terms of the broader social and environmental objectives of the Plan’s reurbanization strategy.
Inotherwords,planningfornewdevelopmentwillincludemeasurestoreduceautodependencywitheachdevelopmentsiteaswellasmeasurestoachieveamixedusepatternofdevelopmentintargetedgrowthareas...ect.Theseeffortswillincreasetheopportunityforbetterwalkingandcyclingconditionsandminimizelongtermneedsforcostlytransportationinfrastructureaswellascostsassociatedwithsocial,environmentalandhealtheffectsofincreasedautouse.
Guidelines for the desiGn and ManaGeMent of Bicycle ParkinG facilities
��
maintained, on the same lot as the building, at least to the extent prescribed in the following table:
(b) The requirements of paragraph (a) shall not apply to any floor space used on or before July 20, 1993.
(c) The bicycle parking spaces required by paragraph (a) shall be provided in the following proportion: 80 percent as bicycle parking space - occupant and 20 percent as bicycle parking spaces - visitor. (1997-0422)
(d) Not more than 50 per cent of bicycle parking spaces - occupant shall be provided in a manner that requires a person to park the bicycle in a vertical position.
(e) Bicycle parking spaces required by paragraph (a) shall not be provided within a dwelling unit or a balcony thereof nor within commercial suites.
Section 2 - Definitions and interpretation, Zoning By-law No. 438-86 (summarized) “bicycleparkingspace”
meansabicycleparkingspace-occupantorabicycleparkingspace-visitor;
“bicycleparkingspace-visitor”maybelocatedoutdoorsorindoorsbutnotwithinasecuredroom,enclosureorbicyclelocker;
“bicycleparkingspace-occupant”maybeabicyclerackorbicyclelocker.Inthecaseofabicyclerackitmustbelocatedinasecuredroomorarea;
Section 4.2 Apartment Neighbourhoods Policy#2(d):
Development in Apartment Neighbourhoods will contribute to the quality of life by including sufficient off-street motor vehicle and bicycle parking for residents and visitors;
WhilethispolicyiscoveredintheZoningBy-Law,importantissuesconcerningthequalityandpracticabilityofbicycleparkinginfrastructurewilldetermine...ectthesuitabilityofthesefacilitiestopromoteincreasedbicycleuse.Sections2-4oftheBicycleParkingGuidelinesaddresstheseissuesindetail.
FormoreinformationonToronto’sOfficialPlan:http://www.toronto.ca/planning/official_plan/introduction.htm
BICYCLE PARKING REQUIREMENTS IN THE SOUTH DISTRICT
BuildingserectedintheSouthDistrict(theformerCityofToronto)afterJuly20,1993needtocomplywiththespecificbicycleparkingandshower-changefacilityrequirementslistedbelow.By-law438-86,Section4(13)Bicycleparkingspacesandshower-changefacilities:whenrequired,number,locationandtype
(a) Subject to paragraphs (b), (c) and (d), no person shall erect or use a building or structure in any use district for a purpose listed below unless bicycle parking spaces and/or shower - change facilities are provided and
USE REQUIREMENT
Residential: Dwelling units in a building containing 10 or more dwelling units, other than senior citizens' housing:
Non-residential: uses listed in sections 8(1)(f)(b)(iv), (v) and (vi), in a building located in any use district and where the combined non-residential gross floor area used for those purposes is equal to or greater than 2,000 square metres:
Non-residential: uses listed in sections 8(1)(f)(b)(iv), (v) and (vi), in a building located in any use district and where the combined non-residential gross floor area used for those purposes is equal to or greater than 20,000 square metres:
0.75 bicycle parking spaces for each dwelling unit, or a fraction thereof equal to or greater than 0.5, to a maximum of 200 bicycle parking spaces;
6 bicycle parking spaces, or one bicycle parking space for every 1,250 square metres of net floor area or fraction thereof equal to or greater than 0.5, whichever is greater
1 shower-change facility for each genderor greater than 20,000 square metres:
Guidelines for the desiGn and ManaGeMent of Bicycle ParkinG facilities
��
Commercial): Minimum:Greaterof1space/2,000m2or4spacesforprojectswithGFA>2,000m2Maximum:None1shower-changefacilityforeachgenderforprojectswithGFA>20,000m2.
Number of Bicycle Parking Spaces for Residential Uses Minimum:0.10spaces/unitforprojectswith40ormorenongrade-relateddwellingunitsMaximum:NoneNoshower-changefacilityrequired
Other Uses Proponentsofdevelopmentcontainingusesnotcoveredabovewillidentifybicycleparkingstandardsforsuchusesthatareconsistentwiththecontextandguidelinesnotedabove.
BICYCLE PARKING REQUIREMENTS IN SCARBOROUGH DISTRICT:
AdoptionofOfficialPlanAmendmentNo.42&ZoningBy-LawNo.104-2008:TheZoningBy-LawimplementingtheDanforthAvenueStudy(fromVictoriaParkAvenueeastwardstoMedfordAvenue,eastofWardenAvenue)includesspecificbicycleparkingrequirementsforresidentialdevelopmentsinthearea.Residentialdevelopmentsarerequiredtoprovide0.5bicycleparkingspacesperdwellingunitofwhich80%islong-termparkingforoccupantuseand20%isshort-termparkingforvisitors.http://www.toronto.ca/planning/pdf/danfoth_notice_adoption_feb08.pdf
PRELIMINARY DIRECTIONS FOR A NEW ZONING BY-LAW AspartofToronto’sZoningBy-lawprojecttwoconsultantstudieshavebeencompletedtodevelopnewparkingstandardsforselectedlanduses.Asaresultofthesestudiesthefollowingcity-widebicycleparkingstandardshavebeenproposedbytheconsultants.ThesestandardsarecurrentlyunderreviewbyCitystaff.Inaddition,theproposedstandardalsorecommendsthatclothinglockersbesuppliedatatotalof0.7timesthenumberofType1bicycleparkingspaces.http://www.toronto.ca/zoning/
“bicycleparkingspace”meansanareathatisequippedwithabicyclerackforthepurposeofparkingandsecuringbicycles,and:
i.wherethebicyclesaretobeparkedona horizontalsurface,hashorizontaldimensions ofatleast0.6metresby1.8metresandavertical dimensionofatleast1.9metres;
ii.wherethebicyclesaretobeparkedinavertical position,hashorizontaldimensionsofatleast0.6 metresby1.2metresandaverticaldimensionof atleast1.9metres.
NORTH YORK CENTRE SECONDARY PLAN
InDecember2007TorontoCityCounciladoptedanamendmenttotheNorthYorkCentreSecondaryPlanrespectingbelow-gradebicyclestorage.TheamendmentwillbepresentedasasettlementattheOntarioMunicipalBoardin2008.Thepolicyrequirestheprovisionofat-gradebicycleparkinginallmajornewdevelopmentsintheNorthYorkCentreandreadsasfollows:Definition,Number,LocationandDimensions:Abicycleparkingspaceisanareadesignedandequippedexclusivelyforthepurposeofparkingandsecuringabicycle.Thespacewillnotbeprovidedwithinadwellingunit,balconyorcommercialsuite.Alltypesofbicycleparkingspacearrangements(e.g.racks,lockers,etc)canbeconsideredinthereviewofmeetingtheseguidelines.Theminimumnumberofbicycleparkingspacesidentifiedinthispolicyaretobeprovidedinanat-gradecommonbicycleroomconvenientlyaccessibletotheoutside.Additionalbicycleparkingspacesmaybeprovidedinotherlocations
Dimensions of bicycle parking spaces: Minimum1.9mhighby0.6mwideby1.2metresdeep(verticalparking)or1.8metresdeep(horizontalparking).Nomorethan50%ofspaceswillbeprovidedasverticalparking.Dimensionsofshower-changefacilitieswillmeettheminimumrequirementsoftheOntarioBuildingCode.
Number of Bicycle Parking Spaces for Commercial Uses (Office, Institutional, Ancillary Retail and Service
Guidelines for the desiGn and ManaGeMent of Bicycle ParkinG facilities
��
USE
General Office/GovernmentOffice
MedicalOffice
Retail/Restaurant
Multi-UseResidential
0.2 spaces/ 100m2 Greater of: 0.2 spaces/ 100m2 or 6 spaces for sites with non-residential GFA>1000m2
Greater of: 0.3 spaces/ 100m2 or 6 spaces for sites with non-residential GFA>1000m2
20% of 1.0 spaces per unit
Greater of: 0.15 spaces/ 100m2 or 6 spaces for sites with non-residential GFA>1000m2
Greater of: 0.25 spaces/ 100m2 or 6 spaces for sites with non-residential GFA>1000m2
20% of 0.75 spaces per unit
Greater of: 0.1 spaces/ 100m2 or 6 spaces for sites with non-residential GFA>1000m2
0.15 spaces/ 100m2
0.2 spaces/ 100m2
80% of 1.0 spaces / unit
0.13 spaces/ 100m2
0.1 spaces/ 100m2
0.13 spaces/ 100m2
80% of 0.75 spaces per unit
Greater of: 0.15 spaces/ 100m2 or 6 spaces for sites with non-residential GFA>1000m2
TYPE 1* TYPE 2*TYPE 1* TYPE 2*
Rest of the CityDowntown and Central Waterfront / City Centres †
† Toronto Official Plan -Map 2. * Type 1 = Long-term parking; Type 2 = Short-term parking. ** no upper limit on bike parking spaces
Proposed Minimum Number of Required Off-Street Bicycle Spaces**
0-4
0-29
30-59
60-89
90-119
120-149
150-179
Over179
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7 plus 1 for additional 30 bicycle spaces
Required Number ofType 1 Bicycle Parking Spaces
Number of Shower Stalls
Proposed minimum number of shower facilities requiredfor each gender (for commercial uses)
Guidelines for the desiGn and ManaGeMent of Bicycle ParkinG facilities
��
A Guide for Business Owners & Cyclists in the City of Toronto
Bicycle Parking
10. APPENDIX C: BICYCLE PARKING BROCHURE
In2003theCityofTorontoproducedabicycleparkingbrochure:BicycleParking:AGuideforBusinessOwnersandCyclistsintheCityofToronto.Thisbrochureincludesinformationonbicycleparkingoptions,tipsforcyclistsonavoidingbicycletheft,andthebenefitsofbicyclecommuting.Formoreinformation:http://www.toronto.ca/bug/pdf/bicycle_parking_guide.pdf